(共30张PPT)
Unit 5 Languages around the world
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教版（2019） 必修一
Lead in
Can you sing the song and translate the lyric
《黄种人》
从来没有医不好的伤。
There is never a wound that cannot be cured.《黄种人》
Lead in
Can you sing the song and translate the lyric
《小薇》
有一个美丽的小女孩,她的名字叫做小薇。
There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiaowei.
Lead in
Can you sing the song and translate the lyric
《睫毛弯弯》
大风吹吹什么,吹一见钟情的人。
The strong wind is blowing at those who fall inlove at the first sight.
Revision
Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.（湖南高考题）
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
解析：分析句子成分可知， are good at recognizing their own strengths 是定语从句，修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，故用who 引导。【答案选】
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members（. 重庆高考题）
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
解析：由前后两个句子之间为逗号且没有连接词可知，空格处缺少连接词。定语从句的先行词为about 40 people，故定语从句的引导词应为whom。【答案选D】
B
A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad（. 山东高考题）
A. which B. whose C. who D. why
解析：分析题意和句子成分可知，主句中a company 是主语，may seek 是谓语，opportunities 是宾语，而所 填词要引导一个定语从句，该从句中profits 前缺少定语，而且profits 与先行词构成所属关系，故用whose 引导 定语从句，同时whose 在从句中做profits 的定语。【答案选B】
Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.（陕西高考题）
A. that B. which C. as D. what
解析：分析题意和句子成分可知，you have about the candidate for the position 做定语，修饰前面的 information。句中 have 是一个及物动词，由此可以看出定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词。又因为 information 被all 修饰，所以不能用which 做关系代词，只能用that。【答案选A】
Revision
定语从句中的关系词（relative words）
关系代词 who whom which that as
whose=of which/whom 关系副词 when =介词(in / on / at/for等) +which where why Grammar
time
place
reason
I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
1．when 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。
例： The time was wonderful.
She stayed with her mother at that time.
1. The time ___________she stayed with her mother at was wonderful.
2. The time ________ she stayed with her mother was wonderful.
3. The time she stayed with her mother was wonderful.
which/that
at which
when
Grammar
【总结】
when在定语从句中作时间状语，只能修饰表示时间的名词（如：time, day, week, month, 等）相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”
when = in / at / on / during + which
若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the time that / which I spent on campus.
I’ll never forget the time that/ which was spent with you.
Grammar
I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.（湖南高考题）
A. as B. why C. when D. where
解析：本句中含有定语从句，先行词是the day，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。【答案选C】
高考链接
2. where引导定语从句时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
1).This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.
2).The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.
I like the village.
I was born in the village.
This is the village __________ I was born in.
This is the village _______ I was born.
This is the village _______ I was born.
which/that
in which
where
Grammar
【总结】
where在定语从句中作地点状语只能修饰表示地点的名词(如：place, school, factory, room 等) ，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。
地点 where = at / in / on + which
若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。
The library that/ which you visited yesterday was built in 1990.
高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂化，先行词从“明显的地点”向 “模糊的地点” 发展。如当先行词为point, situation, conditions, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等表示某人/ 物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事的某个方面时，且关系词在从句中状语时，用where 引导定语从句，where相当于from which, under which等，表示“在这种情况下，从……中”等。
口诀：
一点上， 活动中，情况下，常用where最相宜
1.They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
2.Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.（江苏高考题）
A. which B. when C. as D. where
解析：本题将先行词work 还原到定语从句中，即：a good impression is a must at work，显然关系词在定 语从句中做地点状语，故选择关系副词where。【答案选D】
He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.（江西高考题）
A. what B. which C. where D. how
解析：定语从句中有主语和宾语，所以关系词代替先行词a letter 在从句中应做地点状语，故答案为
where。【答案选C】
高考链接
1)Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well. 不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。
2）I don’t believe the reason (that / which) he gave me for his being late. 我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。
3. why引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reason, 关系词在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for+ which”。
We all like these foods for this reason.
The reason is known to all.
1. The reason __________ we all like these foods is known to all.
2. The reason ______we all like these foods is known to all.
for which
why
Grammar
The reason he was absent was he had a bad cold.
A. when; because B. when; why C. why; because D. why; that
解析：the reason why...is / was that...为常用的固定句式。此句式中why 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason。that引导宾语从句时不充当句子成分无实际意义不可省略，此时that 不可换成because。【答案选D】
高考链接
定语从句三步解体法：一、先找出主句；
二、确定先行词
三、判断先行词在从句中做的成分
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
指物
who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)
that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)
whose(定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
定语从句是在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句，
又称为形容词性从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系
副词引导，并作句子成分。
Ps:先行词在从句中做状语时，连接词有时可以用介词+which/whom来替换关系副词
Summary
It was a time when people were divided geographically.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses. What kind of information does each clause communicate
Information: a time for an event
Information: a location for an event
Task 1
Information: a time for an event
Information: a location for an event
There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.
These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
Information: a reason for an action
Information: a location for an action
Task 1
Information: a reason for an action
Information: a location for an action
Fill in the table to complete each phrase with a restrictive relative clause. Then use the phrases to make complete sentences.
the day
when
the earthquake happened
I was on holiday the day when the earthquake happened.
Task 2
the place
where
my friend lives
She works near the place where my friend lives.
the reason
why
I didn't get a pay-rise
I don't know the reason why I didn't get a pay-rise.
the place/time
in/at which
I found Grandma's glasses
This is the cupboard in which I found Grandma's glasses.
Task 2
my friend lives
She works near the place where my friend lives.
I didn't get a pay-rise
I don't know the reason why I didn't get a pay-rise.
I found Grandma's glasses
Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. Add a preposition where necessary.
When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country ______________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future.
where/in which
vi.&n.斗争;搏斗
n.舌头;语言
Task 3
It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. And I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place ______________ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view.
when/on which
where/at which
观点;看法
Task 3
I felt as if I had reached the goal __________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason __________ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum!
which/that
why
Task 3
Language points
struggle n．& vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗(教材P64)
归纳拓展 (1)struggle to do sth. 艰难地做某事；挣扎着做某事
struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle with/against 同……搏斗/作斗争
(2)struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
①The company is buyers for its new product.
该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。
②He cancer for two years.
他同癌症抗争了两年。
③You have to let us ourselves, even if we must die in the process.
你得让我们为自己拼搏，哪怕我们会在这个过程中死去。
struggling to find
struggled against
struggle for
A: What kind of day makes you happy
A: What's your favourite place at school
A: What kind of teachers do you like best
A: Who do you admire most Why
B: It's a day when…
B: It's ..., because it is a place where ...
B: I like teachers who ...
B: I admire ... That's the reason why ...
Discussion
Exercise
I will turn my tears into a lake.
You can camp by the lake when tired.
I will turn my tears into a lake where you can camp when tired.
《丝路》
1.我将眼泪流成天山上面的湖, 让你疲倦时能够扎营停驻。
Exercise
2.那是个宁静的夏天, 你来到宁夏的那一 天。
That was a quiet summer day.
You came on the day.
That was a quiet summer day when you came .
Exercise
3.都是你离开的原因。
It's all the reasons.
You leave for the reasons.
It's all the reasons why you leave.
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.phpUnit 5 Languages around the World课时学案
学生姓名 班级 序号
课题内容 Discovering Useful Structures
教材分析 定语从句作为高中英语教学中的主要内容,在高考的试卷中分值较大,也是教学的难点。语法知识本身枯燥和乏味,因此我们结合教材对本课时教学内容作如下分析：活动主题：该板块的活动主题是“描述你喜欢的事物”(Describe your favorite things)。要求学生用限制性定语从句对自己喜欢的事物进行描述，以力求语言更丰富、准确，在提高英语语言组织能力的同时发展思维逻辑能力。目标结构：本单元的语法结构是关系副词when、where、why和“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句。“介词+which”引导定语从句是比较正式的用法，关系副词when、where、why引导定语从句时，可以用“介词+which”替换，但一般限于比较正式的文体中。本单元主要涉及“in/on/at/during+which”引导的定语从句。
学习目标与核心素养 1. 理解并运用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句；2. 理解 in/on/at which 在定语从句中相当于when、where；3. 能够运用定语从句描述事物的具体信息。 3. 能够运用定语从
学习重点 帮助学生提高主动运用定语从句描述事物的能力，让学生能够正确表达自己对事物的喜好及原因。
学习难点 学生能够具体运用由关系副词引导的定语从句。
1．when 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。
I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
例： The time was wonderful.
She stayed with her mother at that time.
1. The time which/that she stayed with her mother at was wonderful.
2. The time at which she stayed with her mother was wonderful.
3. The time when she stayed with her mother was wonderful.
【总结】
when在定语从句中作时间状语，只能修饰表示时间的名词（如：time, day, week, month, 等）相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”
when = in / at / on / during + which
若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the time that / which I spent on campus.
I’ll never forget the time that/ which was spent with you.
【高考链接】
I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.（湖南高考题）
A. as B. why C. when D. where
解析：本句中含有定语从句，先行词是the day，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。【答案选C】
2. where引导定语从句时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
1).This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.
2).The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.
I like the village.
I was born in the village.
This is the village which/that I was born in.
This is the village in which I was born.
This is the village where I was born.
【总结】
where在定语从句中作地点状语只能修饰表示地点的名词(如：place, school, factory, room 等) ，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。
地点 where = at / in / on + which
若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。
The library that/ which you visited yesterday was built in 1990.
高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂化，先行词从“明显的地点”向 “模糊的地点” 发展。如当先行词为point, situation, conditions, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等表示某人/ 物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事的某个方面时，且关系词在从句中状语时，用where 引导定语从句，where相当于from which, under which等，表示“在这种情况下，从……中”等。
口诀：
一点上， 活动中，情况下，常用where最相宜
1.They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
2.Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
【高考链接】
The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.（江苏高考题）
A. which B. when C. as D. where
解析：本题将先行词work 还原到定语从句中，即：a good impression is a must at work，显然关系词在定 语从句中做地点状语，故选择关系副词where。【答案选D】
He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.（江西高考题）
A. what B. which C. where D. how
解析：定语从句中有主语和宾语，所以关系词代替先行词a letter 在从句中应做地点状语，故答案为where。【答案选C】
3. why引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reason, 关系词在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for+ which”。
1)Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well. 不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。
2）I don’t believe the reason (that / which) he gave me for his being late. 我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。
We all like these foods for this reason.
The reason is known to all.
1. The reason for which we all like these foods is known to all.
2. The reason why we all like these foods is known to all.
【高考链接】
The reason he was absent was he had a bad cold.
A. when; because B. when; why C. why; because D. why; that
解析：the reason why...is / was that...为常用的固定句式。此句式中why 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason。that引导宾语从句时不充当句子成分无实际意义不可省略，此时that 不可换成because。【答案选D】
【Summary】
定语从句是在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句，又称为形容词性从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。
定语从句三步解体法：
一、先找出主句；
确定先行词；
三、判断先行词在从句中做的成分
Ps:先行词在从句中做状语时，连接词有时可以用介词+which/whom来替换关系副词
单句语法填空
1.I still remember the day ______ I first came to Beijing.
2.This is the room ______ my grandparents lived last year.
3.Do you know the reason______ he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party.
4.China is a large country ______ many different dialects are spoken.
5.The factory ______ his father works is in the west of the city.
6. This is the hospital ______ my mother works.
7. That is the reason ______ I did the job.
8. I don’t know the exact time ______ they will meet.
9. I still remember the place______ I met her for the first time.
10. That’s one of the reasons ______ I asked you to come.
11. Mr. Wang will fly to Beijing, ______ he will stay for three months.
12. There comes a time ______ you have to make a choice.
13. I am looking forward to the day _____ my daughter can know my feelings for her.
14. We’ll put off the picnic until next week, ______ the weather may be better.
15. ______ we know, this is the day______ the quake happened thirty-five years ago.
16. He works in a factory______ makes this type of iPhone.
17. This is the hospital ______ we visited the day before yesterday.
18. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
19. I doubt the reason ______ he gave us for his being absent from the meeting.
20. The way _____ our chemistry teacher did the experiment was very interesting.
二、将下列句子合并成定语从句
1. The man is in the next room. You are talking about the man.
→_________________________________________
2. My hometown has taken on a new look. I spent most of my childhood there.
→_________________________________________
3. I don’t know the reason. He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday for the reason.
→_________________________________________
4. I joined the organization on that day. I will never forget the day.
→_________________________________________
5. Great changes have taken place in the factory. We are working in the factory.
→_________________________________________
6. She refused the offer. I’d like to know the reason.
→_________________________________________
7. Later, I wrote a letter of thanks to the gentleman. I got lots of help from him.
→_________________________________________
三、七选五
It is necessary but difficult for English beginners to memorize new words，and long lists of words seem to make the task impossible.They are puzzled why they try to memorize words with great efforts but forget them easily.That’s why there are often inquiries about how to memorize new words. 1.___________Here are some tips to help.
2.___________We too often separate the process of new words memorization from pronunciation.In fact these two can be combined and each will enhance the other.Saying the word to ourselves helps activate hearing memory，which helps the memory. 3.___________ The more familiar we are with the word，the greater chance we will have to keep it for the rest of our life.
Never memorize single English words.4.___________Relate the word to terms we already know，either as synonym(同义词) or antonym(反义词).For example，the word “gargantuan” is similar in meaning to words “gigantic”，“huge” and “large”.Make an order of words：“small，medium，large，gigantic and gargantuan”.
Create a mental image of the word that involves strong emotions.Think “the gargantuan whale is going to swallow me whole”.
Learning English words requires action.Complaining how difficult it is to memorize new words will be of little help.5.___________ Have a try with ten words a day and you will see what a difference you will make in your English learning.
A.So take action right now.
B.Speak the word while memorizing it.
C.Memorizing new words is very important.
D.Actually，some have given up learning new words.
E.In fact，learning new words needn’t be that difficult.
F.Make as many associations and connections as possible.
G.The sound of word helps us recall the spelling and familiarizes us with the word.
答案：
一、
when/ on which
where /in which
why/for which
where /in which
5. where /in which
6. where /in which
7. why/ for which
8. when/at which
9. where /in which
10. why/ for which
11. where
12. when
13. when/ on which
14. when
15. As; when/ on which
16. that /which
17. that /which
18. that /which
19. that /which
20. that /in which
二、 1. The man is in the next room. You are talking about the man.
→The man about whom you are talking is in the next room.
2. My hometown has taken on a new look. I spent most of my childhood there.
→My hometown where I spent most of my childhood has taken on a new look.
3. I don’t know the reason. He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday for the reason.
→I don’t know the reason for which/why he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday.
4. I joined the organization on that day. I will never forget the day.
→I will never forget the day when/on which I joined the organization.
5. Great changes have taken place in the factory. We are working in the factory.
→Great changes have taken place in the factory where/in which we are working.
6. She refused the offer. I’d like to know the reason.
→I’d like to know the reason why/for which she refused the offer.
7. Later, I wrote a letter of thanks to the gentleman. I got lots of help from him.
→Later, I wrote a letter of thanks to the gentleman from whom I got lots of help.
三、
EBGFA
考点分析
同步训练
