中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
名词所有格精讲精练
一:定义
名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。eg. the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, Jim's bed , the man's wife, the fox's tail
二:名词所有格的种类
一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。三是双重所有格。
’s所有格的构成:
单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, Jim's bed , the man's wife, the fox's tail
复数名词 一般在末尾加’ the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, Childern’s Day,
不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house, the students' books, Teachers' Day, my boss' office, a girls' dormitory
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father, Lucy and Lily’s bedroom
表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略 the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)
三. ’s所有格的用法:
有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。
1 表示时间 表示自然现象 表示国家城市等地方的名词 表示工作群体 表示度量衡及价值 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples
2 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词 the life’s time, the play’s plot
3 某些固定词组 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)
名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。
Whose pen is this It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。
The bike is not mine, but Tom’s.这辆自行车不是我的,是Tom的。
四. of所有格的用法:
用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book, a map of the world , the story of a hero , the windows of the room , the title of the film
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students
某些of所有格和‘s所有格可以互换。
the son of a poor peasant=a poor peasant‘s son一个贫农的儿子
但有时含义却不相同,请比较下面的例子:
an old woman's story(一个老妇人讲自己的身世)
the story of an old woman(别人讲一个老妇人的身世)
五. 双重所有格
在意义上与"one of..."相似:
1 of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词” a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友) =one of my father’s friends, a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)=one of my friends
此外,不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some, any, many, no, few等)以及which等限定词,采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如:
most of the students学生中的大多数
three of them他们中的三个人
I like reading some books of his.我喜欢读他的一些书。
Which book of Qiong Yao’s do you like best 你最喜欢琼瑶的哪一本书?
六. 's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别
请仔细比较下面三句话:
1.She is Mary's brother's friend.
2.She is a friend of Mary's brother.
3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's.
1句用的是's所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突出friend一词。
2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调突出了Mary's brother。
3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她只是其中的一个。
名词所有格精练
1. I want to buy ________.
A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks
2. June 1 is _______.
A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day
3. ______ room is next to their parents’.
A. Kate’s and Joan’s B. Kate’s and Joan C. Kate and Joan’s D. Kate and Joan
4. Miss Green is a friend of _______.
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary
5. Tom is ______. He will come to see me.
A. my a friend B. a friend C. mine friend D. a friend of mine
6. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
7. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______.
A. two breads B. two pieces of breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
8. He bought _______.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes
C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe
9. Beijing is one of the biggest _______ in the world.
A. citys B. city C. cityes D. cities
10. --- Where’s Mr. White --- He’s in _______.
A. the room 202 B. Room 202 C. the Room 202 D. room 202
11. --- Whose room is this --- It’s _______.
A. Li Ming B. Li Ming’s C. Li Mings D. Li Mings’
答案:
ACCAD BCADB B
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