2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句讲义及练习 学案
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句讲义及练习 学案 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-26 10:40:49 | ||
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定语从句讲义及练习
一、定语从句的分类
1) 限制性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
2) 非限制性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
George, who is my classmate, has won a scholarship.
二、定语从句中主谓一致的问题
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。
1 当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.
2 当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
③ 先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
三、as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别
关系代词as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，都可用来指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般可互换，但用法有以下区别：
① as 引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末，而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
②在从句中作主语时，which既可作连系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语；而as只可作连系动词be的主语。
He married her，which/as was natural.他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
He saw the girl, which delighted him.他见到那个女孩，这使他很高兴。
③非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。
She succeeded in her doing the research work, as we expected.
④as 的用法 the same… as; such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
四、way和time后接定语从句的用法。
①当先行词是way(方式、方法)时，
如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则引导词用that/which/不填。
The way that/ which/ 不填 he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
如果先行词way后面的定语从句缺少（方式）状语，则引导词用that/in which/不填。
The way that/ in which/ 不填 he explained the sentences to us was not difficult to understand.
他向我们解释句子的那种方法不难理解。
②当先行词是time时（时期、次数）时，
如果time表示“次数”，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略。
It is the first time（次数） that Mr. Smith has visited China.
这是史密斯先生第一次到中国游览。
如果time表示“时期，一段时间”，应用关系副词when或at/during + which引导定语从句。
There was a time（时期） when/during which there were no radios, no telephones and TV sets.
曾经有一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时期。
五、关系副词where
高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为“明显的地点”转化“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点，当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所发展的stage和point，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。常见的抽象名词作先行词的有：point， position， situation，stage，state，case， scene，dilemma等。
He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。
六、“介词+关系代词”的用法
有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词前面，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中的关系代词可用which, whose, who 不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子的意义来确定。
e.g. This is the house of which I spoke. (根据动词speak的搭配而定）
This is the camera with which he often takes photos. (根据先行词的搭配而定)
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(根据句子的意义来确定)
注： 有些“动词+介词”短语，如look for, look after, call on 等不可拆开，不可把介词放在关系代词之前。
He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year. 他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。
That is the book which I am looking for. 那就是我要找的书。
2. 感悟高考
1. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _______ has been proved.
2. Many young people, most of _______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
3. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ______ you can hear some lovely music.
4. A company _______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
5. However, there was a deep longing within me _______ never quite left.
6. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______ his employees enjoy their work.
7. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _______ school education depends.
8. China Today attracts a world wide readership, _______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
9. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.
10. Among the many dangers ______ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
11. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _______ I would be staying.
12. Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
13. The exact year ___________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
14. I am looking forward to the day ______ my daughter can read this book and know my feeling for her.
15. There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
16. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and the dark waters of the Li River _________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
17. We have launched another man-made satellite, ___________ is announced in today’s newspaper.
18. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _______ he should be able to be independent.
19. The books on the desk, __________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
20. Creating an atmosphere ____________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
一、定语从句的分类
1) 限制性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
2) 非限制性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
George, who is my classmate, has won a scholarship.
二、定语从句中主谓一致的问题
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。
1 当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.
2 当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
③ 先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
三、as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别
关系代词as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，都可用来指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般可互换，但用法有以下区别：
① as 引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末，而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
②在从句中作主语时，which既可作连系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语；而as只可作连系动词be的主语。
He married her，which/as was natural.他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
He saw the girl, which delighted him.他见到那个女孩，这使他很高兴。
③非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。
She succeeded in her doing the research work, as we expected.
④as 的用法 the same… as; such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
四、way和time后接定语从句的用法。
①当先行词是way(方式、方法)时，
如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则引导词用that/which/不填。
The way that/ which/ 不填 he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
如果先行词way后面的定语从句缺少（方式）状语，则引导词用that/in which/不填。
The way that/ in which/ 不填 he explained the sentences to us was not difficult to understand.
他向我们解释句子的那种方法不难理解。
②当先行词是time时（时期、次数）时，
如果time表示“次数”，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略。
It is the first time（次数） that Mr. Smith has visited China.
这是史密斯先生第一次到中国游览。
如果time表示“时期，一段时间”，应用关系副词when或at/during + which引导定语从句。
There was a time（时期） when/during which there were no radios, no telephones and TV sets.
曾经有一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时期。
五、关系副词where
高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为“明显的地点”转化“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点，当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所发展的stage和point，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。常见的抽象名词作先行词的有：point， position， situation，stage，state，case， scene，dilemma等。
He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。
六、“介词+关系代词”的用法
有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词前面，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中的关系代词可用which, whose, who 不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子的意义来确定。
e.g. This is the house of which I spoke. (根据动词speak的搭配而定）
This is the camera with which he often takes photos. (根据先行词的搭配而定)
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(根据句子的意义来确定)
注： 有些“动词+介词”短语，如look for, look after, call on 等不可拆开，不可把介词放在关系代词之前。
He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year. 他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。
That is the book which I am looking for. 那就是我要找的书。
2. 感悟高考
1. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _______ has been proved.
2. Many young people, most of _______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
3. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ______ you can hear some lovely music.
4. A company _______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
5. However, there was a deep longing within me _______ never quite left.
6. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______ his employees enjoy their work.
7. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _______ school education depends.
8. China Today attracts a world wide readership, _______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
9. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.
10. Among the many dangers ______ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
11. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _______ I would be staying.
12. Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
13. The exact year ___________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
14. I am looking forward to the day ______ my daughter can read this book and know my feeling for her.
15. There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
16. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and the dark waters of the Li River _________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
17. We have launched another man-made satellite, ___________ is announced in today’s newspaper.
18. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _______ he should be able to be independent.
19. The books on the desk, __________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
20. Creating an atmosphere ____________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.