2022届高考英语二轮复习：动词-ing形式、动词不定式与动词-ed形式作宾补的区别 学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：动词-ing形式、动词不定式与动词-ed形式作宾补的区别 学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-26 16:55:17 | ||
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动词-ing形式、动词不定式与动词-ed形式作宾补的区别
一、现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补表示动作当时正在进行，尚未结束，强调动作的发生过程或当时一段时间的状态。此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是主动的主谓关系。下列两类动词之后通常用现在分词作宾补。
1、表“感觉”的动词：see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。例如：
I heard Tom singing an English song in the next room.（汤姆正在唱一首英文歌歌。）
He looked around and caught a man_____________________the pocket of a passenger.他环顾四周，无意中发现一个人正把手伸进旅客的钱包。
He________________________in the hall, so he was fined heavily. 有人发现他在大厅里抽烟，结果被重罚。
如果宾语与宾补之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系，则要用v-ing形式的被动语态being done。如：
You will find the matter being talked about all over the town．你会发现城里到处都在谈论这件事。
The boy liked to watch the boats ________________________________being loaded and unloaded. 这男孩爱看轮船装卸货物。
You will find the matter _____________________________________being talked about all over the town．你会发现城里到处都在谈论这件事。
2、表“使役”的动词：have; keep; get; start; send; leave等。例如：
His letter left me _________________________feeling pretty bad．他的信使我感到相当难受。（指当时那段时间的状态。）
I’m sorry to keep you_______________________________________.waiting so long a time. 很抱歉让您久等了。 （指当时那段时间“等待”的状态。）
二、过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补，强调动作的完成和结果，此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是被动的主谓关系。它主要是用在下列三类动词之后。
表示“感觉”的动词，主要有see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。例如：
When they got there，they found the house burnt down．?（房子已经被“烧掉”，强调结果。）
I heard the song sung yesterday.（ 歌被人“唱”。）
表示“心理状态”的动词：like; think; expect; want; wish等。例如：
The waitress asked the American how he liked his steak cooked.
女服务员问那个美国人愿意怎么烹调牛排。（牛排被“烹调”。）
I wish my homework finished before five o’clock.. (作业被“完成”。)
表示“使役”的动词：have; get; leave; keep; make; order 等。
Don’t leave those things undone..要把那些事情做完。(事情被“做”。)
The teacher couldn’t make himself paid attention to because there was too much noise outside.
老师无法让（学生）集中注意力，因为外面太吵了。（指老师本人不能被学生“注意”。）
注意：
使役动词have, make, get, keep与leave后可跟不定式、-ing形式或-ed形式作宾补
[have+ 宾语+宾补]
①have + 宾语 + done (表被动) “请人做某事”或“宾语遭受损失”。= get +宾语+done
②have + 宾语 + do sth (表主动) “让某人做”，指一次性动作。
③have +宾语 + doing sth (+延续时间状语) 表主动,“使……处于反复进行的状态中”。
can’t have sb. doing 绝不允许某人做
I had a report written for the meeting. 我请人写了一份会议报告。
The film had us laughing from beginning to end.这部电影让我们从头笑到尾。
Don’t worry. I’ll have Jack help you with your work.
别急，我会让杰克帮你做这事。
[make + 宾语+宾补]
①make + 宾语 + done(understood, heard, known, surprised等) “使……被做”
②make + 宾语 + do “使……做某事”
Speak louder to make yourself heard.
[get+ 宾语+宾补]
①get + 宾语 + done “请人做某事”或“宾语遭受损失”= have + 宾语 + done
②get + 宾语 + to do “使……做某事”
③get + 宾语+ doing “使……发动，开始”
1. When are you going to get your hair cut
2. I’ll get him to do the work.
3. Can you get the old car going again
[keep / leave+ 宾语+宾补]
① keep / leave + 宾语 + doing sth．“使……保持继续进行的状态”，表主动。
② keep / leave 宾语 + done “使……继续保持被动的状态”，表被动。
③ leave + 宾语+ to do “使……去做某事”
1. She kept me waiting for half an hour.
2. We’ll keep you informed of how things are going with us.(让……了解)
3. We all went home, leaving him to finish the remaining task.
1. being loaded and unloaded．
三、动词不定式作宾补
在英语中有些动词要求接动词不定式作宾补。它表示该动作发生在谓语动词之后，属将要发生的动作。应注意如下几个方面：
带to的不定式作宾补。有这种用法的动词常见的有：ask; tell; get; wish; like; want; expect; prefer; enable; teach; know; understand; would like; cause; force; know; intend; permit; request; order; invite; encourage; warn; remind; oblige; forbid; challenge; drive等。例如：
Wei Fang asked me to go shopping with her.（“逛商场”这个动作发生在“叫”之后。）
Our teacher encouraged us to study harder.（“努力学习”发生在“鼓励：之后。）
注意：
1）当表示“见解、看法”的动词后带不定式作宾补时，其宾补形式通常是to be或to have done。这类词通常有：believe; consider; declare; discover; guess; declare; find; imagine; judge; feel (认为); suppose; think; understand等。例如：
I consider him to have done wrong.我认为他做错了。
Later, he discovered the story to be true.后来，他发现那个故事是真实。
2）某些短语动词后可带不定式作宾补。这类动词主要有arrange for; ask for; call on; count on; depend on; long for; rely on; wait for等。例如：
You can not count on Tom to help you. 别指望汤姆能够帮你。
I am waiting for you to reply. 我在等你的答复。
省to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有feel; hear; listen to; have; let; make; see; look at; notice; observe; watch这类动词后的宾补表示该动作已经结束或未来要发生的动作。应注意：在主动语态中省to，在被动语态中要to, 其中have没有被动式。例如：
We saw them play football yesterday. （表示看了“打足球”整个过程。在主动语态中省to。）
He was made to stand outside for two hours. （在被动语态中要加to。）
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一、现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补表示动作当时正在进行，尚未结束，强调动作的发生过程或当时一段时间的状态。此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是主动的主谓关系。下列两类动词之后通常用现在分词作宾补。
1、表“感觉”的动词：see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。例如：
I heard Tom singing an English song in the next room.（汤姆正在唱一首英文歌歌。）
He looked around and caught a man_____________________the pocket of a passenger.他环顾四周，无意中发现一个人正把手伸进旅客的钱包。
He________________________in the hall, so he was fined heavily. 有人发现他在大厅里抽烟，结果被重罚。
如果宾语与宾补之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系，则要用v-ing形式的被动语态being done。如：
You will find the matter being talked about all over the town．你会发现城里到处都在谈论这件事。
The boy liked to watch the boats ________________________________being loaded and unloaded. 这男孩爱看轮船装卸货物。
You will find the matter _____________________________________being talked about all over the town．你会发现城里到处都在谈论这件事。
2、表“使役”的动词：have; keep; get; start; send; leave等。例如：
His letter left me _________________________feeling pretty bad．他的信使我感到相当难受。（指当时那段时间的状态。）
I’m sorry to keep you_______________________________________.waiting so long a time. 很抱歉让您久等了。 （指当时那段时间“等待”的状态。）
二、过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补，强调动作的完成和结果，此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是被动的主谓关系。它主要是用在下列三类动词之后。
表示“感觉”的动词，主要有see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。例如：
When they got there，they found the house burnt down．?（房子已经被“烧掉”，强调结果。）
I heard the song sung yesterday.（ 歌被人“唱”。）
表示“心理状态”的动词：like; think; expect; want; wish等。例如：
The waitress asked the American how he liked his steak cooked.
女服务员问那个美国人愿意怎么烹调牛排。（牛排被“烹调”。）
I wish my homework finished before five o’clock.. (作业被“完成”。)
表示“使役”的动词：have; get; leave; keep; make; order 等。
Don’t leave those things undone..要把那些事情做完。(事情被“做”。)
The teacher couldn’t make himself paid attention to because there was too much noise outside.
老师无法让（学生）集中注意力，因为外面太吵了。（指老师本人不能被学生“注意”。）
注意：
使役动词have, make, get, keep与leave后可跟不定式、-ing形式或-ed形式作宾补
[have+ 宾语+宾补]
①have + 宾语 + done (表被动) “请人做某事”或“宾语遭受损失”。= get +宾语+done
②have + 宾语 + do sth (表主动) “让某人做”，指一次性动作。
③have +宾语 + doing sth (+延续时间状语) 表主动,“使……处于反复进行的状态中”。
can’t have sb. doing 绝不允许某人做
I had a report written for the meeting. 我请人写了一份会议报告。
The film had us laughing from beginning to end.这部电影让我们从头笑到尾。
Don’t worry. I’ll have Jack help you with your work.
别急，我会让杰克帮你做这事。
[make + 宾语+宾补]
①make + 宾语 + done(understood, heard, known, surprised等) “使……被做”
②make + 宾语 + do “使……做某事”
Speak louder to make yourself heard.
[get+ 宾语+宾补]
①get + 宾语 + done “请人做某事”或“宾语遭受损失”= have + 宾语 + done
②get + 宾语 + to do “使……做某事”
③get + 宾语+ doing “使……发动，开始”
1. When are you going to get your hair cut
2. I’ll get him to do the work.
3. Can you get the old car going again
[keep / leave+ 宾语+宾补]
① keep / leave + 宾语 + doing sth．“使……保持继续进行的状态”，表主动。
② keep / leave 宾语 + done “使……继续保持被动的状态”，表被动。
③ leave + 宾语+ to do “使……去做某事”
1. She kept me waiting for half an hour.
2. We’ll keep you informed of how things are going with us.(让……了解)
3. We all went home, leaving him to finish the remaining task.
1. being loaded and unloaded．
三、动词不定式作宾补
在英语中有些动词要求接动词不定式作宾补。它表示该动作发生在谓语动词之后，属将要发生的动作。应注意如下几个方面：
带to的不定式作宾补。有这种用法的动词常见的有：ask; tell; get; wish; like; want; expect; prefer; enable; teach; know; understand; would like; cause; force; know; intend; permit; request; order; invite; encourage; warn; remind; oblige; forbid; challenge; drive等。例如：
Wei Fang asked me to go shopping with her.（“逛商场”这个动作发生在“叫”之后。）
Our teacher encouraged us to study harder.（“努力学习”发生在“鼓励：之后。）
注意：
1）当表示“见解、看法”的动词后带不定式作宾补时，其宾补形式通常是to be或to have done。这类词通常有：believe; consider; declare; discover; guess; declare; find; imagine; judge; feel (认为); suppose; think; understand等。例如：
I consider him to have done wrong.我认为他做错了。
Later, he discovered the story to be true.后来，他发现那个故事是真实。
2）某些短语动词后可带不定式作宾补。这类动词主要有arrange for; ask for; call on; count on; depend on; long for; rely on; wait for等。例如：
You can not count on Tom to help you. 别指望汤姆能够帮你。
I am waiting for you to reply. 我在等你的答复。
省to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有feel; hear; listen to; have; let; make; see; look at; notice; observe; watch这类动词后的宾补表示该动作已经结束或未来要发生的动作。应注意：在主动语态中省to，在被动语态中要to, 其中have没有被动式。例如：
We saw them play football yesterday. （表示看了“打足球”整个过程。在主动语态中省to。）
He was made to stand outside for two hours. （在被动语态中要加to。）
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