人教版（新课程标准）必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars>精讲精练课件（74张ppt）

(共74张PPT)
Unit 4 Astronomy :
the science of the stars
必 修 三
Period 1
单词速测
跟随录音朗读单元词汇后检测
Ⅰ.写出下列必考单词
1. 大气层；气氛 n. _____________
2. 乘，增加 v. _____________
3. 系统，体系，制度 n. _____________
4. 不同，不像 prep. _____________
5. 气候 n. _____________
6. 地心引力；重力 n. _____________
7. 理论 n. _____________
8. 碰撞，坠落 v. _____________
9. 卫星 n. _____________
10. 天文学 n. _____________
atmosphere
multiply
system
unlike
climate
gravity
theory
crash
satellite
astronomy
Ⅱ.写出下列单词的变化形式
1. 迷惑，费解 v. 谜，难题 n. __________
困惑的, 茫然的 adj. _________
迷惑; 费解 n. _________
2. 球体，地球 n. _________
全球性的 adj. _________
puzzle
puzzled
globe
global
puzzlement
3. 猛烈的 adj. _____________
暴力 n. _____________
猛烈地 adv. _____________
4. 生存 v. _____________
生存 n. _____________
violent
violence
violently
exist
existence
5. 物理学家 n. _____________
物理 n. _____________
身体的 adj. _____________
6. 生物学 n. _____________
生物学家 n. _____________
biology
biologist
physicist
physics
physical
7. 宗教 n. _________
宗教的 adj. _________
8. 原子 n. _________
原子的 adj. _________
religion
religious
atom
atomic
◆用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The treatment they gave him did him
more ________ than good，though the
doctor insisted it was ________. (harm)
2. Air _______ everywhere and its _______
makes it possible for us to live on. (exist)
3. The use of ________ against the attackers
led to more _______ clashes(冲突).
(violently)
4. A _______tour means traveling all around
the ________ . (globe)
harm
harmless
exists
existence
violence
violent
global
globe
5. She was a ________ woman who wouldn’t
hurt an ant. (gently)
6. Mary was reading a poem with a ________
expression on her face. Its deeper meaning
remained a ________ for her. When I asked
what she thought of the poem, she looked at
me in __________ and said it was indeed
________. (puzzle)
gentle
puzzled
puzzle
puzzlement
puzzling
Ⅲ. 翻译下列必背短语
1. 及时，终将 (time) _____________
2. 密切注视，当心 _____________
3. 高兴, 振奋 _____________
4. 产生，分娩 (birth) _____________
5. 轮到某人 _____________
6. 爆发 (break) _____________
7. 掌握……的诀窍(hang) _____________
8. 既然 (now) _____________
9. 以……为起点 (begin) _____________
10. 朝四面八方 (direction) _____________
in time
watch out
cheer up
give birth to
in one，s turn
break out
get the hang of
now that
begin with
in all directions
Ⅳ. 用本单元动词的适当形式填空
multiply exist prevent puzzle block crash cheer float exhaust watch
1. ___________ very fast，rabbits soon became the largest family of all the animals in this wood.
2. _________ at the __________ result，he stood
there，not knowing what to do.
3. There is no need __________ yourself clearing
up—we’ll do it ourselves.
4. Does life __________ on other planets
5. Many roads ____________ after today’s heavy
snow，so you’d better not go out.
6. It was reported that a plane __________ soon
after it took off，causing 10 deaths.
Multiplying
Puzzled
puzzling
to exhaust
exist
are blocked
crashed
The earth was just a cloud of dust 1____ the “Big Bang”. The earth exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were 2___ time to produce many things，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. 3_____the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface. 4_____ allowed the earth to dissolve 5 _______(harm) gases. Then life began to develop. Small plants multiplied and filled the first oceans and seas 6_____ oxygen. This encouraged the 7___________(develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects，reptiles and dinosaurs appeared after green plants appeared. Small clever animals 8_______ (spread) all over the earth. They are putting much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 9______ prevents heat from the earth into space. Whether life will continue on the earth from millions of years to come will lie in 10_________ this problem can be solved.
after
in
As
harmful
development
spread
which
whether
It
with
Period 2
重点词汇讲练
1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. (P25)
地球猛烈爆炸起火，并喷涌出岩石。
1）loud形容词、副词，“大声的/地”，与sing，
speak，talk，cry，laugh连用。
2）loudly 副词，大声地，暗含“吵闹”，
与explode，shout连用。
3）aloud 副词, “出声地”，与read，think连用。
read aloud think aloud
朗读
自言自语
◆即学即练 用loud；loudly；aloud填空。
1) Sing _______(大点声)，please.
2) The bomb exploded ________ near the
hotel.
3) The kids playing on the playground
often laugh ________ and long.
4) They keep on reading English ________
every day.
loudly
louder
loud
aloud
I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship.(P30)
我高兴起来，由于失重，我在太空船舱里飘来飘去。
1）The good news cheered the family.
2）Let’s go to the playground and cheer
for our players.
3) To our friendship and health, Cheers !
欢呼, 为……喝彩
使…高兴
干杯
咱们去操场为我们的队员加油吧。
让我们为友谊和健康，干杯！
◆短语归纳
cheer (sb.) up (使……)高兴/振作起来
1) 这消息使他高兴起来。
The news ___________________ .
2) 振作起来！我们的困难很快就会过去。
__________! Our troubles will soon be
over.
cheered him up
Cheer up
like prep.　　　　　　
unlike　prep.
dislike n. & v.
unlikely adj.
alike adj.
It’s like/unlike sb to do sth
像，如
不同；不像
不喜欢
做某事实在像/不像某人
不太可能的
相似的，同样的
1) 与约翰不同，汤姆不喜欢踢足球。
_________________________________.
2) 连招呼都不打这不像你。
_________________________________.
3) 我和叔叔不一样, 我很可能喜欢那辆自行车。 __________________________________.
Unlike John, Tom dislikes playing football
It’s unlike you not to say hello
Unlike my uncle, I likely like that bike
exist vi.　存在；生存
exist in 存在于…之中
exist on (= live on) 靠…为生
There exists…(= There be…) 有
n. existence
come into existence 产生；存在
1．同义句转换
1) Water has three states: gas, liquid and
solid.
＝ Water __________three states: gas,
liquid and solid.
2) This new country came into being in
1951.
＝This new country _______________
in 1951.
exists in
came into existence
2．根据汉语意思完成句子
1) 这个大家庭靠什么为生啊？
What does the big family __________
2) 你相信上帝的存在吗？
Do you believe in _________________
the existence of God
exist on
spread (P26, L46)
1）vi. (消息等) 传开
这个消息在学校很快地传开了。
The news spread through the school
very quickly.
2）vt. “使伸展，延伸”, 常与out连用。
He spread out his arms to welcome us.
他张开手臂欢迎我们。
pull　n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
pull up
pull over　　　
pull down
pull out
pull in
pull off
pull together
pull through
(使)车停下; 拔起
停靠路边
拉下；拆掉
拔出；(车) 出站
(车) 进站
脱去，扯下
齐心协力
熬过，恢复健康
— Is there any hope of saving his life 　　
— His injuries are extremely serious，but he’s expected to ______. 　　
A．pull in　　　　
B．pull through 　　
C．pull up
D．pull over 　
B
重点短语
总有一天我会遇见他。
她来得及回来准备晚饭。
观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。
3. The audience clapped in time to
the music.
2. I’ll see him in time.
1. She will be back in time for/to prepare
dinner.
迟早；终将
及时
合节拍
on time
in no time
at a time
at one time
at times (= sometimes)
ahead of time
take one’s time
for the time being
按时
立即
每次
曾经；一度
有时
提前
慢慢来
暂时
1. ____________, I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on studying hard, and you’ll succeed _______.”
2. — Does he often ask you for help
— Oh，no，only ________.
3. Don’t recite all together; one ________.
4. — I am afraid I can’t return the
book to you before Friday.
— ______________.
5. The flowers were so lovely that they were
sold ____________.
At one time
in time
at times
at a time
Take your time
in no time
in one’s turn　 轮到某人
in turn
依次，轮流；反之，反过来
by turns
轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth.
轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth.
轮到某人做某事.
1. 下个星期将轮到我打扫房间。
It’s my turn to clean the room next
week.
I’ll in my turn clean the room next
week.
2. 孩子们轮流做家务。
The children take turns to do housework.
The children do housework by turns.
People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ______ creates further problems.
A．in short B．in case
C．in doubt D．in turn
give birth to
1. 她生了一个健康的宝宝。
She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.
2. Times give birth to heroes.
时势造英雄。
break out　
break away from
break down
break up
break off
break into
突发，爆发
脱离；摆脱
坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败
散了；碎了
(使)停止；中断
强行进入
密切注视；当心；提防
磨损
算出; 锻炼; 产生…的结果
watch out (for)
wear out
work out
【活学活用】用上述短语的适当形式完成句子
1) You can _________the answer by adding all the numbers.
2) My camera batteries _____________.
We can't use it to take photos now.
3) Several fights ____________ last night.
4) ___________for the tall man. He's a thief.
5) Things ____________ quite well.
work out
have worn out
broke out
Watch out
worked out
Period 3
1. Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。
now that “由于；既然”, 引导原因状语从句, 有时that可以省略。
句型考点
①Now (that) you have got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
既然你得到了一次机会，不妨充分利用它。
②你既然已经长大了，就不应该依靠父母了。
Now (that) you have grown up, you should not depend on your parents.
It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. (P26)
水会对于生命的发展起关键作用，这在当时并不明显。
It is/was obvious that...“很明显……”
it作形式主语时，后面的真正主语可以由不定式，动名词或从句充当。如：
It is easy for us to get up at 7 o’clock.
It is easy that we get up at 7 o’clock.
“It is a waste of time/ no use/ no good + doing sth”
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
◆模仿造句。
很明显，我们在这里是非常受欢迎的。_________________________________
2) 在这儿等他是浪费时间。
____________________________________
It is obvious that we are very welcome here.
It is a waste of time waiting here for him.
This made it possible for life to begin to develop. 这就使得生命开始进化成为可能。
主语＋动词＋it＋形/名＋不定式/从句/动名词。
◆模仿造句。
1) 这使我难以控制自己。(hard)
This made _______________________.
2) 他们规定，课内外都讲英语。(a rule)
____________________________________
it hard to control myself
They made it a rule to speak English in and
out of class.
3. It is the lack of gravity on the moon that makes _____ leaps of 30 feet or more. A. possible B. to be possible
C. it possible D. it to be possible
A) It is the lack of gravity on the moon that makes leaps of 30 feet or more possible.
C) It is the lack of gravity on the moon that makes it possible to leap 30 feet or more.
A
... I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. (P31)
我发现我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍。
as far as后省了I was carried, 表示“（在飞船上）步子的跨度是在地球上的两倍。”
◆倍数的表达方式
1) A＋倍数＋-er＋than＋B
2) A＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋B
3) A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width…
＋of ＋B
4) A＋倍数＋what从句
长、宽、高、深、重、大小等相应的名词:
long — length wide — width
high — height deep — depth
weighty — weight large — size
1. 这个大厅是我们房间的两倍大。
The hall is ___________________ our room．
The hall is ___________________ our room．
The hall is ___________________ our room．
2. 这个房子的价格是它去年的两倍。
The price of the house ________________
__________ last year.
The price of the house is _______________
last year.
twice bigger than
twice as big as
twice the size of
is twice as much
as that of
twice what it was
◆即学即练
线段A是线段B的两倍。
________________________________
________________________________
————————————————
Line A is twice as long as Line B.
Line A is twice the length of Line B.
Line A is twice longer than Line B.
What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
What it was to become
what引导的是主语从句
使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。
What surprised everybody is that he didn’t come to the meeting.
The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
1) whether...(or not)引导的从句可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
他是否能成功地通过驾驶考试还不确定。
It is uncertain whether he’ll succeed in passing the driving test or not.
2) last vi.持续，耐久
①演讲持续了一小时。
The speech lasted an hour.
②我们的食物可以维持几天？
How many days will our food last
综合训练 (一)
单元要点自测
1. When do you think we ordinary people can make a trip into ______ space by ______ spaceship
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. /; /
2. Smoking is harmful ______ health, so I’ve determined to get rid of it ______ time.
A. to; in B. for; in C. to; on D. for; on
3. The shops ______ until late every evening, which provides much convenience for us.
A. are opened B. continue open
C. remain open D. last open
4. The fire ______ at midnight and ______ to neighboring buildings by the effect of wind.
A. broke out; was spread B. was broken out; spread
C. broke out; spread D. was broke out; was spread
5. It was ______ that we went camping in the mountain.
A. such nice weather B. so nice a weather
C. such a nice weather D. so nice weather
6. The trainer ______ the whole team to play harder and they won the game in the end.
A. brought up B. cheered up
C. grew up D. turned up
7. We must find a good way to ____ the trees _____down.
A. prevent; cutting B. stop; from cutting
C. keep; being cut D. prevent; being cut
8. Her ______ look on her face suggested that she didn’t understand the ______ poem.
A. puzzling; puzzling B. puzzled; puzzled
C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling
9. I think you will make ______ your great progress in English with your good plan and hard work.
A. possible B. it possible
C. it possible that D. possible that
10. ______ is known to us all is that China won 199 gold medals at the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games.
A. It B. What C. that D. As
11. It is reported that they've earned ______ they did two years ago.
A. twice money more than
B. twice as much money this year as
C. much money as twice as
D. more twice money this year than
12. The storm became so violent ______ we got to the top of the hill.
A. that B. when C. where D. why
13. After she ____ the baby gently on the bed, the mother bent down to pick up the toy ______ on the ground.
A. lied; laying B. lay; lying
C. laid; lying D. laid; laying
14. Clouds are ______ very small drops of water floating in the air.
A. the number of B. a large amount of
C. a great deal of D. masses of
15. — I’m too tired to go any further.
　 — _______, Mary. You are sure to do it well.
　 A. No problem B. No hurry
C. Come on D. That’s OK
Period 4
综合训练 (二)
1. So _______________________ (地震如此
猛烈) that people didn’t escape before
they realized it. (violent)
2.It was at the very beginning that she made the decision _____________________(我们派遣) more firefighters there. (send)
3．_____________________________ (我们应该制定一项计划) to deal with the
present serious situation is important. (work)

violent was the earthquake
that we should send
That we should work out a plan
4. It was James Watt’s observation of steam from a kettle ________________(产生)
the idea of the steam engine. (birth)
5.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on
________________________________ (是否能解决这一问题)．(solve)
6．People in the city are proud of
_________________________ (他们所取得的成就) in the past ten years. (achieve)
that gave birth to
whether this problem can be solved
what they have achieved
7．His request is unreasonable _________
(在于) he knows we can't afford it. (in)
8．_________________________________
__________ (这个瓶子里水两倍于) as in that one. (exist)
9．German is ________________________
(和英语一样难的一门语言) . (as…as)
10. An air France jet is reported _________
(坠落) in the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people aboard.
in that
There exists twice as much water
in this bottle
as difficult a language
as English
to have crashed
短文改错(按高考试卷要求从原文中修改)
Last month I paid a visit the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of gravity would change three time on our journey. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into their seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. When I was in the space, it disappeared. We floated weightless in the cabin and I cheered up. But when I tried to step forward, I find I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. I was surprise to find even walking needed lots of practices now that gravity had changed. The returning to the earth was very frightened. We were amazed to watch fire broke out on the outside of the ship.
短文改错(按高考试卷要求从原文中修改)
Last month I paid a visit the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of gravity would change three time on our journey. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into their seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. When I was in the space, it disappeared. We floated weightless in the cabin and I cheered up. But when I tried to step forward, I find I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. I was surprise to find even walking needed lots of practices now that gravity had changed. The returning to the earth was very frightened. We were amazed to watch fire broke out on the outside of the ship.
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识翻译完成下面的小作文。
地球是火星的六倍大 。我们能否登陆火星完全取决于科学技术的发展 。
火星上几乎没有氧气，中午的温度可能在50度左右，而晚上则在零下100度左右，这使生命存在成为不可能 。
但可以肯定，人类迟早会登陆火星的。
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识翻译完成下面的小作文。
地球是火星的六倍大 (倍数表达法)。我们能否登陆火星完全取决于科学技术的发展 (主语从句) 。
The earth is six times the size of Mars. Whether we can land on Mars depends on the development of science and technology.
火星上几乎没有(exist)氧气。中午的温度可能在零上50度(degree), 而晚上则在零下100度左右，这使生命存在成为不可能 (make, exist；it做形式宾语)。
There exists almost no oxygen on Mars. It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night，which makes it impossible for life to exist.
50 degrees above zero
100 degrees below zero
但可以肯定(certain)，人类迟早会登陆火星的。(it作主语)
But it is certain that man will land on Mars in time.
The earth is six times the size of Mars. Whether we can land on Mars depends on the development of science and technology.
There is almost no oxygen on Mars. It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night，which makes it impossible for life to exist.
But it is certain that man will land on Mars in time.