2021-2022学年上海市松江二中高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（Word版含答案，无听力试题）
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上海市松江二中2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Fill in the blanks. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A Venturing Pilot
Charles Lindberg born in December Michigan was raised on a farm in Minnesota, where his father (21) ________(elect) to the U.S. Congress in 1907. From then on, he spent his boyhood alternatively in Washington D.C. and Little Falls, Minnesota. (22)________ Lindbergh exhibited exceptional mechanical talent, in 1921, he was admitted to the University of Wisconsin to study engineering. (23)________(seek) more challenges, he left university before graduation and became a pilot, who performed exciting flight show at country fairs and public assemblies. This unusual and dangerous undertaking paid off so greatly in the sense that it allowed him to gain all-round experience in flying. He was particularly delighted in (24)________he called “wing-walking” and parachute jumping.
(25)________(train) in air service for a year, Lindberg completed his program at the Brooks and Kelly airfields at the top of his class. He was offered a job in Robertson Aircraft Corporation of St. Louis in Missouri where he kept his job (26)__________1927, running the routes between St Louis and Chicago. During this period, he set out to win the Raymond B, Orteig prize of $25,000 to be awarded to the first pilot (27)__________(fly) nonstop from New York to Paris. He knew this ambitious flight (28)__________(change) his life.
On board the greatest adventure of his time, Lindberg left Roosevelt Airport at 5:52 a.m. on May 20, 1927 and landed at Le Bourget Field at 5:24 p.m. the next day. Fearing that he would be unknown when he arrived, Lindberg carried letters of introduction to the officials in Paris, but when his plane came to a stop, he found himself (29)__________(crowd) with welcoming people. He was decorated in France, Great Britain, and Belgium. President Coolidge sent a specially designated cruiser, the Memphis to bring him back. His accomplishments in flying brought (30)__________ more medals and awards that had ever been received than any other person in private life.
Section B
Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. advanced B. concerns C. governance D. data E. determined F. track G. identify H. precautions I. Leading J. technological K. transform
The Rise of the Smart City
The information revolution is changing the way cities are run and the lives of its residents. Cities have a long way to go before they can be considered geniuses. But they're getting smart pretty fast.
In just the past few years，mayors and other officials in cities across the country have begun to draw on 31. _______about income，traffic, fires，illness，parking tickets and more－to handle many of the problems of urban life. Whether it's making it easier for residents to find parking places, or giving smoke alarms to the households that are most likely to suffer fatal fires，big-data technologies are beginning to 32. _______the way cities work.
Cities have just scratched the surface in using data to improve operations，but big changes are already under way in 33. _______smart cities，says Stephen Goldsmith，a professor of government and director of the Innovations in Government Program at the Harvard Kennedy School.“In terms of city 34. _______we are at one of the most consequential periods in the last century,” he says.
Although cities have been using data in various forms for decades，the modern practice of civic analytics（民情分析） has only begun to take off past few years，thanks to the 35. _______changes. Among them：the growth of cloud computing, which dramatically lowers the costs of storing information；new developments in machine learning, which put 36. _______analytical tools，in the hand of city officials；the Internet and the rise of inexpensive sensors that can keep 37. _______of vast amount of information such as traffic or air pollution；and the widespread use of smart phone apps and mobile devices that enable citizens and city workers alike to monitor problems and feed information about them back to city hall.
All this data collection raises understandable privacy 38. _______. Most cities have policies designed to safeguard citizen privacy and prevent the release of information that might 39. _______ any one individual. In theory，anyway. Widespread use of sensors and video can also present privacy risks unless 40. _______are taken. The technology “is forcing cities to face questions of privacy that they haven't had to face before,” says Ben Green, a fellow at Harvard's BerkmanKlein Center for Internet and Society and lead author of a recent report on open-data privacy.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions:
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Nature Therapy
We need the tonic of wildness... At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be indefinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable. We can never have enough of nature.
--Thoreau
One major difference between our current lifestyle and those of our evolutionary past is an increasing 41 from natural settings with increased urbanization. But does this change have a major impact on our mental health 42 , a remedy for ill health or low spirits, if the means were available, would be to send someone to the quiet of the country or seashore and away from the bustle of city. The popularity of vacations to beautiful national parks, camping, outward bound, and even breaks for a picturesque walk in a 43 greenspace to clear the mind would speak to some empirical (经验主义) 44 that nature does soothe the savage beast. And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashed-off prescription (处方) for a(n) 45 .
We are now far 46 from the natural world of our ancestors...more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to > 70% by 2050). Increased urbanization is associated with increased levels of mental illness, particularly anxiety and depression. Growing up in a natural setting is relevant to a less 47 stress response, and exposure to greenspace 48 relates to a positive effect on well-being in a large two-decade study. Images and sounds of a natural environment can decrease stress in people exposed to negative stimuli. A large survey of mental health and neighborhood greenspace in Wisconsin showed significant correlation between the 49 of nature and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure, relaxation, and well-being. But how does exposure to green space help us 50 , exactly
Dr. Gregory Bratman’s group at Stanford has published a couple of paper following a small group of healthy volunteers told to have a 5 kilometers walk in the San Francisco Bay area. Half walked along a busy street while the other half went for a/an 51 walk. The nature walk compared to walk along a busy street. Later, the same researchers did MRIs and measured blood flow in brain areas of healthy people who went on a 90 minute walk in the same urban vs. More natural setting. They found that the nature walkers had 52 activity in a particular brain region, the subgenual prefrontal cortex. This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders.
So there we have it in a world and environment where our brains are working overtime and we think and roll over ideas and worry, 53 to nature seems to get us out of our heads, with likely positive benefits. In the hyper-urban world to come, designing accessible, safe 54 may help the mental health of the population, and preserving our natural landscapes to be enjoyed by our descendants will continue to be a national must. 55 , a prescription for a nice weekend hike could have some real measurable brain benefits.
41. A. resistance B. isolation C. interruption D. distance
42. A. Currently B. Generally C. Historically D. Fortunately
43. A. local B. imposing C. fascinating D. standard
44. A. assistance B. evidence C. belief D. approach
45. A. cycling B. swimming C. adventure D. hike
46. A. removed B. rid C. driven D. dropped
47. A. slight B. severe C. similar D. negative
48. A. dominantly B. lively C. merely D. significantly
49. A. exposure B. link C. availability D. necessity
50. A. tolerate B. unwind C. swing D. resolve
51. A. casual B. earnest C. upright D. scenic
52. A. reduced B. increased C. intensified D. balanced
53. A. responses B. contribution C. approach D. exposure
54. A. communities B. transportations C. greenspaces D. facilities
55. A. In a word B. For instance C. In the meantime D. In particular
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Stonehenge (巨石阵)may have been a prehistoric health center rather than a site for observing stars. or s temple in honor of the dead, scientists said yesterday. New evidence unearthed at the World Heritage Site in more than 40 years suggests that the monument was a place where the diseased and injured went in groups, seeking cures.
After a two-week dig, scientists have concluded that Stonehenge was "the ancient healthcare centre of southern England" because of the existence of bluestones"--the smaller columns of dolerite (辉绿岩) that formed an earlier stone structure.
By dating pieces of remains to around 7330 BC, Tim Darvill, of Bournemouth University. and Goff wainwright, of the Society of Amtiquaries have found that hunter-gatherers were at the site on Salisbury Plain 4,000 years earlier than thought. The first stage of Stonehenge, a round earthwork structure, was built around 3000 BC. Professor Wainwright added: “ I did not expect the degree of complexity we discovered. we're able to say so much more about when Stonehenge was built and why---all of which changes our previous understanding of the monument."
The research reveals the importance of the henge's famous bluestones. Hundreds of bluestone chips gathered at the site have led the team to conclude that the bluestones were valued for their curing effects---the key reason that about 80 of them, each weighing up to 4 tons and a half, were dragged more than 150 miles from the Preseli Hills to Wiltshire. After years of research, Professors Darvill and Wainwright have concluded that, for thousands of years, the Preseli mountain range was home to magical health centers and holy wells.
Even today there are those who believe in the curing powers of the springs for coughs and heart disease, and people who use crystals and bluestones for self-curing. Radiocarbon tests have also revealed that the construction of the original bluestone circle took place around 2300BC three centuries later than originally thought. Interestingly, on the same day died the “Amesbury Archer"---a sick traveler from the Swiss or German Alps who had an infected knee---whose remains were discovered about five miles from Stonehenge. The professors believe that he was a devoted religious person who was hoping to benefit from the curing powers of the monument.
56. Stonehenge is recently believed to be a place for people_____
A. to recover from poor health B. to observe star movements
C. to hold religious ceremonies D. to gather huge bluestones
57. What can be inferred about Stonehenge from the passage
A. The springs could cure coughs and heart disease best.
B. The new discovery was the same as what had been expected
C. some huge bluestones were not produced at Stonehenge.
D. The original bluestone circle was thought to be constructed around 2000Bc
58. The sick traveler in the passage is supposed to be _____
A. a devoted religious person from Stonehenge
B.one of the earliest discoverers of Stonehenge
C. the first explorer to test the magical power of bluestones
D. a patient trying to cure his infection at Stonehenge
59. Which the following might be the best title for the passage
A. Stonehenge: A New Place of Interest
B. Stonehenge: Still Making News
C. Stonehenge: Heaven for Adventurers
D. Stonehenge: Still Curing Patients
(B)
Shakespeare's Globe Theatre and Exhibition Tour
Overview
Shakespeare's Globe Exhibition is the world's largest exhibition devoted to Shakespeare. Located beneath the reconstructed Globe Theatre on London's Bankside, the exhibition explores the remarkable story of the Globe, and brings Shakespeare's world to life using a range of interactive displays and live demonstrations.
Highlights
Tour the reconstructed Globe Theatre and see how plays were staged in Shakespeare's day
All-day access to the interactive Globe Exhibition
Actors, recordings and interactive displays bring Shakespeare's world to life
Schedule
April 23 to October 9
9:00am to 5:00pm. On Monday, tours run all day. Tuesday to Saturday, last tour departs at12:30pm and at 11:30am on Sunday due to performances taking place on these days.
October 10 to March 31
10:00am to 5:00pm.
Important note:
Rehearsals (排练) will also take place throughout the Theatre Season. Please note that access to the Globe Theatre may be restricted and there may be occasions when the Globe tours are unable to run. When the Globe tours are not available, Rose or Bankside tours can be offered instead.
Additional info
Inclusions: Entrance fee and all day access to Exhibition
Guided tour of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre (maximum 50 people)
Exclusions: Hotel pickup and drop off
Food and drinks, unless specified
Pricing
Click the link below to check pricing & availability on your preferred travel date. Our pricing is constantly updated to ensure you always receive the lowest price possible - we 100% guarantee it.
VIEW PRICING AND AVAILABLE
Theatre Tour and Exhibition Shakespeare's Globe Theatre Tour and Exhibition $22.34
Theatre Tour and Afternoon Tea Shakespeare's Globe Theatre Tour and Exhibition plus Afternoon Tea at 3:00pm in the Swan Brasserie or Bar S62.89
60. The passage can be found_______
A. in a newspaper B. in a magazine
C. on the internet D. in a guidebook
61. In this Shakespeare's Globe Theatre Tour, we can______
A. visit the original Globe Theatre
B. enjoy a British afternoon tea for free
C. experience Shakespeare's world in an interactive way
D. watch the rehearsals in the Globe Theatre
62. What is true about the tour according to the passage
A. Rehearsals may affect the tour.
B. The pricing remains the same.
C. Performances take place throughout the year.
D. The opening hours are the same in May and in November
(C)
We all have a tendency to fake laugh, particularly when authority figures in our lives try to make a joke that just doesn't land. Though it might feel rude not to laugh when your in-laws or boss try to say something funny, pretending to do so might not be much better. it turns out, even if you think that your forced laughing sounds genuine, people are usually pretty good at separating truly spirited belly laughs from fake ones. But how can they possibly know the difference
Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles. Studied the acoustic (听觉的) and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found out some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to take." In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were only fooled by 37 percent of fake laughter
The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration - or more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds, As it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend jo pause more in between their "ha-ha's" when they're faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty noticeable.
“A fake laugh is basically an imitation of a real laugh, but produced with a slightly different set of vocal muscles controlled by a different part of our brain. Greg Bryant. the lead UCLA researcher on the study, explained. “The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them"
People have also proven to be emotionally sensitive to laughter as well. "Our brains are very sensitive to the social and emotional significance of laughter,” said Carolyn McGettigan, scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London
McGettigan conducted a 2014 study that recorded participants’ brain responses as they listened to the same people produce genuine laughter by watching funny videos, as opposed to fake laughter. “During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person's emotional and mental state," she said.
So, while we may understand that certain social situations sometimes require fake laughter most of the time, our instincts and emotional intelligence are just too smart to buy into them
According to MeGettigan, that's a good thing. Evolutionarily speaking, it's good to.be able to detect if someone is authentically experiencing-an. emotion. or if they’re not,” she said Because you don't want to be fooled."
63. What do researchers at the University of California want to find out in this study
A. what is the difference between a fake laugh and a real one.
B. Which part of the brain controls the sound of our laughter
C. Why do people need to fake laugh when they don't want to.
D. How to laugh as genuinely as possible when you are faking it.
64. Your forced laughing is more noticeable than you think, mainly because _____
A. you seem more concentrated when you laugh for real
B. you take more breaths when you try to fake a laugh
C. a fake laugh often happens after a sudden pause
D. a real laugh usually lasts longer then a fake one
65. Which of the following is true according to Greg Bryant
A. Real laughter is not at all controllable by our brain.
B. People may notice fake laughter without knowing why.
C. People use the same set of muscles to laugh and to speak
D. faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech
66. What has Carolyn McGettigan's 2014 study proven
A. Certain social situations may require us to fake a laugh
B. Evolution has enabled us to recognize other's emotions
C. By instincts, we are able to tell a person's mental state.
D. We can sense other's emotional state when they laugh
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. In fact, coffee beans in each region have different taste character. B. Luwak has the habit and ability to choose the best quality coffee fruit, so this animal will eat fruit with good seeds. C. Not everyone can appreciate this drink. D. Some breeding areas even open a civet coffee cafe so that visitors can enjoy the most expensive coffee immediately after baking. E. There are three main factors that make Indonesian Luwak coffee more expensive than coffee in general. F. What is the actual production process of civet coffee
Luwak Coffee Indonesia
Luwak coffee is one of the most expensive coffees in the world, because it has extraordinary value and its availability is very rare. Indonesian Luwak coffee, or civet (麝香猫) coffee, sells well and is very popular with coffee lovers because it is considered to have a smooth and friendly taste in the stomach.
___67____Many are disgusted with the basic ingredients that come from animal feces (粪便). Because of this, these drinks also get bad nicknames in various countries. Even so, the Indonesian Luwak coffee industry seems uninterrupted and still sells well at high prices.
___68___ These three factors-are a long production process, the amount of harvest that is not as large as ordinary coffee beans, and the taste of coffee that is not thick.
Initially, this drink was discovered by local people who are curious about the taste of coffee. They find seeds that are still complete in the feces of a cat-like animal, so they process seeds from the dirt, bake, then make a drink The enjoyment of this drink is heard by the Dutch government. They then collect and sell Indonesian civet coffee at very high prices.
The process begins when coffee plants enter the harvest period. Fruit that is ready for harvest will begin to turn reddish. ___69 _____the fruit eaten will be digested by this animal, strangely the digestion of this animal cannot destroy the layer of coffee. The dirt or feces from the civets will later be collected to be cleaned.
After cleaning, the next process is roasting. The roasting process is only up to the medium roast level. The reason is to maintain a unique sense of character. The roasted seeds are then packaged in whole beans or powder for sale.___70___
V. Summary Writing
Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
E-learning：Hazy Past--Better Future
How much of an effect does technology have on students' learning A significant one，it seems，according to experts. Currently available technologies，the most important of which are computers and the Internet，apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I'm afraid.
Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are，of course，obstacles like costs to overcome，but it's just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organization does when it sees an innovation-it applies the innovation to its existing model，which adds cost but doesn't transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period，spent over $60 billion on them，but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting，it does not matter what，if any，equipment is used.
However，change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don't have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore，in a few years' time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning.
V. Translation
Directions：Translate the following sentences into English using the words given in the brackets.
72. 书里夹着张纸条，上面写着“功在不舍”。(consist)
73. 船长突然想到，他忘记提醒船员们集合时间了。(occur)
74. 人们往往倾向于在久坐时弯腰佝背，应该要注意坐姿以防背部受伤。(tend)
75. 通过志愿者服务与奉献，年轻人们在成长中能有所作为，也得到了机会去珍视生活中真正重要的东西。(difference)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 150-180 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
校园报本期开设了志愿者故事专栏，正在向同学们征稿，请分享你的志愿者经历或故事，并谈谈收获与感悟。
参考答案
语法填空：
21. was elected 22. Because/As 23.to seek 24.what 25. Having been trained/Trained 26. until 27. to fly 28. Would change 29. was crowded 30. him
十一选十：
31-40. DKICJ AFBGH
完型填空：
41-44. BACBD 46-50. ABDCB 51-55. DADCA
阅读理解：
56-59. ACDB 60-62. CCA 63-66. ACDD 67-70. CEBD
翻译：(略)
概要：Although experts say modern technology has a significant effect on classroom learning，the writer holds a different view. Schools have invested much to apply computers in their classroom teaching，but it hasn't changed the classroom teaching because what teachers teach is more important. But computers make it possible for those with no access to school to study on their own.
写作：(略)
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Fill in the blanks. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A Venturing Pilot
Charles Lindberg born in December Michigan was raised on a farm in Minnesota, where his father (21) ________(elect) to the U.S. Congress in 1907. From then on, he spent his boyhood alternatively in Washington D.C. and Little Falls, Minnesota. (22)________ Lindbergh exhibited exceptional mechanical talent, in 1921, he was admitted to the University of Wisconsin to study engineering. (23)________(seek) more challenges, he left university before graduation and became a pilot, who performed exciting flight show at country fairs and public assemblies. This unusual and dangerous undertaking paid off so greatly in the sense that it allowed him to gain all-round experience in flying. He was particularly delighted in (24)________he called “wing-walking” and parachute jumping.
(25)________(train) in air service for a year, Lindberg completed his program at the Brooks and Kelly airfields at the top of his class. He was offered a job in Robertson Aircraft Corporation of St. Louis in Missouri where he kept his job (26)__________1927, running the routes between St Louis and Chicago. During this period, he set out to win the Raymond B, Orteig prize of $25,000 to be awarded to the first pilot (27)__________(fly) nonstop from New York to Paris. He knew this ambitious flight (28)__________(change) his life.
On board the greatest adventure of his time, Lindberg left Roosevelt Airport at 5:52 a.m. on May 20, 1927 and landed at Le Bourget Field at 5:24 p.m. the next day. Fearing that he would be unknown when he arrived, Lindberg carried letters of introduction to the officials in Paris, but when his plane came to a stop, he found himself (29)__________(crowd) with welcoming people. He was decorated in France, Great Britain, and Belgium. President Coolidge sent a specially designated cruiser, the Memphis to bring him back. His accomplishments in flying brought (30)__________ more medals and awards that had ever been received than any other person in private life.
Section B
Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. advanced B. concerns C. governance D. data E. determined F. track G. identify H. precautions I. Leading J. technological K. transform
The Rise of the Smart City
The information revolution is changing the way cities are run and the lives of its residents. Cities have a long way to go before they can be considered geniuses. But they're getting smart pretty fast.
In just the past few years，mayors and other officials in cities across the country have begun to draw on 31. _______about income，traffic, fires，illness，parking tickets and more－to handle many of the problems of urban life. Whether it's making it easier for residents to find parking places, or giving smoke alarms to the households that are most likely to suffer fatal fires，big-data technologies are beginning to 32. _______the way cities work.
Cities have just scratched the surface in using data to improve operations，but big changes are already under way in 33. _______smart cities，says Stephen Goldsmith，a professor of government and director of the Innovations in Government Program at the Harvard Kennedy School.“In terms of city 34. _______we are at one of the most consequential periods in the last century,” he says.
Although cities have been using data in various forms for decades，the modern practice of civic analytics（民情分析） has only begun to take off past few years，thanks to the 35. _______changes. Among them：the growth of cloud computing, which dramatically lowers the costs of storing information；new developments in machine learning, which put 36. _______analytical tools，in the hand of city officials；the Internet and the rise of inexpensive sensors that can keep 37. _______of vast amount of information such as traffic or air pollution；and the widespread use of smart phone apps and mobile devices that enable citizens and city workers alike to monitor problems and feed information about them back to city hall.
All this data collection raises understandable privacy 38. _______. Most cities have policies designed to safeguard citizen privacy and prevent the release of information that might 39. _______ any one individual. In theory，anyway. Widespread use of sensors and video can also present privacy risks unless 40. _______are taken. The technology “is forcing cities to face questions of privacy that they haven't had to face before,” says Ben Green, a fellow at Harvard's BerkmanKlein Center for Internet and Society and lead author of a recent report on open-data privacy.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions:
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Nature Therapy
We need the tonic of wildness... At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be indefinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable. We can never have enough of nature.
--Thoreau
One major difference between our current lifestyle and those of our evolutionary past is an increasing 41 from natural settings with increased urbanization. But does this change have a major impact on our mental health 42 , a remedy for ill health or low spirits, if the means were available, would be to send someone to the quiet of the country or seashore and away from the bustle of city. The popularity of vacations to beautiful national parks, camping, outward bound, and even breaks for a picturesque walk in a 43 greenspace to clear the mind would speak to some empirical (经验主义) 44 that nature does soothe the savage beast. And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashed-off prescription (处方) for a(n) 45 .
We are now far 46 from the natural world of our ancestors...more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to > 70% by 2050). Increased urbanization is associated with increased levels of mental illness, particularly anxiety and depression. Growing up in a natural setting is relevant to a less 47 stress response, and exposure to greenspace 48 relates to a positive effect on well-being in a large two-decade study. Images and sounds of a natural environment can decrease stress in people exposed to negative stimuli. A large survey of mental health and neighborhood greenspace in Wisconsin showed significant correlation between the 49 of nature and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure, relaxation, and well-being. But how does exposure to green space help us 50 , exactly
Dr. Gregory Bratman’s group at Stanford has published a couple of paper following a small group of healthy volunteers told to have a 5 kilometers walk in the San Francisco Bay area. Half walked along a busy street while the other half went for a/an 51 walk. The nature walk compared to walk along a busy street. Later, the same researchers did MRIs and measured blood flow in brain areas of healthy people who went on a 90 minute walk in the same urban vs. More natural setting. They found that the nature walkers had 52 activity in a particular brain region, the subgenual prefrontal cortex. This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders.
So there we have it in a world and environment where our brains are working overtime and we think and roll over ideas and worry, 53 to nature seems to get us out of our heads, with likely positive benefits. In the hyper-urban world to come, designing accessible, safe 54 may help the mental health of the population, and preserving our natural landscapes to be enjoyed by our descendants will continue to be a national must. 55 , a prescription for a nice weekend hike could have some real measurable brain benefits.
41. A. resistance B. isolation C. interruption D. distance
42. A. Currently B. Generally C. Historically D. Fortunately
43. A. local B. imposing C. fascinating D. standard
44. A. assistance B. evidence C. belief D. approach
45. A. cycling B. swimming C. adventure D. hike
46. A. removed B. rid C. driven D. dropped
47. A. slight B. severe C. similar D. negative
48. A. dominantly B. lively C. merely D. significantly
49. A. exposure B. link C. availability D. necessity
50. A. tolerate B. unwind C. swing D. resolve
51. A. casual B. earnest C. upright D. scenic
52. A. reduced B. increased C. intensified D. balanced
53. A. responses B. contribution C. approach D. exposure
54. A. communities B. transportations C. greenspaces D. facilities
55. A. In a word B. For instance C. In the meantime D. In particular
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Stonehenge (巨石阵)may have been a prehistoric health center rather than a site for observing stars. or s temple in honor of the dead, scientists said yesterday. New evidence unearthed at the World Heritage Site in more than 40 years suggests that the monument was a place where the diseased and injured went in groups, seeking cures.
After a two-week dig, scientists have concluded that Stonehenge was "the ancient healthcare centre of southern England" because of the existence of bluestones"--the smaller columns of dolerite (辉绿岩) that formed an earlier stone structure.
By dating pieces of remains to around 7330 BC, Tim Darvill, of Bournemouth University. and Goff wainwright, of the Society of Amtiquaries have found that hunter-gatherers were at the site on Salisbury Plain 4,000 years earlier than thought. The first stage of Stonehenge, a round earthwork structure, was built around 3000 BC. Professor Wainwright added: “ I did not expect the degree of complexity we discovered. we're able to say so much more about when Stonehenge was built and why---all of which changes our previous understanding of the monument."
The research reveals the importance of the henge's famous bluestones. Hundreds of bluestone chips gathered at the site have led the team to conclude that the bluestones were valued for their curing effects---the key reason that about 80 of them, each weighing up to 4 tons and a half, were dragged more than 150 miles from the Preseli Hills to Wiltshire. After years of research, Professors Darvill and Wainwright have concluded that, for thousands of years, the Preseli mountain range was home to magical health centers and holy wells.
Even today there are those who believe in the curing powers of the springs for coughs and heart disease, and people who use crystals and bluestones for self-curing. Radiocarbon tests have also revealed that the construction of the original bluestone circle took place around 2300BC three centuries later than originally thought. Interestingly, on the same day died the “Amesbury Archer"---a sick traveler from the Swiss or German Alps who had an infected knee---whose remains were discovered about five miles from Stonehenge. The professors believe that he was a devoted religious person who was hoping to benefit from the curing powers of the monument.
56. Stonehenge is recently believed to be a place for people_____
A. to recover from poor health B. to observe star movements
C. to hold religious ceremonies D. to gather huge bluestones
57. What can be inferred about Stonehenge from the passage
A. The springs could cure coughs and heart disease best.
B. The new discovery was the same as what had been expected
C. some huge bluestones were not produced at Stonehenge.
D. The original bluestone circle was thought to be constructed around 2000Bc
58. The sick traveler in the passage is supposed to be _____
A. a devoted religious person from Stonehenge
B.one of the earliest discoverers of Stonehenge
C. the first explorer to test the magical power of bluestones
D. a patient trying to cure his infection at Stonehenge
59. Which the following might be the best title for the passage
A. Stonehenge: A New Place of Interest
B. Stonehenge: Still Making News
C. Stonehenge: Heaven for Adventurers
D. Stonehenge: Still Curing Patients
(B)
Shakespeare's Globe Theatre and Exhibition Tour
Overview
Shakespeare's Globe Exhibition is the world's largest exhibition devoted to Shakespeare. Located beneath the reconstructed Globe Theatre on London's Bankside, the exhibition explores the remarkable story of the Globe, and brings Shakespeare's world to life using a range of interactive displays and live demonstrations.
Highlights
Tour the reconstructed Globe Theatre and see how plays were staged in Shakespeare's day
All-day access to the interactive Globe Exhibition
Actors, recordings and interactive displays bring Shakespeare's world to life
Schedule
April 23 to October 9
9:00am to 5:00pm. On Monday, tours run all day. Tuesday to Saturday, last tour departs at12:30pm and at 11:30am on Sunday due to performances taking place on these days.
October 10 to March 31
10:00am to 5:00pm.
Important note:
Rehearsals (排练) will also take place throughout the Theatre Season. Please note that access to the Globe Theatre may be restricted and there may be occasions when the Globe tours are unable to run. When the Globe tours are not available, Rose or Bankside tours can be offered instead.
Additional info
Inclusions: Entrance fee and all day access to Exhibition
Guided tour of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre (maximum 50 people)
Exclusions: Hotel pickup and drop off
Food and drinks, unless specified
Pricing
Click the link below to check pricing & availability on your preferred travel date. Our pricing is constantly updated to ensure you always receive the lowest price possible - we 100% guarantee it.
VIEW PRICING AND AVAILABLE
Theatre Tour and Exhibition Shakespeare's Globe Theatre Tour and Exhibition $22.34
Theatre Tour and Afternoon Tea Shakespeare's Globe Theatre Tour and Exhibition plus Afternoon Tea at 3:00pm in the Swan Brasserie or Bar S62.89
60. The passage can be found_______
A. in a newspaper B. in a magazine
C. on the internet D. in a guidebook
61. In this Shakespeare's Globe Theatre Tour, we can______
A. visit the original Globe Theatre
B. enjoy a British afternoon tea for free
C. experience Shakespeare's world in an interactive way
D. watch the rehearsals in the Globe Theatre
62. What is true about the tour according to the passage
A. Rehearsals may affect the tour.
B. The pricing remains the same.
C. Performances take place throughout the year.
D. The opening hours are the same in May and in November
(C)
We all have a tendency to fake laugh, particularly when authority figures in our lives try to make a joke that just doesn't land. Though it might feel rude not to laugh when your in-laws or boss try to say something funny, pretending to do so might not be much better. it turns out, even if you think that your forced laughing sounds genuine, people are usually pretty good at separating truly spirited belly laughs from fake ones. But how can they possibly know the difference
Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles. Studied the acoustic (听觉的) and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found out some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to take." In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were only fooled by 37 percent of fake laughter
The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration - or more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds, As it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend jo pause more in between their "ha-ha's" when they're faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty noticeable.
“A fake laugh is basically an imitation of a real laugh, but produced with a slightly different set of vocal muscles controlled by a different part of our brain. Greg Bryant. the lead UCLA researcher on the study, explained. “The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them"
People have also proven to be emotionally sensitive to laughter as well. "Our brains are very sensitive to the social and emotional significance of laughter,” said Carolyn McGettigan, scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London
McGettigan conducted a 2014 study that recorded participants’ brain responses as they listened to the same people produce genuine laughter by watching funny videos, as opposed to fake laughter. “During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person's emotional and mental state," she said.
So, while we may understand that certain social situations sometimes require fake laughter most of the time, our instincts and emotional intelligence are just too smart to buy into them
According to MeGettigan, that's a good thing. Evolutionarily speaking, it's good to.be able to detect if someone is authentically experiencing-an. emotion. or if they’re not,” she said Because you don't want to be fooled."
63. What do researchers at the University of California want to find out in this study
A. what is the difference between a fake laugh and a real one.
B. Which part of the brain controls the sound of our laughter
C. Why do people need to fake laugh when they don't want to.
D. How to laugh as genuinely as possible when you are faking it.
64. Your forced laughing is more noticeable than you think, mainly because _____
A. you seem more concentrated when you laugh for real
B. you take more breaths when you try to fake a laugh
C. a fake laugh often happens after a sudden pause
D. a real laugh usually lasts longer then a fake one
65. Which of the following is true according to Greg Bryant
A. Real laughter is not at all controllable by our brain.
B. People may notice fake laughter without knowing why.
C. People use the same set of muscles to laugh and to speak
D. faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech
66. What has Carolyn McGettigan's 2014 study proven
A. Certain social situations may require us to fake a laugh
B. Evolution has enabled us to recognize other's emotions
C. By instincts, we are able to tell a person's mental state.
D. We can sense other's emotional state when they laugh
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. In fact, coffee beans in each region have different taste character. B. Luwak has the habit and ability to choose the best quality coffee fruit, so this animal will eat fruit with good seeds. C. Not everyone can appreciate this drink. D. Some breeding areas even open a civet coffee cafe so that visitors can enjoy the most expensive coffee immediately after baking. E. There are three main factors that make Indonesian Luwak coffee more expensive than coffee in general. F. What is the actual production process of civet coffee
Luwak Coffee Indonesia
Luwak coffee is one of the most expensive coffees in the world, because it has extraordinary value and its availability is very rare. Indonesian Luwak coffee, or civet (麝香猫) coffee, sells well and is very popular with coffee lovers because it is considered to have a smooth and friendly taste in the stomach.
___67____Many are disgusted with the basic ingredients that come from animal feces (粪便). Because of this, these drinks also get bad nicknames in various countries. Even so, the Indonesian Luwak coffee industry seems uninterrupted and still sells well at high prices.
___68___ These three factors-are a long production process, the amount of harvest that is not as large as ordinary coffee beans, and the taste of coffee that is not thick.
Initially, this drink was discovered by local people who are curious about the taste of coffee. They find seeds that are still complete in the feces of a cat-like animal, so they process seeds from the dirt, bake, then make a drink The enjoyment of this drink is heard by the Dutch government. They then collect and sell Indonesian civet coffee at very high prices.
The process begins when coffee plants enter the harvest period. Fruit that is ready for harvest will begin to turn reddish. ___69 _____the fruit eaten will be digested by this animal, strangely the digestion of this animal cannot destroy the layer of coffee. The dirt or feces from the civets will later be collected to be cleaned.
After cleaning, the next process is roasting. The roasting process is only up to the medium roast level. The reason is to maintain a unique sense of character. The roasted seeds are then packaged in whole beans or powder for sale.___70___
V. Summary Writing
Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
E-learning：Hazy Past--Better Future
How much of an effect does technology have on students' learning A significant one，it seems，according to experts. Currently available technologies，the most important of which are computers and the Internet，apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I'm afraid.
Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are，of course，obstacles like costs to overcome，but it's just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organization does when it sees an innovation-it applies the innovation to its existing model，which adds cost but doesn't transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period，spent over $60 billion on them，but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting，it does not matter what，if any，equipment is used.
However，change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don't have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore，in a few years' time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning.
V. Translation
Directions：Translate the following sentences into English using the words given in the brackets.
72. 书里夹着张纸条，上面写着“功在不舍”。(consist)
73. 船长突然想到，他忘记提醒船员们集合时间了。(occur)
74. 人们往往倾向于在久坐时弯腰佝背，应该要注意坐姿以防背部受伤。(tend)
75. 通过志愿者服务与奉献，年轻人们在成长中能有所作为，也得到了机会去珍视生活中真正重要的东西。(difference)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 150-180 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
校园报本期开设了志愿者故事专栏，正在向同学们征稿，请分享你的志愿者经历或故事，并谈谈收获与感悟。
参考答案
语法填空：
21. was elected 22. Because/As 23.to seek 24.what 25. Having been trained/Trained 26. until 27. to fly 28. Would change 29. was crowded 30. him
十一选十：
31-40. DKICJ AFBGH
完型填空：
41-44. BACBD 46-50. ABDCB 51-55. DADCA
阅读理解：
56-59. ACDB 60-62. CCA 63-66. ACDD 67-70. CEBD
翻译：(略)
概要：Although experts say modern technology has a significant effect on classroom learning，the writer holds a different view. Schools have invested much to apply computers in their classroom teaching，but it hasn't changed the classroom teaching because what teachers teach is more important. But computers make it possible for those with no access to school to study on their own.
写作：(略)
同课章节目录