(共69张PPT)
九年级（下）
Unit 13
We're trying to save the earth!
一、词汇拓展
1.乱扔v.垃圾;废弃物
n. ________
垃圾；废弃物n.(近义词)
___________
顶部；表面n.(反义词) ________
美丽的;美好的adj.(反义词)
__________________
2.底部；最下部n.________
3.丑陋的;难看的adj.________
litter
rubbish
bottom
top
ugly
beautiful
4.花费v.花费;价钱n. ________
(过去式) ________
(过去分词) ________
木制的;木头的adj. __________
科学上的;科学的adj. ____________
科学家n.______________
5.木；木头n. ________
6.科学n. __________
cost
cost
cost
wood
wooden
science
scientific
scientist
7.创造；创建v.________
有创造力的;创造性的adj._______________
创造力;独创性n. ______________
create
creative
creativity
二、词块归纳
1. 参与；在……中起作用 ______________________
2.把……扔进…… ______________________
3.削减；砍倒 ______________________
4.关掉 ______________________
5.……的数目 ______________________
play a part in
throw...into...
cut down
turn off
the number of
6.到目前为止 ______________________
7.参加 ______________________
8.处于危险之中 ______________________
9.切断；中断 ______________________
10.食物链 ______________________
so far
take part in
in danger
cut off
the food chain
11.对……有害 ______________________
12.采取行动 ______________________
13.引起；导致；通向 ______________________
14.付费；付出代价 ______________________
15.在……顶部或顶端 ______________________
be harmful to
take action
lead to
pay for
at the top of
16.对……产生影响或作用 ______________________
17.扔掉；抛弃 ______________________
18.好好利用某物 ______________________
19.用……建造 ______________________
20.拆下；摧毁 ______________________
make a difference to
throw away
put sth. to good use
build ... out of
pull down
21.上下颠倒；倒转 ______________________
22.由……制成 ______________________
23.获奖 ______________________
24.不再 ______________________
25.建立；建起 ______________________
upside down
be made of
win a prize
not...anymore
set up
26.环境保护 ________________________________
27.因……闻名 ______________________
28.恢复；使想起；归还 ______________________
environmental protection
be known for
bring back
三、核心句型
1.我们正在努力拯救地球。
We're __________________ the earth.
2.但是它过去是那么干净！
But it _______________ so clean!
3.……为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或地铁，而不是开车。
…to cut down __________________，we should take the bus or subway instead of _________.
trying to save
used to be
air pollution
driving
4.到目前为止，没有科学研究表明鲨鱼鳍对健康有益，所以为什么吃它们呢？
So far，no scientific studies _____________ that shark fins are good for health，so why eat them
5.你曾经考虑过怎样将这些东西好好利用吗？
Have you ever thought about how these things can actually _______________________
6.如果你有创新思维，(将)没有东西成为废物。
_________ is a waste if you have a __________________.
have shown
be put to good use
Nothing
creative mind
7.门窗来自她的城镇附近被摧毁的老建筑。
The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that __________________________.
8.她开了一家卖包的小店，她还建立了一个网站，在网上卖她的包。
She opened a small shop _______ she sells her bags，and she has also ____________ a website to sell them online.
were pulled down
where
set up
9.现在她做这件事已经很多年了。
She ____________________ this for a few years now.
10.艺术不但可以给他人带来快乐，而且也说明只需要一点创造力，即便是冰冷、坚硬的铁也可产生活力。
_______________ the art bring happiness to others，but it ____________ that even cold，hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.
has been doing
Not only can
also shows
四、重难知识点归纳
Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.甚至河流底部到处都是垃圾。
bottom n.底部；最下部，反义词为top，意为“顶端；顶部”。
常用短语：
at the bottom of意为“在……的底部”。
from the bottom of one's heart意为“从某人心底”。
get to the bottom of 意为“深究；查明真相”。
There are other advantages of bike riding.
骑自行车还有其他的优点。
advantage n.优点；有利条件，是可数名词，它的反义词是disadvantage，意为“缺点；不利条件”。
【拓展延伸】
I have the advantage of swimming.
我在游泳方面有优势。
I have an advantage over him in height.
我在身高方面比他有优势。
It's good for health and it doesn't cost anything! 它有益于健康，而且不花费任何东西！
cost v.花费 n.花费；价钱
在此处作及物动词，意为“花费”，常用于句型“sth. cost(s) sb. some money.”中。
cost还可作名词，意为“花费；价钱”。
Do you know the cost of the book？
你知道这本书的价钱吗？
【易混辨析】cost，take，spend与pay
单词 主语 宾语 常用句型
cost 物 金钱 sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money
take it(形式主语) 时间 It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
spend 人 时间或金钱 sb. spend (s)/spent…on sth./(in) doing sth.
pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s)/paid some money for sth.
It took them three years to build the long bridge.
他们花了三年时间建起了那座长桥。
I spent two hours watching the film last night.
昨晚我花了两个小时看那部电影。
He will pay 3，000 yuan for his summer camp.
他将花3000元参加夏令营。
Well，to cut down air pollution，we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.嗯，为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公交车或地铁，而不是开车。
cut down 意为“减少；把……砍倒”， cut 的过去式和过去分词均为cut。
【同类归纳】
instead of是介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”。
【易混辨析】instead of与instead
instead of 介词短语，后接名词、代词、介词短语或v.-ing形式作宾语，表示不做或未做的事情。
instead 副词，意为“代替；相反”，常位于句首或句末作状语，表示要做或已做的事情。
So together，our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future！因此，我们齐心协力就能带来变化，引领更加美好的未来！
make a difference意为“起作用”。
make a difference to意为“对……有影响；对……起作用”。
Does his absence make a difference to your work？他不来对你的工作会有影响吗？
【拓展延伸】
make no difference没有影响；无关紧要
make all the difference关系重大；大不相同
Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean's ecosystem.鲨鱼处在海洋生态系统食物链的顶端。
at the top of 在……顶部或顶端
【易混辨析】at the top of，on the top of与on top of
at the top of 意为“在……顶部或顶端”，at表示在一个点上。
on the top of 意为“在……的顶上”，on表示在一个面上。
on top of 既可表示具体位置，意为“在……上面；覆盖着”；也可表示抽象意义，意为“驾驭；熟练掌握”。
His name was at the top of the list.他的名字位列榜首。
They plant lots of flowers on the top of the building.他们在楼顶上种了许多花。
Put this box on top of others.
把这个盒子放在其他盒子上面。
I don't feel on top of this problem yet.
我觉得我还没有掌握这个问题。
Have you ever taken part in an environmental project？你曾经参加过环境项目吗？
take part in是固定词组，意为“参加”，part前一般不用冠词，但当 part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要加不定冠词。He is a little shy，so he hardly takes an active part in any school activities.他有点儿害羞，所以他几乎不积极参加学校的任何活动。
【易混辨析】take part in，join，join in与attend
take part in 指参加群众性活动等，并在活动中发挥作用。
join 意为“参加；加入”，指加入某个团体或组织等，并成为其成员之一。
join in 多指参加小规模的活动，如球赛、游戏等，join in sth.意为“参加某事”。
attend 意为“出席；参加”，为正式用语，通常用于参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼等。
If you join the club，you have to follow its rules.
如果你加入这个俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。
He stared at them without joining in the conversation.
他盯着他们看，没有参与交谈。
All these small things can add up and become big things that could improve the environment.所有的这些小事加起来，就变成了能改善环境的大事。
add up 意为“把……加起来”。
【拓展延伸】
She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.她住在英国的一所房子里，房子是她自己用废弃物建造的。
build…out of…是固定短语，意为“用……建造……”，相当于 make…out of…。
They built a boat out of wood.他们用木头建造了一艘船。
【拓展延伸】out of为介词短语，意为“离……一段距离；从……里；离开……；出于”。
A group of boys dashed out of the classroom.
一群男孩子从教室里冲出来。
The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down.窗户和门来自她所在的城镇周围被拆除的旧建筑物。
pull…down意为“拆下；摧毁”，为“动词＋副词”结构的短语，若宾语为代词，需放在pull与down的中间；若宾语为名词，名词既可放在pull与 down的中间，也可放在down的后面。
There is a plan now to pull down the old building so as to widen the road.现在正计划拆除这栋旧大楼以拓宽马路。
Why did the government pull it down？
政府为什么要拆除它？
【拓展延伸】down的相关短语：
五、单元语法点回顾
现在进行时
一
1.构成： am/ is／are＋动词-ing形式
2.定义:表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作。
3.常见的标志词或时间状语有：now，look， listen， these days等，有时也需要根据上下文判断。
4.注意：
1）一些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come， leave等常用现在进行时表示将来。
2）下列动词通常不用于现在进行时:
①表示记忆、理解或决定的动词，如remember, forget, understand, believe, decide等。
②表示感觉、情感、心理活动的动词，如hear, see, smell, taste, notice, seem, like, hate, love, want, 等。
③表示所有或占有的动词，如have，own，belong等。
现在完成时
二
1.构成: have／has＋动词的过去分词
2.定义：
1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already，never，ever，just， before，yet，so far等连用。
2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for＋时间段, since＋时间点，since引导的从句（过去时），since+一段时间＋ago， how long等时间状语连用。
3.注意:
①“have／has been to＋地点名词”表示“曾经去过某地”，强调现在已经回来，不在那里了。
②“have／has gone to＋地点名词”表示“去了某地”，强调还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在目的地。
③“have/has been in/at+地点名词” 表示“待在某地”。
e.g: She has been to Shanghai.她到过上海。（现在不在上海）
She has gone to Shanghai.她去上海了。（现在已在上海或在去的途中）
She has been in Shanghai for 3 days. （待在上海3天了）
被动语态
三
1.基本结构： be＋及物动词的过去分词
2.定义：被动语态表示主语为谓语动词动作的承受者。
3.几种常用时态的被动语态的结构：
一般现在时 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时 was／were＋及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时 will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are+being+ 及物动词的过去分词
现在完成时 have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词
情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+be＋及物动词的过去分词
4.注意事项：
1)主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listen to，let，make，have， see，notice，look at，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。
e.g. Mother often makes me finish my homework.
I am often made to finish my homework.
2)①某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean,last(持久), wear(耐穿) 等可用主动形式表达被动意义。
e.g.This kind of food sells well.
②有些词如want/need后加动名词表示被动语态。
e.g.The car needs washing.=The car needs to be washed.
3)固定句型It is said/thought/reported/believed+ that从句，意为“据说/据认为/据报道/据说”。
used to 用法
四
1.结构：used to＋动词原形；其否定形式为didn't use to do sth.或usedn't to do sth.；一般疑问形式为Used sb. to do sth. 或Did sb. use to do sth. ；附加疑问句式为usedn't sb.或didn't sb.。
2.定义：表示过去存在某种状态或者过去经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示过去存在某种状态。暗含着这种状态或动作目前已不存在的意思。
3.拓展:
1) be／get used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。
2） be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”。
3）be used for doing sth.意为“被用来做某事”。
4）be used as+名词 意为“被当做......来使用”。
一、过单词
Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语意思完成句子。
1.I think it's ___________(残酷的) of them to shoot the animals.
2.With the development of ___________(工业)，it will cause some pollution problems.
cruel
industry
3.The fewer_____________ (塑料的) bags we use，the more beautiful our earth will be.
4.You will be punished if you break the __________(法律).
5.“Strike while the _________ (铁) is hot” is a popular saying.
plastic
law
iron
Ⅱ. 根据句意，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，其中有一词多余。
reuse, wood, afford, science, inspire, creative
1.As you can see, our desks are ___________, not plastic.
2.In today's world, anything is possible with a bit of ______________ and hard work.
3. His father put all his heart into the ____________ research.
4. That player′s success is an ________________ to us all.
5. To cut down waste, you should buy a pair of ___________ chopsticks to take with you when you eat out.
wooden
creativity
scientific
inspiration
reusable
Ⅲ.根据首字母提示填空。
1.Some tourists throw l here and there. This will pollute the environment.
2.There was some juice left in the b of the glass.
3.Reading has many a . For example，it can make you wise.
4.Eating too much chocolate is h to your health.
5.We can protect the environment by r paper.
itter
ottom
dvantages
armful
ecycling
二、过短语
根据句意用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。(有一项多余)
hear of take part in throw away pay for pull down bring... back
1.The dangerous building must ___________________ at once.
2.Anyone who is good at singing can _____________ the activity in our school.
be pulled down
take part in
3. Kevin's pet dog was dead. No one could ___________ it _________ to life.
4.It's not a good habit to ________________ the old clothes. We'd better recycle them.
5.Many people have _____________ shark fin soup. This dish is expensive and popular in southern China.
bring
back
throw away
heard of
三、过句子
根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1.我们每个人都要发挥重要作用,来防止噪声污染。
Every one of us should _________ an important part _____ stopping noise pollution.
2.我们应该好好利用我们的英汉词典。
We should _________ our English-Chinese dictionaries _____ ________ ______.
play
in
put
to good use
3.不仅废纸，而且易拉罐都可以被循环再利用。
_____ ______ waste paper ____ ______ cans can be recycled.
4.喝酒太多对你的健康有害。
Drinking too much ___ ________ _______ your health.
5.成为飞行员是我的梦想，你不知道我为此付出了多少。
To be a pilot is my dream. You don't know how much I've _____ ______ it.
Not only
but also
is harmful to
paid for
四、过交际
补全对话。
Jason Fan is talking with a reporter about creating art with natural materials.
Reporter: What is your job
JF: I'm an environmental artist, and I build human-sized nests. My nests are all over the world.
Reporter: (1) _________
JF: People can have dinner parties in my nests. They can also read and relax in them. Some of my nests even have several rooms, so people can also use my nests as hotel rooms.
C
Reporter: (2) _________
JF: First, I draw a design (设计图样) for the nest. Then I discuss the design with my customer. After the design is finished, I collect wood and work with a team to build it.
Reporter: (3) _________
JF: I use eucalyptus (桉树) wood, which is soft and easy to bend (弯曲) when it is young and freshly cut. But when it is dried, it becomes very hard. So it holds its shape and can support people.
E
A
Reporter: (4) _________
JF: Sometimes I get the wood by cutting young branches from trees. This actually helps keep the trees healthy. Other times, I collect wood from the forest floor.
Reporter: (5) _________
JF: You have to be able to draw and use different artistic media. And you also have to know how to speak to people — your customers and the people who work with you.
Reporter: What is the best part of your job
JF: I get to be creative in a way that doesn't hurt the environment!
D
B
A. What makes your nests strong enough to hold people
B. What skills do you need for your job
C. What can people do in your nests
D. Where do you get your materials
E. How do you make a nest
Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
五、过语法
1. He won't go shopping with his wife if it _______ (rain) tomorrow.
2.The number of the books ______(be) 400.
3. Mr. Brown __________(live) in Beijing since he came to China.
4.The train _____________(leave) for Shanghai in 10 minutes.
5.Mrs. White used to______(be) a reporter. She has retired.
rains
is
has lived
will leave
be
Ⅱ. 单项选择。
1.—Why are you so unhappy
—My bike ______. It′s my favorite and my aunt gave it to me as my thirteenth birthday present.
A.is stealing B.was stolen
C.has stole D.will be stolen
2.—Mr. Huang, it′s late. Why are you still here
—My daughter hasn't come back from school yet. I _____ for her.
A.waited B.am waiting C.was waiting D.have waited
B
B
3.Dick ______Western food, but he has been ______ Chinese food since he moved to China.
A.used to eat; used to eating
B.is used to eat; used to eat
C.is used to eat; used to eating
D.used to eat; used to eat
4.—What are you going to order
—Well, I think I ______ try mapo tofu, but I'm not sure.
A. might B. must C. can't D. shouldn't
A
A
5. My teacher often says that mistakes should ______ in time.
A. correct B. be correcting
C. have corrected D. be corrected
6.—Must we wear our school uniforms tomorrow
—No, you ________. Tomorrow is Saturday.
A.don't have to B.mustn't C.shouldn't D.can't
D
A
7.—Do you know Sunshine Town very well, Mr. Chen？
—Sure. I ____ here since I was born.
A.am living B.lived C.have lived D.live
8.—You look very pretty, if I ______ say so.
—Thanks a lot for saying that.
A.must B.may C.will D.have to
C
B
9.—There aren't any libraries in our town, are there
—No, but it is said that one ________ next year.
A.will be built B.is built
C.will build D.builds
10.—How long ________ your brother ________ this camera
—For two weeks.
A.have; bought B.have; had
C.has; had D.has; bought
A
C
六、过综合
Passage 1
用括号中所给词的适当形式或适当介词或连词填空。
Save the Sharks!
Many have heard 1._______ shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is 2.______________(especial) popular in southern China. But do you realize that you're killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup
of
especially
When people catch sharks, they cut 3.______ their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean. 4.___________ a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. This method is 5.___________ cruel, _________ harmful to the environment. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean's ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
off
Without
not only
but also
Many believe that sharks can never be 6.______________ (danger) because they are the the 7._____________(strong) in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks 8.____________(catch) and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen 9._______ over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
endangered
strongest
are caught
by
Environmental protection groups around the world, such as Wild Aid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So far, no 10.__________(science) studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them Help save the sharks!
scientific
Passage 2
根据短文内容,用方框中所给单词或短语的正确形式填空,使短文完整、正确。（提示：每空不超过三个单词）
Do you often 1._______________ things you don't need anymore Have you ever thought about how these things can 2.__________ be put to good use Nothing is a waste if you have a 3._____________ mind.
throw away
actually
creative
bring back; throw away;usual;actual;create;
pull down; upside down; set up;know;material
You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most 4.___________ woman. She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish. The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were 5.______________. The top of the house is an old boat turned 6._______________. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society. The president said , “ Amy is an inspiration to us all.”
unusual
pulled down
upside down
Amy isn't the only one who is good at recycling. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong uses old clothes that people don't wear anymore to make bags. She has been doing this for a few years now. She opened a small shop where she sells her bags, and she has also 7._______ a website to sell them online. She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags. Her bags are cute and useful. “ I plan to write a book about new ways to use old clothes, ” she said . “ I hope people can read my book and enjoy it ! ”
set up
Wang Tao set up a small business in Shanghai four years ago. He is 8.________ for using iron and other 9. __________ from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Some are large pieces that look like animals or humans, and some are smaller pieces you can put at home. The more popular works can even be seen in art shops around the city. Wang Tao hopes to set up a “metal art ”theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be 10._______________ to life with a little creativity.
known
materials
brought back单元知识点梳理
词汇拓展
1.乱扔v.垃圾；废弃物n. ________垃圾；废弃物n.(近义词)________
2.底部；最下部n.________顶部；表面n.(反义词) ________
3.丑陋的；难看的adj.________美丽的；美好的adj.(对应词) ________
4.花费v.花费；价钱n. ________(过去式) ________(过去分词) ________
5.木；木头n. ________木制的；木头的adj. ________
6.科学n. ________科学上的；科学的adj. ________科学家n.____________
7.创造；创建v.________有创造力的；创造性的adj.________创造力；独创性n. ________
词块归纳
1.参与；在……中起作用 ______________________
2.把……扔进…… ______________________
3.削减；砍倒 ______________________
4.关掉 ______________________
5.……的数目 ______________________
6.到目前为止 ______________________
7.参加 ______________________
8.处于危险之中 ______________________
9.切断；中断 ______________________
10.食物链 ______________________
11.对……有害 ______________________
12.采取行动 ______________________
13.引起；导致；通向 ______________________
14.付费；付出代价 ______________________
15.在……顶部或顶端 ______________________
16.对……产生影响或作用 ______________________
17.扔掉；抛弃 ______________________
18.好好利用某物 ______________________
19.用……建造 ______________________
20.拆下；摧毁 ______________________
21.上下颠倒；倒转 ______________________
22.由……制成 ______________________
23.获奖 ______________________
24.不再 ______________________
25.建立；建起 ______________________
26.环境保护 ______________________
27.因……闻名 ______________________
28.恢复；使想起；归还 ______________________
核心句型
1.我们正在努力拯救地球。
We’re __________________ the earth.
2.但是它过去是那么干净！
But it _______________ so clean!
3.……为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或地铁，而不是开车。
…to cut down _____________，we should take the bus or subway instead of _________.
4.到目前为止，没有科学研究表明鲨鱼鳍对健康有益，所以为什么吃它们呢？
So far,no scientific studies _____________ that shark fins are good for health,so why eat them
5.你曾经考虑过怎样将这些东西好好利用吗？
Have you ever thought about how these things can actually __________________
6.如果你有创新思维，(将)没有东西成为废物。
_________ is a waste if you have a _____________.
7.门窗来自她的城镇附近被摧毁的老建筑。
The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that ____________.
8.她开了一家卖包的小店，她还建立了一个网站，在网上卖她的包。
She opened a small shop _____ she sells her bags,and she has also ____________ a website to sell them online.
9.现在她做这件事已经很多年了。
She ____________ this for a few years now.
10.艺术不但可以给他人带来快乐，而且也说明只需要一点创造力，即便是冰冷、坚硬的铁也可产生活力。
____________ the art bring happiness to others,but it ____________ that even cold,hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.
重难知识点归纳
Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.甚至河流底部到处都是垃圾。
bottom n.底部；最下部，反义词为top，意为“顶端；顶部”。
常用短语：
at the bottom of意为“在……的底部”。
from the bottom of one's heart意为“从某人心底”。
get to the bottom of 意为“深究；查明真相”。
There are other advantages of bike riding.骑自行车还有其他的优点。
advantage n.优点；有利条件，是可数名词，它的反义词是disadvantage，意为“缺点；不利条件”。
【拓展延伸】
I have the advantage of swimming.我在游泳方面有优势。
I have an advantage over him in height.我在身高方面比他有优势。
It's good for health and it doesn't cost anything! 它有益于健康，而且不花费任何东西！
cost v.花费 n.花费；价钱
在此处作及物动词，意为“花费”，常用于句型“sth. cost(s) sb. some money.”中。cost还可作名词，意为“花费；价钱”。
Do you know the cost of the book 你知道这本书的价钱吗？
【易混辨析】cost，take，spend与pay
单词 主语 宾语 常用句型
cost 物 金钱 sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money
take it(形式主语) 时间 It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
spend 人 时间或金钱 sb. spend (s)/spent…on sth./(in) doing sth.
pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s)/paid some money for sth.
It took them three years to build the long bridge.他们花了三年时间建起了那座长桥。
I spent two hours watching the film last night.昨晚我花了两个小时看那部电影。
He will pay 3,000 yuan for his summer camp.他将花3000元参加夏令营。
Well，to cut down air pollution，we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.嗯，为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公交车或地铁，而不是开车。
cut down 意为“减少；把……砍倒”， cut 的过去式和过去分词均为cut。
【同类归纳】
instead of是介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”。
【易混辨析】instead of与instead
instead of 介词短语，后接名词、代词、介词短语或v.-ing形式作宾语，表示不做或未做的事情。
instead 副词，意为“代替；相反”，常位于句首或句末作状语，表示要做或已做的事情。
So together,our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future！因此，我们齐心协力就能带来变化，引领更加美好的未来！
make a difference意为“起作用”。
make a difference to意为“对……有影响；对……起作用”。
Does his absence make a difference to your work 他不来对你的工作会有影响吗？
【拓展延伸】make no difference没有影响；无关紧要
make all the difference关系重大；大不相同
Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean's ecosystem.鲨鱼处在海洋生态系统食物链的顶端。
at the top of 在……顶部或顶端
【易混辨析】at the top of，on the top of与on top of
at the top of 意为“在……顶部或顶端”，at表示在一个点上。
on the top of 意为“在……的顶上”，on表示在一个面上。
on top of 既可表示具体位置，意为“在……上面；覆盖着”；也可表示抽象意义，意为“驾驭；熟练掌握”。
His name was at the top of the list.他的名字位列榜首。
They plant lots of flowers on the top of the building.他们在楼顶上种了许多花。
Put this box on top of others.把这个盒子放在其他盒子上面。
I don't feel on top of this problem yet.我觉得我还没有掌握这个问题。
Have you ever taken part in an environmental project 你曾经参加过环境项目吗？
take part in是固定词组，意为“参加”，part前一般不用冠词，但当 part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要加不定冠词。
He is a little shy，so he hardly takes an active part in any school activities.他有点儿害羞，所以他几乎不积极参加学校的任何活动。
【易混辨析】take part in，join，join in与attend
take part in 指参加群众性活动等，并在活动中发挥作用。
join 意为“参加；加入”，指加入某个团体或组织等，并成为其成员之一。
join in 多指参加小规模的活动，如球赛、游戏等，join in sth.意为“参加某事”。
attend 意为“出席；参加”，为正式用语，通常用于参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼等。
If you join the club,you have to follow its rules.如果你加入这个俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。
He stared at them without joining in the conversation.他盯着他们看，没有参与交谈。
All these small things can add up and become big things that could improve the environment.所有的这些小事加起来，就变成了能改善环境的大事。
add up 意为“把……加起来”。
【拓展延伸】
She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.她住在英国的一所房子里，房子是她自己用废弃物建造的。
build…out of…是固定短语，意为“用……建造……”，相当于 make…out of…。
They built a boat out of wood.他们用木头建造了一艘船。
【拓展延伸】out of为介词短语，意为“离……一段距离；从……里；离开……；出于”。
A group of boys dashed out of the classroom.一群男孩子从教室里冲出来。
The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down.窗户和门来自她所在的城镇周围被拆除的旧建筑物。
pull…down意为“拆下；摧毁”，为“动词＋副词”结构的短语，若宾语为代词，需放在pull与down的中间；若宾语为名词，名词既可放在pull与 down的中间，也可放在down的后面。
There is a plan now to pull down the old building so as to widen the road.现在正计划拆除这栋旧大楼以拓宽马路。
Why did the government pull it down 政府为什么要拆除它？
【拓展延伸】down的相关短语：
单元语法点回顾
1.构成：am/ is/ are＋动词-ing形式
2.定义:表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作。
3.常见的标志词或时间状语有：now，look， listen， these days等，有时也需要根据上下文判断。
4.注意：
1）一些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave等常用现在进行时表示将来。
2）下列动词通常不用于现在进行时:
①表示记忆、理解或决定的动词，如remember, forget, understand, believe, decide等。
②表示感觉、情感、心理活动的动词，如hear, see, smell, taste, notice, seem, like, hate, love, want等。
③表示所有或占有的动词，如have，own，belong等。
1.构成: have／has＋动词的过去分词
2.定义：
1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already，never，ever，just， before，yet，so far等连用。
2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for＋时间段, since＋时间点，since引导的从句（过去时），since+一段时间＋ago， how long等时间状语连用。
3.注意:
①“have／has been to＋地点名词”表示“曾经去过某地”，强调现在已经回来，不在那里了。
②“have／has gone to＋地点名词”表示“去了某地”，强调还没有回来，可能在去的途中，
也可能在目的地。
③“have/has been in/at+地点名词” 表示“待在某地”。
e.g: She has been to Shanghai.她到过上海。（现在不在上海）
She has gone to Shanghai她去上海了。（现在已在上海或在去的途中）
She has been in Shanghai for 3 days.（待在上海3天了）
1.基本结构：be＋及物动词的过去分词
2.定义：被动语态表示主语为谓语动词动作的承受者。
3.几种常用时态的被动语态的结构：
一般现在时 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时 was／were＋及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时 will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词
现在完成时 have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词
情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+be＋及物动词的过去分词
4.注意事项：
1)主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listen to，let，make，have， see，notice，look at，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。
e.g. Mother often makes me finish my homework. I am often made to finish my homework.
2)①某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean,last(持久), wear(耐穿)等, 可用主动形式表达被动意义。 e.g.This kind of food sells well.
②有些词如want/need后加动名词表示被动意义。e.g.The car needs washing.=The car needs to be washed.
3)固定句型It is said/thought/reported/believed+ that从句，意为“据说/据认为/据报道/据说”。
1.结构：used to＋动词原形；其否定形式为didn't use to do sth.或usedn't to do sth.；一般疑问形式为Used sb. to do sth. 或Did sb. use to do sth. ；附加疑问句式为usedn't sb.或didn't sb.。
2.定义：表示过去存在某种状态或者过去经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示过去存在某种状态。暗含着这种状态或动作目前已不存在的意思。
3.拓展:
1) be／get used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。
2） be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”。
3）be used for doing sth.意为“被用来做某事”。
4）be used as+名词 意为“被当做......来使用”。
can/could 表示能力，此时 could为can的过去式 能;会 Tom can speak English. 汤姆会说英语。I couldn’t swim at the age of seven. 7岁时我不会游泳。
表示请求，许可，此时 could不是can的过去式，只是表示更委婉、客气的语气 可以 Can/Could I play basketball for a while 我可以打一会儿篮球吗？You can take this seat. 你可以坐这个位子。
can表示推测，常用于否定句或疑问句中 可能 Jim can’t be at home. 吉姆不可能在家里。How can that be true 那怎么可能是真的呢？
may/might 用于肯定句中，表示允许 可以 You may go home.你可以回家了。He said I might use his bike.他说我可以用他的自行车。
用于疑问句中，表示请求，用might语气更委婉 可以 May I go now 我现在可以走了吗？
表示推测 可能, 也许 She may/might come tomorrow.她可能明天来。
have to /must 表示义务或责任。 have to强调客观需要；而must强调主观看法 必须 Because he had no money, he had to walk home.因为没有钱，他不得不步行回家。You must do it at once. 你必须马上做。
must 表示推测，只用在肯定句中 一定，必须，肯定 You must be tired after the long journey.长途旅行之后，你一定累了。
should 表示劝告、建议、命令等 应该 You should drink lots of water. 你应该喝大量的水。
would 表示请求、意愿；倾向等 愿意，将要 She would have a try. 她愿意试一试。
need 表示需要、需求，多用于否定句或疑问句中 （不）需要，（没）必要 you needn’t finish the work now. 你没必要现在完成工作。
单元知识点过关
过单词
Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语意思完成句子。
1.I think it’s ________(残酷的) of them to shoot the animals.
2.With the development of ________(工业)，it will cause some pollution problems.
3.The fewer _______(塑料的) bags we use，the more beautiful our earth will be.
4.You will be punished if you break the ________(法律).
5.“Strike while the ______(铁) is hot” is a popular saying.
Ⅱ. 根据句意，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，其中有一词多余。
reuse, wood, afford, science, inspire, creative
1.As you can see, our desks are __________, not plastic.
2.In today’s world, anything is possible with a bit of ________ and hard work.
3. His father put all his heart into the research.
4. That player’s success is an to us all.
5. To cut down waste, you should buy a pair of ________ chopsticks to take with you when you eat out.
Ⅲ.根据首字母提示填空。
1.Some tourists throw l here and there. This will pollute the environment.
2.There was some juice left in the b of the glass.
3.Reading has many a . For example，it can make you wise.
4.Eating too much chocolate is h to your health.
5.We can protect the environment by r paper.
过短语
根据句意用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。(有一项多余)
hear of take part in throw away pay for pull down bring... back
1.The dangerous building must _______________ at once.
2.Anyone who is good at singing can _________________ the activity in our school.
3. Kevin’s pet dog was dead. No one could _____ it ______ to life.
4.It’s not a good habit to ______________ the old clothes. We’d better recycle them.
5.Many people have _______________ shark fin soup. This dish is expensive and popular in southern China.
过句子
根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1.我们每个人都要发挥重要作用,来防止噪声污染。
Every one of us should an important part stopping noise pollution.
2.我们应该好好利用我们的英汉词典。
We should our English-Chinese dictionaries _____ _____ ______.
3.不仅废纸，而且易拉罐都可以被循环再利用。
_____ ______ waste paper ____ _____ cans can be recycled.
4.喝酒太多对你的健康有害。
Drinking too much _____ _______ _______ your health.
5.成为飞行员是我的梦想，你不知道我为此付出了多少。
To be a pilot is my dream. You don’t know how much I’ve ______ ______ it.
过交际
补全对话。
Jason Fan is talking with a reporter about creating art with natural materials.
Reporter: What is your job
JF: I’m an environmental artist, and I build human-sized nests. My nests are all over the world.
Reporter: (1) _________
JF: People can have dinner parties in my nests. They can also read and relax in them. Some of my nests even have several rooms, so people can also use my nests as hotel rooms.
Reporter: (2) _________
JF: First, I draw a design (设计图样) for the nest. Then I discuss the design with my customer. After the design is finished, I collect wood and work with a team to build it.
Reporter: (3) _________
JF: I use eucalyptus (桉树) wood, which is soft and easy to bend (弯曲) when it is young and freshly cut. But when it is dried, it becomes very hard. So it holds its shape and can support people.
Reporter: (4) _________
JF: Sometimes I get the wood by cutting young branches from trees. This actually helps keep the trees healthy. Other times, I collect wood from the forest floor.
Reporter: (5) _________
JF: You have to be able to draw and use different artistic media (媒介). And you also have to know how to speak to people — your customers and the people who work with you.
Reporter: What is the best part of your job
JF: I get to be creative in a way that doesn’t hurt the environment!
A. What makes your nests strong enough to hold people
B. What skills do you need for your job
C. What can people do in your nests
D. Where do you get your materials
E. How do you make a nest
过语法
I.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. He won’t go shopping with his wife if it _______ (rain) tomorrow.
2.The number of the books ________(be) 400.
3. Mr. Brown ________(live) in Beijing since he came to China.
4.The train _____________(leave) for Shanghai in 10 minutes.
5.Mrs. White used to _________(be) a reporter. She has retired.
Ⅱ.单项选择。
1.—Why are you so unhappy
—My bike . It’s my favorite and my aunt gave it to me as my thirteenth birthday present.
A.is stealing B.was stolen C.has stolen D.will be stolen
2.—Mr. Huang, it’s late. Why are you still here
—My daughter hasn’t come back from school yet. I for her.
A.waited B.am waiting C.was waiting D.have waited
3.Dick Western food, but he has been Chinese food since he moved to China.
A.used to eat; used to eating B.is used to eat; used to eat
C.is used to eat; used to eating D.used to eat; used to eat
4.—What are you going to order
—Well, I think I ______ try mapo tofu, but I’m not sure.
A. might B. must C. can’t D. shouldn’t
5. My teacher often says that mistakes should ______ in time.
A. correct B. be correcting
C. have corrected D. be corrected
6.—Must we wear our school uniforms tomorrow
—No, you ________. Tomorrow is Saturday.
A.don't have to B.mustn’t C.shouldn't D.can’t
7.—Do you know Sunshine Town very well， Mr. Chen
—Sure. I ____ here since I was born.
A.am living B.lived C.have lived D.live
8.—You look very pretty, if I _____ say so.
—Thanks a lot for saying that.
A.must B.may C.will D.have to
9.—There aren’t any libraries in our town, are there
—No, but it is said that one ______ next year.
A.will be built B.is built C.will build D.builds
10.—How long ______ your brother ______ this camera
—For two weeks.
A.have; bought B.have; had C.has; had D.has; bought
过综合
Passage 1
用括号中所给词的适当形式或适当介词或连词填空。
Save the Sharks!
Many have heard 1.______ shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is 2._______(especial) popular in southern China. But do you realize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup
When people catch sharks, they cut 3.______ their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean.4.______ a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. This method is 5._________ cruel, _________ harmful to the environment. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be 6.________(danger) because they are the the 7.________(strong) in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks 8._______(catch) and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen 9._______ over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So far, no 10._________(science) studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them Help save the sharks!
Passage 2
根据短文内容,用方框中所给单词或短语的正确形式填空,使短文完整、正确。（提示：每空不超过三个单词）
bring back; throw away;usual;actual;create;pull down; upside down; set up;know;material
Rethink , Reuse, Recycle！
Do you often 1._________ things you don’t need anymore Have you ever thought about how these things can 2.________ be put to good use Nothing is a waste if you have a 3._______ mind.
You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most 4._________ woman. She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish. The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were 5._________. The top of the house is an old boat turned 6.________.And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society. The president said , “ Amy is an inspiration to us all.”
Amy isn’t the only one who is good at recycling. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong uses old clothes that people don’ t wear anymore to make bags. She has been doing this for a few years now. She opened a small shop where she sells her bags, and she has also 7._________ a website to sell them online. She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags. Her bags are cute and useful. “ I plan to write a book about new ways to use old clothes, ” she said . “ I hope people can read my book and enjoy it ! ”
Wang Tao set up a small business in Shanghai four years ago. He is 8._______ for using iron and other 9. ________ from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Some are large pieces that look like animals or humans, and some are smaller pieces you can put at home. The more popular works can even be seen in art shops around the city. Wang Tao hopes to set up a “metal art ” theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be 10._____________ to life with a little creativity.
现在进行时
一
二
现在完成时
被动语态
三
四
used to用法
五
情态动词单元知识点梳理
词汇拓展
1.乱扔v.垃圾；废弃物n. litter垃圾；废弃物n.(近义词) rubbish
2.底部；最下部n. bottom顶部；表面n.(反义词) top
3.丑陋的；难看的adj. ugly美丽的；美好的adj.(对应词) beautiful
4.花费v.花费；价钱n. cost(过去式) cost(过去分词) cost
5.木；木头n. wood木制的；木头的adj. wooden
6.科学n. science科学上的；科学的adj. scientific科学家n. scientist
7.创造；创建v. create有创造力的；创造性的adj.creative创造力；独创性n. creativity
词块归纳
1.参与；在……中起作用 play a part in
2.把……扔进…… throw…into…
3.削减；砍倒 cut down
4.关掉 turn off
5.……的数目 the number of
6.到目前为止 so far
7.参加 take part in
8.处于危险之中 in danger
9.切断；中断 cut off
10.食物链 the food chain
11.对……有害 be harmful to
12.采取行动 take action
13.引起；导致；通向 lead to
14.付费；付出代价 pay for
15.在……顶部或顶端 at the top of
16.对……产生影响或作用 make a difference to
17.扔掉；抛弃 throw away
18.好好利用某物 put sth. to good use
19.用……建造 build…out of
20.拆下；摧毁 pull…down
21.上下颠倒；倒转 upside down
22.由……制成 be made of
23.获奖 win a prize
24.不再 not…anymore
25.建立；建起 set up
26.环境保护 environmental protection
27.因……闻名 be known for
28.恢复；使想起；归还 bring back
核心句型
1.我们正在努力拯救地球。
We’re trying to save the earth.
2.但是它过去是那么干净！
But it used to be so clean!
3.……为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或地铁，而不是开车。
…to cut down air pollution,we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
4.到目前为止，没有科学研究表明鲨鱼鳍对健康有益，所以为什么吃它们呢？
So far,no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health,so why eat them
5.你曾经考虑过怎样将这些东西好好利用吗？
Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use
6.如果你有创新思维，(将)没有东西成为废物。
Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind.
7.门窗来自她的城镇附近被摧毁的老建筑。
The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down.
8.她开了一家卖包的小店，她还建立了一个网站，在网上卖她的包。
She opened a small shop where she sells her bags,and she has also set up a website to sell them online.
9.现在她做这件事已经很多年了。
She has been doing this for a few years now.
10.艺术不但可以给他人带来快乐，而且也说明只需要一点创造力，即便是冰冷、坚硬的铁也可产生活力。
Not only can the art bring happiness to others,but it also shows that even cold,hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.
重难知识点归纳
Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.甚至河流底部到处都是垃圾。
bottom n.底部；最下部，反义词为top，意为“顶端；顶部”。
常用短语：
at the bottom of意为“在……的底部”。
from the bottom of one's heart意为“从某人心底”。
get to the bottom of 意为“深究；查明真相”。
There are other advantages of bike riding.骑自行车还有其他的优点。
advantage n.优点；有利条件，是可数名词，它的反义词是disadvantage，意为“缺点；不利条件”。
【拓展延伸】
I have the advantage of swimming.我在游泳方面有优势。
I have an advantage over him in height.我在身高方面比他有优势。
It's good for health and it doesn't cost anything! 它有益于健康，而且不花费任何东西！
cost v.花费 n.花费；价钱
在此处作及物动词，意为“花费”，常用于句型“sth. cost(s) sb. some money.”中。cost还可作名词，意为“花费；价钱”。
Do you know the cost of the book 你知道这本书的价钱吗？
【易混辨析】cost，take，spend与pay
单词 主语 宾语 常用句型
cost 物 金钱 sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money
take it(形式主语) 时间 It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
spend 人 时间或金钱 sb. spend (s)/spent…on sth./(in) doing sth.
pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s)/paid some money for sth.
It took them three years to build the long bridge.他们花了三年时间建起了那座长桥。
I spent two hours watching the film last night.昨晚我花了两个小时看那部电影。
He will pay 3,000 yuan for his summer camp.他将花3000元参加夏令营。
Well，to cut down air pollution，we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.嗯，为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公交车或地铁，而不是开车。
cut down 意为“减少；把……砍倒”， cut 的过去式和过去分词均为cut。
【同类归纳】
instead of是介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”。
【易混辨析】instead of与instead
instead of 介词短语，后接名词、代词、介词短语或v.-ing形式作宾语，表示不做或未做的事情。
instead 副词，意为“代替；相反”，常位于句首或句末作状语，表示要做或已做的事情。
So together,our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future！因此，我们齐心协力就能带来变化，引领更加美好的未来！
make a difference意为“起作用”。
make a difference to意为“对……有影响；对……起作用”。
Does his absence make a difference to your work 他不来对你的工作会有影响吗？
【拓展延伸】make no difference没有影响；无关紧要
make all the difference关系重大；大不相同
Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean's ecosystem.鲨鱼处在海洋生态系统食物链的顶端。
at the top of 在……顶部或顶端
【易混辨析】at the top of，on the top of与on top of
at the top of 意为“在……顶部或顶端”，at表示在一个点上。
on the top of 意为“在……的顶上”，on表示在一个面上。
on top of 既可表示具体位置，意为“在……上面；覆盖着”；也可表示抽象意义，意为“驾驭；熟练掌握”。
His name was at the top of the list.他的名字位列榜首。
They plant lots of flowers on the top of the building.他们在楼顶上种了许多花。
Put this box on top of others.把这个盒子放在其他盒子上面。
I don't feel on top of this problem yet.我觉得我还没有掌握这个问题。
Have you ever taken part in an environmental project 你曾经参加过环境项目吗？
take part in是固定词组，意为“参加”，part前一般不用冠词，但当 part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要加不定冠词。
He is a little shy，so he hardly takes an active part in any school activities.他有点儿害羞，所以他几乎不积极参加学校的任何活动。
【易混辨析】take part in，join，join in与attend
take part in 指参加群众性活动等，并在活动中发挥作用。
join 意为“参加；加入”，指加入某个团体或组织等，并成为其成员之一。
join in 多指参加小规模的活动，如球赛、游戏等，join in sth.意为“参加某事”。
attend 意为“出席；参加”，为正式用语，通常用于参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼等。
If you join the club,you have to follow its rules.如果你加入这个俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。
He stared at them without joining in the conversation.他盯着他们看，没有参与交谈。
All these small things can add up and become big things that could improve the environment.所有的这些小事加起来，就变成了能改善环境的大事。
add up 意为“把……加起来”。
【拓展延伸】
She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.她住在英国的一所房子里，房子是她自己用废弃物建造的。
build…out of…是固定短语，意为“用……建造……”，相当于 make…out of…。
They built a boat out of wood.他们用木头建造了一艘船。
【拓展延伸】out of为介词短语，意为“离……一段距离；从……里；离开……；出于”。
A group of boys dashed out of the classroom.一群男孩子从教室里冲出来。
The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down.窗户和门来自她所在的城镇周围被拆除的旧建筑物。
pull…down意为“拆下；摧毁”，为“动词＋副词”结构的短语，若宾语为代词，需放在pull与down的中间；若宾语为名词，名词既可放在pull与 down的中间，也可放在down的后面。
There is a plan now to pull down the old building so as to widen the road.现在正计划拆除这栋旧大楼以拓宽马路。
Why did the government pull it down 政府为什么要拆除它？
【拓展延伸】down的相关短语：
单元语法点回顾
1.构成：am/ is/ are＋动词-ing形式
2.定义:表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作。
3.常见的标志词或时间状语有：now，look， listen， these days等，有时也需要根据上下文判断。
4.注意：
1）一些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave等常用现在进行时表示将来。
2）下列动词通常不用于现在进行时:
①表示记忆、理解或决定的动词，如remember, forget, understand, believe, decide等。
②表示感觉、情感、心理活动的动词，如hear, see, smell, taste, notice, seem, like, hate, love, want等。
③表示所有或占有的动词，如have，own，belong等。
1.构成: have／has＋动词的过去分词
2.定义：
1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already，never，ever，just， before，yet，so far等连用。
2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for＋时间段, since＋时间点，since引导的从句（过去时），since+一段时间＋ago， how long等时间状语连用。
3.注意:
①“have／has been to＋地点名词”表示“曾经去过某地”，强调现在已经回来，不在那里了。
②“have／has gone to＋地点名词”表示“去了某地”，强调还没有回来，可能在去的途中，
也可能在目的地。
③“have/has been in/at+地点名词” 表示“待在某地”。
e.g: She has been to Shanghai.她到过上海。（现在不在上海）
She has gone to Shanghai她去上海了。（现在已在上海或在去的途中）
She has been in Shanghai for 3 days.（待在上海3天了）
1.基本结构：be＋及物动词的过去分词
2.定义：被动语态表示主语为谓语动词动作的承受者。
3.几种常用时态的被动语态的结构：
一般现在时 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时 was／were＋及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时 will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词
现在完成时 have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词
情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+be＋及物动词的过去分词
4.注意事项：
1)主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listen to，let，make，have， see，notice，look at，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。
e.g. Mother often makes me finish my homework. I am often made to finish my homework.
2)①某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean,last(持久), wear(耐穿)等, 可用主动形式表达被动意义。 e.g.This kind of food sells well.
②有些词如want/need后加动名词表示被动意义。e.g.The car needs washing.=The car needs to be washed.
3)固定句型It is said/thought/reported/believed+ that从句，意为“据说/据认为/据报道/据说”。
1.结构：used to＋动词原形；其否定形式为didn't use to do sth.或usedn't to do sth.；一般疑问形式为Used sb. to do sth. 或Did sb. use to do sth. ；附加疑问句式为usedn't sb.或didn't sb.。
2.定义：表示过去存在某种状态或者过去经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示过去存在某种状态。暗含着这种状态或动作目前已不存在的意思。
3.拓展:
1) be／get used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。
2） be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”。
3）be used for doing sth.意为“被用来做某事”。
4）be used as+名词 意为“被当做......来使用”。
can/could 表示能力，此时 could为can的过去式 能;会 Tom can speak English. 汤姆会说英语。I couldn’t swim at the age of seven. 7岁时我不会游泳。
表示请求，许可，此时 could不是can的过去式，只是表示更委婉、客气的语气 可以 Can/Could I play basketball for a while 我可以打一会儿篮球吗？You can take this seat. 你可以坐这个位子。
can表示推测，常用于否定句或疑问句中 可能 Jim can’t be at home. 吉姆不可能在家里。How can that be true 那怎么可能是真的呢？
may/might 用于肯定句中，表示允许 可以 You may go home.你可以回家了。He said I might use his bike.他说我可以用他的自行车。
用于疑问句中，表示请求，用might语气更委婉 可以 May I go now 我现在可以走了吗？
表示推测 可能, 也许 She may/might come tomorrow.她可能明天来。
have to /must 表示义务或责任。 have to强调客观需要；而must强调主观看法 必须 Because he had no money, he had to walk home.因为没有钱，他不得不步行回家。You must do it at once. 你必须马上做。
must 表示推测，只用在肯定句中 一定，必须，肯定 You must be tired after the long journey.长途旅行之后，你一定累了。
should 表示劝告、建议、命令等 应该 You should drink lots of water. 你应该喝大量的水。
would 表示请求、意愿；倾向等 愿意，将要 She would have a try. 她愿意试一试。
need 表示需要、需求，多用于否定句或疑问句中 （不）需要，（没）必要 you needn’t finish the work now. 你没必要现在完成工作。
单元知识点过关
过单词
Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语意思完成句子。
1.I think it’s ________(残酷的) of them to shoot the animals.
2.With the development of ________(工业)，it will cause some pollution problems.
3.The fewer _______(塑料的) bags we use，the more beautiful our earth will be.
4.You will be punished if you break the ________(法律).
5.“Strike while the ______(铁) is hot” is a popular saying.
1.cruel 2.industry 3. plastic 4.law 5.iron
Ⅱ. 根据句意，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，其中有一词多余。
reuse, wood, afford, science, inspire, creative
1.As you can see, our desks are __________, not plastic.
2.In today’s world, anything is possible with a bit of ________ and hard work.
3. His father put all his heart into the research.
4. That player’s success is an to us all.
5. To cut down waste, you should buy a pair of ________ chopsticks to take with you when you eat out.
1.wooden 2.creativity 3.scientific 4.inspiration 5.reusable
Ⅲ.根据首字母提示填空。
1.Some tourists throw l here and there. This will pollute the environment.
2.There was some juice left in the b of the glass.
3.Reading has many a . For example，it can make you wise.
4.Eating too much chocolate is h to your health.
5.We can protect the environment by r paper.
1.litter 2.bottom 3.advantages 4.harmful 5.recycling
过短语
根据句意用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。(有一项多余)
hear of take part in throw away pay for pull down bring... back
1.The dangerous building must _______________ at once.
2.Anyone who is good at singing can _________________ the activity in our school.
3. Kevin’s pet dog was dead. No one could _____ it ______ to life.
4.It’s not a good habit to ______________ the old clothes. We’d better recycle them.
5.Many people have _______________ shark fin soup. This dish is expensive and popular in southern China.
1.be pulled down 2.take part in 3.bring; back 4.throw away 5. heard of
过句子
根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1.我们每个人都要发挥重要作用,来防止噪声污染。
Every one of us should an important part stopping noise pollution.
2.我们应该好好利用我们的英汉词典。
We should our English-Chinese dictionaries _____ _____ ______.
3.不仅废纸，而且易拉罐都可以被循环再利用。
_____ ______ waste paper ____ _____ cans can be recycled.
4.喝酒太多对你的健康有害。
Drinking too much _____ _______ _______ your health.
5.成为飞行员是我的梦想，你不知道我为此付出了多少。
To be a pilot is my dream. You don’t know how much I’ve ______ ______ it.
1.play; in 2.put; to good use 3. Not only;but also
4.is harmful to 5.paid for
过交际
补全对话。
Jason Fan is talking with a reporter about creating art with natural materials.
Reporter: What is your job
JF: I’m an environmental artist, and I build human-sized nests. My nests are all over the world.
Reporter: (1) _________
JF: People can have dinner parties in my nests. They can also read and relax in them. Some of my nests even have several rooms, so people can also use my nests as hotel rooms.
Reporter: (2) _________
JF: First, I draw a design (设计图样) for the nest. Then I discuss the design with my customer. After the design is finished, I collect wood and work with a team to build it.
Reporter: (3) _________
JF: I use eucalyptus (桉树) wood, which is soft and easy to bend (弯曲) when it is young and freshly cut. But when it is dried, it becomes very hard. So it holds its shape and can support people.
Reporter: (4) _________
JF: Sometimes I get the wood by cutting young branches from trees. This actually helps keep the trees healthy. Other times, I collect wood from the forest floor.
Reporter: (5) _________
JF: You have to be able to draw and use different artistic media (媒介). And you also have to know how to speak to people — your customers and the people who work with you.
Reporter: What is the best part of your job
JF: I get to be creative in a way that doesn’t hurt the environment!
A. What makes your nests strong enough to hold people
B. What skills do you need for your job
C. What can people do in your nests
D. Where do you get your materials
E. How do you make a nest
1-5 C E A D B
过语法
I.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. He won’t go shopping with his wife if it _______ (rain) tomorrow.
2.The number of the books ________(be) 400.
3. Mr. Brown ________(live) in Beijing since he came to China.
4.The train _____________(leave) for Shanghai in 10 minutes.
5.Mrs. White used to _________(be) a reporter. She has retired.
1.rains 2.is 3.has lived 4.will leave 5.be
Ⅱ.单项选择。
1.—Why are you so unhappy
—My bike . It’s my favorite and my aunt gave it to me as my thirteenth birthday present.
A.is stealing B.was stolen C.has stolen D.will be stolen
2.—Mr. Huang, it’s late. Why are you still here
—My daughter hasn’t come back from school yet. I for her.
A.waited B.am waiting C.was waiting D.have waited
3.Dick Western food, but he has been Chinese food since he moved to China.
A.used to eat; used to eating B.is used to eat; used to eat
C.is used to eat; used to eating D.used to eat; used to eat
4.—What are you going to order
—Well, I think I ______ try mapo tofu, but I’m not sure.
A. might B. must C. can’t D. shouldn’t
5. My teacher often says that mistakes should ______ in time.
A. correct B. be correcting
C. have corrected D. be corrected
6.—Must we wear our school uniforms tomorrow
—No, you ________. Tomorrow is Saturday.
A.don't have to B.mustn’t C.shouldn't D.can’t
7.—Do you know Sunshine Town very well， Mr. Chen
—Sure. I ____ here since I was born.
A.am living B.lived C.have lived D.live
8.—You look very pretty, if I _____ say so.
—Thanks a lot for saying that.
A.must B.may C.will D.have to
9.—There aren’t any libraries in our town, are there
—No, but it is said that one ______ next year.
A.will be built B.is built C.will build D.builds
10.—How long ______ your brother ______ this camera
—For two weeks.
A.have; bought B.have; had C.has; had D.has; bought
1-5 B B A A D 6-10 A C B A C
过综合
Passage 1
用括号中所给词的适当形式或适当介词或连词填空。
Save the Sharks!
Many have heard 1.______ shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is 2._______(especial) popular in southern China. But do you realize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup
When people catch sharks, they cut 3.______ their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean.4.______ a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. This method is 5._________ cruel, _________ harmful to the environment. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be 6.________(danger) because they are the the 7.________(strong) in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks 8._______(catch) and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen 9._______ over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So far, no 10._________(science) studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them Help save the sharks!
1. of 2.especially 3. off 4. Without 5.not only;but also
6.endangered 7. strongest 8. are caught 9. by 10. scientific
Passage 2
根据短文内容,用方框中所给单词或短语的正确形式填空,使短文完整、正确。（提示：每空不超过三个单词）
bring back; throw away;usual;actual;create;pull down; upside down; set up;know;material
Rethink , Reuse, Recycle！
Do you often 1._________ things you don’t need anymore Have you ever thought about how these things can 2.________ be put to good use Nothing is a waste if you have a 3._______ mind.
You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most 4._________ woman. She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish. The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were 5._________. The top of the house is an old boat turned 6.________.And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society. The president said , “ Amy is an inspiration to us all.”
Amy isn’t the only one who is good at recycling. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong uses old clothes that people don’ t wear anymore to make bags. She has been doing this for a few years now. She opened a small shop where she sells her bags, and she has also 7._________ a website to sell them online. She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags. Her bags are cute and useful. “ I plan to write a book about new ways to use old clothes, ” she said . “ I hope people can read my book and enjoy it ! ”
Wang Tao set up a small business in Shanghai four years ago. He is 8._______ for using iron and other 9. ________ from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Some are large pieces that look like animals or humans, and some are smaller pieces you can put at home. The more popular works can even be seen in art shops around the city. Wang Tao hopes to set up a “metal art ” theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be 10._____________ to life with a little creativity.
1. throw away 2.actually 3. creative 4. unusual 5.pulled down
6.upside down 7. set up 8. known 9. materials 10. brought back
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