主谓一致的全面总结 2022届高考英语语法总复习
语法一致
从语法角度,谓语动词的单复数要和主语单复数在形式上保持一致。
1、主语(单数名词或代词)+谓语动词(单数)
例:The book is mine.That book is mine.
2、主语(单数名词或代词)+谓语动词(单数)
例:The books are mine.
These books are mine.
3、主语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句)+谓语动词(单数)
例:To learn English is hard.
Reading aloud is good for learning English.
What I saw was that he was making a big mistake.
4、A and B/both A and B(合成主语)+谓语动词(复数形式)。
例:Lucy and Lily are classmates.
Both Tom and I are from China.
5、主语(单数名词或代词)+介词(with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including)+宾语+谓语动词(单数形式);
主语(复数名词或代词)+介词(with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including)+宾语+谓语动词(复数形式)。
例:The woman with a baby is my aunt.
Nobody but Tom was on the playground.
6、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等,表示整体概念)+谓语动词(单数);
集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等,表示具体成员)+谓语动词(单数);
例:My family is a happy one.
Class Three have forty students.
7、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词+谓语动词(单数)
例:Each of us is interested in the book.
8、复合型不代词+谓语动词(单数)。
例:Everything is possible.
8、在定语从句时,先行词+关系代词(that, who, which等)+谓语动词(与先行词的数一致)
例:Tom is one of my friends who are from Germany.
逻辑意义一致
主谓一致还要遵循逻辑意义一致,即:谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致,而非形式。也就是说,有时主语形式虽然为单数,但意义为复数,那么谓语动词要有复数形式;反之亦然。
1、有些单词如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等+谓语动词(单数)
例:Mathematics isn’t easy to study.
2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等,表示整体概念)+谓语动词(单数);
集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等,表示具体成员)+谓语动词(单数);
例:My family is a happy one.
Class Three have forty students.
3、表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语,被看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;若强调个体也可以用复数。
例:
Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长时间。
Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot. 步行两千米是一段很长的路程。
Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了,我们依然没有他们的消息。
比较:
Ten dollars is too much for this old coin. 这个古币没有10块钱这么高的价格。
Three dollars were paid for the old coin. 那个古钱花了3块钱。
Twenty years is a long time. 20年是一段很长的时间。
Twenty years have passed since they got married. 他们结婚已有20年了。
4、定冠词the + 形容词或分词”(表示某一类人)+谓语动词(复数)。
例:The young is hope of our country.
5、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词+谓语动词
谓语动词的单复数要根据 what, who, which, any, more, all等代词表达的单复数来确定。
例: All is going badly.
All have finished their work.
5、主语(书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式)+谓语动词(单数形式)6、主语(数字)+谓语动词(单数形式)。
例:Twelve plus two is four.
6、主语(trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等表示双对意义的词)+谓语(复数)。例:My shoes are black.
7、a (the) pair of等+主语+谓语动词(单数)。
例:The pair of glasses is broken.
7、a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of 及分数或百分数+名词+谓语动词(根据短语中后面名词的数而定)
例:There are a lot of students in the classroom.There is a lot of water in the pool.
注意:the number of+名词+谓语(单数)。
就近原则
就近原则是指在英语句子中,在一些特定结构中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、there/here be 句型中,be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。
例:There is a book and two pens on the desk.There are two pens and a book on the desk.
2、either…or…, neither…nor…,not only ...but also连接并列主语时,谓语与靠近的主语保持一致。
例:Not only Tom but also his friends like the movie .