中考英语阅读理解小测卷：科普知识与现代技术

阅读理解小测卷：科普知识与现代技术
一、阅读理解-阅读选择（共10小题；共96分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
The Information about Some Great Inventions
Invention Wheel Telephone Light bulb (灯泡) Paper
Appearing Time A few thousand years ago In 1876 In 1879 Around 2,000 years ago
Inventor Unknown Alexander Bell Thomas Edison Cai Lun
Inventor's Nationality Unknown American Chinese
Early Main Material Wood Plastic and metal Glass and metal Cotton or flax (亚麻)
Main Use Making travelling faster Used for communicating over distances (距离) Giving light Used for recording information
1. What's the form (表格) above about
A.Rules. B.Movies. C.Dreams. D.Inventions.
2. What's the latest invention according to the form above
A.The wheel. B.The paper.
C.The telephone. D.The light bulb.
3. How many Chinese inventions are mentioned in the form above
A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.None.
4. What was the telephone made of according to the form above
A.Wood. B.Glass and metal.
C.Plastic and metal. D.Cotton and flax.
5. Thanks to the invention of the wheel, people can _____.
A.have enough light to read. B.travel faster
C.communicate over distances D.have more books to read
There have been many great inventions, things that changed the way we live.
The first great invention was one that still plays an important role in our life today—the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel a long distance. For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel.
Then in the early 1800's the world started to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People didn’t have to explore much anymore. They began to work hard to make life better.
In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them was the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part of our life today.
In the first part of the 20th century there were some more great inventions like the helicopter (直升飞机) in 1909, sound movies in 1926, the computer in 1928, and jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wear. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over diseases. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live long lives. By the 1960's more people could expect to live to be at least 60. By this time most people had a very good life.
Of course, new inventions continued to be made. But man now had a wish to explore again. The world is known to man but the stars are not yet. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then, other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space. In 1969 man took his biggest step away from the earth. American first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a beginning though. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.
6. What were invented in the first half of the 20th century
A.Helicopters. B.Computers
C.Movies with sounds. D.All above
7. People could live longer lives because _____ worked very well in the 20th century.
A.doctors B.medicines
C.new hospitals D.new ways to get over diseases
8. What does "It" mean in the sentence "It changed the kind of clothes people wear"
A.The kind of clothes people wear
B.Nylon
C.The invention in the late 20th century
D.The thing made by computers
9. The passage talks mainly about _____.
A.how wheel had great effect on the later inventions
B.which country made the first step into space
C.how inventions change people's lives
D.Why Nylon was very important
10. We can learn from the passage that in the future _____.
A.people's lives will be even better through great inventions
B.we can't do anything that we have never dreamed of
C.there will be fewer inventions
D.we can do everything with new inventions
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Astronauts (宇航员) face many problems when living in space stations. One of them is food. People on Earth put together all the meals first and then send these meals to space stations by space shuttle. Because the food has to last a long time (sometimes up to three months), people have to store a lot of it in cans. The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh. Astronauts also eat many other foods such as dried meat that do not need special care.
Without the help of gravity, sitting down to eat can be difficult. Astronauts sometimes have to fix themselves to the wall while eating. They also have to be very careful so that food does not float away.
11. One of the problems astronauts face is _____.
A.light B.food C.clothes D.oxygen
12. How can people send the meals to space stations
A.By car. B.By train.
C.By plane. D.By space shuttle.
13. People have to store the food in _____.
A.cans B.bags C.boxes D.bottles
14. _____ help(s) to keep fruit and vegetables fresh.
A.The space shuttle B.The fridge
C.The cool room D.The cans
This is the Tammela School, a primary school in Finland. The students are in math class. In the middle is their teacher. It's a robot! The "teacher" is a small, blue machine about 25 cm high, Reuters reported. It has endless patience (无尽的耐心) and can say things again and again. It will never make a student feel embarrassed (尴尬的) for asking a question. That's because it uses software (软件) to learn each student's skill level (熟练水平), according to Finnish national broadcaster (国家广播公司) Yle. There are four robot teachers at the school. One of them is a language teacher that can speak 23 languages and dance to the music. The school introduced the robot teachers to improve the quality (质量) of its students' education. But this doesn't mean that human teachers will lose their jobs. Although the robots can teach well, they are not able to keep discipline (维持纪律). The school still needs human teachers.
15. What is special about the Tammela School
A.The teachers there give lessons to robots.
B.The teachers there stand in the middle of the classroom.
C.The school has four robots as teachers.
D.The teachers there are all teenagers.
16. The new "teachers" are useful in the following ways EXCEPT (除了) _____.
A.they are patient with students
B.they are very small and don't take up space
C.they will never embarrass a student
D.they know each student's skill level
17. Why did the school bring in the robot teachers
A.To teach students more languages.
B.To give students a chance to compete with robots.
C.To help students learn more about robots.
D.To improve the quality of the students' education.
18. What will happen to human teachers in the school
A.They will lose their jobs.
B.They will help keep discipline.
C.They will start another school.
D.They will still teach.
19. Which of the following statement is TRUE about robot teachers
A.There are 23 robot teachers in the school.
B.The robot teachers can teach the teachers at school.
C.The robot teachers are not good at dealing with keeping discipline.
D.Robot teachers sometimes can be very rude to the students.
The information about some great inventions (发明)
Wheel Telephone Light bulb Paper
Inventions
Appearing Time (出现时间) A few thousand years ago In 1876 In 1879 Around 2000 years ago
Inventor Unknown Alexander Bell Thomas Edison Cai Lun
Inventor's (发明者) Nationality Unknown American Chinese
Early Main Material (主要原料) Wood Plastic and metal Class and metal Cotton or flax
Main Use Making travelling faster Used for communicating over distances Giving light Used for recording information
根据表格信息选择最佳答案。
Word box: light bulb 灯泡 plastic 塑料 metal 金属 unknown 未知的 flax 亚麻
20. Since (由于) _____ invented (发明) paper, people can record information on paper.
A.Alexander Bell B.Thomas Edison
C.Cai Lun
21. According to the form above, the invention that appeared in 1876 was made of (由......制成) _____.
A.Plastic and metal B.Class and metal
C.Cotton or flax
22. According to the form above the latest invention was _____.
A.the telephone B.the light bulb
C.the wheel
23. Thanks to the invention of the wheel, people can _____.
A.have enough light to read B.travel faster
C.communicate over distances
24. Which of the following is TRUE according to the form above
A.Three of the inventions were made of metal.
B.Neither Alexander Bell nor Thomas Edison is American.
C.Two of the inventions appeared in the 19th century.
The Information about Some Robots
Name Dark Blue Terminator Optimus Prime AlphaGo
Appearing Time In 1996 In 1984 In the 1980s In 2015
Producer IBM Sky Net (in the movie) Unknown (in the movie) Google
Producer's Nationality American Unknown Alien
Main Purpose Count numbers and details as the super chess robot Replace human beings Explore the universe Think like human beings
Main Record Beat the chess champion in 1997 Protected world peace Discovered more in space Beat Li Shishi (the famous Korean Weiqi player) in March, 2016
Word Box: Terminator 终结者 Optimus Prime 擎天柱 Weiqi 围棋
25. In _____ Dark Blue beat human beings in chess.
A.1996 B.1997 C.2016
26. According to the form above, the robot which was produced by Sky Net _____ in the movie.
A.explored the universe B.discovered more in space
C.protected world peace
27. According to the form above, the robot _____ can think like human beings.
A.AlphaGo B.Dark Blue C.Optimus Prime
28. Thanks to the invention of robots, we know _____.
A.the earth will not be peaceful without the help of robots
B.robots will replace human beings in the real life
C.with the help of science, robots will have more abilities
29. Which of the following is TRUE according to the form above
A.AlphaGo beat the famous Korean Weiqi player last year.
B.Sky Net produced Terminator in the real life.
C.Optimus Prime will replace Dark Blue.
Man-made (人造的) spacecrafts have been sent up into space. Scientists know many facts about the moon. They know how big it is and how far away it is. But they want to know more about it. So do Chinese scientists. They are trying their best to study space. With their hard work, China doesn't fall behind the other countries in the field. In 2003, the Shengzhou V spaceship with our astronaut, Yang Liwei, was sent up into space. This made China well-known (众所周知的) in the world.
And in 2005, the Shenghou VI spaceship was sent up again, there were two astronauts in it. They are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng. Fei. 51, is from Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. He was once selected (选择) as one of the five astronaut candidates (候选人) for China's first manned (人的) spaceship—Shenzhou V. Nie, 52, is from Zaoyang, Hubei Province. He was once selected as one of the three finalists (决赛选手) for Shengzhou V. The other two were Yang Liwei and Zhai Zhigang.
30. How many Chinese astronauts are mentioned (提到) in this passage
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.
31. Who was born in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province
A.Fei Junlong. B.Nie Haisheng. C.Yang Liwei. D.Zhai Zhigang.
32. Which of the following is TRUE
A.Fei is as old as Nie. B.Fei is older than Nie.
C.Fei is younger than Nie. D.Nie is younger than Fei.
33. Where is Nie Haisheng from
A.Jiangsu Province. B.Hubei Province.
C.Sichuan Province. D.Gansu Province.
34. Which two people weren't selected among the three finalists for Shenshou V
A.Yang Liwei and Zhai Zhigang.
B.Nie Haisheng and Zhai Zhigang.
C.Yang Liwei and Nie Haisheng.
D.Fei Junlong and Liu Yang.
Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, "Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one." The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for ＄30,000 for what he had done. The workers were surprised and said, "It's only a part. It isn't worth so much money.Then the engineer took out his bill and wrote down, "The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs ＄29,999."
One dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable(有道理的) but the ＄29,999 is exactly the value(价值) of wisdom and knowledge.
35. The factory turned to the German engineer because _____.
A.he had nothing to do in the factory
B.there were no other people in the factory
C.the workers could not repair the machine
D.the workers asked for too much money for repairing the machine
36.The problem of the machine _____.
A.was caused by the German engineer
B.was found and solved by the workers
C.took the engineer a long time to find
D.was just a part
37.According to the engineer, the finding of the problem cost ____.
A.only one dollar B.＄29,999
C.nothing D.less than the new part
38.The writer wants to tell us that _____.
A.the engineer asked for too much money
B.the workers should pay the money
C.knowledge is worth money
D.the new part could cost more
39.The best title for the passage should be _____.
A.The Value of Knowledge B.Helpless Workers
C.The Expensive Machine D.The Lucky Factory
Paper was not made in southern Europe until the year of 1100. Though Scandinavia (斯堪的维尼亚半岛) now makes a great deal of the world's paper, it had not begun to make it until 1500. It was a German named Schaeffer who found out that one could make paper from wood. After that, forest countries, such as Canada, Sweden, Norway, Finland and the United States, became important in paper making. Today in Finland, for example, no industry (工业) is bigger than the forest industry. And the paper industry is the most important part of it.
Modern paper-making machines are very big, and they make paper very fast. The biggest machines can make a piece of paper 750 meters long and six meters wide in one minute.
When we think of paper, we think of newspapers, books, letters, envelopes (信封), and writing paper. But there are many other uses. Each year, more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper cups, plates, and dishes for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables and even beds can be made of paper. The newest thing made of paper in the world may be a paper house. It is not a small house for children to play in, but a real, big house for people to live in. It is not expensive. You can put up a paper house yourself in a few hours, and you can use it for about 5 years.
40. When was paper made in Europe
A.The year 1500. B.The year 1400.
C.The year 1200. D.The year 1100.
41. _____ found out that paper can be made from wood.
A.A Canadian B.An American C.A German D.A Chinese
42. In which country is the forest industry the biggest industry
A.Finland. B.Sweden.
C.Norway. D.The Untied States.
43. How long can be the biggest modern paper-making machines make a piece of paper 750 meters long and six meters wide
A.In a day. B.In an hour. C.In a minute. D.In a second.
44. What can be made of paper
A.Paper cups.
B.Plates, dishes.
C.Chairs, tables, beds and houses.
D.All of above.
Terrafugia Company has said that its flying car, named Transition, has successfully finished a 37-second test flight.
On March 5, 2009, at Plattsburgh International Airport in New York. The company's chief pilot, Phil Meteer, piloted the flying car.
Transition is a two-seat airplane that can take off and land at airports as well as drive on roads.
The company said that the flying car can travel at speeds up to 115 mph in the air, drive at highway speeds on the ground, and fold up (折叠) to fit in a garage (车库) 81 inches wide and 80 inches high.
Hospitals could use it to transport patients so as to avoid road traffic. It may start running on wheels, and when it gets to traffic lights it can fly overhead the lights and keep its way forward. So it's good news to avoid traffic problems and the traffic accidents.
But some people say this is a going airplane rather than a flying car, at least on the appearance. Anyway, we are happy for scientific-technical progress, what a fantastical world in the near future!
45. _____ made this kind of new machine.
A.Phil Meteer
B.Terrafugia Company
C.Plattsburgh International Airport
D.both A and B
46. _____ people can sit in Transition.
A.3 B.5 C.4 D.2
47. Transition can travel at speeds up to _____ mph in the air.
A.115 B.120 C.450 D.480
48. Which of the following sentences about Transition is NOT true
A.It can be folded up.
B.It can both run on the ground and fly in the sky.
C.It is used in hospital now.
D.It looks like a plane.
答案
第一部分
1 . D
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The Information about Some Great Inventions.信息是关于一些伟大的发明。由此可推知答案。
因此，正确答案是D。
2 . D
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Wheel，A few thousand years ago 车轮出现在几千年以前；Telephone, In 1876 电话出现在1876年；Light bulb (灯泡)，In 1879灯泡出现在1879年；Paper，Around 2,000 years ago纸出现在大约两千年前。由此可推知答案。
因此，正确答案是D。
3 . A
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Cai Lun，Chinese蔡伦，中国人。由此可推知答案。
因此，正确答案是A。
4 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Telephone，Early Main Material：Plastic and metal电话，早期的主要材料是塑料和金属。由此可推知答案。
因此，正确答案是C。
5 . B
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Wheel，main Use：Making travelling faster.轮子的主要用途：使我们的出行更快捷。由此可推知答案。
因此，正确答案是B。
6 . D
7 . D
8 . B
9 . C
10 . A
11 . B
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Astronauts (宇航员) face many problems when living in space stations. One of them is food. 居住在空间站时宇航员面临着很多问题。其中一个是食物。
因此，正确答案是B。
12 . D
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处： People on Earth put together all the meals first and then send these meals to space stations by space shuttle. 首先地球上的人把食物放到一起，然后用航天飞机将这些餐食送到空间站。
因此，正确答案是D。
13 . A
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：People have to store a lot of it in cans. 人们必须将很多食物储存到罐头里。
因此，正确答案是A。
14 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh. 空间站没有冰箱，但它有凉爽的空间来保持水果和蔬菜新鲜。
因此，正确答案是C。
15 . C
16 . B
17 . D
18 . B
19 . C
20 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Paper Inventor Cai Lun 纸 发明者 Cai Lun。
因此，正确答案是C。
21 . A
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：In 1876 Early Main Material Plastic and metal 在1876年 主要原料 塑料和金属。
因此，正确答案是A。
22 . B
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：表格第三行，Light bulb In 1879 灯泡 在1879年。
因此，正确答案是B。
23 . B
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Wheel Making travelling faster 轮子 使旅行更快。
因此，正确答案是B。
24 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Telephone In 1876 电话 在1876年；Light bulb In 1879 灯泡 在1879年。
因此，正确答案是C。
25 . B
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Dark Blue: Beat the chess champion in 1997. Dark Blue：1997年打败国际象棋冠军。
因此，正确答案是B。
26 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Producer: Sky Net; Main Record: Protected world peace. 制作人：Sky Net；主要记录：保护世界和平。
因此，正确答案是C。
27 . A
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：AlphaGo: Main Purpose: Think like human beings. AlphaGo：主要目的：像人类一样思考。
因此，正确答案是A。
28 . C
【解析】
此题是推理判断题。答案出处：全文。文章主要讲机器人的用途以及现在的记录，可推断在科学的帮助下，机器人将有更多的能力。
因此，正确答案是C。
29 . A
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：AlphaGo: Main Record: Beat Li Shishi(the famous Korean Weiqi player) in March, 2016. AlphaGo：主要记录：2016年3月打败Li Shishi（韩国著名围棋选手）。
因此，正确答案是A。
30 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：And in 2005, the Shenghou VI spaceship was sent up again, there were two astronauts in it. They are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng. 并且在2005年，神州六号宇宙飞船再次升空，里面有两名宇航员。他们是费俊龙和聂海胜。The other two were Yang Liwei and Zhai Zhigang. 另外两个是杨利伟和翟志刚。
因此，正确答案是C。
31 . A
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Fei. 51, is from Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. 费，51岁，来自江苏省昆山市。
因此，正确答案是A。
32 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Fei. 51, is from Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. 费，51岁，来自江苏省昆山市。Nie, 52, is from Zaoyang, Hubei Province. 聂，52岁，来自湖北省枣阳市。可知费俊龙比聂海胜小。
因此，正确答案是C。
33 . B
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Nie, 52, is from Zaoyang, Hubei Province. 聂，52岁，来自湖北省枣阳市。
因此，正确答案是B。
34 . D
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Nie, 52, is from Zaoyang, Hubei Province. He was once selected as one of the three finalists (决赛选手) for Shengzhou V. The other two were Yang Liwei and Zhai Zhigang. 聂，52岁，来自湖北省枣阳市。他曾被选为神舟五号的三名决赛选手之一。另外两名是杨利伟和翟志刚。
因此，正确答案是D。
35 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The workers could do nothing. 这些工人无能为力。
因此，正确答案是C。
36 . D
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. 拆下我画线地方的部分，并且换一个新的。
因此，正确答案是D。
37 . B
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs ＄29,999. 这个新部件只值一美元，知道这台机器的问题在哪儿却值29,999美元。
因此，正确答案是B。
38 . C
【解析】
此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：One dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable (有道理的) but the ＄29,999 is exactly the value (价值) of wisdom and knowledge. 一美元换取一个部件听起来是有道理的，但是29,999美元却正是智慧与知识的价值所在。
因此，正确答案是C。
39 . A
【解析】
此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：One dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable but the ＄29,999 is exactly the value of wisdom and knowledge. 一美元换一个新的部分听起来很合理，但29,999美元就是智慧和知识的价值。通读全文可知，本文是在说明知识的价值。
因此，正确答案是A。
40 . D
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Paper was not made in southern Europe until the year of 1100. 纸直到1100年才在南欧制造出来。
因此，正确答案是D。
41 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：It was a German named Schaeffer who found out that one could make paper from wood. 是一个名叫Schaeffer的德国人发现可以用木材造纸的。
因此，正确答案是C。
42 . A
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Today in Finland, for example, no industry (工业) is bigger than the forest industry. 比如现在在芬兰，没有哪种工业比森林工业更大。
因此，正确答案是A。
43 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The biggest machines can make a piece of paper 750 meters long and six meters wide in one minute. 最大的机器可以在一分钟内制造一张750米长、6米宽的纸。
因此，正确答案是C。
44 . D
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。We have had paper cups, plates, and dishes for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables and even beds can be made of paper. The newest thing made of paper in the world may be a paper house. 我们曾很长时间有纸杯、纸盘。但现在我们听说椅子、桌子甚至床都可以用纸制造。世界最新的纸制品可能是纸房子。
因此，正确答案是D。
45 . B
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Terrafugia Company has said that its flying car, named Transition, has successfully finished a 37-second test flight. Terrafugia公司说它的飞行汽车Transition已经成功地完成了37秒的试飞。
因此，正确答案是B。
46 . D
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Transition is a two-seat airplane that can take off and land at airports as well as drive on roads.Transition是一架既可以在飞机场起飞和降落也可以在路上驾驶的两座位飞机。
因此，正确答案是D。
47 . A
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The company said that the flying car can travel at speeds up to 115 mph in the air 这个公司说它的飞行汽车在空中可以以每小时115英里的速度飞行。
因此，正确答案是A。
48 . C
【解析】
此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The company said that the flying car can travel at speeds up to 115 mph in the air, drive at highway speeds on the ground, and fold up (折叠) to fit in a garage (车库) 81 inches wide and 80 inches high.该公司说飞行汽车可以以每小时115英里的速度在空中飞行，在地面上以公路上的速度行驶，折叠起来适合81英寸宽80英寸高的车库。But some people say this is a going airplane rather than a flying car, at least on the appearance. 但是一些人说这是一架会跑的飞机而不是飞行汽车，至少在外观上。
因此，正确答案是C。
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