Unit3 Celebrations Lesson 3 Memories of Christmas-Grammar 课件（15张PPT）

(共15张PPT)
COLLOCATIOINS
To learn about and practise collocations.
什么是搭配？
习惯上讲二个或两个以上的词的组合叫做搭配。 反映了词语之间的共线关系。
搭配在英语中比比皆是，时时处处起着阐明语义、促进语用的积极作用。如：dark night, strong tea, heated argument, Washington Post…
但是，有些搭配不是自然状态，需要反复学习才能掌握。如：black tea, back number, hot potato…
词语的搭配有什么意义？
1. 合适的搭配使表达更自然、地道、流畅
eg This is a fascinating book and contains a wealth of
historical details.
2. 合适的搭配传意丰富，感情丰沛
eg Snow in the Midsummer; A Midsummer Night’s
Dream
3. 词语搭配可以使语言形式多样表意简洁明了
make the bed, set the table, make money, take an action, take place
4. 词语搭配更具有时尚性和开放性
Digital earth, opinion leader, information industry
搭配可以分为三种：
从词语组合关系的密切程度，可以分为固定模式，自由模式和习惯模式。
1. 固定词组。如：catch a cold, take measure, see eye to eye(意见一致) …make sure, as well as, take off
2. 习惯性搭配，具有约定俗成的特点：如 see a doctor, at the daybreak, free of charge, enjoy yourself…, Help yourself, be at home, at ease
3. 当词与词之间没有固定搭配，应需要而产生，叫自由组合型。如: see a bus, see a man, a single ticket/man, read a book /newspaper
Grammar rule:
语法体现在词汇中，词汇受语法制约。 如：形名搭配, 动名搭配, 名介搭配。
acquire knowledge, achieve success, attain one’s end, by bus, on foot…
Pragmatic rule:
英语中许多搭配是依据语用功能而产生的。 很多的时候由语用习惯性套话变成固定型搭配。如：Airport expressway, Control tower, keep space, Check in/out, Fire extinguisher, Room rate, Security check, Yours sincerely…
Notice of usage
有些习惯搭配受英语国家的文化概念和背景影响，如果不注意这个文化习惯，就会在理解上产生差异。 如：eldest sister长姐；free love泛爱；white lie善意的谎言。
Look at the Word Builder. Match the words (1-8) with the endings (a-h) to form common collocations. Then use the collocations to complete the summary.
1 make
2 get stuck
3 be
4 protect
5 do
6 pick
7 cause
8 share
a addicted to
b a lot of harm
c cars
d in a traffic jam
e up sb
f the environment
g excuses
h global warming
Collocations (2)
Many people often 1______________________ when they go to work. How annoyed and stressful they often feel! But the problem is that the number of cars is still going up. Traffic pollution has been found to 2________________ and climate change to a large degree.
1 make excuses 2 get stuck in a traffic jam
3 be addicted to 4 protect the environment
5 do a lot of harm 6 pick up sb
7 cause global warming 8 share cars
get stuck in a traffic jam
cause global warming
Too many cars 3_______________ to the environment and our health. Some advice has been given for people to help 4____________________, for example, using public transport or 5___________, doing your shopping in the shop just around the corner instead of driving to the other side of town. However, people 6_____________ using cars. They 7___________ for using their cars, “I need to 8_________ my daughter. What can I do ”
1 make excuses 2 get stuck in a traffic jam
3 be addicted to 4 protect the environment
5 do a lot of harm 6 pick up sb
7 cause global warming 8 share cars
protect the environment
sharing cars
are addicted to
make excuses
pick up
do a lot of harm