中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2021-2022学年上海市初三英语一模知识全覆盖冲刺讲义一
考纲词组+首字母高频+语法知识总结+阅读AD训练
目录
TOC \o "1-2" \h \u 考纲词组抽查1： 1
首字母高频词梳理1： 2
语法知识总结1： 4
名词考点概述 4
冠词考点概述 9
数词考点概述 13
（A/D篇专项训练） 17
编者的话：
本专辑结合近三年上海中考英语考纲、20 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )20学年一二三模试题规律，研发此套专辑资料。每一讲分为知识性讲解+专题性训练，知识性讲解基本涵盖中考常考知识，专题性训练选自最新试题，为我工作室独家原创资料，适合即将到来的2022年初三英语一模考试。
考纲词组抽查1：
1. a bit（of） 有一点儿
2. a couple of 两个；几个
3. a kind of 一种；一类
4. a lot of（lots of） 许多
5. a pair of 一双；一副
6. a piece of 一（块，张，片，件）
7. according to 按照；根据
8. add…to… 加上
9. after all 终究；毕竟
10. agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
11. all over 到处
12. all right 行了；好吧；（病）好了
13. all the way 一路上
14. and so on 等等
15. apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉
16. arrive at / in a place 到达某地
17. as…as 像……一样；如同
18. as soon as 一……就
19. as well 也；又
20. ask for 请求；寻求
21. at breakfast / lunch / supper 早／午／晚餐时
22. at first / last 起先；开始的时候／最后；终于
23. at home 在家（里）
24. at least / most 至少／至多
25. at once 立刻；马上
26. at present 现在，目前
27. at the end of 在……结束的时候
28. at the same time 同时
29. at / on weekends 在周末
30. at work 在工作
31. based on 以……为根据；以……为基础
32. be able to 能够（有能力）
33. be afraid of 害怕
34. be angry with sb． 生某人的气
35. be bad for 有害于
36. be born 出生于
37. be busy with / doing sth． 忙于做某事
38. be careful with 小心
39. be connected to / with 与……有联系
40. be covered with 被……覆盖
41. be different from 与……不同
42. be / get familiar to / with 对……熟悉；通晓
43. be famous for 以……而著名
44. be fond of 爱好
45. be full of 充满
46. be good / poor at 擅长于／对……比较差
47. be interested in 对……感兴趣
48. be keen on 喜爱
49. be late for ……迟到
50. be located (in / on / at) 位于
51. be made of 由……制成
52. be made up of 由……组成
53. be pleased with 对……满意
54. be proud of 为……而感到自豪
55. be ready for 为……作准备
56. be responsible for 对……负责任
57. be satisfied with 对……感到满意
58. be strict with 对……严格
59. be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
60. be thankful to sb． 对某人很感激
61. be used to 习惯于
62. because of 由于
63. belong to 属于
64. both…and… 两者都
65. break into 闯入；破门而入
66. by bus/train/plane 乘公共汽车/火车/飞机
67. by oneself 亲自
68. by the way 顺便说；顺便问一下
首字母高频词梳理1：
A开头单词高频
副词： 句中： already also almost always
句尾：again accurately altogether alone
连词： after and as although
介词： around among across along about【版权所有：21教育】
above after against as
动词： 得到：achieve/get/gain/receive afford (afford to do )
agree answer allow appear award
代词：
a. anything anybody all another any
b. both
e. everybody/everything/either/each
s. somebody/something
n. nothing/nobody/neither/none
o. others other one(s)
B开头单词高频
连词： but because before
介词： besides ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) beside/next to below behind before between
动词： begin/start become believe blow book break borrow
形容词： beautiful/pretty brave brief better/best busy
聪明：bright/clever/smart/wise
C 开头单词高频
动词：change sth into sth choose to do sth confuse called
catch/know/understand cause sb./sth. to do
check v./n. close continue correct v. 纠正
complete/finish complain connect…to/with
compare…with… cost control
形容词：careful(carefu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly) careless correct common crazy cheap convenient confident clear comfortable cold clever
一定的：certain/sure be ……to do 一定去做某事
正确：right true correct real
名词：chance choice corner culture/custom hobby/habit
1. Tom is very dishonest, in a______ words, he often tells lies.
2. The I______ brings us closer than before.
3. The plane will take o______ in 10 minutes, so please hurry.
4. Can you d______ the accidents to me in detail
5. She was a______ a big prize for her hard work.
6. He is p______ of his daughter, for she always gets A grades in all subjects.
7. There are twelve m ______ in a year and the second month is F______.
8. I wrote several letters to her, but she didn’t r______.
9. The poor lady a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sked in s______ why the man gave her more than she wanted.
10. Those w______ soldiers were sent to the hospital at once.
11. Reading books as much as possible can e______ our knowledge.
12. The mother told her little daughter that the sun r______ in the east.
13. Doing some r______ before the test is necessary.
14. Pyramid is a s______ of the Egyptian culture.
15. When I was in Ame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rica, I usually sent e-mails to husband to k______ in touch with him.
16. The students in our school always c______ about the food.
17. What great fun it is to go f______ a swim in such hot weather.
18. Go s______ ahead, and you will find the post office on the left.
19. My way of r______ stress is to listen to soft music.
20. It’s n______ of your business. You’d better go away.
1.other 2.internet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 3.off 4.describe 5.awarded 6.proud 7.months/february
8.reply 9.surprise 10.wounded 11.enrich 12.rises 13.revision 14.symbol
15.keep plain 17.for 18.straight 19.reducing 20.none
语法知识总结1：
名词考点概述
一．可数名词
（1）规则变化:
①一般在单数名词词尾加-s。如：map → maps, boy→ boys, horse→ horses, table→ tables.
②以s, x, ch，sh结尾的词加-es ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).如：class→classes, box→boxes, watch→watches, dish→dishes.
③以o结尾的名词, 有生命的加-es, 如：tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes, hero→heroes;
无生命的加-s如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.
【快速记忆：词尾字母若是 o，常用三个已足够，要加 -es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。(英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)。】【出处：21教育名师】
④以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities；
⑤以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.
★以-f或-fe结尾的名词，单数变为复数时， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )大多将-f或-fe变为-ves, 常见的有：“小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用小刀(knife)和树叶(leaf)把狼(wolf)放在架子(shelf)上，劈成了两半(half), 结束了它的生命(life)。”
★以-f或-fe结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-s的有：
海湾(gulf gulfs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))农奴(serf serfs)信(belief beliefs)酋长(chief chiefs)，悬崖(cliff cliffs)证据(proof proofs)上顶房)即房顶、屋顶 roof roofs)
（2）不规则变化
变元音字母：man-men; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) woman-women; goose-geese; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; mouse-mice
单复数同行：fish; deer; sheep
特殊：child-children this---these(这些) that -- those(那些)
国人：Chinese Japa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nese；Englishman- Englishmen ;Frenchman-Frenchmen; German-Germans
变中心词：lookers-on(旁观者 )；brothers-in-law (n. 姐/妹夫) passers- by(过路人，行人)
没有中心词的在词尾加s。如：go-betweens(媒人)； grown-ups(成人) ；
以man或 woman+n.构成的复合词,两个名词都变复数.如: men drivers; women doctors
二. 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。
一件衣服/家具 an article/piece of clothing/furniture
两块巧克力/肥皂 two bars of chocolate/soap
一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒 a bottle of ink/milk/wine
一副眼镜/一双鞋/一条裤子/一把剪刀 a pair of glasses/shoes/trousers/scissors
一点食物 (a) little food
一些工作/建议 some work/advice
很多新闻 a lot of/lots of news
大量信息 huge amounts of information
“万能搭”a piece of：
advice/bread/ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke/chalk/cloth/clothing/equipment/furniture/information/kindness
land/news/paper/wood/work
可数名词与不可数名词修饰量词表.
只能修饰可数名词 只能修饰不可数名词 可数/不可数名词均可修饰
a large/ huge/great number ofthe number ofdozens ofscores ofhundreds of(a) fewseveralmany (a) a great deal ofa large amount ofthe amount ofhuge amounts ofa large sum of (一大笔)(a) littlea bitmuch plenty of/a lot oflots of/a large quantity ofquantities of(谓语动词用复数)the quantity of
三. 在汉语中属于可数范畴，但在英语中为不可数名词的某些词
advice:忠告 bread :面包 chocolate:巧克力 equipment:设备
damage:损坏 food:食物 information:消息 furniture:家具
knowledge:知识 homework :作业 housework:家务 water:水
paper:纸 progress:进步 rice:米 population:人口 milk:牛奶21世纪教育网版权所有
四. 有些名词虽然形式上是单数，但只看成复数
mankind 人类 people 人民 police 警察
五. 多数集合名词，即可看作单数（ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作为一个整体），做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。也可看作复数（表示集体中的各个成员），做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
army 军队 family 家 group 小组
eg: 1.Her family was well known in the region. 她家在该地区是名门望族。
2. His family all work in the city. 他的家人都在这个城市上班。
3. The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。（指家庭这个整体）
4. The family are all music lovers. 这家人都是音乐爱好者。（指家庭成员）
六. 表示时间、距离、金钱、度量的名词可以与数词一起组成定语的复合结构，中间用连字符号连接，并且名词只能用单数形式。www.21-cn-jy.com
a three-year study 一项为期三年的研究
a ten-dollar bill 一张十美元的钞票
七. 名词所有格
名词的所有格总体规律：名词所有格有三种形式：’s所有格，of所有格和同时具备前两种格的双重所有格。
[1] -’s所有格：
-’s所有格形式 一般是在词尾，若原词已有复数词尾-s，则只要在-s后加 (’)
一般用法：主要用于表示有生命的人或物
特殊用法：表示某些无生命的名词所有格也可以词尾加-‘s
A 表示时间 today’s evening paper, a good night’s sleep
B 表示习惯用语 a stone’s throw, a pound’s worth
C 表示距离、国家、城市、团体、机构、节日、学位等 a Bacheler’s degree, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the zoo’s entrance, Father’s Day, China’s industry
[2] of所有格：这种所有格常用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于无生命的东西。如：the name of the supermarket, event of the Olympic Games等。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
① the A of C名词拥有较长的定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语。如：the sound of the children playing, the name of the girl standing outside, the contribution of science and technology
② 表示地理、机构、集体等的名词可用of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或-’s表所有格。如：the population of the city或the city’s population, the plan of the family或the family’s plan等。
③ 在某人的家或工作地at Mr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Green’s to my uncle’s at the tailor’s at the doctor’s
④ 共有？私藏？
Jane and Mary’s father Jane’s and Tom’s fathers
Jane and Mary’s room Jane's and Tom’s rooms
[3] 双重所有格： a book of my friend’s some friends of his father’s
(a) 双重所有格中的第二个名词总是指人，不指物。如：a page of the book’s应改为a page of the book.
(b) 双重所有格中的第一个名词常有不定冠词 (a/an) 或that等词，而第二个名词总是特指。
如：
an idea of a doctor’s ( 错 ) an idea of the doctor’s ( 对 )
the friend of the (a) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doctor’s ( 错 ) a friend of the doctor’s ( 对 )
而that friend of my brother’s是正确的说法。
Attention
(a) a picture of my sister’s (画是我姐姐的)
a picture of my sister (画中人是我姐姐)
(b) 在用-’s和of皆可表示名 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词所有格时，强调有别。如：Chairman Mao’s works (强调works) ，而works of Chairman Mao (强调后者Chairman Mao)。
八. 名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题
（1）谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致，即：主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention. The water in the glass is very cold.
（2）集体名词（如family, clas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, team, group, row, police, school等）做句子主语时，如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式，如：Class Three is a very good class.如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：Class Three have a map of China.
（3）Chinese, Japanese, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard. / There are some sheep in the yard
（4）maths, news等虽然有s结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting.
（5）glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。
如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.
（6）a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。
如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.
A lot of time was wasted on that work. （被动句）
（7）and 连接两个名词做主语时，谓语原则上用复数，但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时，谓语则用单数。
如：The teacher a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd his son are picking apples now./ Fish and chips is very famous food.
（8）there be 句型中be的单复数由靠近的名词决定。
如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.
（9）用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时，谓语一般用复数。
如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.
（10）主语中含有with的短语时，谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。
如：A woman wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road.
（11）either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时，谓语采用就近原则。
如：Either you or he is right. / Neither you nor I am going there.21*cnjy*com
（12）表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时，谓语一般用单数。
如：Two months is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not a short time. Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance（距离）.
（13）主语中含有half of… / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) （three quarters）of… / all （of） the ….等词语时，谓语的单复数由名词确定，
如：Over three quarter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s of the information on the Internet is in English / A third of the students were playing near the lake.
但是，population一词又有特殊 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情况：What’s the population of China / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs（阿拉伯人）. （句子用复数）
巩固练习
1.To stay healthy,your brain needs enough_______as well as your body.
A）exercise B)change C)idea D)act
答案【A】名词辨析：为了保持健康，大脑和身体需要足够的锻炼， 故选exercise
2. The commu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nity has plenty of ________ for the elderly to communicate with each other.
A) room B) class C) program D) game
答案【A】
考查可数名词和不可数名词，BCD都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是可数名词，并且plenty of后面既可以加可数名词和不可数名词，BCD必须加上复数，A，当不可数名词讲时是空间，名词讲是房间，这里指的是足够的空间。21·cn·jy·com
3. After moving to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ir new house, the Lees bought some__________in the mall nearby.
A) furniture B)chair C) table D) shelf
答案：A furniture为不可数名词，其他为可数名词
4. How much________do you have on you
A) money B) coin C) key D)bill
答案：A；考查名词的单复数，有much,所以选不可数money。
5.These studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts collected much______ on the Internet before starting their research
A) pictures B)materials C)information D)stories
【正确答案】C
【题目分析】考查名词的可数性，该名词被形容词much修饰，故应选择不可数名词information
6.There is lit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tle ______ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some for breakfast.
A. tomato B. potato C. egg D. bread
【正确答案】D
【题目分析】名词考查，little修饰不可数名词，bread是不可数，其他三个名词是可数的。
7.The young couple haven’t bought any ______ for their new house.21cnjy.com
A)table B) window C)lamp D)furniture
【正确答案】D
【题目分析】考查名词单复数问题，furniture不可数没有复数形式。
8. Mrs. Black w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ants to make some pizza, so she asks her husband to buy some___________.
A)apple B)butter C)egg D)potato
【正确答案】B
【题目分析】考查不可数名词，只有butter
冠词考点概述
（一）冠词概述
1．冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。
2．冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前，通常带有“一”、“某一”、“一种”的含义；定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。
【重点】
（二）a和an的区别
1．不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。2·1·c·n·j·y
例如：a boy, a university, a European（欧洲的）country;
an hour, an island, an elephant, an umbrella
（三）不定冠词的用法
1、不定冠词用来表示“一”这个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数量，意思和one差不多：
例如，a. Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建成的。
b. He will be back in a day or two.他将在一至两天内返回。
说明：这种用法在表示重量、长度、时间等的词组中特别普遍。例如：a pair of socks, a hundred, two yuan a meter, eight hours a day, twice a week, a cup of tea.
2、泛指某一类人、事或物，这是不定冠词的基本用法。
例：A grammar book is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )necessary to a language learner. 对语言学习者来说，语法书是很必要的。www-2-1-cnjy-com
A house is a useful animal.
3、泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例如，A man is looking for you.
4、表示“每一”，相当于every 例如，I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。
5、用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如，I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。
6、用在某些固定词组中：
a lot(of)许多，大量 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )； after a while过一会儿； have a rest（休息）； have a look（瞧瞧）；have a good time（过得开心）； take a shower（淋浴）； take a break（休息）； take a bath（洗澡）； get a cold（患感冒）； get a fever（发烧）； make a living（谋生）；in a moment（过一会儿）；
（四）定冠词的用法
1、特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。
例如， The blue shirt is mine.蓝衬衫是我的。
Where are the other students 其他学生在哪儿？
2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Open the window, please.请打开窗户。
3、指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。
4、指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger, the sun or the earth 哪一个大，太阳还是地球？
5、用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。
6、用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the United States 美国
7、用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人
8、用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩21教育名师原创作品
9、用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间
10、用在乐器名称前。例如：She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。
11、用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。
例如：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江
12、用在某些固定词组中： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外
（五）零冠词的用法
1、在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，Tian’an Men Square天安门广场，
2、可数名词前已有作定语的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时。
例如my book(正)；my the book(误)
3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
例如：a. They are teachers. 他们是老师。
b. Tigers like meat. 老虎喜欢吃肉
4、在星期，月份，季节，节日前:
例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in spring在春天，on Women’s Day在妇女节
(特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)
5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈
6、在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：I have lunch at school every day.
特例：当football ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)
7、在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如：No.25 Middle School
8、某些固定词组中不用冠词。
(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠词
(2)名词词组：day and n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ight日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻；here and there到处
(3)介词词组：at home在家；i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for example例如；in class在上课；on show展览；in bed在床上
(4)go短语：go home回家 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
【难点】
(六)用与不用冠词的差异
1. in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里
2. in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面
3. take place发生/take the place(of)代替
4. go to school上学/go to the school到学校去
5. next year明年/the next year 第二年
6.a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两人)
【练习】
1. Did you notice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the boy who was talking happily on _______ phone over there
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案【C】考察固定搭配 on the phone 正在打电话
2.The guests are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )told that the furniture in the flat is designed by_________owner himself.
【A】the 【B】an 【C】a 【D】/
答案【A】特指，那个公寓的主人。
3. American viol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inist Lindsey doesn’t play ________ violin in the traditional way.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案【C】乐器前要加the
4. Could you do me _____ favour- would you feed my dog this weekend
A)a B) an C) the D) /
答案【A】do sb a favour帮某人一个忙（固定搭配）
5. Many children start ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to practice playing ______ piano at an early age.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：【C】冠词，固定搭配，play the piano。
6.Many schools prov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ide free lessons for students to play ________ football in the afternoon.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
答案【B】球类运动，零冠词
7.Peter spent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) exciting day in MOCA Shanghai(上海当代艺术馆) last week .
A)the B)a C)an D) /
答案【C】泛指，度过了愉快的一天。Exciting 第一个音为元音，所以选C
8.The doctor suggested ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that he should go on _______ diet and do more exercise.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
答案【A】考察词组，go on a diet节食
9. Kobe Brya ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt made _______ exciting short film called “ Dear Basketball”.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
答案【B】film为可数名词，exciting第一个音为元音音素，所以选B
10.Take a loo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k at _____booklet on the shelf. It tells you how to use the new cooker.
A) a B) an C) the D) /2-1-c-n-j-y
答案【C】表示特指，要用the
11.The opera ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.
A．a, the B．a, 不填
C．不填, the D. 不填，不填
考点：冠词
试题解析：
success 在此指"成功的事"，为可数名词；out of danger（脱离危险）为习语，其中不用冠词。
【答案】B
12.He spent too much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work.
A．the, 不填 B．a, 不填
C．不填, 不填 D．the, the
考点：冠词
试题解析：
on the phone：在听电话,打电话。at work：在工作；上班。均为习语。
【答案】A
13.-John has put ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) forward _______ most challenging question for us to answer.
-Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one.
A．the; 不填 B. 不填; the
C．the; the D．a; a
考点：冠词
试题解析：
第一空后的most不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是构成最高级，而是表示"很"、"十分"，故其前用a；第二空也填a。
句意：约翰提出了一个对于我们来说十分具有挑战的问题。是的，它真的是。我从未听到过一个更难的问题。
【答案】D
数词考点概述
数词：英语中用来表示事物的数量或顺序的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词叫做数词。根据数词的特征，可分为基数词和序数词；根据数字是否为整数，又可分为整数、分数和小数等。数词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语等。近年来，对数词的考查主要有“根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最适当的答案”，这类题型主要考查对数字信息的处理能力；“听短文，完成句子”，这类题型主要考查对数字信息的获取能力；选择填空”这类题型主要考查与数词有关的语言知识和语法知识；“用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子”，这类题型主要考查学生在具体语境中正确理解和运用数词的能力，要求学生掌握基本的构词法知识。近五年的中考试卷里都出现了对数词的考查，每年所占分值为2－3分。
考点剖析
数词分为基数词和序数词两类。基数词表示具体的数目，常用来修饰可数名词的复数形式；序数词表示具体的顺序，常用来修饰可数名词的单数形式。
一、基数词的构成和用法
1．基数词的构成
（1）1－12的基数词是独立的单词，有其各自 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的形式：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。
（2）13－19的基数词以-te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en结尾，如：fourteen，sixteen，seventeen等，但13 thirteen, 15 fifteen，18 eighteen的拼写较特殊。
（3）20－90十位的整数都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以－ty结尾, 如：sixty，seventy，ninety，但20 twenty，30 thirty，40 forty，50 fifty，80 eighty的拼写较特殊。
（4）其他两位数的基数词，在十位数与个位数之间加连字符“-”。如：28 twenty－eight，96 ninety－six。
（5）三位数101－999先说 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“几百”，再说and，再加末尾两位数（或末位数）。如：358 three hundred and fifty-eight。
2．基数词的用法
（1）当表示具体数量时，hundred，th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ousand，million前面用具体的基数词或 several，many等词修饰，只能用作单数形式；表示模糊数量时，hundred，thousand，million要用复数形式，并且和of连用，表示“成百上千”、“成千上万”和“成百万上千万”；表示“在…中占（多少）”，hundred，thousand，million可同时与具体的基数词和of连用。
There are two thousand students in our school.
Thousands of people took part in the winter running.
比较: Two hundre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d of the students in our took part in the reading contest last week.
（2）“基数词＋单数名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”和“基数词＋单数名词＋形容词”结构，可以构成复合形容词，这些词之间必须用连字符“-”连接，如： ten－minute，six－year－old等。复合形容词只能作定语。
（3）基数词的复数形式，可以表示“在某人几十多岁”和“在几世纪几十年代”。
My uncle began to learn Japanese in his thirties．（在他三十多岁时）
比较: My uncle began to learn Japanese at the age of thirty.
He is one of the best writers in the nineteen eighties．（在二十世纪八十年代）
（4）基数词也可以表示顺序， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如：Lesson Five，Chapter Three等。在这种用法中，通常不需要用冠词，第一个字母需大写，且基数词在名词的后面。
（5）“基数词＋单位名词（数量大于1时用复 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数）＋形容词”这种短语，可以表示具体的高度、宽度、深度、距离等含义。如：twenty meters high，five hundred meters away等。
二、序数词的构成和用法
1．序数词的构成
（1）序数词的基本构成一般是在相应的基数词后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )加－th，但要注意一些基数词变为序数词的不规则变化如：one－first, two－second, three－third，five－fifth, eight－eighth, nine -ninth, twelve-twelfth.
（2）以ty结尾的基数词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )变序数词的规则是把y改为ie，再加－th。如：twenty－twentieth, forty -fortieth. sixty - sixtieth, fifty -fiftieth.
（3）其他的两位数和多位数的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )序数词，只将个位的基数词变为序数词，前面的位数不变。如：twenty-one -twenty-first, three hundred and eighty-seven－three hundred and eighty-seventh。
（4）整百位数的序数词在词尾加-th，如：one hundred－one hundredth。
2．序数词的用法
（1）“序数词＋形容词最高级”构成的短语，表示“第几（大，长……）”等含义。
This is the second longest river in the world.
（2）序数词前面一般有定冠词修饰，但也 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有例外，如：①在序数词前面有物主代词时。They celebrated her eightieth birthday．②表示“再一、又一”的意思时。 We’ll read it a second time．我们得再看一遍。
（3）序数词作为街道名称时，如：Fifth Avenue第五大道。
三、分数、小数和百分比的表达
1．分数的表达：由“分子（基数词）＋ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分母（序数词）”构成，分子如果大于1，分母序数词用复数形式，分子和分母之间一般用连字符连接。如：3／5读作 three－fifths, 1／3读作 one－third。
One-third of the students are in the classroom.
Three-fourths of the earth is covered with water.
2．小数的表达：0.82读作 zero point eight two，7.45读作 seven point four five。
3．百分比的表达：45％读作 forty－five percent，67％读作 sixty－seven percent。
四、时间和钟点
6:15读作 six fifteen/ a quarter past six
6:30读作 six thirty/ half past six
6:35读作six thirty-five/ twenty-five(minutes) to seven
五、日期和年份
on March5读作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on March the fifth on 5th March读作 on the fifth of March
in 1995读作 in nineteen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ninety－five in 2001读作 in two thousand and one
六，half的用法
“一个半”的表示方法 one and a half hours＝one（an）hour and a half以此类推。
七、编号
619室Rom 619 第二次世界大战 World War II／the Second World War
第五课 Lesson Five／the fifth lesson
八、年龄
1．她十岁了。
She is ten (years old).
She is ten years of age.
She is aged ten ( years).
2．在……岁 at the age of...
3．几十岁＂in＋one’ s＋整十数的基数词的复数形式＂in one’ s twenties
【练习】
1.____ graduate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s will attend the 100th anniversary celebration of the university next month.
A) Thousand B)Thousands C)Thousand of D) Thousands of
答案【D】
此题较简单，有数词，无s,无of；无数词，有s,有of
2. _______people had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to stay at xi'an Railway station because of the heavy snow two months ago.
A) Thousand B) Thousands C) Thousand of D) Thousands of【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【正确答案】D
【题目分析】考查数词，有of ，thousand需要加s, thousands of 表示成千上万的。
3. Could you tel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l me whether the _________Olympic Games were held in 1972 in Germany (twenty)
4. The actor who acted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the TV series last night became famous in his________(forty)
5.My brother ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and I decided to buy a special gift for grandma's _________ birthday. ( seventy)
6. The record ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing will be played ______to make sure you can understand each word. (two)
7. It's the _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___________ time he has been late for school in a week. (three)
8. Children go to _____ school after they leave elementary school. (second)
8.The May Movement is also called the New Culture Movement.(four)
9.Gorge started flyi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng in his and quickly became an excellent pilot.(twenty)
10. Congratulation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s! You are the ____ visitor today and you can get a big prize. ( hundred )
11.All the classm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate took the difficult exam, but only ____ of them passed.(fifth)
3-11 twentieth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/Twentieth / forties/ seventieth/twice/third/ secondary/fourth/ twenties/ hundredth/five21教育网
（A/D篇专项训练）
1、上海市进才中学北校2021-2022学年九年级上学期期中英语试题
A. Choose the best answer(根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)(12分)
Not all vegetables ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed lots of sunshine. Mark Hoffmann and his wife own a bed-and-breakfast guesthouse in rural Kempton, Illinois. They often serve their guests fresh food from the garden.
The Hoffmann ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s have been growing food and flowers for over twenty years. For almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffmann has been experimenting and working with shade (阴凉) planting. He says, “Most plants will produce more in full sun, but if you do not have full sun, there are other choices.”21*cnjy*com
For example, he grows tomatoes near oak trees. Oak trees can produce a lot of shade. But Mr. Hoffmann says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours a day of direct (直接) sunshine, especially the morning sun. Not only does this go against the traditional advice that tomatoes need six, eight, even twelve hours a day of full sun, it also shows how plants and tree roots can share nutrients (营养素) and water.21·世纪*教育网
Mr. Hoffman sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ys only plants with wider leaves do better in shady environments. He also found that his potatoes did better partly in shade than in full sun.
Moving them out of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e sun helped control an insect problem. Mr. Hoffmann does not use pesticides. He planted the potatoes in the shade, especially on the east side of the tree. The potatoes get the morning sun, but they are shaded during the hottest part of the day. Some insects dislike shade, and the hottest part of the day is when they do the worst of their damage.
Time of day, brightn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess of the sun, shadows from trees, walls and buildings-these all influence how much sunlight falls on plants. And people interested in shade planting should also remember something else. The term “shade” can describe different amounts of darkness. It can even mean different things in different parts of the world.
39. Which of the following can best describe Mr. Hoffmann
A. warm-hearted B. Experienced C. Easy-going D. Funny
40. According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Mr. Hoffmann, how many hours of sunshine is enough to keep tomato plants growing regularly
A. Five hours a day ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. six hours a day C. Eight hours a day D. Twelve hours a day
41. From the passage we can know that ________.
A. plants with wider leaves produce more in full sun
B. as a matter of fact, plants don’t need to grow in full sun
C. the more sunshine plants get, the more they will produce
D. it’s not fit for plants with less wide leaves to grow in shade
42. The underlined word “pesticides” means ________.
A. 化肥 B. 灌溉 C. 农药 D. 修整
43. The writer probably thinks that ________.
A. shade planting nee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds no sunshine B. shade is also important in plant growing
C. it is easy for peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple to learn shade planting D. vegetables made in the shade are of better taste
44. We may read the passage in a magazine of ________.
A. history B. travelling C. agriculture D. sports
【答案】39. B 40. A 41. D 42. C 43. B 44. C
【解析】
【分析】大多数植物在阳光充足的情况下产量会更高，但并不是所有的植物都需要大量的阳光，这篇短文就给我们介绍了霍夫曼先生试验和研究的阴凉种植。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“F ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffmann has been experimenting and working with shade (阴凉) planting.”可知，霍夫曼先生试验和研究阴凉种植有将近十年了，由此可知他是一个有经验的种植者。故选B。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But Mr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Hoffmann says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours a day of direct (直接的) sunshine, especially the morning sun.”可知，霍夫曼先生认为西红柿每天只需要5个小时的阳光照射即可。故选A。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Mr. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Hoffman says only plants with wider leaves do better in shady environments.”可知，霍夫曼先生说叶子更宽的植物在阴凉环境中生长得更好。D选项与这句话同义，故选D。
【42题详解】
词义猜测题。根据语境“M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem. Mr. Hoffmann does not use pesticides.”可知，这个词应该是用来帮助控制昆虫的一种东西，C选项符合语境，故选C。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。文章中介绍了霍夫曼先生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的阴凉种植，结合最后一段“Time of day, brightness of the sun, shadows from trees, walls and buildings-these all influence how much sunlight falls on plants.”，一天的时间、太阳的亮度、树木的阴影、墙壁和建筑物——这些都会影响照射在植物上的阳光的多少。由此可推断，在种植植物的时候，阴凉也是非常重要的。故选B。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文意可知，这篇短文通过介绍霍夫曼先生的阴凉种植，告诉我们阴凉在种植植物时也很重要。文章内容与农业相关，故选C。
D. （12分）
Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）
I’d always dreame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d of visiting Africa, ever since I read my first Tarzan（人猿泰山）comic as a child. Finally, in 2004, to celebrate my 60th birthday, I went to Tanzania to experience a safari （东非游猎）and climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. Seated next to me on the flight was Tanzania’s Minister of Water and Wildlife Development. We walked for thousands of miles, and he arranged me to visit a school. When I arrived at the school, I was shocked. The dirt floors turned into mud during the rainy season, and the walls couldn’t keep out the heat, cold or bugs（小昆虫）. The school was in need of all material goods.
It broke my heart ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that these children had to try hard to survive, so I asked the headmaster what it would cost to feed them. As little as 20 cents per child per day, he told me. Immediately I got home, I founded（成立）Kids of Kilimanjaro. Since then we’ve grown to provide hot lunches for nearly 13, 000 school children in Tanzania every day. The free lunch program has solved an essential problem the children face.
I know a goo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d education could really make a difference in these children’s lives. My parents always told me the importance of education. I paid my own way through college in Tokyo by teaching English to students and business people. After attending university, I moved to San Francisco, when I was 25 years old. In 1978 I realized my American dream when I founded my own company. My success ________.
It’s amazing that som ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ething as simple as a hot lunch can change so many lives. Giving young people a better, healthier life can encourage them to go all the way through college and lead a change in their country.
58. How old was the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )writer when he went to Tanzania for the first time
______________________________________
59. What made the wr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iter shocked, the poor condition of the school or the poor children
______________________________________
60. How much would it cost to feed one child a day
______________________________________
61. How does K ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ids of Kilimanjaro help the school children in Tanzania
______________________________________
62. What can be filled in the blank in the third paragraph
______________________________________
63. What may probably the writer’s purpose of writing this passage
______________________________________
【答案】58. 60 years old.
59. The poor condition of the school.
60. 20 cents.
61. By providi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng hot lunches for nearly 13, 000 school children in Tanzania every day.
62. depends on good education
63. To encourage people to help others.
【解析】
【分析】本文主要讲述作者通过给学校的孩子提供免费午餐的方式来帮助他们的故事。
【58题详解】
根据“Finally, in 2004 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), to celebrate my 60th birthday, I went to Tanzania to experience a safari”可知，作者60岁时去了坦桑尼亚，故填60 years old.
【59题详解】
根据“The dirt fl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oors turned into mud during the rainy season, and the walls couldn’t keep out the heat, cold or bugs.”可知，学校的恶劣条件让作者感到震惊。故填The poor condition of the school.
【60题详解】
根据“As little ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as 20 cents per child per day, he told me.”可知，每个孩子每天需要20美分。故填20 cents.
【61题详解】
根据“Since then w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e’ve grown to provide hot lunches for nearly 13, 000 school children in Tanzania every day.”可知，通过每天为坦桑尼亚近13000名学童提供热午餐来帮助他们。故填By providing hot lunches for nearly 13, 000 school children in Tanzania every day.
【62题详解】
根据“I know a good educ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ation could really make a difference in these children’s lives.”可知，作者通过自己的经历说明教育的重要性，所以此处表示自己的成功取决于良好的教育。故填depends on good education。
【63题详解】
根据“It’s amazing t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat something as simple as a hot lunch can change so many lives. Giving young people a better, healthier life can encourage them to go all the way through college and lead a change in their country.”可知，举手之劳的帮助也能改变他人的人生，所以作者的目的是鼓励人们帮助他人。故填To encourage people to help others.
2、上海市杨浦区2020-2021学年九年级上学期期末（一模）英语试题
A. Choose the best answer.
D=Detective Ken, W=Wilson
D: So, Wilson. What do you believe happened here
W: It’s simple, isn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t it A thief climbed in through the window and stole the painting!
D: Maybe. Or maybe that’s just what somebody wants us to think.
W: What do you mean, Ken
D: Well let’s look at the evidence. Starting at the window. Now, look outside. What can you see
W: A flower bed with some roses.
D: Exactly. A flower bed. And the ground—is it dry or wet
W: It must be quite wet—we’ve had a lot of rain recently.
D: But there are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) no footprints in the flower bed! How is it possible that the thief walks across the flower bed to the window without leaving footprints
W: Er…no.
D: It isn’t! I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t isn’t possible, Wilson! What we’re dealing with here is … a set up! Somebody has arranged the room to look as if a burglary has taken place. Look at the coffee table. What do you notice
W: It’s got a footstool on top.
D: Why has it got a footstool on top
W: Because the thief wanted to climb up…
D: There was no th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ief, Wilson! But look how carefully the footstool was put on top of the coffee table. There isn’t a scratch! A thief wouldn’t be so careful.
W: No, I see what you mean.
D: Who would be so careful, Wilson Think about it!
W: Er…it’s…I suppose…
D: The owner of the table! He wouldn’t want to damage it, would he
W: No, no. He wouldn’t want to…
D: So the owne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r of the table—the owner of Riverford Manor—has arranged everything in this room to look like a Burglary. But the burglary didn’t happen.
W: So, where’s the oil painting
D: That’s what we need to find out! And I think ________.
39. The conversation probably takes place________.
A. at a police station B. at an art museum
C. at a rose garden D. at Riverford Manor
40. What is t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he possible relationship between Detective Ken and Wilson
A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Detective and suspect.
C. Detective and assistant. D. Detective and case reporter.
41. Which of the fol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lowing is an important clue Detective Ken and Wilson found
A. Mud on the outside wall. B. Footprints in the flower bed.
C. An open window. D. An unscratched coffee table.
42. Wilson is a person who________.
A. jumps to conclusions B. pays attention to details
C. is good at reasoning D. refuses to change his mind
43. Detective Ken concludes that the case might be a________.
A. theft B. burglary C. set up D. murder
44. What best fits the blank
A. we can arrest the servants of the manor
B. we should question the owner of the manor
C. we can write a report to end the case
D. we should look for more clues in the manor
【答案】39. D 40. C 41. D 42. A 43. C 44. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是侦探肯和他的助手威尔逊在探讨发生在Riverford庄园的一起奇怪的“入室盗窃”案。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“A flow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er bed with some roses…Look at the coffee table…So the owner of the table—the owner of Riverford Manor”可知，肯和威尔逊正在发生案件的Riverford庄园探讨案情，查询线索。故选D。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据“D=Detec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tive Ken, W=Wilson”及全文可知，肯是一位侦探，他和威尔逊在发生案件的Riverford庄园共同查询线索，肯在探查过程中一直向威尔逊抛出问题，并向其解释问题的关键，两人在一问一答之间探讨出案件的关键，故肯和威尔逊是侦探和助手的关系。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据“But look how ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )carefully the footstool was put on top of the coffee table. There isn’t a scratch! A thief wouldn’t be so careful.”可知，肯在侦查过程中发现脚凳非常小心的放在咖啡桌上，没有在咖啡桌上留下一点划痕，他认为小偷不可能会这么小心，将怀疑的对象转向了庄园主人，即一张没有划痕的咖啡桌是案件的关键线索。故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据“It’s simple, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isn’t it A thief climbed in through the window and stole the painting…Because the thief wanted to climb up…”可知，威尔逊在还没有认真调查案件的情况下，就认定这是一场入室盗窃案，故他是一个草率下结论的人。故选A。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据“What we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’re dealing with here is … a set up!”可知，肯认为这次案件可能是一个圈套。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据“W: So, where’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s the oil painting D: That’s what we need to find out! And I think…”可知，肯和威尔逊推断庄园的主人设计了圈套，而被“盗窃”的油画却不知道去了哪里，所以肯和威尔逊将在Riverford庄园查询更多的线索，试图找出下落不明的油画。故选D。
D. Answer the questions.
As a child, Alain Rob ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ert was afraid of heights. One day, when he was 12, he returned home from school. At the front door of his building, he looked for his keys. He didn’t have them. It was 3:30, and his parents worked until 6:00 p.m. Robert looked at his apartment on the eighth floor. He saw an open window. He closed his eyes and pictured himself climbing the building. When he opened his eyes, he told himself, “I can do it.” A quarter of an hour later, he was in his house, and his fear of heights was gone.
Today, Robert ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (known as the French Spideman) still climbs buildings. In 2004, he climbed Taipei 101(the tallest building in the world at the time), and in 2011 he climbed the Burj Khalifa Tower in Dubai. To reach the top of a building, Robert usually uses only his hands and special shoes. To climb the Burj Khalifa Tower, though, he was made to wear safety ropes.
Robert climb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s as a hobby. He also does it to make money for charity( for children and the homeless). Climbing is his passion. Although many climbing accidents have left him seriously disabled, he has become one of the best solo climbers in the world. Alain says in an interview, “We set ourselves limits, but we are all strong enough to aim higher, to achieve our goals. All we have to do is find such strength within ourselves.”
When Robert c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )limbs, he wants to send a message to people. If you have a dream—something you really want to do—it can become real. But you must be brave and keep trying. If something bad happens, don’t give up. Close your eyes and tell yourself, “I can do it.”
58. Alain Robert is afraid of heights, isn’t he
__________________________________________________
59. How did Robert enter his apartment on the eighth floor one day
__________________________________________________
60. What did Ro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bert use when he climbed the Burj Khalifa Tower in Dubai
__________________________________________________
61. Robert climbs for two reasons. What are they
__________________________________________________
62. If you’re afraid of doing something, what is Robert’s advice
___________________________________________________
63. What do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you think makes Alain Robert become one of the best solo climbers in the world
___________________________________________________
【答案】58. No, he isn’t.
59. He climbe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the building and entered his apartment through an open window.
60. He used only his hands, special shoes and wore safety ropes.
61. A hobby and a way to make money for charity.
62. You must be brave ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and keep trying. If something bad happens, don’t give up.
63. His bravery and his passion for climbing.
【解析】
【分析】亚伦·罗伯特是世界上最优秀的单人攀登者之一，他很勇敢，而且酷爱攀登，通过攀登为慈善事业赚钱。
【58题详解】
根据第一段中“A quarte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r of an hour later, he was in his house, and his fear of heights was gone.”可知，当他爬回到家里以后，他的恐高症消失了，所以他现在没有恐高症，使用否定回答。故填No, he isn’t.
【59题详解】
根据第一段中“He saw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an open window. He closed his eyes and pictured himself climbing the building. A quarter of an hour later, he was in his house, and his fear of heights was gone.”可知，他看到了看着的窗户，脑子里浮现出他攀爬的画面，最后他按照自己的想法攀爬上了这栋楼，通过一扇开着的窗户进入到了公寓。故填He climbed the building and entered his apartment through an open window.
【60题详解】
根据第二段中“Rober ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t usually uses only his hands and special shoes. To climb the Burj Khalifa Tower, though, he was made to wear safety ropes.”可知，罗伯特攀登迪拜哈利法塔时，只能使用他的手和特殊的鞋子，并且要系上安全绳。故填He used only his hands, special shoes and wore safety ropes.
【61题详解】
根据第三段中“Robert ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )climbs as a hobby. He also does it to make money for charity( for children and the homeless).”可知，罗伯特攀登是为了爱好和为了慈善事业赚钱。故填A hobby and a way to make money for charity.
【62题详解】
根据最后一段中“But you mus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t be brave and keep trying. If something bad happens, don’t give up.”可知，罗伯特建议你必须勇敢，继续尝试，如果有坏事发生，不要放弃。故填You must be brave and keep trying. If something bad happens, don’t give up.
【63题详解】
根据第三段中“Climbin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g is his passion. Although many climbing accidents have left him seriously disabled, he has become one of the best solo climbers in the world.”可知，虽然多次攀登事故使他严重残疾，但是他很勇敢，他对攀登的热情和勇敢使得他成为世界上最优秀的单人攀岩者之一。故填His bravery and his passion for climbing.
特别提示
1/2可以用a（one）half表示；1/4, 3/4也可用 quarter表示。
1/4读作 one－fourth或 a quarter，3/4读作 three－fourths或 three quarters。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2021-2022学年上海市初三英语一模知识全覆盖冲刺讲义一
考纲词组+首字母高频+语法知识总结+阅读AD训练
目录
TOC \o "1-2" \h \u 考纲词组抽查1： 1
首字母高频词梳理1： 2
语法知识总结1： 4
名词考点概述 4
冠词考点概述 9
数词考点概述 13
（A/D篇专项训练） 17
编者的话：
本专辑结合近三年上海中考英语考纲、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2020学年一二三模试题规律，研发此套专辑资料。每一讲分为知识性讲解+专题性训练，知识性讲解基本涵盖中考常考知识，专题性训练选自最新试题，为我工作室独家原创资料，适合即将到来的2022年初三英语一模考试。
考纲词组抽查1：
1. a bit（of） 有一点儿
2. a couple of 两个；几个
3. a kind of 一种；一类
4. a lot of（lots of） 许多
5. a pair of 一双；一副
6. a piece of 一（块，张，片，件）
7. according to 按照；根据
8. add…to… 加上
9. after all 终究；毕竟
10. agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
11. all over 到处
12. all right 行了；好吧；（病）好了
13. all the way 一路上
14. and so on 等等
15. apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉
16. arrive at / in a place 到达某地
17. as…as 像……一样；如同
18. as soon as 一……就
19. as well 也；又
20. ask for 请求；寻求
21. at breakfast / lunch / supper 早／午／晚餐时
22. at first / last 起先；开始的时候／最后；终于
23. at home 在家（里）
24. at least / most 至少／至多
25. at once 立刻；马上
26. at present 现在，目前
27. at the end of 在……结束的时候
28. at the same time 同时
29. at / on weekends 在周末
30. at work 在工作
31. based on 以……为根据；以……为基础
32. be able to 能够（有能力）
33. be afraid of 害怕
34. be angry with sb． 生某人的气
35. be bad for 有害于
36. be born 出生于
37. be busy with / doing sth． 忙于做某事
38. be careful with 小心
39. be connected to / with 与……有联系
40. be covered with 被……覆盖
41. be different from 与……不同
42. be / get familiar to / with 对……熟悉；通晓
43. be famous for 以……而著名
44. be fond of 爱好
45. be full of 充满
46. be good / poor at 擅长于／对……比较差
47. be interested in 对……感兴趣
48. be keen on 喜爱
49. be late for ……迟到
50. be located (in / on / at) 位于
51. be made of 由……制成
52. be made up of 由……组成
53. be pleased with 对……满意
54. be proud of 为……而感到自豪
55. be ready for 为……作准备
56. be responsible for 对……负责任
57. be satisfied with 对……感到满意
58. be strict with 对……严格
59. be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
60. be thankful to sb． 对某人很感激
61. be used to 习惯于
62. because of 由于
63. belong to 属于
64. both…and… 两者都
65. break into 闯入；破门而入
66. by bus/train/plane 乘公共汽车/火车/飞机
67. by oneself 亲自
68. by the way 顺便说；顺便问一下
首字母高频词梳理1：
A开头单词高频
副词： 句中： already also almost always
句尾：again accurately altogether alone
连词： after and as although
介词： around among across along about2-1-c-n-j-y
above after against as
动词： 得到：achieve/get/gain/receive afford (afford to do )【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
agree answer allow appear award
代词：
a. anything anybody all another any
b. both
e. everybody/everything/either/each
s. somebody/something
n. nothing/nobody/neither/none
o. others other one(s)
B开头单词高频
连词： but because before
介词： besides ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) beside/next to below behind before between
动词： begin/start become believe blow book break borrow
形容词： beautiful/pretty brave brief better/best busy
聪明：bright/clever/smart/wise
C 开头单词高频
动词：change sth into sth choose to do sth confuse called
catch/know/understand cause sb./sth. to do 21世纪教育网版权所有
check v./n. close continue correct v. 纠正
complete/finish complain connect…to/with
compare…with… cost control
形容词：careful(ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )refully) careless correct common crazy cheap convenient confident clear comfortable cold clever 21教育网
一定的：certain/sure be ……to do 一定去做某事
正确：right true correct real
名词：chance choice corner culture/custom hobby/habit
1. Tom is very dishonest, in a______ words, he often tells lies.21cnjy.com
2. The I______ brings us closer than before.
3. The plane will take o______ in 10 minutes, so please hurry.
4. Can you d______ the accidents to me in detail
5. She was a______ a big prize for her hard work.
6. He is p______ of his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )daughter, for she always gets A grades in all subjects.
7. There are twelve m ______ in a year and the second month is F______.
8. I wrote several letters to her, but she didn’t r______.
9. The poor lady ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) asked in s______ why the man gave her more than she wanted.
10. Those w______ soldiers were sent to the hospital at once.21*cnjy*com
11. Reading books as much as possible can e______ our knowledge.
12. The mother told her little daughter that the sun r______ in the east.
13. Doing some r______ before the test is necessary.
14. Pyramid is a s______ of the Egyptian culture.
15. When I was in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )America, I usually sent e-mails to husband to k______ in touch with him.
16. The students in our school always c______ about the food.
17. What great fun it is to go f______ a swim in such hot weather.
18. Go s______ ahead, and you will find the post office on the left.
19. My way of r______ stress is to listen to soft music.
20. It’s n______ of your business. You’d better go away.
语法知识总结1：
名词考点概述
一．可数名词
（1）规则变化:
①一般在单数名词词尾加-s。如：map → maps, boy→ boys, horse→ horses, table→ tables.
②以s, x, ch，sh结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )尾的词加-es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, watch→watches, dish→dishes.
③以o结尾的名词, 有生命的加-es, 如：tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes, hero→heroes;
无生命的加-s如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.
【快速记忆：词尾字母若是 o，常用三个已足够，要加 -es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。(英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)。】
④以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities；
⑤以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.
★以-f或-fe结尾的名 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词，单数变为复数时，大多将-f或-fe变为-ves, 常见的有：“小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用小刀(knife)和树叶(leaf)把狼(wolf)放在架子(shelf)上，劈成了两半(half), 结束了它的生命(life)。”
★以-f或-fe结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-s的有：
海湾(gulf gulfs) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )农奴(serf serfs)信(belief beliefs)酋长(chief chiefs)，悬崖(cliff cliffs)证据(proof proofs)上顶房)即房顶、屋顶 roof roofs)
（2）不规则变化
变元音字母：man-men; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )woman-women; goose-geese; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; mouse-mice
单复数同行：fish; deer; sheep
特殊：child-children this---these(这些) that -- those(那些)
国人：Chinese Japanese； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Englishman- Englishmen ;Frenchman-Frenchmen; German-Germans
变中心词：lookers-on(旁观者 )；brothers-in-law (n. 姐/妹夫) passers- by(过路人，行人)
没有中心词的在词尾加s。如：go-betweens(媒人)； grown-ups(成人) ；
以man或 woman+n.构成的复合词,两个名词都变复数.如: men drivers; women doctors
二. 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。
一件衣服/家具 an article/piece of clothing/furniture
两块巧克力/肥皂 two bars of chocolate/soap
一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒 a bottle of ink/milk/wine
一副眼镜/一双鞋/一条裤子/一把剪刀 a pair of glasses/shoes/trousers/scissors
一点食物 (a) little food
一些工作/建议 some work/advice
很多新闻 a lot of/lots of news
大量信息 huge amounts of information
“万能搭”a piece of：
advice/bread ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/cake/chalk/cloth/clothing/equipment/furniture/information/kindness
land/news/paper/wood/work
可数名词与不可数名词修饰量词表.
只能修饰可数名词 只能修饰不可数名词 可数/不可数名词均可修饰
a large/ huge/great number ofthe number ofdozens ofscores ofhundreds of(a) fewseveralmany (a) a great deal ofa large amount ofthe amount ofhuge amounts ofa large sum of (一大笔)(a) littlea bitmuch plenty of/a lot oflots of/a large quantity ofquantities of(谓语动词用复数)the quantity of
三. 在汉语中属于可数范畴，但在英语中为不可数名词的某些词
advice:忠告 bread :面包 chocolate:巧克力 equipment:设备
damage:损坏 food:食物 information:消息 furniture:家具
knowledge:知识 homework :作业 housework:家务 water:水
paper:纸 progress:进步 rice:米 population:人口 milk:牛奶21·cn·jy·com
四. 有些名词虽然形式上是单数，但只看成复数
mankind 人类 people 人民 police 警察
五. 多数集合名词，即可看作单数（ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作为一个整体），做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。也可看作复数（表示集体中的各个成员），做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
army 军队 family 家 group 小组
eg: 1.Her family was well known in the region. 她家在该地区是名门望族。
2. His family all work in the city. 他的家人都在这个城市上班。
3. The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。（指家庭这个整体）
4. The family are all music lovers. 这家人都是音乐爱好者。（指家庭成员）
六. 表示时间、距离、金钱、度量的名词可以与数词一起组成定语的复合结构，中间用连字符号连接，并且名词只能用单数形式。21·世纪*教育网
a three-year study 一项为期三年的研究
a ten-dollar bill 一张十美元的钞票
七. 名词所有格
名词的所有格总体规律：名词所有格有三种形式：’s所有格，of所有格和同时具备前两种格的双重所有格。
[1] -’s所有格：
-’s所有格形式 一般是在词尾，若原词已有复数词尾-s，则只要在-s后加 (’)
一般用法：主要用于表示有生命的人或物
特殊用法：表示某些无生命的名词所有格也可以词尾加-‘s
A 表示时间 today’s evening paper, a good night’s sleep
B 表示习惯用语 a stone’s throw, a pound’s worth
C 表示距离、国家、城市、团体、机构、节日、学位等 a Bacheler’s deg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ree, the zoo’s entrance, Father’s Day, China’s industry
[2] of所有格：这种所有格常用于 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )无生命的东西。如：the name of the supermarket, event of the Olympic Games等。
① the A of C名词拥有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )较长的定语。如：the sound of the children playing, the name of the girl standing outside, the contribution of science and technology
② 表示地理、机构、集体 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )等的名词可用of或-’s表所有格。如：the population of the city或the city’s population, the plan of the family或the family’s plan等。
③ 在某人的家或工作地at Mr G ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reen’s to my uncle’s at the tailor’s at the doctor’s
④ 共有？私藏？
Jane and Mary’s father Jane’s and Tom’s fathers
Jane and Mary’s room Jane's and Tom’s rooms
[3] 双重所有格： a book of my friend’s some friends of his father’s
(a) 双重所有格中的第二个名词总是指人，不指物。如：a page of the book’s应改为a page of the book.【版权所有：21教育】
(b) 双重所有格中的第一个名词常有不定冠词 (a/an) 或that等词，而第二个名词总是特指。
如：
an idea of a doctor’s ( 错 ) an idea of the doctor’s ( 对 )
the friend of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e (a) doctor’s ( 错 ) a friend of the doctor’s ( 对 )
而that friend of my brother’s是正确的说法。
Attention
(a) a picture of my sister’s (画是我姐姐的)
a picture of my sister (画中人是我姐姐)
(b) 在用-’s和of皆可表示名词所有格时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，强调有别。如：Chairman Mao’s works (强调works) ，而works of Chairman Mao (强调后者Chairman Mao)。21*cnjy*com
八. 名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题
（1）谓语和谓语基本保持 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )单复数的一致，即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention. The water in the glass is very cold.
（2）集体名词（如family, cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ass, team, group, row, police, school等）做句子主语时，如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式，如：Class Three is a very good class.如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：Class Three have a map of China.
（3）Chinese, J ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )apanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard. / There are some sheep in the yard
（4）maths, news等虽然有s结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting.
（5）glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。
如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.
（6）a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。
如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.
A lot of time was wasted on that work. （被动句）
（7）and 连接两个名词做主语时，谓语原则上用复数，但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时，谓语则用单数。
如：The teacher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and his son are picking apples now./ Fish and chips is very famous food.
（8）there be 句型中be的单复数由靠近的名词决定。
如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.
（9）用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时，谓语一般用复数。
如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.
（10）主语中含有with的短语时，谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。
如：A woman with a 7-ye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar-old child was standing at the side of the road.
（11）either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时，谓语采用就近原则。
如：Either you or he is right. / Neither you nor I am going there.
（12）表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时，谓语一般用单数。
如：Two months is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not a short time. Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance（距离）.
（13）主语中含有half of… / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )（three quarters）of… / all （of） the ….等词语时，谓语的单复数由名词确定，
如：Over three quarter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s of the information on the Internet is in English / A third of the students were playing near the lake.
但是，population一词又有特殊情况： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )What’s the population of China / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs（阿拉伯人）. （句子用复数）
巩固练习
1.To stay healthy,your brain needs enough_______as well as your body.
A）exercise B)change C)idea D)act
2. The commu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nity has plenty of ________ for the elderly to communicate with each other.
A) room B) class C) program D) game
3. After moving to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) their new house, the Lees bought some__________in the mall nearby.
A) furniture B)chair C) table D) shelf
4. How much________do you have on you
A) money B) coin C) key D)bill
5.These studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts collected much______ on the Internet before starting their research
A) pictures B)materials C)information D)stories
6.There is little ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some for breakfast.
A. tomato B. potato C. egg D. bread
7.The young couple haven’t bought any ______ for their new house.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A)table B) window C)lamp D)furniture
8. Mrs. Black wants t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o make some pizza, so she asks her husband to buy some___________.
A)apple B)butter C)egg D)potato
冠词考点概述
（一）冠词概述
1．冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。
2．冠词分为不定冠词和定冠 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词两种：不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前，通常带有“一”、“某一”、“一种”的含义；定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。
【重点】
（二）a和an的区别
1．不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
例如：a boy, a university, a European（欧洲的）country;
an hour, an island, an elephant, an umbrella
（三）不定冠词的用法
1、不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )量，意思和one差不多：
例如，a. Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建成的。
b. He will be back in a day or two.他将在一至两天内返回。
说明：这种用法在表示重量、长度、时间等的词组中特别普遍。例如：a pair of socks, a hundred, two yuan a meter, eight hours a day, twice a week, a cup of tea.
2、泛指某一类人、事或物，这是不定冠词的基本用法。
例：A grammar boo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k is necessary to a language learner. 对语言学习者来说，语法书是很必要的。2·1·c·n·j·y
A house is a useful animal.
3、泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例如，A man is looking for you.
4、表示“每一”，相当于every 例如，I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。
5、用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )例如，I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。www.21-cn-jy.com
6、用在某些固定词组中：
a lot(of)许多，大量； a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fter a while过一会儿； have a rest（休息）； have a look（瞧瞧）；have a good time（过得开心）； take a shower（淋浴）； take a break（休息）； take a bath（洗澡）； get a cold（患感冒）； get a fever（发烧）； make a living（谋生）；in a moment（过一会儿）；21教育名师原创作品
（四）定冠词的用法
1、特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。
例如， The blue shirt is mine.蓝衬衫是我的。
Where are the other students 其他学生在哪儿？
2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Open the window, please.请打开窗户。
3、指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。
4、指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger, the sun or the earth 哪一个大，太阳还是地球？
5、用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。
6、用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the United States 美国
7、用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人
8、用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩
9、用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间
10、用在乐器名称前。例如：She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。
11、用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。
例如：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江
12、用在某些固定词组中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外
（五）零冠词的用法
1、在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，Tian’an Men Square天安门广场，
2、可数名词前已有作定语的物主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时。
例如my book(正)；my the book(误)
3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
例如：a. They are teachers. 他们是老师。
b. Tigers like meat. 老虎喜欢吃肉
4、在星期，月份，季节，节日前:
例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in spring在春天，on Women’s Day在妇女节
(特例：如果月份，季节等被一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)
5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈
6、在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：I have lunch at school every day.
特例：当football，baske ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)
7、在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如：No.25 Middle School
8、某些固定词组中不用冠词。
(1)与by连用的交通工 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠词
(2)名词词组：day an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻；here and there到处
(3)介词词组：at home在家 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for example例如；in class在上课；on show展览；in bed在床上
(4)go短语：go home回家； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
【难点】
(六)用与不用冠词的差异
1. in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里
2. in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面
3. take place发生/take the place(of)代替
4. go to school上学/go to the school到学校去
5. next year明年/the next year 第二年
6.a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两人)
【练习】
1. Did you notic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the boy who was talking happily on _______ phone over there
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2.The guests a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re told that the furniture in the flat is designed by_________owner himself.
A.the B.an C.a D./
3. American violinist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Lindsey doesn’t play ________ violin in the traditional way.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
4. Could you do me _____ favour- would you feed my dog this weekend
A)a B) an C) the D) /
5. Many child ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ren start to practice playing ______ piano at an early age.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
6.Many schools pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vide free lessons for students to play ________ football in the afternoon.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
7.Peter spent exciting day in MOCA Shanghai(上海当代艺术馆) last week .
A)the B)a C)an D) /
8.The doctor sugges ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted that he should go on _______ diet and do more exercise.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
9. Kobe Bryant made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ exciting short film called “ Dear Basketball”.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
10.Take a loo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k at _____booklet on the shelf. It tells you how to use the new cooker.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
11.The operation is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.
A．a, the B．a, 不填
C．不填, the D. 不填，不填
12.He spent t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oo much time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work.
A．the, 不填 B．a, 不填
C．不填, 不填 D．the, the
13.-John has put f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orward _______ most challenging question for us to answer.
-Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one.【出处：21教育名师】
A．the; 不填 B. 不填; the
C．the; the D．a; a
数词考点概述
数词：英语中用来表示事物的数量或顺序的词叫做 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数词。根据数词的特征，可分为基数词和序数词；根据数字是否为整数，又可分为整数、分数和小数等。数词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语等。近年来，对数词的考查主要有“根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最适当的答案”，这类题型主要考查对数字信息的处理能力；“听短文，完成句子”，这类题型主要考查对数字信息的获取能力；选择填空”这类题型主要考查与数词有关的语言知识和语法知识；“用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子”，这类题型主要考查学生在具体语境中正确理解和运用数词的能力，要求学生掌握基本的构词法知识。近五年的中考试卷里都出现了对数词的考查，每年所占分值为2－3分。
考点剖析
数词分为基数词和序数词两类。基数词表示具体的数目，常用来修饰可数名词的复数形式；序数词表示具体的顺序，常用来修饰可数名词的单数形式。
一、基数词的构成和用法
1．基数词的构成
（1）1－12的基数词是独立的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )单词，有其各自的形式：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。
（2）13－19的基数词以-teen结尾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，如：fourteen，sixteen，seventeen等，但13 thirteen, 15 fifteen，18 eighteen的拼写较特殊。
（3）20－90十位的整数都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以－ty结尾, 如：sixty，seventy，ninety，但20 twenty，30 thirty，40 forty，50 fifty，80 eighty的拼写较特殊。
（4）其他两位数的基数词，在十位数与个位数之间加连字符“-”。如：28 twenty－eight，96 ninety－six。
（5）三位数101－99 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )9先说“几百”，再说and，再加末尾两位数（或末位数）。如：358 three hundred and fifty-eight。
2．基数词的用法
（1）当表示具体数量时，hundr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed，thousand，million前面用具体的基数词或 several，many等词修饰，只能用作单数形式；表示模糊数量时，hundred，thousand，million要用复数形式，并且和of连用，表示“成百上千”、“成千上万”和“成百万上千万”；表示“在…中占（多少）”，hundred，thousand，million可同时与具体的基数词和of连用。
There are two thousand students in our school.
Thousands of people took part in the winter running.
比较: Two hundred ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the students in our took part in the reading contest last week.
（2）“基数词＋单数名词”和“基 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数词＋单数名词＋形容词”结构，可以构成复合形容词，这些词之间必须用连字符“-”连接，如： ten－minute，six－year－old等。复合形容词只能作定语。
（3）基数词的复数形式，可以表示“在某人几十多岁”和“在几世纪几十年代”。
My uncle began to learn Japanese in his thirties．（在他三十多岁时）
比较: My uncle began to learn Japanese at the age of thirty.
He is one of the best writers in the nineteen eighties．（在二十世纪八十年代）
（4）基数词也可以表示顺序 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，如：Lesson Five，Chapter Three等。在这种用法中，通常不需要用冠词，第一个字母需大写，且基数词在名词的后面。
（5）“基数词＋单位名词（数量大于1时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用复数）＋形容词”这种短语，可以表示具体的高度、宽度、深度、距离等含义。如：twenty meters high，five hundred meters away等。
二、序数词的构成和用法
1．序数词的构成
（1）序数词的基本构成一般是在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )相应的基数词后加－th，但要注意一些基数词变为序数词的不规则变化如：one－first, two－second, three－third，five－fifth, eight－eighth, nine -ninth, twelve-twelfth.
（2）以ty结尾的基数词变 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )序数词的规则是把y改为ie，再加－th。如：twenty－twentieth, forty -fortieth. sixty - sixtieth, fifty -fiftieth.
（3）其他的两位数和多位数的序 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数词，只将个位的基数词变为序数词，前面的位数不变。如：twenty-one -twenty-first, three hundred and eighty-seven－three hundred and eighty-seventh。
（4）整百位数的序数词在词尾加-th，如：one hundred－one hundredth。
2．序数词的用法
（1）“序数词＋形容词最高级”构成的短语，表示“第几（大，长……）”等含义。
This is the second longest river in the world.
（2）序数词前面一般有定冠词修饰， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但也有例外，如：①在序数词前面有物主代词时。They celebrated her eightieth birthday．②表示“再一、又一”的意思时。 We’ll read it a second time．我们得再看一遍。
（3）序数词作为街道名称时，如：Fifth Avenue第五大道。
三、分数、小数和百分比的表达
1．分数的表达：由“分子（基数词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )）＋分母（序数词）”构成，分子如果大于1，分母序数词用复数形式，分子和分母之间一般用连字符连接。如：3／5读作 three－fifths, 1／3读作 one－third。
One-third of the students are in the classroom.
Three-fourths of the earth is covered with water.
2．小数的表达：0.82读作 zero point eight two，7.45读作 seven point four five。
3．百分比的表达：45％读作 forty－five percent，67％读作 sixty－seven percent。
四、时间和钟点
6:15读作 six fifteen/ a quarter past six
6:30读作 six thirty/ half past six
6:35读作six thirty-five/ twenty-five(minutes) to sevenwww-2-1-cnjy-com
五、日期和年份
on March5读作 on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )March the fifth on 5th March读作 on the fifth of March
in 1995读作 in ninet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een ninety－five in 2001读作 in two thousand and one
六，half的用法
“一个半”的表示方法 one and a half hours＝one（an）hour and a half以此类推。
七、编号
619室Rom 619 第二次世界大战 World War II／the Second World War
第五课 Lesson Five／the fifth lesson
八、年龄
1．她十岁了。
She is ten (years old).
She is ten years of age.
She is aged ten ( years).
2．在……岁 at the age of...
3．几十岁＂in＋one’ s＋整十数的基数词的复数形式＂in one’ s twenties
【练习】
1.____ graduates w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill attend the 100th anniversary celebration of the university next month.
A) Thousand B)Thousands C)Thousand of D) Thousands of
2. _______people ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to stay at xi'an Railway station because of the heavy snow two months ago.
A) Thousand B) Thousands C) Thousand of D) Thousands of
3. Could you te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll me whether the _________Olympic Games were held in 1972 in Germany (twenty)
4. The actor who act ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed in the TV series last night became famous in his________(forty)
5.My brother and I de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cided to buy a special gift for grandma's _________ birthday. ( seventy)
6. The recordi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng will be played ______to make sure you can understand each word. (two)
7. It's the ____________ time he has been late for school in a week. (three)
8. Children go to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _____ school after they leave elementary school. (second)
8.The May Movement is also called the New Culture Movement.(four)
9.Gorge started fly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing in his and quickly became an excellent pilot.(twenty)
10. Congratulations! ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )You are the ____ visitor today and you can get a big prize. ( hundred )
11.All the classmat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e took the difficult exam, but only ____ of them passed.(fifth)
（A/D篇专项训练）
1、上海市进才中学北校2021-2022学年九年级上学期期中英语试题
A. Choose the best answer(根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)(12分)
Not all vegetable ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s need lots of sunshine. Mark Hoffmann and his wife own a bed-and-breakfast guesthouse in rural Kempton, Illinois. They often serve their guests fresh food from the garden.
The Hoffmanns ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve been growing food and flowers for over twenty years. For almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffmann has been experimenting and working with shade (阴凉) planting. He says, “Most plants will produce more in full sun, but if you do not have full sun, there are other choices.”
For example, he grows tomatoes near oak trees. Oak trees can produce a lot of shade. But Mr. Hoffmann says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours a day of direct (直接) sunshine, especially the morning sun. Not only does this go against the traditional advice that tomatoes need six, eight, even twelve hours a day of full sun, it also shows how plants and tree roots can share nutrients (营养素) and water.
Mr. Hoffman says o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly plants with wider leaves do better in shady environments. He also found that his potatoes did better partly in shade than in full sun.
Moving them out of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the sun helped control an insect problem. Mr. Hoffmann does not use pesticides. He planted the potatoes in the shade, especially on the east side of the tree. The potatoes get the morning sun, but they are shaded during the hottest part of the day. Some insects dislike shade, and the hottest part of the day is when they do the worst of their damage.
Time of day, brightn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess of the sun, shadows from trees, walls and buildings-these all influence how much sunlight falls on plants. And people interested in shade planting should also remember something else. The term “shade” can describe different amounts of darkness. It can even mean different things in different parts of the world.
39. Which of the following can best describe Mr. Hoffmann
A. warm-hearted B. Experienced C. Easy-going D. Funny
40. According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Mr. Hoffmann, how many hours of sunshine is enough to keep tomato plants growing regularly
A. Five hours a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) day B. six hours a day C. Eight hours a day D. Twelve hours a day
41. From the passage we can know that ________.
A. plants with wider leaves produce more in full sun
B. as a matter of fact, plants don’t need to grow in full sun
C. the more sunshine plants get, the more they will produce
D. it’s not fit for plants with less wide leaves to grow in shade
42. The underlined word “pesticides” means ________.
A. 化肥 B. 灌溉 C. 农药 D. 修整
43. The writer probably thinks that ________.
A. shade plan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ting needs no sunshine B. shade is also important in plant growing
C. it is easy for peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le to learn shade planting D. vegetables made in the shade are of better taste
44. We may read the passage in a magazine of ________.
A. history B. travelling C. agriculture D. sports
D. （12分）
Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）
I’d always dreamed of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) visiting Africa, ever since I read my first Tarzan（人猿泰山）comic as a child. Finally, in 2004, to celebrate my 60th birthday, I went to Tanzania to experience a safari （东非游猎）and climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. Seated next to me on the flight was Tanzania’s Minister of Water and Wildlife Development. We walked for thousands of miles, and he arranged me to visit a school. When I arrived at the school, I was shocked. The dirt floors turned into mud during the rainy season, and the walls couldn’t keep out the heat, cold or bugs（小昆虫）. The school was in need of all material goods.
It broke my heart ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that these children had to try hard to survive, so I asked the headmaster what it would cost to feed them. As little as 20 cents per child per day, he told me. Immediately I got home, I founded（成立）Kids of Kilimanjaro. Since then we’ve grown to provide hot lunches for nearly 13, 000 school children in Tanzania every day. The free lunch program has solved an essential problem the children face.
I know a good edu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cation could really make a difference in these children’s lives. My parents always told me the importance of education. I paid my own way through college in Tokyo by teaching English to students and business people. After attending university, I moved to San Francisco, when I was 25 years old. In 1978 I realized my American dream when I founded my own company. My success ________.
It’s amazing that s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omething as simple as a hot lunch can change so many lives. Giving young people a better, healthier life can encourage them to go all the way through college and lead a change in their country.
58. How old w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as the writer when he went to Tanzania for the first time
______________________________________
59. What made the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )writer shocked, the poor condition of the school or the poor children
______________________________________
60. How much would it cost to feed one child a day
______________________________________
61. How does Kids ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of Kilimanjaro help the school children in Tanzania
______________________________________
62. What can be filled in the blank in the third paragraph
______________________________________
63. What may probably the writer’s purpose of writing this passage
______________________________________
2、上海市杨浦区2020-2021学年九年级上学期期末（一模）英语试题
A. Choose the best answer.
D=Detective Ken, W=Wilson
D: So, Wilson. What do you believe happened here
W: It’s simple, is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t it A thief climbed in through the window and stole the painting!
D: Maybe. Or maybe that’s just what somebody wants us to think.
W: What do you mean, Ken
D: Well let’s look at the evidence. Starting at the window. Now, look outside. What can you see
W: A flower bed with some roses.
D: Exactly. A flower bed. And the ground—is it dry or wet
W: It must be quite wet—we’ve had a lot of rain recently.
D: But there are n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o footprints in the flower bed! How is it possible that the thief walks across the flower bed to the window without leaving footprints
W: Er…no.
D: It isn’t! ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) It isn’t possible, Wilson! What we’re dealing with here is … a set up! Somebody has arranged the room to look as if a burglary has taken place. Look at the coffee table. What do you notice
W: It’s got a footstool on top.
D: Why has it got a footstool on top
W: Because the thief wanted to climb up…
D: There was no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thief, Wilson! But look how carefully the footstool was put on top of the coffee table. There isn’t a scratch! A thief wouldn’t be so careful.
W: No, I see what you mean.
D: Who would be so careful, Wilson Think about it!
W: Er…it’s…I suppose…
D: The owner of the table! He wouldn’t want to damage it, would he
W: No, no. He wouldn’t want to…
D: So the owner of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the table—the owner of Riverford Manor—has arranged everything in this room to look like a Burglary. But the burglary didn’t happen.
W: So, where’s the oil painting
D: That’s what we need to find out! And I think ________.
39. The conversation probably takes place________.
A. at a police station B. at an art museum
C. at a rose garden D. at Riverford Manor
40. What is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )possible relationship between Detective Ken and Wilson
A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Detective and suspect.
C. Detective and assistant. D. Detective and case reporter.
41. Which of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following is an important clue Detective Ken and Wilson found
A. Mud on the outside wall. B. Footprints in the flower bed.
C. An open window. D. An unscratched coffee table.
42. Wilson is a person who________.
A. jumps to conclusions B. pays attention to details
C. is good at reasoning D. refuses to change his mind
43. Detective Ken concludes that the case might be a________.
A. theft B. burglary C. set up D. murder
44. What best fits the blank
A. we can arrest the servants of the manor
B. we should question the owner of the manor
C. we can write a report to end the case
D. we should look for more clues in the manor
D. Answer the questions.
As a child, Alain Rob ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ert was afraid of heights. One day, when he was 12, he returned home from school. At the front door of his building, he looked for his keys. He didn’t have them. It was 3:30, and his parents worked until 6:00 p.m. Robert looked at his apartment on the eighth floor. He saw an open window. He closed his eyes and pictured himself climbing the building. When he opened his eyes, he told himself, “I can do it.” A quarter of an hour later, he was in his house, and his fear of heights was gone.
Today, Robert (kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wn as the French Spideman) still climbs buildings. In 2004, he climbed Taipei 101(the tallest building in the world at the time), and in 2011 he climbed the Burj Khalifa Tower in Dubai. To reach the top of a building, Robert usually uses only his hands and special shoes. To climb the Burj Khalifa Tower, though, he was made to wear safety ropes.
Robert climbs as a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hobby. He also does it to make money for charity( for children and the homeless). Climbing is his passion. Although many climbing accidents have left him seriously disabled, he has become one of the best solo climbers in the world. Alain says in an interview, “We set ourselves limits, but we are all strong enough to aim higher, to achieve our goals. All we have to do is find such strength within ourselves.”
When Robert clim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bs, he wants to send a message to people. If you have a dream—something you really want to do—it can become real. But you must be brave and keep trying. If something bad happens, don’t give up. Close your eyes and tell yourself, “I can do it.”
58. Alain Robert is afraid of heights, isn’t he
__________________________________________________
59. How did Robert enter his apartment on the eighth floor one day
__________________________________________________
60. What did R ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )obert use when he climbed the Burj Khalifa Tower in Dubai
__________________________________________________
61. Robert climbs for two reasons. What are they
__________________________________________________
62. If you’re afraid of doing something, what is Robert’s advice
___________________________________________________
63. What do you thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nk makes Alain Robert become one of the best solo climbers in the world
___________________________________________________
特别提示
1/2可以用a（one）half表示；1/4, 3/4也可用 quarter表示。
1/4读作 one－fourth或 a quarter，3/4读作 three－fourths或 three quarters。
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