2022届高三英语二轮复习：被动语态专题学案
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| 名称 | 2022届高三英语二轮复习：被动语态专题学案 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-30 15:48:43 | ||
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1. 能推断句子是运用被动语态
2. 能用被动语态翻译句子及进行写作
3. 掌握语法填空代词的解题方法
完成句子
1. Now college graduates __________ (encourage)to start their own business which sounds really good for them.
2. Truly elegant chopsticks might __________ (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
3. Where to have the meeting __________ (discuss) now.
4. The new suspension bridge __________ (design) by the end of last month.
5. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed __________ (catch)
6. 他相信他的新产品一定会畅销。（sell )
He is convinced that his new products ___________________.
7. 这朵花闻起来很好闻。（smell）
The flower _________ good.
答案：1. are being encouraged 2. be made 3. is being discussed 4. had been designed 5. being caught 6. will sell well 7. smells
一、概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。
二、被动语态的构成
1. 被动语态由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by+动作的执行者)”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词不变，疑问式和否定式也如此。
2. 各种时态的主动和被动语态结构如下表(以动词do为例)
时态 时态结构 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done (1) Our classroom __________ (clean) every day.
一般过去时 did was/were + done (2) The station __________ (build) in 1928.
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to + do will/shall/be going to + be + done (3) Some new factories ____________ (build) in our city this year.
过去将来时 would/should/be going to + do would/should/be going to + be + done (4) She said that some new factories _____________ (build) soon in our city.
现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/is/are + being + done (5) A new factory ______________ (build) in our city now.
过去进行时 was/were + doing was/were + being + done (6) A new factory ______________ (build) in our city at that time.
现在完成时 have/has + done have/has + been + done (7) Some new factories ________(build) in the city since last year.
过去完成时 had+done had+been +done (8)It said that a new factory _________(build) by the end of last year.
答案: (1)is cleaned (2)was built (3)will be built (4)would be built (5)is being built (6)was being built (7)have been built (8)had been done
三、主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
We Visited that factory last summer. 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
(1)主谓宾结构
主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
(2)主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语
My father gave me a dictionary.
→ I was given a dictionary by my father.
②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词（通常是介词for或to)。
My father gave me a dictionary.
→A dictionary was given to me by my father.
(3)主+谓+宾语+宾补
当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
【注意】
在主动语态句中动词一感feel二听hear, listen to三让make, have, let四看look at see, watch, notice等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。
例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.
→They were made to work ten hours a day.
A boy saw him enter the house.
→He was seen to enter the house.
四、使用被动语态的场合
1.当关注的是事情或事物本身而不是动作的执行者，或者根本不知道动作的执行者时。
My car has been moved. 我的汽车有人动过。
2. 动作的执行者很明确时或强调承受者时。
If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你违犯了学校的纪律，你会受惩罚的。
3. 当动作的执行者是“people”或 “one” 时。
He is believed to have invented the computer. 人们都相信他发明了电脑。
Advertisements are seen everywhere. 广告随处可见。
4. 为了更好地安排句子。
The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.
那个名人上了公交车，立刻被人们认了出来。（只需一个主语）
I was shown round the campus by Sean, who had entered the school just a year before.
肖恩带我参观了校园，他去年刚进这所学校。
（用定语从句使两个松散的句子变成了复合句，句子更流畅、紧凑）
【使用举例】
被动语态会使句子更顺畅、紧凑，表达更清楚，因此同学们在书面表达中要尝试使用，不断练习，使书面表达的等级得以提高。下面这篇就“公园要不要收门票？”给报社的一封信的范文中，如果不用被动语态，主语就会都用we，people等，写起来不方便，语言也会句式单一，不够流畅了。
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Sixty students out of one hundred think that an entrance ticket should not be bought before one enters a park, for it is a place for the public to go to when they are free. If a ticket must be bought, a gate and walls have to be built for a park, which will make a city look ugly. Forty students out of one hundred think that an entrance fee should be paid before one enters a park, but that the price of the ticket should be reasonable. Money that is got from ticket selling can be used to pay the gardening workers and buy different kinds of flowers and trees. As for myself, I really think parks are good places to go to at weekends and on holidays. At the same time, we, as visitors, should pay the entrance fee when we enter a park. After all, it takes a lot of money to maintain a park in good working order.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
五、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 英语中有很多动词如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
这种布料好洗。
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：
The door won’t lock．（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out
这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来合情合理。
六、非谓语动词的主动表被动意义
1. 在too…to do和…enough to do这两个结构中，若句子主语和后面的不定式to do sth.为被动关系，该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动的含义，有时也可以用被动式。
The handwriting is to faint to read. 笔迹太模糊没法看清。
The boxes are not strong enough to use/to be used as a platform.
这些箱子不够结实，不能当平台。
2. be worth后接动词ing形式用主动表示被动。
The machine is worth buying, as it is well designed.
这种机器值得买，设计得很好。
3. 在need, want, require等“需要”的动词后接ing时用主动表示被动，后接不定式时则要用to be done表示被动。
The children need looking after/to be looked after.
这些孩子需要照看。
4. 不定式to blame（责备）, to let（出租）用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。
Who is to blame
The house is to let.
5. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
The poem is not easy to understand.
Your writing is impossible to read.
七、被动语态要注意的句型
1. It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.
表示“据说”或“相信”的动词，如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于这两个句型中。
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。
常用句型：It is said/ reported /suggested that… 据说/据报道/据建议......
It is believed/ hoped/ thought that…大家相信/希望/认为
It is well known that…众所周知
2. be supposed to do 被期望做某事，应该做某事
Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be very good.
我们去看这个电影吧，据说不错。
It’s nearly 8 o’ clock. I’d better hurry. I’m supposed to pick up Tom at 8:15.
我要快些了，现在差不多8点钟了。我8：15去接汤姆。
You are not supposed to park here. 这儿不允许停车。
3. get + done与be+ done
在被动句中，get常可以代替be，get多用在口语中，有时表示行为不是计划之中，而是意外发生的。
There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was) hurt.
酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。
The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽车辗死了。
根据动词的适当形式填空
1. Many trees ___________ (plant) in China every year, but they are still not enough.
2. The Great Wall ________ (build) thousands of years ago.
3. You have to be 18 years old before you ___________________ (allow) to drive a car.
4. Now many difficult and dangerous kinds of work ___________ (can do) by robots in factories.
5. It is said that more good teachers ________ (send) to the rural areas in Xinxiang next year.
6. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish __________ (must not throw) into the river.
7. The problem ___________________ (discuss) at the meeting now.
8. _____________ these machines ________________ (invent) by Edison
9. A Piano concert ____________(give) here last Friday.
10. Ways _____ already _________ (find) to make waste water clean.
11. Which language _______the most widely_______(speak)in the world？
12. Last year a large number of trees______________(cut) down．
13. The students ______ often ______ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
14. Knives ______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.
15. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
16. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
17. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
18. All the preparations for the task __________(complete), and we’re ready to start.
19. New types of computers _____________(produce) now.
20. Several teachers _____________ (interview) for the job so far.
答案：1. are planted 2. was built 3. are allowed 4. can be done 5. will be sent 6. mustn't be thrown 7. is being discussed 8. Were ;invented 9. was given 10. have; been found 11. is; spoken 12. were cut 13. are told 14. are made 15. is cleaned 16. sells 17. smells 18. have been completed 19. are being produced 20. have been interviewed
当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词。要根据语境，看该空格是指人还是指物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。为了避免重复，it, one’s, that, those都可以用来替代上文出现的名词，要注意它们的不同用法。it可以用来代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意不定代词one，both，neither，nor，all，none，either，another等的用法。
【解题技巧】从近几年的真题来看, 如果给出提示词-----人称代词的主格, 那么正确答案可能会填物主代词, 宾格, 反身代词等; 如果题目要求本身是考查考生填代词的基本形式, 如: 主格人称代词it, 或some, any, another, both等不定代词, 出题人是不给出提示词的。
例：Keep holding your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds.
解析：it 这里用it指代上文提及的同一事物，即指前面的raise your leg中的your leg
语法填空
The quality of education in this small school is better than _________ in some larger schools.
2. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________.
3.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.
4. Now it occurred to _________(he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
5. Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said_________ was a wonderful holiday destination.
6. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to _________ (you) from that person’s point of view.
7. The official admitted _________ would not be an easy task to achieve a total smoke ban in a short time.
8. I told her the best way to make friends was to introduce _________ when she met someone new.
答案：1. that 2. other 3. neither 4. him 5. it 6. yourself 7. it 8. herself
一、用正确的时态和语态填空
1. Nearly everybody here___________(know)when the old museum___________(build).
2. The building can ___________(see) from every part of the city; It _____________(build) many years ago.
3. Yesterday Tom ___________(tell) me that his bike _________________(break) last week.
4. Now he is asked if the meeting _________________(hold) next Friday.
5. It is known to all that the moon ________________(turn) round the earth.
6. Miss Li often ________________(use) a recorder in her English class. But she ____________ (not use) it tomorrow.
7. The novel ____________________(translate) into many languages since it was published .
8. That clock ________________(call) Big Ben .
9. Don’t take the magazine away. It _____________(belong) to me.
10. My father _____________________(employ) at this job since 1990.
答案：1. knows; was built 2. be seen; was built 3. told; was broken 4. will be held 5. turns 6. uses; won’t use 7. has been translated 8. is called 9. belongs 10. has been employed
二、句型转换
1．The teacher is grading the students’ schoolwork now.
→The students’ schoolwork _____________________ now.
2．There is good news of the sports meeting which is being held in the city stadium these days.
→There is good news of the sports meeting _____________________ in the city stadium these days.
3．The police arrested a young man and they are questioning him now.
→A young man _____________________ and is being questioned now.
4．The boys and girls will decorate the classrooms.
→The classrooms _____________________ by the boys and girls.
5．The men are talking about their future.
→Their future _____________________ by the men.
6．The manager punished the worker for his fault.
→The worker _____________________ for his fault by the manager.
7．The girls were singing the song when I got there.
→The song _____________________ by the girls when I got there.
8．Jack’s boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack _____________________ by his boss for his devotion to work.
9．They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place _____________________ to build a temple in the village.
10．We haven’t yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem _____________________ yet.
11．He has given the child some interesting books.
→The child _____________________ some interesting books.
→Some interesting books _____________________ the child.
答案：1. is being graded 2. being held 3. was arrested 4. will be decorated. 5. is being talked about 6. was punished 7. was being sung. 8. has always been praised 9. has been found 10. hasn’t been decided 11. has been given; have been given to
三、主动语态变为被动语态
1. Bruce writes a letter every week.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. They often make fun of her.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Do you wash your clothes very often
_____________________________________________________________________
4. People listen to this programme in many countries.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
_____________________________________________________________________
答案：1. A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. She is often made fun of by them.
3. Are your clothes washed by you very often
4. This programme is listened to by people in many different countries.
5. He was given a present for his birthday by his mother.
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. In some parts of the world, tea __________(serve) with milk and sugar.
2. --- Have you moved into the new house --- Not yet, the rooms __________ (paint).
3. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday __________ (decide) yet.
4. The computers on the table __________ (belong) Professor Smith.
5. --- What do you think of the book ---Oh, excellent. It's worth __________ (read) a second time.
6. This page needed __________ (check) again.
7. Information in short-term memory can’t __________ (keep) very long.
8. Just a few years ago, tomatoes __________ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love.
9. In the old days, the children __________ (take care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.
10. She __________ (send) to another village when I got there.
11. The teacher said that we __________ (give) another chance sometime next month if we failed in the exam.
答案：1. is served 2. are being painted 3. has not been decided 4. belong 5. reading 6. checking / to be checked 7. be kept 8. were believed 9. were taken care of. 10. had been sent 11. would be given
二、完成句子
1. 他的手机出了毛病，所以需要修理了。（repair）
There is something wrong with his cellphone, so it requires __________________.
2. 许多人得了病。大家都认为那里的自来水是罪魁祸首。（blame)
Many people fell ill. It was acknowledged that the running water there __________________.
3. 每次他饿的时候，保姆总是给他苹果吃。（eat）
Every time he is hungry, his nanny always __________________.
4. 他的电影非常值得一看。（worth）
His movies __________________.
5. 经费花了一半，剩下一万元。（remain）
Half of our budget is spent, and ten thousand dollars __________________.
答案：1. repairing/ to be repaired 2. was to blame 3. gives him apples to eat 4. is worth watching 5. remains
三、把下列句子改为被动语态
1．They paint our classroom white.
_____________________________________________________________________
2．Many people are always asking him silly questions.
_____________________________________________________________________
3．What I am telling you is the truth.
_____________________________________________________________________
4．The doctors will operate on the patient inside tomorrow.
_____________________________________________________________________
5．The government is paying attention to the issue now.
_____________________________________________________________________
6．The experts have studied the plan for three times.
_____________________________________________________________________
7．She has already returned this book to the library.
_____________________________________________________________________
8．I made him work hard.
_____________________________________________________________________
9．We will plant many trees on the hill in five years.
_____________________________________________________________________
10．The company has promised a rise in salary for ages，but nothing has happened yet.
_____________________________________________________________________
答案：1. Our classroom is painted white by them.
2. He is always being asked silly questions (by many people)．
3. What you are being told is the truth./What is being told to you is the truth.
4. The patient will be operated on by the doctors inside tomorrow.
5. The issue is being paid attention to by the government now.
6. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.
7. This book has already been returned to the library by her.
8. He was made to work hard by me.
9. Many trees will be planted by us on the hill in five years.
10. A rise in salary has been promised by the company for ages，but nothing has happened yet.
四、语法填空
When you 1.__________ (hurt) deeply by someone, you may feel it very difficult 2.__________ (remove) your anger. But forgiving is possible and it can be 3.__________ great benefit to your health. Up to now, a research 4.__________ (show) that people who forgive have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. “People who forgive others show 5. __________ (little) anger and more hopefulness,” says Dr Frederic Luskin, 6.__________ wrote the book Forgive for Good. “So it can help reduce the tiredness and allow people to feel more 7.__________ (energy).”
So when someone hurts you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure. Don’t wait for an apology. “Many times the person who has hurt you may escape 8.__________ (apologize),” says Dr Luskin. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things in the same way.”
Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting 9.__________ the person has done to you. Finally, try to see things from the other person’s perspective. To achieve it, just put 10.__________ (you) in that person’s place.
答案：1.are hurt 2.to remove 3.of 4.has shown 5.less 6.who 7.energetic 8.apologizing 9.what 10.yourself
五、阅读理解
Tablets(平板电脑) are useful devices, but their big screens always make them a burden to carry around without a bag. Wouldn’t it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable(可折叠的) phone is about to become available. In February, Samsung and Huawei both introduced foldable phones, the Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X separately, to the public for the first time. Mobile phone use has entered the “foldable future”, The Verge noted.
The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices, due to their bendable screens, give us the larger screens we want but still fit easily into the pocket. The technology could change other devices too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers, which could help increase available space to the maximum. In a keynote address，Justin Denison, Samsung’s senior vice president, called the foldable screen “the basis for the smartphone of tomorrow”. “It’s a blank canvas(画布) for us to do something beautiful together, ” he said.
So is there nothing to stand in the way of the foldable future According to tech news website Android Authority，the necessary displays were difficult to produce. In 2012, nine out of ten foldable screens produced were defective or unusable. Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to almost 90 percent. However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. That’s a price that few people will be able to afford.
But if the foldable device isn’t going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. Patrick Moorhead, an industry expert told The Verge, “Few are debating if foldable mobile displays are the future of smartphones; the only question is when and by whom.”
1．What do we know about foldable devices
A．They are too big to fit into the pocket.
B．They could bring us much convenience.
C．They have become available in January.
D．They are a burden to carry around without a bag.
2．What can we learn from Denison’s words
A．The foldable screen has great potential.
B．The technology could change other devices too.
C．There must be many problems with the technology.
D．The production of foldable phones will soon decrease.
3．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Complete. B．Proper. C．Imperfect. D．Normal.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Types of Foldable Phones
B．The Coming of Foldable Devices
C．Popular Devices on the Market
D．Difficulties in Producing Foldable Phones
答案：
1. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices，due to their bendable screens，give us the larger screens we want but still fit easily into the pocket. The technology could change other devices too.”可知，折叠设备可以给我们带来很多方便。故选B。
2. A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In a keynote address，Justin Denison，Samsung’s senior vice president，called the foldable screen ‘the basis for the smartphone of tomorrow’．‘It’s a blank canvas(画布) for us to do something beautiful together，’ he said.”可知，可折叠屏幕具有很大的潜力。故选A。
3. C 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“According to tech news website Android Authority，the necessary displays were difficult to produce.”(据科技新闻网站Android Authority称，必要的显示屏很难制作)可知，该画线词所在句意为：十分之九的可折叠屏幕是有缺陷的、不可用的。defective“有缺陷的，不完美的”，与imperfect同义。故选C。
4. B 标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“But if the foldable device isn’t going to change the world overnight，there is no doubt that it is coming.”可知，本文最佳标题是“可折叠设备的到来”。故选B。
六、完形填空
As a young boy my family was very poor. I would often help do something for the neighbors to 1 a little pocket money.
One day I 2 on the door of an elderly woman and asked 3 she needed me to clean the yard. She asked why I was not in 4 and I showed her my worn 5 ， which no longer kept me warm. She 6 me to work in the yard. When I finished，she looked at me and said，“I suppose you want to be 7 now.” She then 8 a jar filled with dollar bills and said，“I’m glad you’ve done a 9 job today but that is not something you should be doing again. I want you to 10 new clothes and get back to school. I also want you to come back to 11 me with your report card and I will 12 you when I see you have worked hard and have some good 13 .Now reach out your little hands and take out as much 14 as you can.”
I put my hands in the jar and 15 so much money that it was 16 for me to buy what I badly needed. Later，I returned several times to see the woman and she did just as she 17 .She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and some delicious food every time I 18 her that I had an “A”．
I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighborhood. I will never forget the huge 19 this wonderful lady made over my life with her 20 .This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again.
1．A. save B．give C．earn D．change
2．A. turned B．knocked C．worked D．looked
3．A. how B．when C．why D．if
4．A. school B．time C．trouble D．bed
5．A. bag B．carpet C．coat D．sofa
6．A. allowed B．forced C．helped D．stopped
7．A. punished B．tested C．praised D．paid
8．A. set up B．took out C．talked about D．put away
9．A. boring B．new C．fine D．terrible
10．A. keep B．buy C．remove D．make
11．A. visit B．forgive C．welcome D．serve
12．A. recognize B．reward C．understand D．protect
13．A. goals B．stories C．marks D．ideas
14．A. room B．money C．food D．time
15．A. grabbed B．lost C．borrowed D．charged
16．A. rare B．enough C．simple D．special
17．A. promised B．discovered C．knew D．admitted
18．A. asked B．required C．showed D．wrote
19．A. decision B．progress C．mistake D．difference
20．A. courage B．kindness C．honesty D．happiness
答案：
1. C save挽救；give给；earn挣；change改变。根据第一段中的“As a young boy my family
was very poor.”可知，作者帮助别人干活的目的是赚钱，故选C项。
2. B turn改变；knock敲门；work工作；look看。句意为：一天，我敲开了一位老太太的门，问是否需要打扫院子。knock on the door敲门，故选B项。
3. D 句意参考上题解析。how如何；when当……时候；why为什么；if是否。故选D项。
4. A school学校；time时间；trouble麻烦；bed床。根据下文的 “...and get back to school”可知，老太太问作者为什么不去学校，故选A项。
5. C bag包；carpet地毯；coat外套，大衣；sofa沙发。根据下文的“which no longer kept me warm”可知，作者给老太太看他的破烂的外套，故选C项。
6. A allow允许；force强迫；help帮助；stop停止。根据下文的“When I finished，she looked at me and said”可知，老太太允许作者在院子里劳动，故选A项。
7. D punish处罚；test检测；praise表扬；pay支付。由下文“a jar filled with dollar bills”可知，作者冒昧地敲开老太太的门来帮她干活，所以老太太要回报作者了，故选D项。
8. B set up建立；take out拿出来；talk about谈论；put away收起来。老太太拿出一个装满钱的罐子(来付给作者工资)，故选B项。
9. C boring令人厌烦的；new新的；fine好的；terrible可怕的。根据上文的“I’m glad...”可知，作者的工作做得很好，故选C项。
10. B keep保持；buy买；remove去除；make使。由上文作者破烂的衣服可知，老太太让他买衣服然后去上学，故选B项。
11. A visit拜访，看望；forgive原谅；welcome欢迎；serve服务。根据下文的“I returned several times to see the woman”可知，老太太让作者带成绩单来看她，故选A项。
12. B recognize辨认；reward奖赏；understand明白；protect保护。根据下文的“She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and some delicious food every time...”可知，老太太许诺看到作者的好成绩会给他奖励，故选B项。
13. C goal目标；story故事；mark分数，成绩；idea想法。解析参见上题。故选C项。
14. B room房间；money钱；food 食物；time时间。根据下文的“...to buy what I badly needed”可知，老太太让作者伸手去拿尽可能多的钱，故选B项。
15. A grab抓取；lose失去；borrow借；charge要价。根据上文的“...take out as much...”可知，作者抓了一大把钱，故选A项。
16. B rare罕见的；enough足够的；simple简单的；special特殊的。根据上文的“...so much money”可知，这钱足够作者买他很需要的东西，故选B项。
17. A promise承诺；discover发现；know知道；admit承认。根据下文的“She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and some delicious food...”可知，老太太按她的承诺每次见到作者拿着“A”的成绩单时，都会给作者一些钱和好吃的东西，故选A项。
18. C ask问；require要求；show展示；write写。作者每次给老太太看他的好成绩时，她都会给作者以奖励。此处与上文的“when I see you have worked hard and have some good...”相呼应，故选C项。
19. D decision决定；progress进步；mistake错误。make a huge difference产生巨大的影响。故选D项。
20. B courage勇气；kindness善良；honesty 诚实；happiness幸福。根据下文的“This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again.”可知，作者不会忘记老太太的仁慈对自己的一生所产生的影响，故选B项。
2. 能用被动语态翻译句子及进行写作
3. 掌握语法填空代词的解题方法
完成句子
1. Now college graduates __________ (encourage)to start their own business which sounds really good for them.
2. Truly elegant chopsticks might __________ (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
3. Where to have the meeting __________ (discuss) now.
4. The new suspension bridge __________ (design) by the end of last month.
5. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed __________ (catch)
6. 他相信他的新产品一定会畅销。（sell )
He is convinced that his new products ___________________.
7. 这朵花闻起来很好闻。（smell）
The flower _________ good.
答案：1. are being encouraged 2. be made 3. is being discussed 4. had been designed 5. being caught 6. will sell well 7. smells
一、概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。
二、被动语态的构成
1. 被动语态由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by+动作的执行者)”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词不变，疑问式和否定式也如此。
2. 各种时态的主动和被动语态结构如下表(以动词do为例)
时态 时态结构 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done (1) Our classroom __________ (clean) every day.
一般过去时 did was/were + done (2) The station __________ (build) in 1928.
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to + do will/shall/be going to + be + done (3) Some new factories ____________ (build) in our city this year.
过去将来时 would/should/be going to + do would/should/be going to + be + done (4) She said that some new factories _____________ (build) soon in our city.
现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/is/are + being + done (5) A new factory ______________ (build) in our city now.
过去进行时 was/were + doing was/were + being + done (6) A new factory ______________ (build) in our city at that time.
现在完成时 have/has + done have/has + been + done (7) Some new factories ________(build) in the city since last year.
过去完成时 had+done had+been +done (8)It said that a new factory _________(build) by the end of last year.
答案: (1)is cleaned (2)was built (3)will be built (4)would be built (5)is being built (6)was being built (7)have been built (8)had been done
三、主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
We Visited that factory last summer. 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
(1)主谓宾结构
主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
(2)主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语
My father gave me a dictionary.
→ I was given a dictionary by my father.
②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词（通常是介词for或to)。
My father gave me a dictionary.
→A dictionary was given to me by my father.
(3)主+谓+宾语+宾补
当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
【注意】
在主动语态句中动词一感feel二听hear, listen to三让make, have, let四看look at see, watch, notice等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。
例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.
→They were made to work ten hours a day.
A boy saw him enter the house.
→He was seen to enter the house.
四、使用被动语态的场合
1.当关注的是事情或事物本身而不是动作的执行者，或者根本不知道动作的执行者时。
My car has been moved. 我的汽车有人动过。
2. 动作的执行者很明确时或强调承受者时。
If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你违犯了学校的纪律，你会受惩罚的。
3. 当动作的执行者是“people”或 “one” 时。
He is believed to have invented the computer. 人们都相信他发明了电脑。
Advertisements are seen everywhere. 广告随处可见。
4. 为了更好地安排句子。
The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.
那个名人上了公交车，立刻被人们认了出来。（只需一个主语）
I was shown round the campus by Sean, who had entered the school just a year before.
肖恩带我参观了校园，他去年刚进这所学校。
（用定语从句使两个松散的句子变成了复合句，句子更流畅、紧凑）
【使用举例】
被动语态会使句子更顺畅、紧凑，表达更清楚，因此同学们在书面表达中要尝试使用，不断练习，使书面表达的等级得以提高。下面这篇就“公园要不要收门票？”给报社的一封信的范文中，如果不用被动语态，主语就会都用we，people等，写起来不方便，语言也会句式单一，不够流畅了。
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Sixty students out of one hundred think that an entrance ticket should not be bought before one enters a park, for it is a place for the public to go to when they are free. If a ticket must be bought, a gate and walls have to be built for a park, which will make a city look ugly. Forty students out of one hundred think that an entrance fee should be paid before one enters a park, but that the price of the ticket should be reasonable. Money that is got from ticket selling can be used to pay the gardening workers and buy different kinds of flowers and trees. As for myself, I really think parks are good places to go to at weekends and on holidays. At the same time, we, as visitors, should pay the entrance fee when we enter a park. After all, it takes a lot of money to maintain a park in good working order.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
五、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 英语中有很多动词如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
这种布料好洗。
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：
The door won’t lock．（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out
这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来合情合理。
六、非谓语动词的主动表被动意义
1. 在too…to do和…enough to do这两个结构中，若句子主语和后面的不定式to do sth.为被动关系，该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动的含义，有时也可以用被动式。
The handwriting is to faint to read. 笔迹太模糊没法看清。
The boxes are not strong enough to use/to be used as a platform.
这些箱子不够结实，不能当平台。
2. be worth后接动词ing形式用主动表示被动。
The machine is worth buying, as it is well designed.
这种机器值得买，设计得很好。
3. 在need, want, require等“需要”的动词后接ing时用主动表示被动，后接不定式时则要用to be done表示被动。
The children need looking after/to be looked after.
这些孩子需要照看。
4. 不定式to blame（责备）, to let（出租）用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。
Who is to blame
The house is to let.
5. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
The poem is not easy to understand.
Your writing is impossible to read.
七、被动语态要注意的句型
1. It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.
表示“据说”或“相信”的动词，如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于这两个句型中。
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。
常用句型：It is said/ reported /suggested that… 据说/据报道/据建议......
It is believed/ hoped/ thought that…大家相信/希望/认为
It is well known that…众所周知
2. be supposed to do 被期望做某事，应该做某事
Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be very good.
我们去看这个电影吧，据说不错。
It’s nearly 8 o’ clock. I’d better hurry. I’m supposed to pick up Tom at 8:15.
我要快些了，现在差不多8点钟了。我8：15去接汤姆。
You are not supposed to park here. 这儿不允许停车。
3. get + done与be+ done
在被动句中，get常可以代替be，get多用在口语中，有时表示行为不是计划之中，而是意外发生的。
There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was) hurt.
酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。
The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽车辗死了。
根据动词的适当形式填空
1. Many trees ___________ (plant) in China every year, but they are still not enough.
2. The Great Wall ________ (build) thousands of years ago.
3. You have to be 18 years old before you ___________________ (allow) to drive a car.
4. Now many difficult and dangerous kinds of work ___________ (can do) by robots in factories.
5. It is said that more good teachers ________ (send) to the rural areas in Xinxiang next year.
6. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish __________ (must not throw) into the river.
7. The problem ___________________ (discuss) at the meeting now.
8. _____________ these machines ________________ (invent) by Edison
9. A Piano concert ____________(give) here last Friday.
10. Ways _____ already _________ (find) to make waste water clean.
11. Which language _______the most widely_______(speak)in the world？
12. Last year a large number of trees______________(cut) down．
13. The students ______ often ______ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
14. Knives ______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.
15. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
16. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
17. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
18. All the preparations for the task __________(complete), and we’re ready to start.
19. New types of computers _____________(produce) now.
20. Several teachers _____________ (interview) for the job so far.
答案：1. are planted 2. was built 3. are allowed 4. can be done 5. will be sent 6. mustn't be thrown 7. is being discussed 8. Were ;invented 9. was given 10. have; been found 11. is; spoken 12. were cut 13. are told 14. are made 15. is cleaned 16. sells 17. smells 18. have been completed 19. are being produced 20. have been interviewed
当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词。要根据语境，看该空格是指人还是指物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。为了避免重复，it, one’s, that, those都可以用来替代上文出现的名词，要注意它们的不同用法。it可以用来代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意不定代词one，both，neither，nor，all，none，either，another等的用法。
【解题技巧】从近几年的真题来看, 如果给出提示词-----人称代词的主格, 那么正确答案可能会填物主代词, 宾格, 反身代词等; 如果题目要求本身是考查考生填代词的基本形式, 如: 主格人称代词it, 或some, any, another, both等不定代词, 出题人是不给出提示词的。
例：Keep holding your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds.
解析：it 这里用it指代上文提及的同一事物，即指前面的raise your leg中的your leg
语法填空
The quality of education in this small school is better than _________ in some larger schools.
2. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________.
3.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.
4. Now it occurred to _________(he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
5. Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said_________ was a wonderful holiday destination.
6. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to _________ (you) from that person’s point of view.
7. The official admitted _________ would not be an easy task to achieve a total smoke ban in a short time.
8. I told her the best way to make friends was to introduce _________ when she met someone new.
答案：1. that 2. other 3. neither 4. him 5. it 6. yourself 7. it 8. herself
一、用正确的时态和语态填空
1. Nearly everybody here___________(know)when the old museum___________(build).
2. The building can ___________(see) from every part of the city; It _____________(build) many years ago.
3. Yesterday Tom ___________(tell) me that his bike _________________(break) last week.
4. Now he is asked if the meeting _________________(hold) next Friday.
5. It is known to all that the moon ________________(turn) round the earth.
6. Miss Li often ________________(use) a recorder in her English class. But she ____________ (not use) it tomorrow.
7. The novel ____________________(translate) into many languages since it was published .
8. That clock ________________(call) Big Ben .
9. Don’t take the magazine away. It _____________(belong) to me.
10. My father _____________________(employ) at this job since 1990.
答案：1. knows; was built 2. be seen; was built 3. told; was broken 4. will be held 5. turns 6. uses; won’t use 7. has been translated 8. is called 9. belongs 10. has been employed
二、句型转换
1．The teacher is grading the students’ schoolwork now.
→The students’ schoolwork _____________________ now.
2．There is good news of the sports meeting which is being held in the city stadium these days.
→There is good news of the sports meeting _____________________ in the city stadium these days.
3．The police arrested a young man and they are questioning him now.
→A young man _____________________ and is being questioned now.
4．The boys and girls will decorate the classrooms.
→The classrooms _____________________ by the boys and girls.
5．The men are talking about their future.
→Their future _____________________ by the men.
6．The manager punished the worker for his fault.
→The worker _____________________ for his fault by the manager.
7．The girls were singing the song when I got there.
→The song _____________________ by the girls when I got there.
8．Jack’s boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack _____________________ by his boss for his devotion to work.
9．They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place _____________________ to build a temple in the village.
10．We haven’t yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem _____________________ yet.
11．He has given the child some interesting books.
→The child _____________________ some interesting books.
→Some interesting books _____________________ the child.
答案：1. is being graded 2. being held 3. was arrested 4. will be decorated. 5. is being talked about 6. was punished 7. was being sung. 8. has always been praised 9. has been found 10. hasn’t been decided 11. has been given; have been given to
三、主动语态变为被动语态
1. Bruce writes a letter every week.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. They often make fun of her.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Do you wash your clothes very often
_____________________________________________________________________
4. People listen to this programme in many countries.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
_____________________________________________________________________
答案：1. A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. She is often made fun of by them.
3. Are your clothes washed by you very often
4. This programme is listened to by people in many different countries.
5. He was given a present for his birthday by his mother.
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. In some parts of the world, tea __________(serve) with milk and sugar.
2. --- Have you moved into the new house --- Not yet, the rooms __________ (paint).
3. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday __________ (decide) yet.
4. The computers on the table __________ (belong) Professor Smith.
5. --- What do you think of the book ---Oh, excellent. It's worth __________ (read) a second time.
6. This page needed __________ (check) again.
7. Information in short-term memory can’t __________ (keep) very long.
8. Just a few years ago, tomatoes __________ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love.
9. In the old days, the children __________ (take care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.
10. She __________ (send) to another village when I got there.
11. The teacher said that we __________ (give) another chance sometime next month if we failed in the exam.
答案：1. is served 2. are being painted 3. has not been decided 4. belong 5. reading 6. checking / to be checked 7. be kept 8. were believed 9. were taken care of. 10. had been sent 11. would be given
二、完成句子
1. 他的手机出了毛病，所以需要修理了。（repair）
There is something wrong with his cellphone, so it requires __________________.
2. 许多人得了病。大家都认为那里的自来水是罪魁祸首。（blame)
Many people fell ill. It was acknowledged that the running water there __________________.
3. 每次他饿的时候，保姆总是给他苹果吃。（eat）
Every time he is hungry, his nanny always __________________.
4. 他的电影非常值得一看。（worth）
His movies __________________.
5. 经费花了一半，剩下一万元。（remain）
Half of our budget is spent, and ten thousand dollars __________________.
答案：1. repairing/ to be repaired 2. was to blame 3. gives him apples to eat 4. is worth watching 5. remains
三、把下列句子改为被动语态
1．They paint our classroom white.
_____________________________________________________________________
2．Many people are always asking him silly questions.
_____________________________________________________________________
3．What I am telling you is the truth.
_____________________________________________________________________
4．The doctors will operate on the patient inside tomorrow.
_____________________________________________________________________
5．The government is paying attention to the issue now.
_____________________________________________________________________
6．The experts have studied the plan for three times.
_____________________________________________________________________
7．She has already returned this book to the library.
_____________________________________________________________________
8．I made him work hard.
_____________________________________________________________________
9．We will plant many trees on the hill in five years.
_____________________________________________________________________
10．The company has promised a rise in salary for ages，but nothing has happened yet.
_____________________________________________________________________
答案：1. Our classroom is painted white by them.
2. He is always being asked silly questions (by many people)．
3. What you are being told is the truth./What is being told to you is the truth.
4. The patient will be operated on by the doctors inside tomorrow.
5. The issue is being paid attention to by the government now.
6. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.
7. This book has already been returned to the library by her.
8. He was made to work hard by me.
9. Many trees will be planted by us on the hill in five years.
10. A rise in salary has been promised by the company for ages，but nothing has happened yet.
四、语法填空
When you 1.__________ (hurt) deeply by someone, you may feel it very difficult 2.__________ (remove) your anger. But forgiving is possible and it can be 3.__________ great benefit to your health. Up to now, a research 4.__________ (show) that people who forgive have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. “People who forgive others show 5. __________ (little) anger and more hopefulness,” says Dr Frederic Luskin, 6.__________ wrote the book Forgive for Good. “So it can help reduce the tiredness and allow people to feel more 7.__________ (energy).”
So when someone hurts you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure. Don’t wait for an apology. “Many times the person who has hurt you may escape 8.__________ (apologize),” says Dr Luskin. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things in the same way.”
Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting 9.__________ the person has done to you. Finally, try to see things from the other person’s perspective. To achieve it, just put 10.__________ (you) in that person’s place.
答案：1.are hurt 2.to remove 3.of 4.has shown 5.less 6.who 7.energetic 8.apologizing 9.what 10.yourself
五、阅读理解
Tablets(平板电脑) are useful devices, but their big screens always make them a burden to carry around without a bag. Wouldn’t it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable(可折叠的) phone is about to become available. In February, Samsung and Huawei both introduced foldable phones, the Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X separately, to the public for the first time. Mobile phone use has entered the “foldable future”, The Verge noted.
The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices, due to their bendable screens, give us the larger screens we want but still fit easily into the pocket. The technology could change other devices too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers, which could help increase available space to the maximum. In a keynote address，Justin Denison, Samsung’s senior vice president, called the foldable screen “the basis for the smartphone of tomorrow”. “It’s a blank canvas(画布) for us to do something beautiful together, ” he said.
So is there nothing to stand in the way of the foldable future According to tech news website Android Authority，the necessary displays were difficult to produce. In 2012, nine out of ten foldable screens produced were defective or unusable. Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to almost 90 percent. However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. That’s a price that few people will be able to afford.
But if the foldable device isn’t going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. Patrick Moorhead, an industry expert told The Verge, “Few are debating if foldable mobile displays are the future of smartphones; the only question is when and by whom.”
1．What do we know about foldable devices
A．They are too big to fit into the pocket.
B．They could bring us much convenience.
C．They have become available in January.
D．They are a burden to carry around without a bag.
2．What can we learn from Denison’s words
A．The foldable screen has great potential.
B．The technology could change other devices too.
C．There must be many problems with the technology.
D．The production of foldable phones will soon decrease.
3．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Complete. B．Proper. C．Imperfect. D．Normal.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Types of Foldable Phones
B．The Coming of Foldable Devices
C．Popular Devices on the Market
D．Difficulties in Producing Foldable Phones
答案：
1. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices，due to their bendable screens，give us the larger screens we want but still fit easily into the pocket. The technology could change other devices too.”可知，折叠设备可以给我们带来很多方便。故选B。
2. A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In a keynote address，Justin Denison，Samsung’s senior vice president，called the foldable screen ‘the basis for the smartphone of tomorrow’．‘It’s a blank canvas(画布) for us to do something beautiful together，’ he said.”可知，可折叠屏幕具有很大的潜力。故选A。
3. C 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“According to tech news website Android Authority，the necessary displays were difficult to produce.”(据科技新闻网站Android Authority称，必要的显示屏很难制作)可知，该画线词所在句意为：十分之九的可折叠屏幕是有缺陷的、不可用的。defective“有缺陷的，不完美的”，与imperfect同义。故选C。
4. B 标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“But if the foldable device isn’t going to change the world overnight，there is no doubt that it is coming.”可知，本文最佳标题是“可折叠设备的到来”。故选B。
六、完形填空
As a young boy my family was very poor. I would often help do something for the neighbors to 1 a little pocket money.
One day I 2 on the door of an elderly woman and asked 3 she needed me to clean the yard. She asked why I was not in 4 and I showed her my worn 5 ， which no longer kept me warm. She 6 me to work in the yard. When I finished，she looked at me and said，“I suppose you want to be 7 now.” She then 8 a jar filled with dollar bills and said，“I’m glad you’ve done a 9 job today but that is not something you should be doing again. I want you to 10 new clothes and get back to school. I also want you to come back to 11 me with your report card and I will 12 you when I see you have worked hard and have some good 13 .Now reach out your little hands and take out as much 14 as you can.”
I put my hands in the jar and 15 so much money that it was 16 for me to buy what I badly needed. Later，I returned several times to see the woman and she did just as she 17 .She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and some delicious food every time I 18 her that I had an “A”．
I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighborhood. I will never forget the huge 19 this wonderful lady made over my life with her 20 .This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again.
1．A. save B．give C．earn D．change
2．A. turned B．knocked C．worked D．looked
3．A. how B．when C．why D．if
4．A. school B．time C．trouble D．bed
5．A. bag B．carpet C．coat D．sofa
6．A. allowed B．forced C．helped D．stopped
7．A. punished B．tested C．praised D．paid
8．A. set up B．took out C．talked about D．put away
9．A. boring B．new C．fine D．terrible
10．A. keep B．buy C．remove D．make
11．A. visit B．forgive C．welcome D．serve
12．A. recognize B．reward C．understand D．protect
13．A. goals B．stories C．marks D．ideas
14．A. room B．money C．food D．time
15．A. grabbed B．lost C．borrowed D．charged
16．A. rare B．enough C．simple D．special
17．A. promised B．discovered C．knew D．admitted
18．A. asked B．required C．showed D．wrote
19．A. decision B．progress C．mistake D．difference
20．A. courage B．kindness C．honesty D．happiness
答案：
1. C save挽救；give给；earn挣；change改变。根据第一段中的“As a young boy my family
was very poor.”可知，作者帮助别人干活的目的是赚钱，故选C项。
2. B turn改变；knock敲门；work工作；look看。句意为：一天，我敲开了一位老太太的门，问是否需要打扫院子。knock on the door敲门，故选B项。
3. D 句意参考上题解析。how如何；when当……时候；why为什么；if是否。故选D项。
4. A school学校；time时间；trouble麻烦；bed床。根据下文的 “...and get back to school”可知，老太太问作者为什么不去学校，故选A项。
5. C bag包；carpet地毯；coat外套，大衣；sofa沙发。根据下文的“which no longer kept me warm”可知，作者给老太太看他的破烂的外套，故选C项。
6. A allow允许；force强迫；help帮助；stop停止。根据下文的“When I finished，she looked at me and said”可知，老太太允许作者在院子里劳动，故选A项。
7. D punish处罚；test检测；praise表扬；pay支付。由下文“a jar filled with dollar bills”可知，作者冒昧地敲开老太太的门来帮她干活，所以老太太要回报作者了，故选D项。
8. B set up建立；take out拿出来；talk about谈论；put away收起来。老太太拿出一个装满钱的罐子(来付给作者工资)，故选B项。
9. C boring令人厌烦的；new新的；fine好的；terrible可怕的。根据上文的“I’m glad...”可知，作者的工作做得很好，故选C项。
10. B keep保持；buy买；remove去除；make使。由上文作者破烂的衣服可知，老太太让他买衣服然后去上学，故选B项。
11. A visit拜访，看望；forgive原谅；welcome欢迎；serve服务。根据下文的“I returned several times to see the woman”可知，老太太让作者带成绩单来看她，故选A项。
12. B recognize辨认；reward奖赏；understand明白；protect保护。根据下文的“She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and some delicious food every time...”可知，老太太许诺看到作者的好成绩会给他奖励，故选B项。
13. C goal目标；story故事；mark分数，成绩；idea想法。解析参见上题。故选C项。
14. B room房间；money钱；food 食物；time时间。根据下文的“...to buy what I badly needed”可知，老太太让作者伸手去拿尽可能多的钱，故选B项。
15. A grab抓取；lose失去；borrow借；charge要价。根据上文的“...take out as much...”可知，作者抓了一大把钱，故选A项。
16. B rare罕见的；enough足够的；simple简单的；special特殊的。根据上文的“...so much money”可知，这钱足够作者买他很需要的东西，故选B项。
17. A promise承诺；discover发现；know知道；admit承认。根据下文的“She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and some delicious food...”可知，老太太按她的承诺每次见到作者拿着“A”的成绩单时，都会给作者一些钱和好吃的东西，故选A项。
18. C ask问；require要求；show展示；write写。作者每次给老太太看他的好成绩时，她都会给作者以奖励。此处与上文的“when I see you have worked hard and have some good...”相呼应，故选C项。
19. D decision决定；progress进步；mistake错误。make a huge difference产生巨大的影响。故选D项。
20. B courage勇气；kindness善良；honesty 诚实；happiness幸福。根据下文的“This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again.”可知，作者不会忘记老太太的仁慈对自己的一生所产生的影响，故选B项。