2022年中考英语二轮语法专题精讲学案：宾语从句

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
宾语从句精讲精练
一：定义
在复合句中，作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
eg. We know Mr Green teaches English.
She asked if these answers were right.
二：宾语从句三要素：
连接词，语序，时态
三：连接词
由从属连词that（可省略）引导的宾语从句。-----.陈述句，that 引导的从句，表示陈述一件事实，主句谓语动词表示确定，不疑问；that在句中无任何意义，不充当句子成分，常省略。
He said (that) he missed us very much
The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
The teacher says (that ) we’ll have exams next Friday.
由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句。--------一般疑问句，if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。
I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us
Ask him whether (if) he can come.
I wonde rwhether it is going to rain or not.
注意：只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况。
在引导主语从句、表语从句时如：
Whether it is true remains a question.
The question is whether it is true.
用在动词不定式之前时用whether不用if。
I don’t know whether to go there at once.
当与or not连用，或 or 提出两种选择时:
I don’t know whether he’s free or not.
Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.
Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.
在介词或dicuss后面：
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
We discussed whether we should close the shop.
与动词不定式连用(whether to do sth.) ：
They asked me whether to go skating.
为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句提在主句前。
Whether he will come I am not sure.
注意：只能用if 不能用 whether的情况
引导条件状语从句
If he runs fast, he’ll get there on time.
I’ll go to see you if I have time.
引导否定的宾语从句
Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.
附：if whether用法巧记
两个“是否”并不难，一般情况可代换。
下列情况用whether, 主表不定式or (not)。
作为讨论介词宾，此if不可跟。
引导条件表“如果”，再也不可用whether。
宾语从句若否定，whether一词不可用。
由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 引导的宾语从句
主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问代词引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。
He askedwho could answer the question
He asked whose bike was the best in the class
连接副词 where, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句
主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。
Could you tell me when we’ll have a meeting？
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？
语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）即：助动词不能放在主语前面。
When will he go to the library -----His brother asks when he will go to the library .
What did he want to buy？------I don’t know what he wanted to buy .
注：注意：否定前移
若主句谓语动词为think, guess，imagine，suppose,believe等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式；其反意疑问句，疑问从句。
I don't believe you will finish the work today， will you
我认为你今天无法完成工作, 是吗？
时态
主现从任------主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。
I know he lived here ten years ago .
I have heard that he will come tomorrow .
主过从过-------如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）
I knew who lived there.
I saw she was talking with her mother.
客观永现--------从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。
Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.
He told the boy that three and three is six.
He told me the earth moves around the sun.
Mr. Li told me the sun rises in the east.
宾语从句精练
一．用适当的连接词填空
1.Excuse me, can you tell me 　　　　the National Space Station lies
2.—Do you know 　　　　Ann goes to work every day
—Usually by underground.
3.Could you tell me 　　　　we can do by WeChat
4.—I am worried about 　　　　I can get great grades in the final exams.
—Whatever the result is, don’t be too hard on yourself.
5.My grandmother always asks me 　　　　she can use her new iPad.
6.—Excuse me. I wonder 　　　　the plane can land on time.
—Wait a minute, please. Let me check it out.
7.You do not win respect by showing 　　　　you are, but what you’re able to do.
8.—Could you tell me 　　　　you will start your vacation
—In a week.
9.—I wonder 　　　　Jane gets on so well with her classmates.
—Because she always cares much about others.
10.—Excuse me, could you please tell me 　　　　it is from here to the airport
—Sure. It’s about 100 kilometers.
二.根据汉语提示完成句子
1.Tom was not listening carefully, so he failed to hear 　　　　　　　　(老师说的话).
2.Could you tell me　　　　　　　　(你在做什么) at this time yesterday
3.Could you tell me 　　　　　　　　　　　　(这本小说我能借多久)
4.Our geography teacher told us　　　　　　　　　　　　(地球围绕太阳转).
5.They haven’t decided 　　　　　　　　(是否去购物) or not tomorrow.
答案：
一.1.where　2.how　3.what　4.if/whether　5.how
6.if/whether　7.who　8.when　9.why　10.how far
Ⅱ.1.what the teacher said
2.what you were doing
3.how long I can keep this novel
4.the earth goes/travels/moves around the sun
5.whether they will go shopping
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