2022届高考英语完形填空专项训练 科普知识类（含解析）

2022届高考英语完形填空专项训练 科普知识类
一．完形填空（共10小题）
1．One day I was walking to the mailbox with my dad，when I saw something drop from a tree．I couldn't（41）　 　 what it was，so I kept my eyes on the spot as we came near．It was a baby bird，which had fallen from its nest．It had long，awkward wings and feet，and（42）　 　 that fought to stay open．It was（43）　 　，so I sat next to it watching while my dad got the mail．I（44）　 　its nest and mother，（45）　 　 what would happen to it．
My dad and we had to（46）　 　 it；there was nothing we could do．He said if the bird mother smelled any traces（踪迹）of（47）　 　，she wouldn't go near the（48）　 　 again．
As we began to walk away，a woman（49）　 　．"Did it fall out of a nest？"she asked．
"Yeah．"I answered．
"It（50）　 　 a lot．Not much we can do，"she said．"Try not to think about it when you go to sleep tonight．"
I walked（51）　 　 the mailbox the next day．The baby bird lay（52）　 　 in the grass．
I realize that"Try not to think about it"is the（53）　 　 of many people towards things which（54）　 　 to provide them with perfect excuses（55）　 　 not bothering．The woman wasn't being（56）　 　；she was actually quite nice．But when everyone says"there's（57）　 　I can do﹣﹣﹣just try not to think about it，"Where will we finally （58）　 　？When billions of people（59）　 　try not to think about it When they go to bed at night，there might be millions of fallen birds lying dead and （60）　 　 in the grass the next morning．
41．A．say B．talk C．speak D．tell
42．A．eyes B．arms C．feathers D．claws
43．A bored B．stupid C．lovely D．clever
44．A turned back B．stared at C．pointed to D．looked for
45．A suggesting B．deciding C．wondering D．finding
46．A help B．leave C．catch D．kill
47．A children B．humans C．animals D．insects
48．A tree B．grass C．baby D．person
49．A returned B．interrupted C．approached D．left
50．A happens B．cries C．suffers D．changes
51．A from B．beyond C．past D．into
52．A asleep B．dead C．still D．alive
53．A attitude B．feeling C．consideration D．understanding
54．A fail B．prove C．refuse D．seem
55．A from B．of C．about D．for
56．A cruel B．kind C．silly D．friendly
57．A something B．nothing C．everything D．anything
58．A start out B．come from C．settle down D．end up
59．A possibly B．simply C．particularly D．luckily
60．A forgotten B．buried C．eaten D．remembered．
2．When it comes to gift lists，I've never had to think about what I want．Since I was about four years old，every year I have asked my parents to （41）　 　 get me toys．All I have ever wanted was a （42）　 　 for my birthday or Christmas．（43）　 　，I didn't want a horse just to ride．I wanted a （44）　 　 horse which would give birth to a foal（小马驹），which would （45）　 　to be a champion harness﹣racing horse．That has always，always been my （46）　 　．
I guess you have to know a little about my family to （47）　 　．My mom and dad have been around harness﹣racing horses for a long time．When I was little，my（48）　 　 used to take me to the racetrack．Harness racing is a sport that's （49）　 　 to watch and do．I really enjoyed it．
When it came to my dream horse，I wanted to be able to（50）　 　 it from the time it was born．You could say that I wanted to be（51）　 　 a mom to my horse．And I always（52）　 　 that he would be a champion even before my horse was（53）　 　．My dad and my uncle and my grandpa tried to talk me out of all this，but I never（54）　 　．
Around my eighth birthday，my dad finally realized how（55）　 　 I was．Even though he was（56）　 　 trying to talk me out of it，he bought me a mother horse．My dad said that（57）　 　 she wasn't a champion，her foal probably wouldn't be（58）　 　．I thought he was（59）　 　，because I knew my horse would be a （60）　 　．
41．A．ever B．always C．never D．only
42．A．horse B．race C．cake D．toy
43．A．Anyway B．Instead C．However D．rather
44．A．mother B．young C．special D．common
45．A．get up B．go up C．wake up D．grow up
46．A．gift B．dream C．advice D．chance
47．A．decide B．agree C．understand D．choose
48．A．friends B．parents C．teachers D．teammates
49．A．difficult B．easy C．boring D．fun
50．A．pay for B．look for C．work for D．care for
51．A．like B．with C．beside D．beyond
52．A．suggested B．warned C．knew D．heard
53．A．bought B．born C．treated D．found
54．A．gave up B．passed by C．came back D．went out
55．A．strict B．happy C．kind D．serious
56．A．even B．still C．just D．already
57．A．although B．if C．when D．since
58．A．fast B．pretty C．sweet D．dangerous
59．A．fair B．wise C．wrong D．proud
60．A．beginner B．learner C．trainer D．winner
3．Dad had a green comb．He bought it when he married Mum．Every night，he would hand me his （26）　 　 and say，"Good girl，help Daddy clean it，OK？"
I was （27）　 　to do it．At age five，this dull task brought me such （28）　 　．I would excitedly turn the tap （29）　 　 and brush the comb carefully．Satisfied that I'd done a good job，I would happily return the comb to Dad．He would （30）　 　affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet．
Two years later，Dad started his own （31）　 　，which wasn't doing so well．That was when things started to （32）　 　．Dad didn't come home as early and as much as he used to．Mum and I became（33）　 　with him for placing our family in trouble．With（34）　 　，an uncomfortable silence grew between us．
After my graduation，Dad's business was getting back on track．On my 28th birthday，Dad came home （35）　 　．As usually I helped him carry his bags into his study．When I turned to leave，he said，"Hey，would you help me （36）　 　my comb？"I looked at him a while，then （37）　 　the comb and headed to the sink．
It hit me then：why，as a child，（38）　 　 Dad clean his comb was such a pleasure．That routine（习惯） meant Dad was home early to （39）　 　the evening with Mum and me．It （40）　 　 a happy and loving family．
I passed the clean comb back to Dad．He smiled at me and （41）　 　placed his comb on his wallet．But this time，I noticed something （42）　 　．Dad had aged．He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled，（43）　 　his smile was still as （44）　 　 as before，the smile of a father who just wanted a good （45）　 　 for his family．
26．A．bag B．wallet C．comb D．brush
27．A．annoyed B．relieved C．ashamed D．pleased
28．A．joy B．sadness C．courage D．pain
29．A．out B．over C．in D．on
30．A．stare B．smile C．shout D．laugh
31．A．family B．business C．task D．journey
32．A．progress B．change C．improve D．form
33．A．satisfied B．delighted C．mad D．strict
34．A．time B．patience C．speed D．ease
35．A．occasionally B．early C．frequently D．rarely
36．A．sharply B．repair C．clean D．keep
37．A．dropped B．took C．handed D．threw
38．A．watching B．letting C．helping D．hearing
39．A．find B．lose C．waste D．spend
40．A．affected B．broke C．meant D．supported
41．A．firmly B．hurriedly C．casually D．carefully
42．A．different B．exciting C．interesting D．urgent
43．A．for B．or C．so D．yet
44．A．convincing B．heartwarming C．cautious D．innocent
45．A．origin B．life C．reputation D．education．
4．Who hasn't felt lonely or sad at times？We all have days when we feel down or overwhelmed with life，and we may even go through periods when we have a really （1）　 　 case of the blues．If we take a closer look，however，there's often an identifiable （2）　 　behind those feelings：a loss，an emotional or physical blow of some kind．
Grief over the death of a loved one，the end of a relationship，the loss of a job，or some other type of extreme （3）　 　may cause us to feel a bit hopeless and miserable （4）　 　．Having those sad feelings doesn't （5）　 　mean we're depressed﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣it might just be our normal and understandable reaction to life's hardships．
So how do we know if we，or someone we care about，are suffering from （6）　 　rather than just ordinary sadness？It's not always easy to tell the （7）　 　．The short，quick answer is that sadness is a temporary emotion，（8）　 　with a identifiable cause，while depression （9）　 　for longer periods of time；sometimes forever，and often for no （10）　 　reason．
Recognizing depression can be extremely （11）　 　．There are many signs of this condition that you may have not considered，and to make it even harder，the signs and symptoms （12）　 　greatly from person to person，as does the severity．Worse，it's harder to （13）　 　the signs when you are in the midst of depression already，which is why other people often notice before the depressed individual does．
If left untreated，depression can worsen，causing the gradual destruction of life and （14）　 　life threatened．Proper diagnosis（诊断） and （15）　 　is the only way to defeat depression﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣it won't go away on its own．
1．A．simple B．different C．tough D．comfortable
2．A．effect B．cause C．condition D．result
3．A．incident B．sorrow C．hardship D．failure
4．A．temporarily B．permanently C．gently D．frequently
5．A．luckily B．actually C．exactly D．necessarily
6．A．loneliness B．depression C．trouble D．bitterness
7．A．difference B．relation C．meaning D．effect
8．A．never B．sometimes C．usually D．recently
9．A．leaves B．lives C．applies D．lasts
10．A．acceptable B．valuable C．changeable D．recognizable
11．A．worth B．difficult C．easy D．interesting
12．A．vary B．increase C．improve D．decline
13．A．judge B．recognize C．notice D．remove
14．A．slowly B．lately C．immediately D．finally
15．A．treatment B．rest C．service D．comfort
5．How long can human beings live？Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is （1）　 　 to live no longer than 120 years．However，110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live﹣﹣if he or she is （2）　 　 healthy and lucky．Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years!Yet，our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce （3）　 　．They wear out，and as a result，we get old and （4）　 　 die．
Even though we can't live forever，we are living a （5）　 　 life than ever before．In 1900，the average American life span （寿命） was only 47 years，but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then？Sixty﹣five may be out﹣of﹣date as the （6）　 　line between middle age and old age．After all，many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental （7）　 　until after age 75．
People are living longer because more people （8）　 　 childhood．Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature，many children died of common childhood （9）　 　．Now that the chances of dying （10）　 　 are much lower，the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care．
On the whole，our population is getting older．The（11）　 　 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life．Some people fear such changes will be for the worse，while some see（12）　 　，not disaster，many men and women in their"golden years"are healthy，still active，and young in （13）　 　 if not in age．
As the society grows old，we need the （14）　 　 of our older citizens．With long lives ahead of them，they need to （15）　 　 active and devoted．
（1）A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered
（2）A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely
（3）A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately
（4）A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately
（5）A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier
（6）A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing
（7）A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure
（8）A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value
（9）A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases
（10）A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet
（11）A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases
（12）A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices
（13）A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement
（14）A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission
（15）A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay
6．In the United States， there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013. In fact，for decades， there has been a general（1）　 　 trend in the number of accidents per departure.
Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures，but commercial aviation（航空）seems to be a（n）（2）　 　. Since the 1960s，U.S. commercial aviation has become significantly more complex，and yet， flying has become safer. What lies behind this remarkable trend is a handful of smart approaches to（3）　 　. Here are two of them.
1.Teach people to speak up﹣and to listen
A common error during airplane accidents used to be the（4）　 　of first officers to question the captain's poor decisions. When the captain was flying the airplane， he was hard to challenge， and his mistakes went（5）　 　.
All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management（CRM）. The program revolutionized the（6）　 　not just of the cockpit（机舱） but also of the whole industry. It reframed safety as a（7）　 　 issue and put all crew members on more equal footing. It was no longer（8）　 　to question the decisions of a superior； it was required. And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement.
The lesson isn't simply that people lower down in the（9）　 　 should speak up and higher﹣ups should listen. What CRM has shown is that people can be taught to speak up and to listen. The ability to express and embrace（10）　 　 isn't hardwired in our personality or cultural background； it's a skill we can learn.
2. Learn from small failures and close calls
In 1976， the US Federal Aviation Administration created an industry﹣wide system to collect safety reports. The Aviation Safety Reporting System（ASRS） collects thousands of reports each month. Beyond receiving immunity（豁免权） for a mistake，it's a point of（11）　 　 for pilots to submit ASRS reports. They know the reports make air travel safer. The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can（12）　 　，and National Aeronautics and Space Administration（NASA） highlights safety trends in its monthly newsletter， Callback.
Here， too， there is a（13）　 　 lesson. Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might（14）　 　 in our system. Mistakes shouldn't be（15）　 　. By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures， we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.
（1）A. similar B. steady C. long﹣term D. downward
（2）A. example B. exception C. symbol D. alternative
（3）A. assessment B. management C. competition D. contribution
（4）A. failure B. effort C. pressure D. convenience
（5）A. predictable B. imaginary C. unchecked D. unforgiven
（6）A. performance B. structure C. culture D. standard
（7）A. team B. state C. side D. policy
（8）A. immoral B. unrewarding C. disrespectful D. inconvenient
（9）A. age B. position C. salary D. attractiveness
（10）A. excitement B. discomfort C. respect D. disagreement
（11）A. pride B. sacrifice C. entertainment D. literacy
（12）A. create B. afford C. analyze D. access
（13）A. broader B. clearer C. more bitter D. more costly
（14）A. break out B. go wrong C. take shape D. slow down
（15）A. obstacles B. failures C. experiments D. secrets
7．AI automates repetitive learning and discovery discovery through data． But AI is different from hardware﹣driven， robotic automation． Instead of automating （1）　 　 tasks， AI performs frequent， high﹣volume， computerized tasks reliably and without tiredness． For this type of automation， human （2）　 　 is still essential to set up the system and ask the right questions．
AI adds intelligence to existing products． In most cases， AI will not be sold as an individual application． Rather， products you already use will be improved with AI （3）　 　， much like Siri was added as a feature to a new generation of Apple products． Automation， conversational platforms and smart machines can be combined with large amounts of data to improve many technologies at home and in the workplace， from security （4）　 　 to investment analysis．
AI adapts through progressive learning algorithms（演算法）to let the data do the programming． AI finds structure and （5）　 　 in data so that the algorithm acquires a skill： The algorithm becomes a classifier or a predicator． So， just as the algorithm can teach itself how to play chess， it can teach itself what product to recommend next online． And the models adapt when given new data． Back propagation（传播、扩展）is an AI （6）　 　 that allows the model to adjust， through training and added data， when the first answer is not quite right．
AI （7）　 　 more and deeper data using neural（神经）networks that have many hidden layers． Building a cheating detection system with five hidden layers was almost impossible a few years ago． All that has changed with incredible computer power and big data． You need lots of data to （8）　 　 deep learning models because they learn directly from the data． The more data you can （9）　 　 them， the more accurate they become．
AI achieves incredible accuracy through deep neural networks ﹣ which was （10）　 　 impossible． For example， your （11）　 　 with Alexa， Google Search and Google Photos are all based on deep learning ﹣ and they keep getting more accurate the more we use them． In the medical field， AI techniques from deep learning， image （12）　 　 and object recognition can now be used to find cancer on MRIs with the same accuracy as （13）　 　 trained radiologists．
AI gets the most out of data． When algorithms are self﹣learning， the data itself can become intellectual property． The answers are in the data； you just have to apply AI to get them out． Since the role of the data is now more important than ever before， it can create a competitive （14）　 　． If you have the best data in a competitive industry， even if everyone is （15）　 　 similar techniques， the best data will win．
（1）A． mental B． manual C． magic D． mysterious
（2）A． inquiry B． right C． value D． resource
（3）A． responsibilities B． certificates C． possibilities D． capabilities
（4）A． consideration B． intention C． intelligence D． consciousness
（5）A． regularities B． forms C． conclusions D． characteristics
（6）A． trick B． technique C． feature D． concept
（7）A． explores B． investigates C． analyzes D． nails
（8）A． study B． promote C． follow D． train
（9）A． feed B． install C． collect D． deposit
（10）A． previously B． hardly C． formally D． almost
（11）A． connections B． combinations C． interactions D． innovations
（12）A． classification B． demonstration C． description D． elimination
（13）A． psychologically B． highly C． technically D． physically
（14）A． stress B． atmosphere C． advantage D． market
（15）A． adjusting B． reforming C． creating D． applying
8．
The Last Robot﹣Proof Job in America？
You can get most food，such as warm cookies or vodka，to your doorstep in minutes.But try getting a red snapper （红鲷鱼）.Until recently，if you could obtain it，it would likely have been pre﹣frozen and shipped in from overseas.
A new tech startup is aiming to （1）　 　this situation.Based inside the Fulton Fish Market，a seafood wholesale market，the startup，called ，allows customers across the whole country，both restaurants and individuals，to buy from the market.The fish is shipped （2）　 　，rather than frozen，thanks to an Amazon advanced logistics system.Mike Spindler，the company's C.E.O.，said recently， "I can get a fish to Warren Buffett，that's as fresh as if he'd walked down to the pier （码头） and bought it that morning."
There is one thing， （3）　 　，that the sophisticated logistics system cannot do：pick out a fish.If Warren Buffett orders a red snapper，the company needs to （4）　 　 that his fish is actually red snapper，and not some other.According to the ocean﹣conservation organization，more than 20% of the seafood in restaurants and grocery stores in America is（5）　 　.For this task，the company has employed Robert DiGregorio，a forty﹣seven﹣year veteran of the business，who possesses a blend of judgement and （6）　 　 knowledge that，so far，computers have yet to replicate.
"（7）　 　 the food﹣safety stuff，our business could be any market from the last three thousand years of human history，" Spindler told me.He is experienced in the （8）　 　 business.When he arrived at the fish market in 2014，people were cautious. "They thought selling fish on the Internet was（9）　 　." DiGregorio said，speaking for the fishmongers（鱼贩）. "They didn't see how it could possibly work." Five years ago，DeGregorio didn't know how to use a computer，but when the Web﹣site people arrived at the market，he sensed an opportunity.Together，they've created a human﹣machine fish﹣buying operation.
By 1 a.m.each night，the company collects（10）　 　 from around the country and sends them to DiGregorio.He heads into the market，carrying his tablet computer.The company's algorithms （11）　 　 data on their sources and can tell DiGregorio，for example，which stall to go to get the best tuna （金枪鱼）.The computer is a "learning system，"，so if DiGregorio makes a choice it didn't （12）　 　，it asks， "Was the fish not available？Was it damaged？" All that information is fed back in for next time.
Then，what can a fishmonger see that a computer can't？DeGregorio showed me his part of the （13）　 　 process. "I'm assessing a few things，" he said.First，（14）　 　.Fish should have "nice" slime（粘液）.Then，smell.He sniffed the air above the box. "when fish goes bad，it smells like ammonia." Besides，to get the best stuff，"Fishmongers have to have a relationship with you.To trust you." He added.
Is he ever（15）　 　being replaced by the learning system of computers？DiGregorio shrugged. "By the time they invent a computer that can do what I can do，" he said， "I'll be dead."
（1）A.maintain B.remedy C.substitute D.recognize
（2）A.free B.overseas C.separate D.fresh
（3）A.therefore B.otherwise C.however D.thus
（4）A.ensure B.propose C.concede D.remind
（5）A.overpriced B.misidentified C.displaced D.modified
（6）A.computer B.cuisine C.fish D.marketing
（7）A.Rather than B.Thanks to C.Except for D.Prior to
（8）A.fund﹣raising B.online﹣grocery C.fish﹣selling D.non﹣profit
（9）A.significant B.worthy C.responsible D.ridiculous
（10）A.sales B.orders C.alternatives D.statistics
（11）A.analyze B.supply C.prioritize D.feed
（12）A.require B.process C.predict D.value
（13）A.calculation B.decoding C.correction D.selection
（14）A.smash B.touch C.wipe D.roll
（15）A.concerned about B.eager for C.delighted with D.capable of
9．A study from Switzerland's Université de Genève（UNIGE）looked to answer the question of which came first： a decrease in physical activity or cognitive（认知的） decline？
"Interrelationships have been（1）　 　between these two factors，particularly in terms of memory but also regarding the growth and survival of new neurons（神经元）." said Boris Cheval，a researcher at UNIGE'S Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences（CISA）in a press release. "But we have never yet（2）　 　tested which comes first：Does physical activity prevent a decline in cognitive skills or（3）　 　？That's what we wanted to （4）　 　."
Earlier studies have considered that physical activity（5）　 　cognitive decline. But according to Cheval，recent studies may（6）　 　that past research has "only told half the story…since those recent studies demonstrate that our brain is（7）　 　when it comes to engaging in physical activity."
Researchers at UNIGE tested the two possible（8）　 　by using data from the Survey of Health，Aging and Retirement in Europe，a socioeconomic database covering more than 25 countries across the continent.
Over the course of 12 years， 105， 206 adults（9）　 　in age from 50 to go were tested every two years on their cognitive abilities and their physical activity.
Researchers（10）　 　cognitive abilities with a verbal fluency test that saw participants name as many animals as they could in 60 seconds. They also tested cognitive abilities with a（11）　 　test where they memorized 10 words before reciting them. Physical activity was measured using a scale from 1 to 4. A 1 indicated participants "never"（12）　 　physical activity while a 4 meant they were physically（13）　 　"more than once a week".
The study found that the（14）　 　of what past studies concluded was true ﹣ cognitive abilities mostly influence physical activity， not the other way around.
"This study backs up our theory that the brain has to make a real effort to get out of a sitting lifestyle and that by（15）　 　cognitive capabilities， physical activity will follow，" Cheval said.
（1）A. neglected B. prevented C. confused D. established
（2）A. formally B. separately C. individually D. casually
（3）A. at times B. vice versa C. by chance D. in part
（4）A. release B. admit C. confirm D. oppose
（5）A. prevents B. encourages C. influences D. reduces
（6）A. mislead B. contradict C. ignore D. indicate
（7）A. abandoned B. involved C. entertained D. processed
（8）A. factors B. elements C. options D. subjects
（9）A. ranging B. judging C. expanding D. varying
（10）A. balanced B. restricted C. surveyed D. measured
（11）A. observation B. reflection C. memory D. imitation
（12）A. concerned about B. engaged in C. stood for D. gave up
（13）A. motionless B. casual C. active D. passive
（14）A. consequence B. similarity C. difference D. opposite
（15）A. working on B. reflecting over C. crossing out D. putting off
10．"We didn't really find a good role model of any country doing things sustainably，" says Daniel O'Neill at the University of Leeds， UK. "We need to do things in a completely different way if we are to have any hope of achieving a good life for all people on the planet."
O'Neill and his colleagues（1）　 　 each country's sustainability by adding up how it used， produced or affected seven things.These were water， phosphorus， nitrogen， carbon dioxide emissions， landuse change， ecological footprint and material consumption.
The team also used 11 measures to assess whether citizens had good lives. Some were basic needs or expectations like nutrition， access to energy and long life expectancy. The others（2）　 　 social stability， like income， education， equality， social support and employment prospects.
A（n） ideal country would score zero for resource overshoot and 11 for citizen well﹣being： everyone's needs would be met and no natural resources destroyed.
Rich countries overshoot their limits to feed their lifestyles. "The USA transgresses（超越） all seven planetary boundary indicators， but …scores relatively（3）　 　 on the social targets， achieving nine out of 11，" says team member Julia Steinberger at the University of Leeds.The UK did（4）　 　 breaking five boundaries，but reaching eight social targets. "They could be described as 'well﹣off over﹣consumers'，" she says.
However， South Africa transgresses the same natural boundaries as the UK， but（5）　 　 only one social target： nutrition. It is a "dysfunctional over﹣consumer"， says Steinberger， "because its consumption doesn't seem to result in a better life." Some poor countries， like Malawi and Senegal， keep within planetary﹣ boundaries， but reach none of the social targets.
A few countries are better at balancing well﹣being and（6）　 　 .They include Sri Lanka﹣which goes beyond no natural limits ﹣Vietnam and Moldova.（7）　 　 ，none meets all the well﹣being targets.
"The（8）　 　 provides a critical reminder of the tremendous challenge facing humanity，" says Johan Rockstrom of Stockholm University in Sweden.
"We can no longer balance that simply letting the market decide what is best for us will lead to anything but disaster，" says Steinberger.
O'Neill's team says poorer countries should（9）　 　 basic needs， which can be met without overshooting limits.Citizens of rich countries should rethink what they need."Life satisfaction" scores improved only marginally for every ecological limit broken， so scaling back on luxuries could have big environmental benefits.
"Some of the strongest determinants of life satisfaction are good health； strong family and community relationships； economic security in the form of employment or higher incomes； and relative rather than absolute（10）　 　 with respect to the rest of one's society，" says Steinberger. "There's a lot we can learn about how to move to lower material forms of life satisfaction."
（1）A. kept B. criticised C. praised D. rated
（2）A. endangered B. promoted C. reflected D. changed
（3）A. highly B. lowly C. disappointingly D. unexpectedly
（4）A. well B. similarly C. creatively D. otherwise
（5）A. misses B. cancels C. sets D. achieves
（6）A. reliability B. independence C. sustainability D. productivity
（7）A. Initially B. Moreover C. Therefore D. However
（8）A. description B. analysis C. balance D. limitation
（9）A. discover B. prioritise C. neglect D. monitor
（10）A. harmony B. security C. health D. wealth
2022届高考英语完形填空专项训练 科普知识类
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共10小题）
1．One day I was walking to the mailbox with my dad，when I saw something drop from a tree．I couldn't（41）　D　 what it was，so I kept my eyes on the spot as we came near．It was a baby bird，which had fallen from its nest．It had long，awkward wings and feet，and（42）　A　 that fought to stay open．It was（43）　C　，so I sat next to it watching while my dad got the mail．I（44）　D　its nest and mother，（45）　C　 what would happen to it．
My dad and we had to（46）　 　 it；there was nothing we could do．He said if the bird mother smelled any traces（踪迹）of（47）　 　，she wouldn't go near the（48）　C　 again．
As we began to walk away，a woman（49）　C　．"Did it fall out of a nest？"she asked．
"Yeah．"I answered．
"It（50）　A　 a lot．Not much we can do，"she said．"Try not to think about it when you go to sleep tonight．"
I walked（51）　C　 the mailbox the next day．The baby bird lay（52）　 　 in the grass．
I realize that"Try not to think about it"is the（53）　A　 of many people towards things which（54）　D　 to provide them with perfect excuses（55）　D　 not bothering．The woman wasn't being（56）　A　；she was actually quite nice．But when everyone says"there's（57）　 　I can do﹣﹣﹣just try not to think about it，"Where will we finally （58）　D　？When billions of people（59）　 　try not to think about it When they go to bed at night，there might be millions of fallen birds lying dead and （60）　A　 in the grass the next morning．
41．A．say B．talk C．speak D．tell
42．A．eyes B．arms C．feathers D．claws
43．A bored B．stupid C．lovely D．clever
44．A turned back B．stared at C．pointed to D．looked for
45．A suggesting B．deciding C．wondering D．finding
46．A help B．leave C．catch D．kill
47．A children B．humans C．animals D．insects
48．A tree B．grass C．baby D．person
49．A returned B．interrupted C．approached D．left
50．A happens B．cries C．suffers D．changes
51．A from B．beyond C．past D．into
52．A asleep B．dead C．still D．alive
53．A attitude B．feeling C．consideration D．understanding
54．A fail B．prove C．refuse D．seem
55．A from B．of C．about D．for
56．A cruel B．kind C．silly D．friendly
57．A something B．nothing C．everything D．anything
58．A start out B．come from C．settle down D．end up
59．A possibly B．simply C．particularly D．luckily
60．A forgotten B．buried C．eaten D．remembered．
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者和父亲发现一只从树上掉落的小鸟的故事．文章告诉我们遇到问题时，我们即使无能为力也不应回避，想办法解决问题才是对待问题的正确态度．
【解答】41．D．考查动词基本含义的辨析．say说，；talk谈话，讨论；speak说（语言），演讲；tell告诉，辨别．根据语意作者无法分辨那是什么，故选D．
42．A．考查名词基本含义的辨析．eyes眼；arms胳膊；feathers羽毛；claws爪子．根据语意它有着又长又笨拙的翅膀和双脚，还有努力睁开的双眼，选A．
43．C．考查限定词基本含义的辨析．bored烦人的；stupid愚笨的；lovely可爱的；clever聪明的．根据语意它很可爱，所以作者在父亲去拿信的时候坐在它的旁边观察，选C．
44．D．考查动词短语的基本含义的辨析．turned back转回到；stared at瞪着；pointed to指向；looked for寻找．根据语意作者在寻找它的鸟巢和它妈妈，答案故选D．
45．C．考查动词基本含义的辨析．suggesting 建议；deciding决定；wondering 想知道；finding找到，发现．根据语意作者想知道它怎么了，答案故选C．
46．B．考查动词基本含义的辨析．help帮助；leave离开；catch接住，抓住；kill杀．根据语意父亲说"我们"不得不离开，因为"我们"什么也做不了，答案选B．
47．B．考查名词基本含义的辨析．children孩子们；humans人类；animals动物；insects昆虫．根据语意如果鸟妈妈觉察到人类的踪迹它就不会靠近它的孩子，选B．
48．C．考查名词基本含义的辨析．tree 树；grass草；baby婴儿；person人．根据语意当"我们"走开时，一位女士走了过来，故选C．
49．C．考查动词基本含义的辨析．returned 回；interrupted中断；approached 走近；left离开．根据语意当"我们"走开时，一位女士走了过来故选C．
50．A．考查动词基本含义的辨析．Happens发生；cries哭；suffers遭受；changes 改变．根据语意女士说这种事经常发生，"我们"做不了太多选A．
51．C．考查介词基本含义的辨析．from 从；beyond 超过；past 过；into进入．根据语意作者第二天从信箱走过选C．
52．B．考查限定词基本含义的辨析．Asleep睡着的；dead死的；still 还；alive活着的．根据语意作者发现小鸟躺在草丛中死了，选B．
53．A．考查限定词基本含义的辨析．Attitude态度；feeling感情；consideration 会话；understanding理解．根据语意作者意识到女士说的"试着不要去想它"是很多人对这类事情的态度，故选A．
54．D．考查动词基本含义的辨析．fail 失败；prove证明；refuse拒绝；seem似乎．根据语意这种态度似乎为人们提供了不去烦恼的完美理由，故选D．
55．D．考查介词基本含义的辨析．From从；of …的；about大约，关于；for为．根据语意故选D．
56．A．考查限定词基本含义的辨析．Cruel残酷的；kind善良的；silly傻的；friendly有好的．根据语意这位女士并不残酷，事实上她非常好，故选A．
57．B．考查不定代词基本含义的辨析．something 某事；nothing没什么；everything每件事；anything任何事情．根据语意故选B．
58．D．考查动词短语的基本含义的辨析．start out 出发；come from来自于；settle down 定居；end up吃光．根据语意我们"最终会处于怎样的境地，故选D．
59．B．考查副词基本含义的辨析．Possibly可能地；simply简单地；particularly 特别地；luckily幸运地．根据语意当数十亿人只是试着不去想它，晚上（心安理得） 上床睡觉的时候，故选B．
60．A．考查动词基本含义的辨析．Forgotten忘记；buried 埋葬；eaten吃；remembered记得．根据语意第二天早上可能就有数百万从树上掉下来的小鸟躺在草丛里死了，然后被忘记了，故选A．
2．When it comes to gift lists，I've never had to think about what I want．Since I was about four years old，every year I have asked my parents to （41）　C　 get me toys．All I have ever wanted was a （42）　A　 for my birthday or Christmas．（43）　C　，I didn't want a horse just to ride．I wanted a （44）　A　 horse which would give birth to a foal（小马驹），which would （45）　D　to be a champion harness﹣racing horse．That has always，always been my （46）　 　．
I guess you have to know a little about my family to （47）　C　．My mom and dad have been around harness﹣racing horses for a long time．When I was little，my（48）　 　 used to take me to the racetrack．Harness racing is a sport that's （49）　D　 to watch and do．I really enjoyed it．
When it came to my dream horse，I wanted to be able to（50）　D　 it from the time it was born．You could say that I wanted to be（51）　A　 a mom to my horse．And I always（52）　C　 that he would be a champion even before my horse was（53）　 　．My dad and my uncle and my grandpa tried to talk me out of all this，but I never（54）　A　．
Around my eighth birthday，my dad finally realized how（55）　D　 I was．Even though he was（56）　 　 trying to talk me out of it，he bought me a mother horse．My dad said that（57）　D　 she wasn't a champion，her foal probably wouldn't be（58）　A　．I thought he was（59）　C　，because I knew my horse would be a （60）　D　．
41．A．ever B．always C．never D．only
42．A．horse B．race C．cake D．toy
43．A．Anyway B．Instead C．However D．rather
44．A．mother B．young C．special D．common
45．A．get up B．go up C．wake up D．grow up
46．A．gift B．dream C．advice D．chance
47．A．decide B．agree C．understand D．choose
48．A．friends B．parents C．teachers D．teammates
49．A．difficult B．easy C．boring D．fun
50．A．pay for B．look for C．work for D．care for
51．A．like B．with C．beside D．beyond
52．A．suggested B．warned C．knew D．heard
53．A．bought B．born C．treated D．found
54．A．gave up B．passed by C．came back D．went out
55．A．strict B．happy C．kind D．serious
56．A．even B．still C．just D．already
57．A．although B．if C．when D．since
58．A．fast B．pretty C．sweet D．dangerous
59．A．fair B．wise C．wrong D．proud
60．A．beginner B．learner C．trainer D．winner
【分析】本文讲述了作者过生日时从来没有向父母要过玩具，而是想要一匹母马，目的是让母马给自己生一只将来会成为赛马冠军的小马驹，尽管父母并不相信，最后还是给作者买了一匹母马，作者认为未来的小马驹就是冠军，并对此坚信不疑．
【解答】41﹣45 CACAD 46﹣50 BCBDD 51﹣55 ACBAD 56﹣60 BDACD
41．C 考查副词及上下文理解 根据下一句All I have ever wanted was a （42）for my birthday or Christmas．可知，作者从来都没有要过玩具作礼物，自己想要的就是一匹母马，故答案为C．
42．A 考查名词及上下文理解 根据下文I didn't want a horse just to ride可知，作者想要的生日礼物是一匹不仅仅可以被骑的马，故答案为A．
43．C 考查副词及上下文理解 根据前文可知，作者想要一匹马作为生日礼物，然而并不是仅仅想要一匹可以骑的马，前后属于转折关系，故答案为C．
44．A 考查名词及上下文理解 根据下文horse which would give birth to a foal（小马驹）及最后一段he bought me a mother horse，可知，作者想要一匹母马，可以生一匹小马驹，故答案为A．
45．D 考查动词短语及上下文理解 根据语境I wanted a （44）horse which would give birth to a foal（小马驹），which would （45）to be a champion harness﹣racing horse．可知，作者希望这匹小马驹可以"成长"为赛马冠军，故答案为D．
46．B 考查名词及上下文理解 根据下文When it came to my dream horse可知，把自己的小马驹培养成冠军一直是作者的梦想，故答案为B．
47．C 考查动词及上下文理解 根据句意I guess you have to know a little about my family to （47）可知，作者认为读者需要了解一下他的家庭才能理解他的梦想，故答案为C．
48．B 考查名词及上下文理解 根据前一句My mom and dad have been around harness﹣racing horses for a long time．可知，作者的父母带作者去赛马场，故答案为B．
49．D 考查形容词及上下文理解 根据下一句I really enjoyed it可知，作者认为赛马比赛非常有趣，很是喜欢，故答案为D．
50．D 考查动词短语 根据句意I wanted to be able to（50）it from the time it was born可知，作者想从小马驹一出生就开始照顾它，故答案为D．
51．A 考查介词及上下文理解 根据句意You could say that I wanted to be（51）a mom to my horse可知，你可以说我希望对我的马而言我就像妈妈一样，故答案为A．
52．C 考查动词及上下文理解 根据文章最后一句because I knew my horse would be a可知，作者知道自己的小马驹会成为一名赛马冠军的，故答案为C．
53．B 考查动词及上下文理解 根据前文可知，自己的小马驹还没有出生，但在作者的眼里它就已经是冠军了，故答案为B．
54．A 考查动词短语及上下文理解 根据前一句My dad and my uncle and my grandpa tried to talk me out of all this可知，作者自己的家人都劝作者不要那样想了，但是作者却从来没有放弃这样的想法，故答案为A．
55．D 考查形容词及上下文理解 根据下文he bought me a mother horse可知，作者的爸爸意识到作者是认真的，终于给作者买了一匹马，故答案为D．
56．B 考查副词及上下文理解 根据Even though he was（56）trying to talk me out of it，he bought me a mother horse可知，尽管如此作者的爸爸仍然劝说作者不要那样想了，但仍旧还是给作者买了一匹母马，故答案为B．
57．D 考查连词及上下文理解 根据句意可知，前后属于因果关系，作者的爸爸说既然这匹母马不是赛马冠军，那么她的孩子也很可能不会跑得很快，故答案为D．
58．A 考查形容词及上下文理解 根据前一句she wasn't a champion可知，作者的爸爸认为母马不是赛马冠军，那么这匹马的后代也不会跑得很快，故答案为A．
59．C 考查形容词及上下文理解 根据前面提到及下文because I knew my horse would be a可知，作者一直认为自己的小马驹就是冠军，爸爸的说法是错的，故答案为C．
60．D 考查名词及上下文理解 根据前文And I always（52）that he would be a champion 可知，在作者的心中，自己的小马驹就一直是冠军，故 答案为D．
3．Dad had a green comb．He bought it when he married Mum．Every night，he would hand me his （26）　C　 and say，"Good girl，help Daddy clean it，OK？"
I was （27）　D　to do it．At age five，this dull task brought me such （28）　A　．I would excitedly turn the tap （29）　D　 and brush the comb carefully．Satisfied that I'd done a good job，I would happily return the comb to Dad．He would （30）　 　affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet．
Two years later，Dad started his own （31）　 　，which wasn't doing so well．That was when things started to （32）　 　．Dad didn't come home as early and as much as he used to．Mum and I became（33）　C　with him for placing our family in trouble．With（34）　A　，an uncomfortable silence grew between us．
After my graduation，Dad's business was getting back on track．On my 28th birthday，Dad came home （35）　 　．As usually I helped him carry his bags into his study．When I turned to leave，he said，"Hey，would you help me （36）　C　my comb？"I looked at him a while，then （37）　 　the comb and headed to the sink．
It hit me then：why，as a child，（38）　C　 Dad clean his comb was such a pleasure．That routine（习惯） meant Dad was home early to （39）　D　the evening with Mum and me．It （40）　C　 a happy and loving family．
I passed the clean comb back to Dad．He smiled at me and （41）　D　placed his comb on his wallet．But this time，I noticed something （42）　A　．Dad had aged．He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled，（43）　D　his smile was still as （44）　 　 as before，the smile of a father who just wanted a good （45）　 　 for his family．
26．A．bag B．wallet C．comb D．brush
27．A．annoyed B．relieved C．ashamed D．pleased
28．A．joy B．sadness C．courage D．pain
29．A．out B．over C．in D．on
30．A．stare B．smile C．shout D．laugh
31．A．family B．business C．task D．journey
32．A．progress B．change C．improve D．form
33．A．satisfied B．delighted C．mad D．strict
34．A．time B．patience C．speed D．ease
35．A．occasionally B．early C．frequently D．rarely
36．A．sharply B．repair C．clean D．keep
37．A．dropped B．took C．handed D．threw
38．A．watching B．letting C．helping D．hearing
39．A．find B．lose C．waste D．spend
40．A．affected B．broke C．meant D．supported
41．A．firmly B．hurriedly C．casually D．carefully
42．A．different B．exciting C．interesting D．urgent
43．A．for B．or C．so D．yet
44．A．convincing B．heartwarming C．cautious D．innocent
45．A．origin B．life C．reputation D．education．
【分析】本文是记叙文．起初作者认为自己的父亲忙于事业对家人缺乏关心，但是后来作者发现父亲做的这一切其实都是为了家人的幸福．
【解答】26．C　 考查名词辨析．根据本文首句Dad had a green comb可知，此处指作者的父亲有一把绿色的梳子，所以每天晚上，父亲会把他的梳子递给我让我去清洗．故选C．
27．D　 考查形容词辨析．根据上下文语境可知，作者是很高兴 （pleased） 地去做这件事情的．下文的"excitedly"和"…clean his comb was such a pleasure"可以看出，作者很乐意帮父亲洗梳子．故选D．
28．A　 考查名词辨析．父亲让我洗梳子这件事给五岁的我带来了很多快乐．虽然单调，但是我很乐意这样做，从后文的excitedly可以看出．故选A．
29．D　 考查固定搭配．根据上下文语境可知，此处指的是作者打开水龙头．turn on打开．故选D．
30．B　 考查名词辨析．根据上下文语境可知，此处表示我洗完梳子，会很开心地交还给父亲，而父亲会亲切地朝我微笑，并把梳子放入他的钱包．故选B．
31． B　 考查名词辨析．根据下文的"Dad's business"可知，两年后，父亲决定开始自己创业，但是进展的并不是很好．start his own business开始创业．故选B．
32． B　 考查名词辨析．就在父亲开始创业的时候，事情开始发生了变化．父亲不再像往常一样回家早了．
33． C 　考查形容词辨析．根据句意可知，因为父亲创业的形势不是很好，我和母亲因为他把我们的家庭陷入了困境中，所以变得快发疯了，此处表示我和母亲很生气．不可能是满意的，高兴的或者是严格的．故选C．
34． A　考查名词辨析．根据文意，随着时间的流逝，我们之间有了一种令人不舒适的寂静，这儿暗示出家庭成员之间有了隔阂．
35． B　考查副词辨析．结合上下文语境可知，此处指我毕业后，父亲的生意开始回到了正轨，在我28岁生日那天，父亲早早地回到了家．故选B．
36．C　 考查形容词辨析．根据第一段中的"Good girl，help Daddy clean it，Ok"可知，此处指父亲让作者帮他清洗（clean）一下梳子．故选C．
37．B　 考查动词辨析．根据上下文语境可知，此处指作者接过（took）那把梳子，然后向洗涤池那里走去．take拿；取．故选B．
38．C　考查动词辨析．根据上文"Good girl，help Daddy clean it，Ok"可知，此处指帮助父亲清洗梳子．
39．D　考查动词辨析．根据句意可知，那个习惯意味着父亲回家很早，与我和母亲一起度过晚上．spend度过．故选D．
40．C　考查动词辨析．照应上一句的meant，那意味着我们是一个快乐有爱的家庭．故选C．
41．D　考查副词辨析．根据句意可知，我洗完梳子，还给父亲，父亲朝我微笑着，并小心翼翼地把它放进钱包里．firmly坚定地；hurriedly匆忙地；casually随意地．故选D．
42．A　考查形容词辨析．根据句意可知，但是这一次，我注意到一些不同的事情：父亲变老了，当他微笑时，他的眼角出现了皱纹．故选A．
43．D　考查连词辨析．根据空格处上下文的语境可知，然而，他的微笑却和以前一样温暖人心．
此处表示意思上的转折．故选D．
44． B　考查形容词辨析． 根据句意可知，父亲的微笑仍然像以前一样令人感到幸福快乐 （heartwarming）．故选B．
45．B　考查名词辨析．根据句意可知，父亲的微笑仍然是一个想让自己的家人过上快乐生活的父亲的微笑．故选B．
4．Who hasn't felt lonely or sad at times？We all have days when we feel down or overwhelmed with life，and we may even go through periods when we have a really （1）　C　 case of the blues．If we take a closer look，however，there's often an identifiable （2）　 　behind those feelings：a loss，an emotional or physical blow of some kind．
Grief over the death of a loved one，the end of a relationship，the loss of a job，or some other type of extreme （3）　C　may cause us to feel a bit hopeless and miserable （4）　A　．Having those sad feelings doesn't （5）　D　mean we're depressed﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣it might just be our normal and understandable reaction to life's hardships．
So how do we know if we，or someone we care about，are suffering from （6）　 　rather than just ordinary sadness？It's not always easy to tell the （7）　A　．The short，quick answer is that sadness is a temporary emotion，（8）　C　with a identifiable cause，while depression （9）　D　for longer periods of time；sometimes forever，and often for no （10）　D　reason．
Recognizing depression can be extremely （11）　 　．There are many signs of this condition that you may have not considered，and to make it even harder，the signs and symptoms （12）　A　greatly from person to person，as does the severity．Worse，it's harder to （13）　C　the signs when you are in the midst of depression already，which is why other people often notice before the depressed individual does．
If left untreated，depression can worsen，causing the gradual destruction of life and （14）　D　life threatened．Proper diagnosis（诊断） and （15）　A　is the only way to defeat depression﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣it won't go away on its own．
1．A．simple B．different C．tough D．comfortable
2．A．effect B．cause C．condition D．result
3．A．incident B．sorrow C．hardship D．failure
4．A．temporarily B．permanently C．gently D．frequently
5．A．luckily B．actually C．exactly D．necessarily
6．A．loneliness B．depression C．trouble D．bitterness
7．A．difference B．relation C．meaning D．effect
8．A．never B．sometimes C．usually D．recently
9．A．leaves B．lives C．applies D．lasts
10．A．acceptable B．valuable C．changeable D．recognizable
11．A．worth B．difficult C．easy D．interesting
12．A．vary B．increase C．improve D．decline
13．A．judge B．recognize C．notice D．remove
14．A．slowly B．lately C．immediately D．finally
15．A．treatment B．rest C．service D．comfort
【分析】生活中很难区分抑郁症与正常的悲伤，所以正确诊断和治疗是战胜抑郁症的唯一方法．
【解答】1．C考查形容词词义辨析，根据上文，我们都有日子，对生活我们感到失望或不堪重负．可知经历的是艰难时期，故应选C．tough艰难的
2．B考查名词词义辨析，根据下段中may cause us to feel a bit hopeless 可知，如果我们仔细看看，背后往往有一个可识别的原因，此处应选B．cause的意思是"原因"．
3．C根据上下文亲人去世的悲伤，一段感情结束了，失去了工作，其他类型的困难，都会导致失望和悲伤，可知，此处应选C．hardship的意思是"艰难，困苦"．
4．A考查副词词义辨析temporarily暂时的，permanently永久的．句意：亲人去世的悲伤，一段感情结束了，失去了工作，其他类型的困难，都会导致暂时的失望和悲伤
5．D考查副词词义辨析．not necessarily未必．句意：有那些悲伤的情绪未必意味着抑郁症．故应选D．
6．B考查名词词义，那么我们如何知道我们，或者我们在意的人在遭受抑郁症，而不是仅仅普通的悲伤呢？
7．A根据上下文由上一句可知，这里应选A．句意：抑郁症与悲伤的差异不太容易区分？
8．C考查副词词义辨析悲伤是暂时的情绪，通常有可识别的原因．故应选C．
9．D根据上下文悲伤是暂时的情绪，通常有可识别的原因，然而，抑郁症可以持续很长时间，甚至永远，这里应选D，last持续
10．D考查形容词词义，与前面with a identifiable cause相对，抑郁症有不可识别的原因．
11．B细节理解题 辨别沮丧非常困难，这里应选B，difficult的意思是"困难"．
12．A考查动词词义辨析症状和体征因人而异．故应选A．vary不同
13．C考查动词词义辨析更糟糕的是，当你在抑郁症中期的时候，很难注意到迹象．
14．D考查副词词义辨析如果不及时治疗，抑郁症可能恶化，导致生命逐渐破坏，最后生命受到威胁，故选D．
15．A考查名词词义辨析正确诊断和治疗是战胜抑郁症的唯一方法．
5．How long can human beings live？Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is （1）　A　 to live no longer than 120 years．However，110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live﹣﹣if he or she is （2）　D　 healthy and lucky．Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years!Yet，our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce （3）　C　．They wear out，and as a result，we get old and （4）　A　 die．
Even though we can't live forever，we are living a （5）　 　 life than ever before．In 1900，the average American life span （寿命） was only 47 years，but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then？Sixty﹣five may be out﹣of﹣date as the （6）　D　line between middle age and old age．After all，many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental （7）　C　until after age 75．
People are living longer because more people （8）　A　 childhood．Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature，many children died of common childhood （9）　D　．Now that the chances of dying （10）　 　 are much lower，the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care．
On the whole，our population is getting older．The（11）　A　 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life．Some people fear such changes will be for the worse，while some see（12）　 　，not disaster，many men and women in their"golden years"are healthy，still active，and young in （13）　A　 if not in age．
As the society grows old，we need the （14）　C　 of our older citizens．With long lives ahead of them，they need to （15）　D　 active and devoted．
（1）A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered
（2）A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely
（3）A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately
（4）A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately
（5）A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier
（6）A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing
（7）A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure
（8）A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value
（9）A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases
（10）A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet
（11）A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases
（12）A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices
（13）A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement
（14）A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission
（15）A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay
【分析】本文是一篇说明文．话题围绕人类的寿命展开．人的寿命是有限的，随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成了社会的一个趋势，我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献．
【解答】1．A 考查动词辨析 根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过120岁．故选A．
2．D 考查副词辨析 根据上下文可知，此处表示110岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的年龄﹣﹣﹣如果一个人非常的健康和幸运，人们希望能活到110岁，故选D．
3．C 考查副词辨析 根据句意可知，这里表示人类细胞不能永远无止境地自我繁殖，所以人才会变老．故选C．
4．A 考查副词辨析 根据语境可知，get old 的最终结果就是死亡，所以用eventually表示"最终"．故选A．
5．B 考查形容词比较级辨析 根据上下文的语境可知，美国人的平均寿命从47岁增长到75岁，B项符合语境，故选B．
6．D 考查形容词辨析．根据句意可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了．dividing line分界线，故选D．
7．C 考查名词辨析．根据上文提到的65岁作为中年和老年的分界线已经过时了，再结合空后的"until after age 75"可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C．
8．A 考查动词辨析．根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A．
9．D 考查名词辨析．根据上文的"modern medicine"可知，此处选disease符合语境，故选D．
10．B 考查形容词辨析．句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理．poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的．根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去．故选B．
11．A 考查名词辨析．根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A．
12．B 考查名词辨析．根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B．
13．A 考查名词辨析．句意：现在，很多处在"黄金年龄"的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻．mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动．根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A．
14．C 考查名词辨析．句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献．protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许．根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C．
15．D 考查动词辨析．句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神．sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持．根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献．故应选D．
6．In the United States， there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013. In fact，for decades， there has been a general（1）　D　 trend in the number of accidents per departure.
Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures，but commercial aviation（航空）seems to be a（n）（2）　 　. Since the 1960s，U.S. commercial aviation has become significantly more complex，and yet， flying has become safer. What lies behind this remarkable trend is a handful of smart approaches to（3）　 　. Here are two of them.
1.Teach people to speak up﹣and to listen
A common error during airplane accidents used to be the（4）　A　of first officers to question the captain's poor decisions. When the captain was flying the airplane， he was hard to challenge， and his mistakes went（5）　C　.
All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management（CRM）. The program revolutionized the（6）　C　not just of the cockpit（机舱） but also of the whole industry. It reframed safety as a（7）　A　 issue and put all crew members on more equal footing. It was no longer（8）　C　to question the decisions of a superior； it was required. And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement.
The lesson isn't simply that people lower down in the（9）　 　 should speak up and higher﹣ups should listen. What CRM has shown is that people can be taught to speak up and to listen. The ability to express and embrace（10）　D　 isn't hardwired in our personality or cultural background； it's a skill we can learn.
2. Learn from small failures and close calls
In 1976， the US Federal Aviation Administration created an industry﹣wide system to collect safety reports. The Aviation Safety Reporting System（ASRS） collects thousands of reports each month. Beyond receiving immunity（豁免权） for a mistake，it's a point of（11）　A　 for pilots to submit ASRS reports. They know the reports make air travel safer. The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can（12）　D　，and National Aeronautics and Space Administration（NASA） highlights safety trends in its monthly newsletter， Callback.
Here， too， there is a（13）　A　 lesson. Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might（14）　 　 in our system. Mistakes shouldn't be（15）　D　. By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures， we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.
（1）A. similar B. steady C. long﹣term D. downward
（2）A. example B. exception C. symbol D. alternative
（3）A. assessment B. management C. competition D. contribution
（4）A. failure B. effort C. pressure D. convenience
（5）A. predictable B. imaginary C. unchecked D. unforgiven
（6）A. performance B. structure C. culture D. standard
（7）A. team B. state C. side D. policy
（8）A. immoral B. unrewarding C. disrespectful D. inconvenient
（9）A. age B. position C. salary D. attractiveness
（10）A. excitement B. discomfort C. respect D. disagreement
（11）A. pride B. sacrifice C. entertainment D. literacy
（12）A. create B. afford C. analyze D. access
（13）A. broader B. clearer C. more bitter D. more costly
（14）A. break out B. go wrong C. take shape D. slow down
（15）A. obstacles B. failures C. experiments D. secrets
【分析】这是一篇说明文。在美国，自2013年以来，没有人死于商业航空事故。事实上，几十年来，事故数量总体呈下降趋势。在这一引人注目的趋势背后，隐藏着一些聪明的管理方法，文章主要介绍了其中两个航空领域的管理办法。
【解答】（1）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A. similar相似的；B. steady稳定的；C. long﹣term长期的；D. downward向下的、下降的。句意：事实上，几十年来，每次起飞的事故数量总体呈下降趋势。结合上文"In the United States， there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013."可知，在美国，自2013年以来，没有人死于商业航空事故，说明航空事故呈下降趋势。故选D.
（2）B．考查名词及语境理解。A. example例子；B. exception例外；C. symbol标志；D. alternative选择。句意：复杂的系统更容易出现故障，但商业航空似乎是个例外。结合上文"In the United States， there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013."以及"Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures， but commercial aviation seems to be an"可知，美国的航空自2013年以来没有人死于航空事故，说明虽然复杂的系统更容易出现故障，但商业航空似乎是个例外。故选B.
（3）B．考查名词及语境理解。A. assessment评价；B. management管理；C. competition竞争；D. contribution贡献。句意：在这一引人注目的趋势背后，隐藏着一些聪明的管理方法。结合后文提到的"All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management （CRM）."可知后文主要说明的是两个航空业的管理办法。故选B.
（4）A．考查名词及语境理解。A. failure失败；B. effort努力；C. pressure压力；D. convenience方便。句意：飞机事故中一个常见的错误是副驾驶未能对机长的错误决定提出质疑。结合前后文语境"A common error during airplane accidents used to be the …of first officers to question the captain's poor decisions."可知，飞机事故中一个常见的错误是副驾驶未能对机长的错误决定提出质疑，be the failure of sb.此处理解为某人未能做成某事。故选A.
（5）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A. predictable可预测的；B. imaginary虚构的；C. unchecked未经检查的；D. unforgiven不可饶恕的。句意：当机长驾驶飞机时，他很难被挑战，他的错误没有得到遏制。结合上文"When the captain was flying the airplane， he was hard to challenge， and his mistakes went"可知，以前的机长在飞机上拥有绝对权威，因此他的错误很难得到遏制，go unchecked此处表示"放任不管"。故选C.
（6）C．考查名词及语境理解。A. performance表演；B. structure结构；C. culture文化；D. standard标准。句意：该项目不仅彻底改变了驾驶舱文化，也改变了整个行业的文化。结合后文"put all crew members on more equal footing"提到了机组人员地位更加平等，可知该项目改变了驾驶舱的文化。故选C.
（7）A．考查名词词义辨析。A. team队伍；B. state州；C. side方面；D. policy政策。句意：它将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并让所有机组人员处于更加平等的地位。根据后文"put all crew members on more equal footing"可知该项目将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并让所有机组人员处于更加平等的地位。故选A.
（8）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A. immoral不道德的；B. unrewarding无报酬的；C. disrespectful无礼的；D. inconvenient不方便的。句意：质疑上级的决定不再是不尊重，而是必需的。结合后文"to question the decisions of a superior"以及常识，质疑上级的决定是不尊重的表现。故选C。
（9）B．考查名词及语境理解。句意：这个教训并不简单地告诉我们，职位较低的人应该大声发言，高层应该倾听。A. age年龄；B. position职位，位置；C. salary工资；D. attractiveness吸引力。结合后文"should speak up and higher﹣ups should listen"可知此处指飞机上高低职位的人。故选B.
（10）D．考查名词及语境理解。A. excitement激动；B. discomfort不安；C. respect尊重；D. disagreement不同意。句意：表达和接受不同意见的能力并不是我们的个性或文化背景所固有的，这是一种我们可以学习的技能。对应上文中"And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement."指接受不同意见。故选D.
（11）A．考查名词及语境理解。A. pride自豪；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. entertainment娱乐；D. literacy读写能力。句意：除了为错误获得豁免权，飞行员提交ASRS报告也是一件值得骄傲的事。结合后文"They know the reports make air travel safer."可知飞行员认为提交ASRS报告也是一件值得骄傲的事，因为这让飞行更安全。故选A.
（12）D．考查动词及语境理解。A. create创造；B. afford买得起；C. analyze分析；D. access访问，接近。句意：报告存储在一个任何人都可以访问的可搜索数据库中，美国国家航空航天局在其每月通讯《回叫》中强调了安全趋势。结合上文"The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can"可知指任何人都可以访问数据库应用access。故选D.
（13）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A. broader更广泛的；B. clearer更清楚的；C. more bitter更苦涩的；D. more costly更昂贵的。句意：这里也有一个更广泛的教训。结合后文提到的错误不应该是秘密，而是可以把错误当作一个学习的机会，可推知这其中蕴含了一个更为广泛的经验教训。故选A.
（14）B．考查动词短语及语境理解。A. break out爆发；B. go wrong出毛病；C. take shape形成；D. slow down减速。句意：小错误和差点失误可以成为我们系统可能出错的丰富数据来源。结合上文"Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might"可知小错误和差点失误可以成为我们系统可能出错的丰富数据来源。go wrong表示"出错，出毛病"符合语境。故选B.
（15）D．考查名词及语境理解。A. obstacles障碍；B. failures失败；C. experiments实验；D. secrets秘密。句意：错误不应该是秘密。根据后文"By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures， we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn."可知通过公开地分享失败和濒临失败的故事，我们可以把错误当作一个学习的机会，所以错误不应该是秘密。故选D.
7．AI automates repetitive learning and discovery discovery through data． But AI is different from hardware﹣driven， robotic automation． Instead of automating （1）　 　 tasks， AI performs frequent， high﹣volume， computerized tasks reliably and without tiredness． For this type of automation， human （2）　A　 is still essential to set up the system and ask the right questions．
AI adds intelligence to existing products． In most cases， AI will not be sold as an individual application． Rather， products you already use will be improved with AI （3）　D　， much like Siri was added as a feature to a new generation of Apple products． Automation， conversational platforms and smart machines can be combined with large amounts of data to improve many technologies at home and in the workplace， from security （4）　C　 to investment analysis．
AI adapts through progressive learning algorithms（演算法）to let the data do the programming． AI finds structure and （5）　A　 in data so that the algorithm acquires a skill： The algorithm becomes a classifier or a predicator． So， just as the algorithm can teach itself how to play chess， it can teach itself what product to recommend next online． And the models adapt when given new data． Back propagation（传播、扩展）is an AI （6）　 　 that allows the model to adjust， through training and added data， when the first answer is not quite right．
AI （7）　C　 more and deeper data using neural（神经）networks that have many hidden layers． Building a cheating detection system with five hidden layers was almost impossible a few years ago． All that has changed with incredible computer power and big data． You need lots of data to （8）　D　 deep learning models because they learn directly from the data． The more data you can （9）　A　 them， the more accurate they become．
AI achieves incredible accuracy through deep neural networks ﹣ which was （10）　A　 impossible． For example， your （11）　C　 with Alexa， Google Search and Google Photos are all based on deep learning ﹣ and they keep getting more accurate the more we use them． In the medical field， AI techniques from deep learning， image （12）　A　 and object recognition can now be used to find cancer on MRIs with the same accuracy as （13）　 　 trained radiologists．
AI gets the most out of data． When algori