2022届高三英语二轮复习：英语系动词分类及用法讲解学案
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| 名称 | 2022届高三英语二轮复习：英语系动词分类及用法讲解学案 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-12-03 07:29:52 | ||
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高中英语系动词分类及用法讲解
常见的系动词有：
（1） 状态系动词：表示主语状态，主要有be动词。如：He is a teacher.
（2） 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有rest(仍旧)，remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，stand(处于基本状况或情形)。如：This matter rests a mystery. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge It will stay fresh for several days.
（3） 表“像”系动词：表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look.如：He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.
（4） 感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel(觉得，摸起来给人以某种感觉)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)，look(看起来)。如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.
（5） 变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, turn, make, grow, fall, get, go, come, run等。如：She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。The boy’s blood ran cold. Mary’s face went red. His dream has come true. Yesterday he suddenly fell ill.其中turn 后边跟上名词作表语，如果单数名词，要省略不定冠词a或an.
（6） 终止性系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove(证实)， turn out(结果是……)。如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.
1. 系动词的用法：
（1） 系动词本身有词义，但不能单独做谓语，一般不能用于进行时态，也没有被动形式，后接名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句等做表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。如：The weather is turning/growing/becoming/getting cold. He has become a famous doctor. He turned traitor to his country. He’ll never make an actor. Much remains to be done. It seems/appears to me that something is wrong. It sounds like a train going under my room. It tastes of apples.
（2） 系动词be, become/got/grown/interested in modern physics. He seems/appears/drunk. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
（3） 常见的系表结构短语：come true, fall ill, go bad/blind/deaf/blind, keep fit, run cold, go hungry等。
（4） 【典例1】The traffic lights ______ green and I pulled away.
A. came B. grew C. got D. went
[答案与解析]D. 本题考查四个表示“变得，成为”之意的系动词的区别。Grow 表示一种渐变的过程，而且动作不可逆；come 和 get 也是不可逆的动作，一般不和表示颜色的词连用。 go 相当于 turn, 动作既可逆也可不逆。句意为：“绿灯一亮我就开车走了。”
【典例2】Emergency line operators must always _______ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay
[答案与解析]D。供选项四个词均为连系动词：A 项意为“变得”；B项意为“好像、似乎”；C项意为“成为，变得”；D项意为“保持某状态”。句意为：“紧急事务接线员必须随时保持沉着，确保能够收到所有的求助信息。”由句意判断选D项。
常见的系动词有：
（1） 状态系动词：表示主语状态，主要有be动词。如：He is a teacher.
（2） 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有rest(仍旧)，remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，stand(处于基本状况或情形)。如：This matter rests a mystery. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge It will stay fresh for several days.
（3） 表“像”系动词：表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look.如：He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.
（4） 感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel(觉得，摸起来给人以某种感觉)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)，look(看起来)。如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.
（5） 变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, turn, make, grow, fall, get, go, come, run等。如：She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。The boy’s blood ran cold. Mary’s face went red. His dream has come true. Yesterday he suddenly fell ill.其中turn 后边跟上名词作表语，如果单数名词，要省略不定冠词a或an.
（6） 终止性系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove(证实)， turn out(结果是……)。如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.
1. 系动词的用法：
（1） 系动词本身有词义，但不能单独做谓语，一般不能用于进行时态，也没有被动形式，后接名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句等做表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。如：The weather is turning/growing/becoming/getting cold. He has become a famous doctor. He turned traitor to his country. He’ll never make an actor. Much remains to be done. It seems/appears to me that something is wrong. It sounds like a train going under my room. It tastes of apples.
（2） 系动词be, become/got/grown/interested in modern physics. He seems/appears/drunk. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
（3） 常见的系表结构短语：come true, fall ill, go bad/blind/deaf/blind, keep fit, run cold, go hungry等。
（4） 【典例1】The traffic lights ______ green and I pulled away.
A. came B. grew C. got D. went
[答案与解析]D. 本题考查四个表示“变得，成为”之意的系动词的区别。Grow 表示一种渐变的过程，而且动作不可逆；come 和 get 也是不可逆的动作，一般不和表示颜色的词连用。 go 相当于 turn, 动作既可逆也可不逆。句意为：“绿灯一亮我就开车走了。”
【典例2】Emergency line operators must always _______ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay
[答案与解析]D。供选项四个词均为连系动词：A 项意为“变得”；B项意为“好像、似乎”；C项意为“成为，变得”；D项意为“保持某状态”。句意为：“紧急事务接线员必须随时保持沉着，确保能够收到所有的求助信息。”由句意判断选D项。