2022届高考英语二轮复习：五种简单句的用法及练习题讲义（含答案）
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五种简单句的用法及练习题
2022届高考英语语法总复习
一 主语+不及物动词(S+V)
本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成，常用来表示主语的动作。在此种句型中，谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语等，充当状语。此类动词常见的有：read, sell, wash, write, arrive, talk, sing等。
例 The concert tickets sold well. 演唱会门票很畅销。
This kind of cloth wahes well. 这种布料很耐洗。
Our teacher talked for half an hour. 我们老师讲了半个小时。
The members of the club arrived at noon. 俱乐部成员们是中午抵达的。
二 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾结构）(S+V+O)
此结构由“主语+谓语+宾语”构成，其中谓语动词须是及物动词或及物动词短语，宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分，例如代词、动名词、不定式等。在此结构中，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
例 Will you spend your holidays abroad this year 你今年去国外度假吗
My mother suggested taking a walk. 我母亲建议去散步。
I could not afford to pay so much for a coat. 我付不起这么多钱买一件外套。
拓 有些谓语动词（短语）后既可以接不定式作宾语又可以接动名词作宾语，如：remember, forget, stop, go on, try等，但意义会有所区别。如：
Did you remember to turn off the light 你记着关灯了吗？
I remembered turning off the light. 我记得已关了灯。
三 主语+系动词+表语(S+Link-V+P)
本结构由“主语+系动词+表语”构成，主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。在此结构中，谓语动词为系动词，不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。常见的系动词有：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。
例 Everything looks different after that. 在那之后，一切看来都不同了。（形容词作表语）
Later the boy became a scientist. 后来，这个男孩成了一名科学家。（名词作表语）
Bruce’s room is upstairs. 布鲁斯的房间在楼上。（副词作表语）
This is of importance. 这很重要。（介词短语作表语）
You’re not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不太好。（反身代词作表语）
四 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
在此结构中，谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说，指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，此时需在间接宾语前加介词for或to。
例 The teacher brought me a new dictionary. 老师给我带来了一本新字典。
My grandma showed me her pictures. 奶奶给我看她的照片。
The man gave my car a wash. 男子帮我洗了车。
I told him that the train was late. 我告诉他火车晚点了。
He showed me how to run the computer. 他给我演示如何操作电脑。
拓 此句型中常见的接双宾语的动词：
1） 用to变换间接宾语的动词：give, hand, offer, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。如：
Could you show me the photo =Could you show the photo to me 你能把那张照片给我看看吗？
2） 用for变换间接宾语的动词：make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。如：
He bought me a glass of milk.=He bought a glass of milk for me. 他为我买了一杯牛奶。
五 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)
用 此结构中，谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式和分词。
例 I would make him do the homework on time. 我会让他按时完成作业。（不定式作宾补）
Please cut the stick short. 请把这根棍子砍短。（形容词作宾补）
The police put the thief in prison. 警察把这小偷关进了监狱。（介词短语作宾补）
拓 常见的接宾语补足语的动词
1） 接名词作宾补的动词：find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, leave等。如：
They usually call the boy little John. 他们通常叫那男孩小约翰。
2） 接形容词作宾补的动词：keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, set, turn, drive, cut, consider等。如：
I think he will make her happy. 我想他会让她幸福的。
3） 接分词、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词：see, notice, hear, watch, observe, make等。如：
I hear her crying in the room. 我听见她正在屋里哭。
4） 有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型，即“主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正的宾语”。用于这一结构常见的动词有think, find, consider等。如：
I find it impossible to work out the problem in this way. 我认为用这种方法不可能做出这道题。
注 在使役动词make, let, have等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式，则要省去不定式符号to，但是当这些使役动词用于被动语态中，充当主语补足语的不定式中的to不可省略。如：
Tom was made to clean the room by himself. 汤姆被迫自己打扫这个房间。
EXERCISE
01. Fred is always ______ because he often does something good for his health outdoors.
A. Weak B. nervous C. serious D. energetic
02. Of all the subjects, English is ______ for me.
A. Interesting B. more interesting
C. the most interesting D. much more interesting
03. Though he is ______ at home, he doesn’t feel ______ for he has many things to do.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone
C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
04. Mary called and asked her husband ______ home at once, because she locked their daughter in the home.
A. to leave B. leave C. go D. to go
05. —Excuse me. Could you tell me ______ get to the nearest post office
—Sorry, I am new here.
A. how can I B. how I could C. how to D. what I can
06. When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ______ Chinese Taiji.
A. Do B. did C. doing D. are doing
07. Our teacher often tells us ______ in the river. It’s dangerous.
A. don’t swim B. not swim
C. not to swim D. not swimming
08. At times, parents find it difficult ______ with their teenage children.
A. Talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk
09. He wants to have his TV ______.
A. Repairing B. repaired C. to repair D. be repaired
10. Remember ______ off the lights when you leave the room, please.
A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. have returned
11. I found a letter ______ on the floor when I came into the classroom.
A. Lying B. lay C. lie D. lies
12. Many young people took part in ______ trees on the Tree Planting Day.
A. Planting B. plants C. to plant D. plant
13. He lost his key. It made him ______ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return．
A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay
14. Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs ______ so that it can be reused.
A. Collected B. be collected C. to collect D. collecting
15. It was time for class. Mr. King asked all the children ______ down quietly.
A. Sit B. sat C. to sit D. sitting
16. Colors can change our moods(情绪) and make us ______ happy or sad.
A. Feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling
17. —Why don’t you go out to play, Rose
—I’m afraid I can’t. I have much homework ______.
A. Do B. does C. doing D. to do
18. —Tim played the guitar very well in the school talent show.
—I think so. He practices ______ it every day.
A. Play B. playing C. to play D. plays
19. Please tell me ______ next.
A. how to do it B. what to do it C. how do it D. what do it
20. —At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
—Yes. More chances ______ to students to learn from each other.
A. Offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering
答案
01-05 DCADC 06-10 CCDBA
11-15 AADDC 16-20 ADBAB
2022届高考英语语法总复习
一 主语+不及物动词(S+V)
本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成，常用来表示主语的动作。在此种句型中，谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语等，充当状语。此类动词常见的有：read, sell, wash, write, arrive, talk, sing等。
例 The concert tickets sold well. 演唱会门票很畅销。
This kind of cloth wahes well. 这种布料很耐洗。
Our teacher talked for half an hour. 我们老师讲了半个小时。
The members of the club arrived at noon. 俱乐部成员们是中午抵达的。
二 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾结构）(S+V+O)
此结构由“主语+谓语+宾语”构成，其中谓语动词须是及物动词或及物动词短语，宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分，例如代词、动名词、不定式等。在此结构中，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
例 Will you spend your holidays abroad this year 你今年去国外度假吗
My mother suggested taking a walk. 我母亲建议去散步。
I could not afford to pay so much for a coat. 我付不起这么多钱买一件外套。
拓 有些谓语动词（短语）后既可以接不定式作宾语又可以接动名词作宾语，如：remember, forget, stop, go on, try等，但意义会有所区别。如：
Did you remember to turn off the light 你记着关灯了吗？
I remembered turning off the light. 我记得已关了灯。
三 主语+系动词+表语(S+Link-V+P)
本结构由“主语+系动词+表语”构成，主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。在此结构中，谓语动词为系动词，不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。常见的系动词有：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。
例 Everything looks different after that. 在那之后，一切看来都不同了。（形容词作表语）
Later the boy became a scientist. 后来，这个男孩成了一名科学家。（名词作表语）
Bruce’s room is upstairs. 布鲁斯的房间在楼上。（副词作表语）
This is of importance. 这很重要。（介词短语作表语）
You’re not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不太好。（反身代词作表语）
四 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
在此结构中，谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说，指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，此时需在间接宾语前加介词for或to。
例 The teacher brought me a new dictionary. 老师给我带来了一本新字典。
My grandma showed me her pictures. 奶奶给我看她的照片。
The man gave my car a wash. 男子帮我洗了车。
I told him that the train was late. 我告诉他火车晚点了。
He showed me how to run the computer. 他给我演示如何操作电脑。
拓 此句型中常见的接双宾语的动词：
1） 用to变换间接宾语的动词：give, hand, offer, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。如：
Could you show me the photo =Could you show the photo to me 你能把那张照片给我看看吗？
2） 用for变换间接宾语的动词：make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。如：
He bought me a glass of milk.=He bought a glass of milk for me. 他为我买了一杯牛奶。
五 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)
用 此结构中，谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式和分词。
例 I would make him do the homework on time. 我会让他按时完成作业。（不定式作宾补）
Please cut the stick short. 请把这根棍子砍短。（形容词作宾补）
The police put the thief in prison. 警察把这小偷关进了监狱。（介词短语作宾补）
拓 常见的接宾语补足语的动词
1） 接名词作宾补的动词：find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, leave等。如：
They usually call the boy little John. 他们通常叫那男孩小约翰。
2） 接形容词作宾补的动词：keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, set, turn, drive, cut, consider等。如：
I think he will make her happy. 我想他会让她幸福的。
3） 接分词、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词：see, notice, hear, watch, observe, make等。如：
I hear her crying in the room. 我听见她正在屋里哭。
4） 有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型，即“主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正的宾语”。用于这一结构常见的动词有think, find, consider等。如：
I find it impossible to work out the problem in this way. 我认为用这种方法不可能做出这道题。
注 在使役动词make, let, have等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式，则要省去不定式符号to，但是当这些使役动词用于被动语态中，充当主语补足语的不定式中的to不可省略。如：
Tom was made to clean the room by himself. 汤姆被迫自己打扫这个房间。
EXERCISE
01. Fred is always ______ because he often does something good for his health outdoors.
A. Weak B. nervous C. serious D. energetic
02. Of all the subjects, English is ______ for me.
A. Interesting B. more interesting
C. the most interesting D. much more interesting
03. Though he is ______ at home, he doesn’t feel ______ for he has many things to do.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone
C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
04. Mary called and asked her husband ______ home at once, because she locked their daughter in the home.
A. to leave B. leave C. go D. to go
05. —Excuse me. Could you tell me ______ get to the nearest post office
—Sorry, I am new here.
A. how can I B. how I could C. how to D. what I can
06. When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ______ Chinese Taiji.
A. Do B. did C. doing D. are doing
07. Our teacher often tells us ______ in the river. It’s dangerous.
A. don’t swim B. not swim
C. not to swim D. not swimming
08. At times, parents find it difficult ______ with their teenage children.
A. Talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk
09. He wants to have his TV ______.
A. Repairing B. repaired C. to repair D. be repaired
10. Remember ______ off the lights when you leave the room, please.
A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. have returned
11. I found a letter ______ on the floor when I came into the classroom.
A. Lying B. lay C. lie D. lies
12. Many young people took part in ______ trees on the Tree Planting Day.
A. Planting B. plants C. to plant D. plant
13. He lost his key. It made him ______ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return．
A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay
14. Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs ______ so that it can be reused.
A. Collected B. be collected C. to collect D. collecting
15. It was time for class. Mr. King asked all the children ______ down quietly.
A. Sit B. sat C. to sit D. sitting
16. Colors can change our moods(情绪) and make us ______ happy or sad.
A. Feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling
17. —Why don’t you go out to play, Rose
—I’m afraid I can’t. I have much homework ______.
A. Do B. does C. doing D. to do
18. —Tim played the guitar very well in the school talent show.
—I think so. He practices ______ it every day.
A. Play B. playing C. to play D. plays
19. Please tell me ______ next.
A. how to do it B. what to do it C. how do it D. what do it
20. —At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
—Yes. More chances ______ to students to learn from each other.
A. Offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering
答案
01-05 DCADC 06-10 CCDBA
11-15 AADDC 16-20 ADBAB