2022届高考英语二轮复习:特殊句型-倒装句的用法讲解学案

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名称 2022届高考英语二轮复习:特殊句型-倒装句的用法讲解学案
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更新时间 2021-11-28 17:59:33

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特殊句型-倒装句的用法讲解 2022届高考英语语法总复习
英语中有两种语序:
自然语序,即:主语+谓语+其它;
2.倒装语序:谓语或谓语的一部分在前。
倒装句分为:
完全倒装= 谓语+主语+其它。 即整个谓语放在主语之前。
部分倒装= 系动词、助动词或情态动词+主语+谓语+其它。
什么时候完全倒装?什么时候不完全倒装?
① 为了起到“强调”作用,以there, here, out, in, up, down, away等方位副词放句首时,完全倒装。
In came our teacher. 老师进来了。
Out rushed the boys. 男孩们冲了出去。
Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。
There is an apple. 有一个苹果。
There stands a building. 那儿有一座楼。
好的,再看下面句子:
Here you are. 给你。
Here it is. 它在这儿。
Here he comes. 他来了。
Away he went. 他走了。
所以此类倒装一般用于:一般现在时和一般过去时;主语必须是名词,当主语是代词时,主谓顺序不变。可以记住一句话:副词开头要倒装,人称代词则如常。
②how, then, just, often, now等时间副词放句子开头,完全倒装。
Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
Never will I forgive you. 永远我都不会忘记你。
Then came you. 然后你来了。
③表地点状语的介词短语放句首,完全倒装。
Under a big tree sat a fat man. 树下坐着一个胖男人。
Inside the box was a gold watch. 盒子里装着一只金表。
On the wall is the family photo. 墙上是全家福。
不完全倒装,即将谓语的一部分如:情态动词倒装至主语之前,如果没有情态动词,则需要添加助动词do,does,did来构成半倒装。
① 当句子以否定或半否定的词语(如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time等)开头时,句子要不完全倒装。
Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。
② 以否定连词(如Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than),句子作部分倒装。注意:一般主句倒装,从句不倒。
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物,还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门,就有个学生来访。
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门,就有个学生来访
③ so, neither, nor作部分倒装。
表示另一主语“也…样”时,用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构;而表示另一主语“也不…样”时,用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。例如: 
He has been to Beijing. So have I.   
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语,杰克也会。
If you won't go, neither will I. 你不去,我也不去。
The first one isn't good. Neither is the second. 第一个不好,第二个也不好。
表示两个人同样的一个情况,只能表示一件事,上下文所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则用:So it is with...
His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.
④only+单词、短语或状语从句时,置于句首时,句子需要倒装。
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.(only+副词)
直到昨天他才发现他手表丢了。
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
只有这样,你才能学好英语。(only+介词短语)
只有以这种方式,你才能把英语版学好。
Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.(only+状语从句)
直到下雨的时候他才完成工作。
⑤as / though引导的让步从句,将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后,单数名词前不用a)
尽管他是个小孩,他懂很多。
Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后,实义动词提前,在主语后添加助动词。)
虽然我失败了,我会再尝试的。
Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the exam.(副词提到句首)
尽管他努力了,他还是没通过考试。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
他工作很努力,但总不能让人满意。
⑥ so… that,such…that引导的结果状语从句中,当so和such位于句首时,用”so\such + adj. + 主语+谓语”。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
他害怕得很,动也不敢动。
So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it.
考试如此难,以至于大多数同学没能考过。