人教版（2019）必修第一册：Unit1 Teenage Life 同步学案

1.掌握本单元的重点词汇、短语、句型
2.掌握本单元的语法短语
3. 单元话题应用文训练
4. 掌握阅读理解之推理判断题解题方法技巧
课文语法填空
Adam is a freshman at senior high school. _______(be) a senior high school student is a challenge to him.
At the very beginning，he was _______ (confuse) because he was not clear which courses _______ (choose). With the help of his school adviser, he finally chose maths, English, chemistry, history and Chinese. _______ Chinese is difficult, he still made the decision to learn it after he _______ (careful) thought about it. He was also recommended _______ (sign) up for advanced literature for his future.
When he was refused by the football team coach, he was unhappy. _______, he didn’t want to quit. Improving _______ his own is what he wants to do now. Now, Adam is a member of the Volunteer Club and he is happy _______ ( help) homeless people.
Adam is one of the new students in senior high school, who has given us a good example in facing _______ (challenge)
答案：Being confused to choose Although carefully to sign However on to help challenges
读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性。
1. (教材原文P16) The first week was a little confusing.
2. (教材原文P16) The building is so big that I'm completely lost.
3. (教材原文P16) My first French class was very confusing.
1. debate n. 争论，辩论，讨论
v. 讨论，辩论;
(1) under debate 正在讨论中/正在辩论中
a heated/ lively debate 一场激烈的/热烈的争论
(2) debate on/ over/ about 就…进行讨论
As far as I know, the proposal is still under debate.
据我所知，这一提议还在讨论中。
We debated with them on the question till late into the night.
我们就这个问题和他们辩论到深夜。
【例题检测】
1. The two sides debated ________ each other ________ the question of the origin of the universe.
2. There is no need to __________________________________.(因这个事与他争论)
3. After _________________(长时间辩论), the proposal was agreed on .
4. The United Nations Security Council will _________________ (就这个问题展开讨论)today
答案：1. with；about/on/over 2. debate with him about the matter 3. a long debate 4. debate the problem
2. prefer vt. 较喜欢
(教材p12)I prefer helping others.
我喜欢帮助别人。
prefer …to… 喜欢……多于……
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢……
prefer doing to doing sth. 和……相比更喜欢……
prefer to do rather than do sth. 更喜欢……而不是……
I’d prefer you to drive, if you don’t mind.
我宁愿让你来开车，如果你不介意的话。
I would prefer reading books to watching TV.
我宁愿看书而不愿看电视。
【例题检测】
Some girls ______________________________ at home.
有些女孩更愿意在家完成作业。
Adam prefers ______________________________ to ______________________________.
Adam喜欢照顾小动物多于做志愿者。
My father ______________________________ rather than __________________________
和上网相比，我爸爸更喜欢在影院看电影
答案：1. prefers to finish homework
2. taking care of animals being a volunteer
3. prefer to watch movies at a cinema. surf the internet
3. predict vt. 预言，预告，预测
(1) It’s predicted that…据预测/据预报
(2) predictable adj. 可预见的，可预料的
unpredictable adj. 不可预见的
prediction n. 预言，预测
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.
唤醒感官的第一步是在事情发生之前停止预测我们将要看到和感觉到什么。
I's difficult to predict who will win because two sides are competitive.
难以预测谁会赢，因为双方都有竞争力。
She predicted ( that) the election result would be close.
她预言选举结果将会很接近。
It is predicted that the weather will get better tomorrow.
据预报，明天天气会变得更好。
【语境串记】
He said that he could predict an earthquake several days ahead of time, but some experts said that the prediction was ridiculous because the earthquake was not predictable.
他说，他能提前几天预测地震,但是一些专家说这种预测是荒谬的，因为地震是不可预测的。
【例题检测】
1. _______________________ that in the year 2100, there will be hundreds of billions of websites.
2. While folk wisdom can still provide a guide to help forecast weather, today’s methods of ________ (predict) increasingly rely on technology.
3. 人类大脑的发展似乎是不可预测的。
_________________________________________________________
答案：1. It is predicted 2. prediction 3. The development of the human brain seems unpredictable.
4. content
(1)n. [U]满足,满意;[pl. ]所含之物，目录;[ sing. ](书、讲话、节目等的)主要内容，主题
with content满意地，满足地
Looking at her grandson, the old man smiled with content.
看着她的孙子,这位老人满意地笑了。
She hadn't read the letter and so was unaware of its content.
她没有看过那封信，所以对其内容无所知。
(2)adj.满足的，满意的;愿意的。
be content with 对.......满足/满意= be satisfied with.../ be pleased with...
be content to do sth. 愿意做某事
Don't be content with such small success.
不要满足于这样小的成功。
He is content to remain where he is now.
他安于现状。
(3)vt. (使)满足。
content oneself with..满足..使(某人)自己...感到满足
He wisely contented himself with his family and his love of nature.
他非常明智，拥有家庭和对自然的爱便满足了。
【例题检测】
1. 教授对实验的结果很满意。
__________________________________________________________
2. 大火烧毁了那栋大楼里的东西。
__________________________________________________________
答案：1. The professor was content with the result of the experiment.
2. Fire has damaged the contents of the building.
5. suitable adj. 合适的;适宜的;适当;适用
(教材p12) Which club do you think is suitable for Adam
你认为哪个社团适合亚当？
be suitable for sb. 适合某人
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
I don’t think he is suitable for the position.
我认为他不适合这个职位。
It is not suitable for you to dress like that for a party.
你穿成那样参加聚会不合适。
【辨析】fit, proper，suitable 与appropriate
易混词 用法
fit 指具有适合于某个目的,某种工作或某种用途等的品质或条件
proper 往往侧重于符合某个标准或习惯
suitable 指具有适合于某种特定场合、地位或情况等的品质
appropriate 指专门适合于某人或某事,语气较重，强调“恰如其分”
【例题检测】
1. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whichever ________(suit) you best.
2. Jobs exists, but they are not ________(suit) for people like you who have no ambition for future.
3. 这个节目儿童不宜。
_______________________________________________________
答案：1. suits 2. suitable 3. This program is not suitable for children.
6. challenge vt. 向……挑战；质疑
(教材P14) Senior high school is a challenge.
高中是一个挑战。
(1)n. 挑战;挑战书,(比赛、打斗等的)邀请
face a challenge面临挑战
The present world is full of challenges as well as opportunities.
当今社会充满了机遇与挑战。
Schools must meet the challenge of new technology.
学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。
(2)vt.向....挑战;对......质疑
challenge sb. to (do)sth 向某人挑战(做)某事
Mary challenged me to (play) another tennis game.
玛丽向我挑战，要我跟她再打一场网球。
Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth goes round the sun.
现在没有人会对地球绕着太阳转这一事实提出异议。
(3)challenging adj.具有挑战性的
challenged adj. 受到挑战的
【例题检测】
1. Teaching young children is a __________(challenge)and rewarding job.
2. After lunch Carey __________(challenge)me to a game of tennis.
3. Every teacher ought to challenge kids __________(think)about more solutions.
4. When you __________________________(面临挑战), you must believe you can overcome it and never give up.
5. He is very confident and always ready to __________________________(接受任何挑战).
答案：1. challenging 2. challenged 3. to think. 4. face a challenge. 5. accept/ take up any challenges
7. confuse vt. 使迷惑，使困惑；混淆
(教材p14) The first week was a little confusing.
第一周（对我而言）有些迷惑。
(1)vt.使糊涂,使迷惑
What you said just now confused me. Could you say all that again
你刚才说的话使我感到迷惑。你能再完整地说一遍吗
(2)vt. .....混淆,混同
confuse A with/and B将A和B混淆
You confused Australia with Austria.
你把澳大利亚和奥地利搞混了。
People often confuse me and my twin sister.
人们常常把我和我的孪生妹妹搞错。
(3) confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的(修饰人或人的声音、表情等) ;混乱的
be confused about/by被....搞糊涂了，对......感到困惑
confusing adj.难以理解的，不清楚的(常用于修饰事物的性质)
(4) confusion n.困惑;混淆;困窘
in confusion 困窘地，迷惑地
【例题检测】
1. I always confuse you __________ your sister. You look so alike.
2. I am totally __________ (confuse). Could you explain that again
3. If you are confused __________ anything, phone my office.
4. He looked at me in __________(confuse) and did not answer the question.
答案：1. with 2. confused 3. about 4. confusion
8. graduate
(教材p14)1 know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate.
我知道中文是一门非常难学的语言，但我希望在毕业时能流利地进行对话。
(1)vi.毕业
graduate from 毕业于..学校
graduate in毕业于.....专业
He graduated from an American college last year and graduated in history.
去年他毕业于一所美国的大学， 毕业于历史专业。
(2)vt.授以学位,准予毕业
The university graduated 350 students last year.
去年这所大学有350名学生毕业。
(3)n.大学毕业生;毕业生
He’s a college graduate.他是一名大学毕业生。
(4)graduation n.毕业;毕业典礼
undergraduate n.本科生
postgraduate n.研究生
【例题检测】
1. After my ________(graduate), Dad’s business was getting back on track.
2. Daming graduated ________ physics ________ Cambridge University.
3. 毕业之后， 他在一家上海的公司找到了一份工作。
________________________________________________________________
答案：1. graduation 2. in；from 3. After graduating, he found a job in a company in Shanghai.
9. recommend vt. 推荐，介绍，建议
My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it.
我的指导老师建议我报名高级文学，因为我喜欢英语而且成绩不错。
(1)vt.推荐，介绍
recommend sth. to sb. / recommend sb. sth.把某物推荐给某人
recommend sb. as/for+头衔/职位 推荐某人担任(职务)/到......
He will recommend you for the job.他会推荐你做那份工作。
I recommend the book to all my students.
我向我所有的学生推荐这本书。
I recommended her as your secretary.
我推荐她当你的秘书。
(2)vt. 建议，劝告
recommend doing...建议做......
recommend sb. to do...建议某人做.....
recommend + that...建议... (that引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略)
It is/ was recommended that..建议... (that引导的主语从句也用虚拟语气)
He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.
他建议先看这本书,再去看这部电影。
The doctor recommended his patient to go out for a walk.
那位医生建议他的病人出去散散步。
The teacher recommended that everyone (should) take an active part in the English party.
老师建议每一个人积极参加英语派对。
【例题检测】
1. Graham’s father strongly recommended __________ (send) the boy to school in England.
2. 医生建议所有的孩子们马上做检查。
___________________________________________________________
答案：1. sending 2. Doctors recommended that all children (should) be examined at once
10. advanced adj. 高级的；先进的
The specialist coming from the organization brought us advanced technology.
来自这个组织的专家给我们带来了先进的技术。
【归纳拓展】
advance (1)n. [C,U]前进;进展
in advance(=ahead of time)预先，事先，提前
To catch the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
为了赶上早班机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。
His ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived.
他的思想远远超越了他所处的时代。
(2)vi.前进;vt.促进
A group of students are advancing towards our school library.
有一群学生正向我们学校图书馆走来。
【例题检测】
1. The dictionary is suitable for __________ (advance) English learners.
2. If the meeting is cancelled, we should be informed __________ advance.
答案：1. advanced 2. in
11. quit v. 停止；离开；戒掉
(教材p14)Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won’t quit.
显而易见，我有些沮丧，但我不会放弃。
(1)vt.&vi.停止(做某事) ，戒掉
quit doing ( sth. )停止做(某事)
Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people quit smoking.
医生正在做研究以弄清当人们戒烟的时候身体会发生什么(变化)。
(2)vt. & vi.离开(工作职位学校等) ,离任,离校
quit school退学
quit as… 辞去……（职务）
quit one’s job离职
He has decided to quit as manager of the team.
他已决定辞掉团队经理的职务。
Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作,去年我去拜访她时，她在社区当义工。
【例题检测】
1. I am tired of being treated like that, so I decided to ________________(辞职).
2. During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers and trees, but as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. Finally I wanted to quit __________(climb).
答案：1. quit my job 2. climbing
12. (教材P14) I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.
我会找到提升自己的方法，以便自己明年能加入校队。
本句为主从复合句。so that后面的部分为从句，做前面主句的目的状语，故为目的状语从句。
so that引导目的状语从句
(1)so that 引导目的状语从句时,表示“以便,为了”。其同义短语in order that也可引导目的状语从句,但so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。
Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that/in order that they can understand each other better.
为了缩小父母和孩子之间的距离，他们应该多交流，以便能更好地相互理解。
In order that we can be rich in knowledge, we should read more books.
为了拥有丰富的知识,我们应该多读书。
(2)当so that/in order that引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句简化为in order to/ so as to结构。注意：so as to不能放在句首，而in order to可以。
为了实现我们的理想，我们必须努力学习。
We must study hard so that/ in order that we could realize our dreams.
=We must study hard so as to/ in order to realize our dreams.
=In order to realize our dreams, we must study hard.
【例题检测】
一句多译：他离开的早是为了能按时到那儿。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
答案：He left early so that/ in order that he could get there on time.
He left early so as to/ in order to get there on time.
In order to get there on time, he left early.
13. responsible adj.有责任的；负责的
(教材P14) I know I'll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more.
我知道作为一名高中生，我必须更努力地学习,并且要习惯于对更多事物负责。
(1)be responsible for.......负有责任的
Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责设计整个工程。
(2) responsibility n.责任；职责，义务
a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for.. .对....负责
have responsibility for...对..有责任
The father of a family should have a strong sense of responsibility.
一个家庭的父亲应该有强烈的责任感。
They have responsibility for ensuring that the rules are enforced.
他们有责任确保制度的执行。
My responsibilities include answering the phone and dealing with customer inquiries.
我的职责包括接听电话和处理客户的疑问。
【例题检测】
1. You are in charge of the company, so you should ________________________(对…负责) what you said.
2. As well as teaching soccer’s basic skills and rules, the introduced textbooks will develop team spirit and __________________(责任感).
3. He is always ready to ___________________________(承担重大责任).
答案：1. take responsibility for/ be responsible for 2. a sense of responsibility 3. take on heavy responsibilities
14. (教材P14)I'm a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course, and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.
我对于自己在高级课程中赶上其他同学有些担忧，并且深知要习惯于这一切的作业量是件十分不易的事。
It is +adj. +to do sth.
该句型可以拓展为两种形式:
(1)It is+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth. 意为“(对某人来说)做某事是.....的”
此包型中的形容词是修饰某件事而不是修饰人的，如difficult, easy, hard, important，necessary，possible等。
It is very important to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语很重要
It is illegal to drive a car without a license.在没有驾照的情况下开车是不合法的。
(2)It is+adj. + (of sb.) to do sth.意为“(某人)做某事....的”
此句型中的形容词是修饰人而不是修饰某件事的如kind, brave, clever, stupid , nice, good，silly，careful，naughty等。
It is clever of you to say so!你这样说可真聪明!
It was nice of them to invite us.他们真好，邀请了我们。
【例题检测】
1. It is nice ________ you to help me out of trouble.
2. It is hard ________ Greece to get rid of the debt crisis.
3. 对于学英语的人来说每天早上读英语是很重要的。
________________________________________________________
答案：1. of 2. for 3. It is very important for English learners to read English every morning.
15. schedule n. 时间表， 日程表 vt. 安排；预定
(教材p15)....1 need to make a workable schedule. ..因此我有必要制订出一个可行的计划。
(1)vt.为....安排时间；安排；预定
be scheduled for +时间 被安排在....(时间)
be scheduled to do sth. 被安排做某事
The party is scheduled for the weekend.
聚会安排在周末。
The film star is scheduled to arrive in Shanghai at ten o clock.
那位电影明星预计在10点钟抵达上海。
She is scheduled to give a speech tonight. 她定于今晚发表演讲。
As scheduled, we have English Talent Show today.
按计划，今天我们有英语才艺展示。
(2)n.时间表，进度表；工作计划，日程安排
on schedule按预定时间
ahead of/ behind schedule先于/迟于预定时间
I had such a tight schedule that I had no time to go shopping.
我的工作日程表安排得如此紧,以至于没有时间去购物。
You'd better finish the project on schedule.
你最好按预定时间完成这项工程。
Because of the weather, the sports meeting was held a week ahead of schedule.
由于天气原因，运动会提前一周召开。
【例题检测】
1. I have got __________________________(一个很满的行程) today.
2. We finished the project three weeks ______________________(提前).
3. The operation on the old man will be carried out __________________.(按预定计划)
4. The meeting _________________________(预定在星期四召开).
5. Our guests __________________________(预计到达) at 7:30 in the evening.
答案：1. a very full schedule 2. ahead of schedule 3. on schedule 4. is scheduled for Thursday. 4. are scheduled to arrive
16. try out for 参加…选拔/试演
(教材p16) Yesterday, I tried out for the team.
昨天,我参加了这支队伍的选拔。
try out
(1)测试，试验
The idea sounds fine, but we need to try it out in practice.
这个主意听起来不错，但我们要在实践中试验一下。
(2)试用(某人)
They are trying out a new presenter for the show.他们正在为这个节目试用一名新的主持人。
【归纳拓展】
try on试穿
try for 力争赢得
try one's best尽某人最大的努力
try doing sth.试着做某事
try to do sth.努力做某事
【例题检测】
用try的相关短语完成句子
1. Susan could hardly wait to ___________ the new mobile phone her mother bought her for her birthday.
2. I’d like to ___________ that blue coat to see if it matches my shirt.
3. The university attracts me a lot because there is a great basketball team and I can __________ it.
答案：1. try out 2. try on 3. try out for
17. behaviour n.举止，行为；表现方式，活动方式
(教材p18) I recommend that you talk to your friend about his behavior.
我建议你就他的行为和他进行谈话。
(1)good/bad behavio(u)r良好/恶劣的行为
This is not a family where bad behaviour goes unpunished
在这个家庭,举止不良逃不过惩罚。
(2) behave vt. & vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现
behave oneself守规矩，表现得体
behave well/badly表现得好/不好
Tom, behave yourself. If you keep on doing that, you will end up in serious trouble.
汤姆，注意自己的言行。如果你这样继续下去，早晚会有大麻烦。
It's very hard to train children to behave well at table.
培养儿童吃饭时举止得体是很困难的。
We all have respect for him, for he always behaves like a true gentleman.
我们都很尊敬他，因为他总是表现得像个真正的绅士。
(3) well-behaved adj. 表现好的(比较级better-behaved)
badly-behaved adj.表现差的(比较级: worse-behaved)
【例题检测】
1. 你想象不到一个行为这么得体的绅士竟然会对一位女士这么粗鲁。
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. 他经常被经理责骂，因为他表现得不好。
_____________________________________________________________________________
答案：1. You cannot imagine that such a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
2. He was often scolded by the manager because he behaved badly.
18. attract vt.吸引；招引
(教材P18)It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.
你们这一代的青少年被电脑游戏和网络世界吸引并不罕见。
(1)attract sb. 's attention/ interest引起某人的注意/兴趣
attract....to… 把....吸引到....
I tried to attract his attention, but failed.
我努力去引起他的注意，却没有成功。
What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel abroad.
这份工作最吸引我的地方是有机会出国旅行。
(2) attraction n. [U]吸引，吸引力；[C]具有吸引力的人或事物
(3) attractive adj. 吸引人的；有魅力的；引人注目的
be attractive to… 对……有吸引力
Bright colours are attractive to children.
鲜艳的颜色对儿童有吸引力。
【例题检测】
1. Many of the creatures in the movie Avatar are not real, but much of what happens is still ________(attract).
2. Venice is one of the great tourist ________(attract) in the world.
3. I am attracted ________ the concert because there will be many superstars to perform.
答案：1. attractive 2. attractions 3. to
19. focus v.集中；使(眼睛照相机等)聚焦于
(教材p18) But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.
但花过多时间上网既有害健康，又很难关注生活中的其他方面。
(1)v.集中(注意力、精力等)
focus on/ upon..集中(注意力等) .....
In pursuing a dream, we might focus on only one way of making it come true, forgetting that there may be alternatives.
在追求梦想的过程中,我们可能仅仅集中于一种实现梦想的方法上，而忘了可能还有另外的方法。
(2)vt.使....集中;使(眼睛照相机等)聚焦于
focus one's attention/ mind on... 集中注意力于……
focus one's eyes on...注视……
Please focus your mind on the following problems.
请专注于下列问题。
(3)n. (光、声等的)焦点;中心点(指人或事物)
She always wants to be the focus of attention.
她总是想成为关注的焦点。
【语境助记】
The teacher reminded Tom to focus his attention on what she was saying. Other students looked at him , so he became the focus of the class.
老师提醒汤姆集中注意力听她说话。其他同学都看着他，所以他成了全班的焦点。
【例题检测】
1. 这是会议上关注的主要焦点。
_________________________________________________
2. 由于他在隔壁唱歌，我不能集中注意力看书。（focus）
_________________________________________________
答案：1. It is the main focus of attention at the meeting.
2. I can’t focus on the book with him singing next door.
"make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构有以下几种形式:
(1)当宾语是不定式或从句时，多用it做形式宾语.把真正的宾语后買.构成“make it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”结构。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
大雨使我们无法出去。
I make it a rule to keep a diary every day.
我养成了每天写日记的习惯。
(2)make +名词/代词+不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to不能省略。
Every day my parents make me have an egg. = Every day I am made to have an egg by my parents.
我父母要我每天吃一个鸡蛋。
(3)make+名词/代词+过去分词。构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且分词动作已完成。值得注意的是，不能用现在分词做宾语补足语。
His actions made him greatly respected.他的行为使他备受尊敬。
(4)make+名词/代词+形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得...”
We must make the room clean.我们必须把房间打扫干净。
(5)make+名词/代词+名词。表示 “使某人或某物成为......”
Make your enemy your friend.化敌为友。
We made Tom captain, for he was more experienced.
我们让汤姆当船长,因为他更有经验。
【例题检测】
1. Travelling can broaden our view and it can make us ________(feel) relaxed after a long period of studying or working.
2. The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself ________(hear).
3. The fact that she was a foreigner made ________ difficult for her to get a job in that country.
4. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister.(cry)
答案：1. feel 2. heard 3. it 4. cry；to cry
20. addicted adj.上瘾;入迷
(教材p18)Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life.
一些学生甚至产生了网瘾,不能将精力集中于学校与家庭生活。
(1)be/ become addicted to... 对.....成瘾;沉迷....
Many people are addicted to nicotine which they find it hard to give up.
很多人有烟瘾,他们发现很难戒掉。
(2)addict n.瘾君子；.....入迷的人
(3)addiction 瘾；入迷(常与to连用)
(4)addictive adj.使人入迷的；使人上瘾的
【例题检测】
1. Li Ming is a computer game ________, and his father has been trying to stop him from being ________ to computer games which are ________.(addict)
2. Nowadays many young parents are addicted ________ their electric devices.
3. More and more children are addicted to ________(play) online games day and night.
答案：1. addict；addicted；addictive 2. to 3. playing
一、单词拼写
1. She kept the ________(内容) of the letter a secret.
2. His parents thought it abnormal for a boy to be interested in ________ (芭蕾舞).
3. Teachers have to bring on the bright children and at the same time give ________ (额外的) help to those who need it.
4. Children can often do these puzzles more easily than ________ (成年人).
5. I found out by chance that she was actually a ________ (一年级学生) from London University.
6. Lewis was much admired for his work on American ________ (文学).
7. She was considered a great beauty in her ________ (青年时期).
8. Good books are like a wise and nice man of last ________(一代), who supports me to walk forward, and helps me to understand the world.
9. We know that ________ (温室) gases can affect the climate.
10. It is easy to forget that learning values and character at home is as important as any schoolwork or ________(课外) activity.
11. Can you collect up all the dirty ________ (盘子) and cups
12. Most ________ (专家) agree that dieting needs to be accompanied by regular exercise.
13. ________ (事实上), on second thoughts, I don't think I want to go out tonight.
14. He teaches himself ________ (高等的) physics in his spare time.
15. He was unable to give a reasonable explanation for his rude ________ (行为).
16. What ________ (话题) are under debate this week
17. Few man has changed the world so much in these decades like Steve Jobs, who has no throne, no military force, and no political ________ (头衔).
18. Her books about her ________ (冒险经历) give enjoyment and inspiration to armchair travelers.
19. I would always be an outsider here no matter that I spoke ________ (流利的) Spanish.
20. Babies are born with very control over their ________(运动，动作).
答案：1. contents；2. ballet；3. extra；4. adults；5. freshman；6. literature；7. youth；8. generation；9. greenhouse；10. extra-curricular；11. plates；12. experts；13. Actually；14. advanced；15. behavior；16. topics；17. title；18. adventures；19. fluent；20. movements
短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。了解短语知识对于快速、准确地理解句子意义及划分句子结构大有裨益。
在高中阶段，常见的短语形式有:名词短语(Noun Phrases)、形容词短语(Adjective Phrases)、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)、介词短语及动词短语(Verb Phrases)等。本单元只讲解前面三种形式。
一、名词短语(Noun Phrases)
名词短语: 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词,可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。常见名词短语的构成形式有:
限定词+名词 如: The girl
限定词+形容词(短语)+名词如: A beautiful girl
限定词+名词+介词短语如: A beautiful campus of my school.
限定词+描述性名词+名词 如: My school life
注意：
(1)限定词包括冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that/these/those等)、物主代词( my/your/his/her/our/their等)、不定代词(some/ no/ neither/both等)和数词(one/two/first/second等)。
(2)多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为: 限定词--数词--描绘词--出处--材料性质--类别--名词。
如:a small round table/a tall gray building/a dirty old brown shirt/a famous German medical school/an expensive Japanese sports car
顺口溜记忆：县(限定词)官(观点形容词)行(形状形容词)大(大小形容词)令(年龄新旧形容词)射(颜色形容词)国(国家等出处形容词)才(材料质地等形容词)。
These red roses are for you. 这些红玫瑰是送给你的。(名词短语these red roses 的构成形式为:限定词+形容词+名词,该短语在句中充当主语)
②I have three close friends. 我有三个要好的朋友。
(名词短语three close friends的构成形式为：限定词+形容词+名词，该短语在句中充当宾语)
③He is my best friend. 他是我最好的朋友。
(名词短语my best friend的构成形式为：限定词十形容词+名词，该短语在句中充当表语)
④There are some red roses on that small table.在那张小桌上有一些红玫瑰。
(名词短语some red roses的构成形式为：限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语，该短语在句中充当主语;另外, the small table也是名词短语，在句中作介词on的宾语)
【例题检测】画出下例句中的名词短语并指明构成形式
如:The red clothes with five yellow stars are mine.
形式：限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语
1. The boy is my brother.
2. The cute boy is my brother.
3. The cute boy in blue jeans is my brother.
4. The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my bother
5. The first young man is a bus driver.
答案：1. 限定词+名词 2. 限定词+形容词+名词 3. 限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语 4. 限定词+形容词+名词+动词短语 5. 限定词+形容词+名词
二、形容词短语( Adjective Phrases)
形容词短语，是指一个以形容词为中心构成的短语，在句子中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。常见形容词短语的构成形式有：
副词+形容词 如:very suitable
形容词+enough 如:good enough
形容词+介词短语 如 : good for nothing
副词+形容词+介词 如 : well worthy of praise
①Your room is large and beautiful,你的房间大且美丽。
(形容词短语large and beautiful 的构成形式为:形容词+and/but+形容词,该短语在句中充当表语)
②The room was awfully dirty.这房间太脏了。
(形容词短语awfully dirty的构成形式为:副词+形容词，该短语在句中充当表语)
③The most beautiful bird I have ever seen is peacock.我见过的最漂亮的鸟是孔雀。
(形容词短语most beautiful的构成形式为:副词+形容词，该短语在句中作定语修饰名词bird)
④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。
(形容词短语really happy的构成形式为:副词+形容词，该短语在句中作宾语补足语)
【例题检测】画出下例句中的形容词短语并指明构成形式
如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.
构成形式: 副词+形容词
1. Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
2. The road is long enough.
3. The medicine is good for stomach.
答案：1. 副词+形容词 2. 形容词+enough 3. 形容词+介词短语
三、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)
副词短语:指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。常见副词短语的构成形式有:
(副词)+副词如: much more beautifully
①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在这里工作。
副词短语here yesterday修饰动词did
②Bill did the work very well.比尔做的这份工作很好。
副词短语very well修饰动词did
③We are all entirely responsible for our action
副词短语all entirely, 修饰形容词短语responsible for
【例题检测】
画出下例句中的副词短语
1. You are driving too fast. Could you drive less slowly
2. Strangely enough, she didn’t seem to like ballet very much.
3. The horse ran quite slowly, so they arrived very late.
指出下列各句中划线部分是什么短语
1. Our original plan was to go to Spain, but it was too expensive.
2.I can't find the arrival time of my train on this schedule.
3. The country will continue its commitment to observing the principle of religious freedom.
4. The workers started working very hard.
5. The happiest are not those who own all the best things, but those who can appreciate the beauty of life.
6. (2018 .天津高考改编) The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
7. Don't worry! The girl will lead you back to the hotel.
8. He insists that his independent thinking can help him to find the truth.
9. The Olympic Games，which was first held in 776 BC, did not include women competitors until 1912.
10.It is known to us that Aaron Copland is an energetic promoter of American music.
答1. NP; AdjP 2.NP 3. NP;NP 4. AdvP 5. NP；NP. 6.NP 7. AdvP 8.NP 9. NP 10. NP
【技巧点拨】
一般而言 ,建议信属于半开放式作文，大多要求考生根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提出合理的建议，材料多为征求建议的信件。写好建议信的两个要素：
1.合理安排建议信的内容结构
建议信一般采取三段式结构:
首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的意图。
主体：围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题，用科学委婉的语言提出自己的建议、方法。注意要充分考虑到对方的实际问题，表达时应选择得体的语言，切忌用语生硬呆板，泛泛而谈。
结尾段：表达希望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助。
2.掌握建议信的写作特点
语气要诚恳，有礼貌，顾及对方的感受；建议的内容要详尽具体，不能含糊其辞；可提供的建议通常是多个，因此要注意各个建议之间的衔接。
【常用表达】
首段常用的句型:
I am writing to share some advice with you.
I’m sorry you have trouble in…
You have asked me for my advice about...
I am writing to express my views on/ concerning...
You have asked for some advice concerning. .and I will try to give you my suggestions.
提出建议时常用的句型:
I think it would be a good idea if...
In my opinion, it would be wise to...
I suggest that you should..
In my opinion, you'd better...
I advise you to...
If I were you, I would...
Why not... /Why don't you...
结尾段常用的句型:
I hope you will find these proposals (suggestions/ tips ) practical/ useful/ helpful.
I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in more detail.
I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions.
In the end, I will be glad if you find my suggestions useful. I hope you will take my advice into account.
I will be glad if you will consider my tips.
【写作模板】
A
Dear ________,
You have asked me for my advice about ________(问题), and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.
In my opinion, it would be wise of you to take the following actions: ________(建议内容).
I hope you’ll find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in more detail.
Good luck to you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
B
Dear ________,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to ________(引出对方需要建议的主题). Here are a few suggestions. (引出建议).
First, it’s important to ________. Then, it also helps to ________. Besides, it would be a good idea to ________. You can also ________.(根据要求用不同的句式表达). As to ________, I suggest ________(有时根据需要，要提到另一方面). In addition, ________(其他的建议). I’m sure ________(预测可能的结果，给对方信心和决心).
I’m looking forward to ________(表达愿望). / I hope you will find the suggestions useful.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
（2017·北京高考）
你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择："长江之行"或者"泰山之旅"．Jim来信希望你能给些建议．请你给他回信，内容包括：
1．你建议的线路；
2．你的理由；
3．你的祝愿．
注意：
1．词数不少于80；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．
Dear Jim，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【思路导引】
1.认真审题
首先根据题目要求确定体裁时态、人称及要点。通过审题可知，这是一篇建议信形式的应用文,开头和结尾的格式已经给出，要求为英国朋友Jim就选择“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”提出合理化建议，同时帮助他对两条线路作出理想的选择，因此写作时应将第一人称和第二人称相结合，而且建议信多采用一般现在时和一般将来时。
2.合理布局
文章可采用三段式结构:
第一段,表明欢迎英国朋友Jim来中国旅行;
第二段，提出建议并陈述理由;
最后一段，表示祝愿。
3.注意事项
写作时要注意建议的层次性、条理性，恰当运用first of all, what's more，lastly等衔接词。最后表达自己的期望，语言要简练。
One possible version：
Dear Jim,
I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're coming to China.
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Taishan, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. What's more, you can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River is a better choice.
I hope you'll have a good time in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
1. 题型特点：
提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。
2. 命题方式
（1）. From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage / From the last paragraph we can infer that.
（2）. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that.
（3）. This passage would most likely be found in _________
（4）. The author’s attitude toward …is _________
（5）. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________
3.学生应当注意以下几点：
（1）. 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
（2）. 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，学生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
（3）. 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
（4）. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
（5）. 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。
A
“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
【解析】根据文章第一段中的 You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.可知，你可以当我是最后的候选人，如果没有其他的志愿者，那么我就做。由此可推断出，她不想做自愿者。故选C。
B
Have you ever wondered why birds sing Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
…
How does the writer explain birds’ singing
A. By comparing birds with human beings.
B. By reporting experiment results.
C. By describing birds’ daily life.
D. By telling a bird’s story.
【解析】A。由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。
一、单句语法填空
1. If tasks are too ________, most of students will be discouraged，but Jane prefers ________: the harder, the better. (challenge)
2. I can't stand him any longer- -at the conference he kept asking ________ questions which only ________ the issue and he even didn't realize the ________ he caused to all of us! (confuse)
3. Over the past decades our understanding of genetics ________ greatly, and now is even ________ than most of western countries. (advance)
4. Though up to now no organization has admitted ________ for the bombing, we are determined to bring the people ________ to justice. (responsible)
5. Parents sometimes find it difficult to communicate with their ________ children, because the ________ and their parents rarely agree with each other. (teenage)
6. To organize the school trip successfully, need some ________, so anyone who ________ to help out can sign up here. (volunteer)
7. Don't worry; he ________ your appointment for 9: 30 tomorrow，though I wonder how he can fit everything into his busy ________. (schedule)
8. This new report has become the subject of heated ________ with a large number of experts ________ whether it is right to clone an individual. (debate)
9. When she got up from the table, it was ________ the signal for us to leave; it would be stupid of me not to see this ________ hint. (obvious)
10. The majority of smokers say that they would like ________ the habit. (quit)
11. “________ to computer games for too long, according to a survey conducted recently, will greatly decrease people's desire to take part in social activities.” She said to her nephew, a complete video game________. (addict)
12. The truly humorous individual is often the ________of attention in any gathering with all eyes ________on him or her. (focus)
13. A lot of university ________ want to go into business after ________from the university. (graduate)
14. More and more experts recommend that fathers ________ (present) in their children's education.
15. So, if it has sunny days, most of people prefer to do some outdoor activities and enjoy the warm sunshine, rather than ________ (stay) at home.
16. The real solution ________ the waste problem is to produce much less waste.
17. The focus of recent research has been ________ environmental issues.
18. These are toys suitable ________ children over the age of three.
19.You'd better make Joan help ________these essays, she is one of the ________in our school newspaper. (edit).
20. Jack said he ________ more flexible working hours, and I share the same ________ with him. (prefer)
答案：1. challenging; to be challenged 2. confusing; confused; confusion 3. has advanced; more advanced 4. responsibility; responsible 5. teenage; teenagers 6. volunteers; volunteers 7. has scheduled; schedule 8. debate; debating 9. obviously; obvious 10. to quit. 11. being addicted; addict 12. focus; focused 13. graduates; graduating 14. (should) be present 15. stay 16. to 17. on 18. for 19. (to) edit; editors 20. preferred; preference
二、翻译句子
1. 他宁愿步行而不愿骑自行车。 (prefer ...to...)
____________________________________________________________
2. 我试图读《二十一世纪报》，我发现它很适合我们中学生。(suitable for)
____________________________________________________________
3.我们必须为自己的行为负责。(be responsible for)
____________________________________________________________
4.人被美丽的食物所吸引是很自然的事情。(be attracted to)
____________________________________________________________
5.我想写一些关于吸毒成瘾的人的文章。(addicted ...to...)
____________________________________________________________
6. 我的学校顾问建议我参加辩论俱乐部。(debate)
____________________________________________________________
7. 我的英语老师总是能够使学英语很有趣。(make it…)
____________________________________________________________
答案：
1.He prefers walking to cycling
2. I attempt to read 21st Century，which I find suitable for us students.
3. We should be responsible for our actions .
4. It is natural for people to be attracted to beautiful things.
5. I want to write about people addicted to drugs.
6. My school adviser suggests/ recommends that I (should) join the Debate Club.
7. My English teacher makes it interesting to learn English.
三. 指出下列各句中划线部分是什么短语
1. The local people moved and settled in another place.
2. His business suffered greatly during the war.
3. After a few days of fever, he began to recover.
4. I drove back down the highway an normal speed.
5. Have you packed your clothes yet
6. We usually wear overcoats in cold weather.
7. All our things stayed in our suitcases, as if we would leave at once.
8. There was a period of loneliness in his life.
9. When I came home, Father was packing his things up and leaving home for work.
10. With the help of the old man, they walked towards the mountain.
11.Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.
12. Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
13. The child asked his mother if he could go out to play tennis.
14. Mother asked her why she had gone to bed so late the night before.
15. When the fire broke out, all the workers were able to run away.
答案：1. NP 2. AdvP 3. NP 4. Advp 5. NP. 6. NP. 7. NP 8. NP 9. AdvP 10. NP 11. AdjP 12. NP 13. AdvP 14. AdvP 15. NP
词性转换
1. challenge n.挑战；艰巨任务 vt. 向……挑战→ challenging adj. 挑战性的
2. confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑→confusing adj. 令人迷惑的→confused adj. 感到迷惑的→confusion n.迷惑
3. suitable adj.合适的→suit vt.适合；使适宜
4. fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的；熟练的→ fluently adv.流利地；熟练地
5. graduate vi.&vt.毕业；获得学位→ graduation n.毕业；毕业典礼
6. recommend vt.建议；推荐；介绍 → recommendation n.建议，推荐
7. obvious adj. 显而易见的→ obviously adv.显然；明显地
8. volunteer n. 志愿者；志愿兵；vt.&vi.自愿→voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的
9. responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的→ responsibility n.责任；义务
10. advance n.前进；发展 vi.前进；发展vt.发展；促进→advanced adj. 高级的；先进的
一. 语法填空
On our way to the house，it was raining 1._______ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 2.________(get) there. 3._______was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with a group of dogs. Our hosts shared many of 4._______(they) experiences and 5. _______(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya (木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6.______ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7.______ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular 8.______ tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9. _______ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10.______(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案：1. so 2. to get 3.It 4.their 5. recommended
6.competition 7.traditional 8.with 9.were invited 10.listening
二. 完形填空
If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a __1_ reason, such as your job or your studies __2__ perhaps you are interested in the __3___, films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a __4___ of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of __5__, but traditional classes are an ideal（理想的）start for many people. They __6_ an environment where you can practice under the __7__ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead __8__ lives and learning a language takes __9__. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a __10__. It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __11__.
Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too __12__,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more __13__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any __14__. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people __15__ about the mistakes they make when __16__. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __17__ you’re much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never __18__. But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be __19__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __20__ own language. Good luck!
1. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical
2. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or
3. A. literature B. transport C. Agriculture D. medicine
4. A. view B. knowledge C. form D. database
5. A. paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers
6. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide
7. A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure
8. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal
9. A. courage B. time C. energy D. place
10. A. theory B. business C. routine D. project
11. A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more
12. A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired
13. A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly
14. A. age B. speed C. distance D. school
15. A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel
16. A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning
17. A. if B. and C. but D. before
18. A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy
19. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed
20. A. their B. his C. our D. your
【答案】：
1． C。 根据下文暗示解题。根据下文such as your job or your studies可知是实用的（practical）理由。其余三选项分别意为：技术的；政治的；身体的，物理的。
2．D。 把握句间的逻辑关系。此句与前句同为第一句所提到的关于学习一种新语言的原因，两者之间为选择关系，故选or。
3．A。 利用词汇间的逻辑关系解题。四个选项中，与语言学习关系最密切，且能和films和music并列的，就是A选项literature（文学）。其余三个选项分别意为：交通；农业；医药。
4．B。 考查固定结构。have a good knowledge of something意为：精通，掌握，对…很熟悉。
5．C。 根据上下文语境解题。句意：大部分人通过各种各样的方法（methods）学得最好，但是传统课堂对许多人来说是个理想的开始。
6．D。 根据上下文语境解题。传统的课堂提供（provide）一个环境，在其中你可以在某个擅长于这种语言的人的指导（guidance）下练习。前三个选项分别意为：保护；改变；尊重，均不符合语境。
7．C。 参见上题解析。其余三个选项分别意为：控制；命令；压力，均不符合语境。
8．A。 根据句内的逻辑关系解题。我们都过着忙碌的（busy）生活并且学习一门语言需要时间。其余三个选项分别意为：快乐的；简单的；正常的，均不符合语境，
9．B。 根据生活常识及语境解题。学习一门语言当然需要花费时间（time）。其余三项和take搭配分别意为：鼓起勇气；消耗能量；发生。
10．C。 根据词汇复现解题。前面有“regularly（定期地）”,可知选routine（常规，惯例）。
11．B。 根据句间的逻辑关系解题。根据前面的take years（花很多年时间）和but（转折关系），可知选a lot less（花的时间少得多）。
12． A。 根据上下文语境解题。根据下文的“Yes, children do learn languages more __48__ than adults”可知，有些人觉得自己太老（old）了。其余三项分别意为：紧张；虚弱；疲劳，均不符合语境。
13． B。根据生活常识解题。一般来说，小孩学习语言的确比成年人要快（quickly）。
14 A。根据句间的逻辑关系解题。前面说小孩学习语言的确比成年人要快，后面but转折说研究表明你可以在任何年龄（age）学习语言。其余三个选项分别为：速度；距离；学校，均不符合题意。
15． A。 根据下文暗示解题。下句出现了“Well, relax and laugh”，可知人们担心（worry about）他们犯的错误。
16．D。 利用原词复现解题。前面反复出现learn、learning，可知此处选D。其余三个选项分别意为：唱歌；工作；讨价还价，均不符合语境。
17．B。 考查固定句型：祈使句+ and…。句意：放松并自我解嘲一下自己的错误，这样你就不太可能再次犯这些错误。两句间为顺承关系。
18． D。 根据下文暗示解题。根据下文“But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress”可知，学习一门新的语言从来都不容易（easy）。其余三项分别意为：令人厌烦的；困难的，努力的，坚硬的；有趣的，均不符合题意。
19． B。 根据句内逻辑关系解题。根据后面的“the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words”可知，你只说几句话，人们就与积极的反应，因此会amazed（惊奇的）。其余三项分别意为：被责备；被打断；被告知，均不符合题意。
20．A。 根据句内逻辑关系解题。前面说“the positive reaction of some people”，可知是说一些他们（their）自己的语言的词汇。
三. 阅读理解
Are you preparing for a big test？ If so, you may want to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels(管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says, "While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain."
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician(儿科医生), believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. "Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning," says Margaret.
Older people can beef up their brains as well. Scientists from 11 universities studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants (婴儿), exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.
For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as three hours of exercise a week.
1. What is the best title of this passage？
A. How to exercise
B. How exercise helps the brain
C. How to get good scores on a test
D. How the brain can change
2. According to the reading, what is the connection between exercise and brain development？
A. Exercise makes us stupid.
B. The brain needs special mental exercise.
C. The more exercise, the bigger the brain.
D. Physical exercise helps us think better.
3. The mini amount of excises required to gain any benefit is ________
A. three hours per week
B. 40hours per week
C. three hours per day
D. 40hours per month.
4. Why does the author think that yoga is fit for seniors？
A. It is easy to learn.
B. It can be done in groups.
C. It does not increase the heart rate.
D. It includes learning new motions.
答案：1. B
解析：根据第一段内容“Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development.”可知，医生认为在锻炼和头脑发育之间有密切联系。故选B项
2. D
解析：根据第一段内容“this allows people who exercise to concentrate better.”可知锻炼对集中注意力有好处， 故选D项。
3. A
解析：细节查找题。 根据短文最后一句话可知，最少一周锻炼3小时。
4. D
解析：推理判断题， 根据倒数第二段内容“exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time” 可知年长者需要通过瑜伽这类运动来学习新的技能和运动方式的锻炼方式，帮助记忆。
四. 扩写句子
1.Students take part in clubs.
_____________________________________________________
2. Amy jumped.
_____________________________________________________
3.Boys like playing football.
_____________________________________________________
4.I read a book.
_____________________________________________________
5.Adam asks his teacher a question.
_____________________________________________________
答案:
1.Many senior high freshmen will take part in their favorite clubs.
2.Amy jumped as high as she could.
3.Most of young boys like playing football, a popular sports game among teenagers.
4.I always carefully read my favorite book alone.
5.Adam often asks his experienced Chinese teacher some challenging questions about literature