Unit 1 Art Learning about Language
虚拟语气(Ⅰ)
观察上面的对话, 并类比填空。
1. If you were(be) an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint
2. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered(not discover), no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.
3. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be(not be) able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式, 表示说的话不是事实, 或者是不可能发生的情况, 而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
虚拟条件句分为三类: 与现在事实相反的情况; 与过去事实相反的情况; 与将来事实相反的情况。构成方式如下:
假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be动词的过去式常用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形
与过去事实相反 过去完成时(had+过去分词) would/should/might/could+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反 ①一般过去时(be动词的过去式常用were)②should+动词原形③were to+动词原形 would/should/might/could+动词原形
1. 与现在事实相反
*(2018·全国卷Ⅱ) We can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. 我们不要忘记, 如果没有随意的聊天, 就不会有深入的人际关系。
*If she had enough money, she would/might/could buy a computer. 如果她有足够的钱, 她就去买一台电脑。(事实她没有足够的钱)
2. 与过去事实相反
*If the kids had been warned not to swim in the lake, they would have avoided the tragedy.
如果有人警告孩子们不要在湖里游泳, 他们就应该能够避免悲剧。(事实上没有人警告孩子们)
*If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam. 如果你听了我的建议, 你就不会考试不及格。(事实上你根本没听我的)
3. 与将来事实相反
*If I became/were to become/should become a scientist in the future, I would try to find a cure for cancer. 如果将来我能成为一名科学家, 我会尽力找到治疗癌症的药方。
*If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, we wouldn’t go hiking. 如果明天下雨, 我们就不去远足了。
(1)主句中的should只用于第一人称; 从句中的should可用于各种人称。
(2)虚拟条件句中有should, were, had时, 可以把if省略, 并将这三个词提至句首, 从而构成部分倒装。若省略的条件句中谓语动词是否定形式, 否定词 not不提前。
*Should he be free tomorrow(=If he should be free tomorrow), I would talk with him.
如果他明天有空, 我会和他谈话的。
*Had I had time(=If I had had time), I would have walked round that lake then.
如果有时间, 我当时会在湖的周围走走。
(1)语法填空。
①If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen(see) her.
②I don’t have a cellphone. If I had(have) one, it would be(be) convenient for me to get in touch with others.
③If he came/should come/were to come(come) tomorrow, we would be(be) greatly surprised.
(2)句型转换。
①If I were you, I would give it up.
→Were I you, I would give it up.
②If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to call off the picnic.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to call off the picnic.
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1. 用在wish之后的宾语从句中
wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气, 表示不能实现的愿望。
主句 用法 从句谓语动词的形式
主语+wish 表示现在不能实现的愿望 用一般过去时(be通常用were)
表示过去不能实现的愿望 had+过去分词
表示将来不能实现的愿望 would (should/could/might)+动词原形
*I wish I were ten years younger.
我真希望我再年轻10岁。(对现在情况的虚拟)
*He wishes he could become a scientist some day.
他希望将来的某一天能成为科学家。(对将来情况的虚拟)
*How I wish I had seen her off at the station, but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了, 但我太忙了。(对过去情况的虚拟)
语法填空。
(1)I wish I had(have) a little lab of my own.
(2)I wish I could fly(fly)to the moon one day.
(3)I wish that I hadn’t agreed(not agree) to go to Jim’s party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.
2. 用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中
表示“命令、建议、要求”等动词后面的从句中用 “should + 动词原形”构成虚拟语气, 其中 “should” 可以省略。这类动词可以速记为:
一坚持(insist);
二命令(command, order);
三建议(advise, suggest, propose);
四要求(request, require, demand, desire)
*I insisted that we (should) tell this to her.
我坚持要求我们该把这事告诉她。
*(2018·北京高考)Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest that you (should) apply for Peking University.
得知你对中国文化感兴趣, 我建议你申请北京大学。
【知识延伸】
insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况:
(1)insist 表示“坚持要”“一定要”, 从句多指尚未实现的想法, 谓语动词通常用虚拟语气(should+动词原形); 表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”, 从句所指的多为已经发生的事或已存在的状态, 谓语动词用陈述语气。
*The student insisted that he had made a right decision.
那个学生坚持认为自己做了一个正确的决定。
*The boy insisted that he (should) be rewarded with a candy. 那个男孩坚决要求被奖励一块糖。
(2)suggest表示“建议”, 其后接that从句时, 从句动词一般要用虚拟语气; 若表示“暗示”“表明”, 则其后所接that从句动词要用陈述语气。
*His expression suggested that he was worried about my safety. 他的表情表明他担心我的安全。
*He suggested that I (should) give a speech about creation in teaching.
他建议我就教学中的创新作一个演讲。
3. 用在would rather后面的宾语从句中
would rather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气, 表示对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时, 表示对过去的愿望用过去完成时。
*I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being. 我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。
*I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.
我倒希望你昨天已经看过了这场电影。
语法填空。
(1)(2018·江苏高考)The research suggested that they became(become) increasingly anxious online.
(2)My mom suggests that we (should)eat(eat)out for a change this weekend.
(3) Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam (should)be(be) at the age of six months old.
(4)I’d rather you went (go) to Beijing tomorrow.
(5)I’d rather you hadn’t told(not tell) me about it yesterday.
(6)George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he focused(focus) more on its culture.
Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. —Our company will organize a trip to Hong Kong next month. I am taking my mother there.
—I’d rather you didn’t(not do). After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak.
2. —I’m going to San Francisco for a couple of days.
—I really envy you. How I wish I would/could get(get) away for a while.
3. If you had told(tell) me in advance, I would have met him at the airport.
4. Robert wishes that he had studied(study) business instead of history when he was in university.
5. The boy insisted that he had tried(try) his best and (should)be praised(praise).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. In my first P. E. class, the teacher required that we should run laps in turn.
在第一节体育课上, 老师要求我们轮流跑圈。
2. Without your encouragement and valuable advice, I couldn’t have made so much progress in my English learning.
没有你的鼓励和宝贵的建议, 我就不会在英语学习中取得如此大的进步。
3. But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
要不是英语考试, 上个星期天我就去听音乐会了。
根据提示, 利用本单元所学语法知识, 完成下面的小作文。
我听说当地的美术馆要举办一个中国画展。我建议(suggest)我的朋友李平申请成为这次活动的志愿者。李平是个中国画爱好者。她也希望(wish)能向游客介绍中国著名画家的故事。如果她被选中, 我想她会致力于成为一名合格的志愿者。(虚拟语气的倒装形式)
I hear that the local art gallery will host a Chinese painting exhibition, so I suggest that my friend Li Ping apply to be a volunteer for the event.
Li Ping is a big fan of traditional Chinese paintings. She also wishes she could offer visitors explanations on the stories of famous Chinese painters.
Were she chosen, I think she would devote herself to being a qualified volunteer.
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6Unit 1 Art Using Language
Ⅰ. 用本单元恰当的单词补全语境
1. a fine figure of a young woman 一位年轻女士的苗条身材
2. to carve out a figure from the marble 从大理石上雕刻出一个人像
3. have a good visual memory 有良好的视觉记忆
4. a bunch of fresh flowers 一束鲜花
5. a matter of personal preference 纯属个人喜好
6. more than 5, 000 years of civilization 五千多年的文明史
7. no permanent displays 没有永久性的展览
8. to gain a high reputation 获得很高的声誉
Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的词补全短语
1. He presented a bunch of flowers to the honored guest.
2. The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
3. I suggest you appeal to the Supreme Court. You still have the chance to win the case.
4. But lectures, whether online or in the flesh, play only a limited role in education.
5. The problem lies in that the mist may become a thick fog.
6. If I were a teacher, I wouldn’t have a preference just for the high score students.
7. My mother is allergic to many substances, such as flowers, so she can’t touch or even get close to them.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery(宁愿参观这家小的收藏馆) than any other in New York.
2. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house(留下他的房子), furniture and art collection to the American people.
3. When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell(你好像在一个易碎的白色贝壳里面).
4. The museum displays more than(不只是) just the visual delights of art.
框架宏观建构: 整体理解
文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)The passage may probably come from .
A. a newspaper B. a magazine
C. a tourist guide book D. a textbook
(2)If you want to see Van Gogh’s paintings, you may go to .
A. The Frick Collection B. Guggenheim Museum
C. Museum of Modern Art D. Metropolitan Museum of Art
(3)If you want to know how people lived 5, 000 years ago, you should visit .
A. Metropolitan Museum of Art
B. Whitney Museum of American Art
C. Museum of Modern Art
D. Guggenheim Museum
(4)You can expect to see videos in .
A. Metropolitan Museum of Art
B. Museum of Modern Art
C. The Frick Collection
D. Whitney Museum of American Art
(5)This passage is mainly about .
A. art museums in New York and their collections and exhibitions
B. different artists in New York
C. different art works displayed at the same time in New York
D. general introduction to the history of art in New York
答案: (1)～(5)CCADA
2. 根据文章内容完成空格。
Places to visit Items of art works
The Frick Collection Here visitors can see a beautiful home and garden, which were (1)left by Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, who had a (2)preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings.
Guggenheim Museum There are 5, 000 superb (3)modern paintings, sculptures and drawings in this museum, which will appeal (4)to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.
Metropolitan Museum of Art This museum has the reputation of having a variety of art (5)collections, such as ancient ways of living, an Egyptian temple and a fragrant Ming garden, which (6)covers more than 5, 000 years of civilization from many parts of the world.
Museum of Modern Art Many great works of art created by famous artists, such as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse, are (7)housed in this museum. But the admission price here is (8)expensive.
Whitney Museum of American Art The (9)contemporary American painting and sculpture are held in this museum, where there is also a special exhibition of new art by (10)living artists every two years. It also has videos and films by contemporary video artists.
3. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文: 亨利·克莱·弗里克, 纽约的一位富豪, 于1919年去世, 把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。
译文: 你也可以参观一下弗里克漂亮的故居和花园, 它们很值得一看。
译文: 令人惊奇的是, 从19世纪后期到21世纪的如此众多的艺术名品竟被同一家博物馆收藏。
阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。
(1)What preparations do you think you should make for a trip to an art gallery
First of all, we should plan the best tour route. Second, go online to search for background information on the upcoming art work. Finally, prepare a notebook and a pen, as well as the cameras. Of course, in some art galleries where photography is not allowed, follow the rules.
(2)There are many forms of art in our life. Please list what you know and their representative works.
Besides painting, music, dance, movie, opera, sculpture, architecture and literature are forms of art. Take music for example, which includes Beijing Opera Farewell My Concubine(《霸王别姬》), Henan Opera The Red Lantern(《红灯记》), Huang Mei Opera Goddess Marriage(《天仙配》), etc.
2. 根据提示, 运用本单元词汇与句型完成短文。
(1)本周日上午8点到下午5点在我们学校礼堂有一个艺术展。(art exhibition)
(2)如果你有自己喜欢的美术作品, 请在今天下午带给我们。(preference)
(3)我们也呼吁你收集一些原创作品寄到办公室。(appeal to)
(4)如果你的作品或收藏品被采纳, 我们将送你一份小礼物。(adopt)
(5)最后但并非不重要的, 我们的接待处在教学楼前面。(完全倒装)
There will be an art exhibition in our school hall from 8: 00 am to 5: 00 pm this Sunday. If you own art works that you have a preference for, please bring them to us this afternoon. Besides, we are also appealing to you to collect some original items to send to the office. If your works or collections are adopted, a small gift will be given to you. Last but not least, in front of the teaching building is our reception desk.
1. figure n. 画像; 身材; 数字; 人物 v. 计算; 认为
*Chinese typical learning English figure is holding a book to read aloud in the morning.
中国人典型的学习英语的形象是清晨手捧书本大声朗读。
*We can’t figure out why so many people were taken in by such a simple trick.
我们不明白为什么有这么多人上了这种小伎俩的当。
*If you want to keep your figure, please follow me and keep taking exercise every day.
如果你想保持身材, 请跟随我每天坚持锻炼吧。
【语块积累】
figure out 弄清楚; 计算出; 解决
keep one’s figure 保持身材
figure that. . . 认为……
【巧学助记】figure的多层含义
(2021·浙江高考)The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage.
研究表明, 这些动物已经弄明白了如何将它们在训练中学到的关于人脸的知识应用到测试阶段的新面孔上。
(2)If you insist on exercising you are sure to have an attractive figure. 如果你坚持锻炼, 你一定会拥有一个迷人的身材。
(3)To help them better figure out our tea-drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school. 为了帮助他们更好地了解我们的饮茶文化, 我们带他们去了我们学校的茶室。
2. preference n. 喜爱; 偏爱
* As far as I’m concerned, I have a preference for the interesting stories behind some of the Chinese idioms.
就我个人而言, 我更喜欢一些中国成语背后的有趣故事。
*When it comes to fruit, I would usually choose apples in preference to pears. 谈到水果, 我通常愿意选择苹果, 而不是梨。
*In considering people for the job, we give preference to those with some experience. 在考虑这份工作的人选时, 我们优先考虑那些有一定工作经验的人。
【语块积累】
(1)have a preference for 更喜欢……
in preference to 优先于; 而不是
give (a) preference to 给……以优惠; 优待
(2)prefer vt. 更喜欢
prefer sth. /doing. . . to sth. /doing. . .
与……相比, 更喜欢……; 宁愿……, 而不愿……
prefer to do. . . rather than do. . . 宁可做……也不做……
(1)语法填空。
①Rather than sit here waiting, I prefer to go(go) to find out what on earth has happened.
②We have both red and white wine. Do you have a preference(prefer)
(2)同义句转换。
She chose to go with us in preference to staying behind.
①She preferred going with us to staying behind.
(用prefer doing. . . to doing. . . )
②She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.
(用prefer to do. . . rather than do. . . )
3. appeal vi. 有感染力; 呼吁; 求助 vt. 将……上诉
n. 呼吁; 恳求
*What’s more, it is another effective way to appeal to the news media. 另外, 它是吸引新闻媒体的另外一种有效的方法。
*Our school appeals to the students to set aside at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to raise learning efficiency.
为了提高学习效率, 我们学校呼吁学生们每天至少留出一个小时来进行锻炼。
*The police are making an appeal to the public for information about the crime.
警察正在呼吁公众提供关于这宗罪案的信息。
【语块积累】
(1)appeal to sb. 吸引某人
appeal (to sb. ) for sth. 为某事(向某人)呼吁/求助
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事
make an appeal to sb.
(2)appealing adj. 吸引人的
【知识延伸】
英语中有一些单词或短语表示“吸引”, 常见的有:
attract sb. , draw/absorb/arrest/attract one’s attention, appeal to, catch one’s eye, have an attraction for sb. , fascinate sb. 等。
【熟词生义】
Strengthening its attraction and appeal is the important means to reach the aim of education. (n. 感染力)
增强吸引力和感召力, 是达到教育目的的重要手段。
(1)语法填空。
①We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.
②In recent years, our government has been always appealing to everyone to save(save) water.
③We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.
(2)If anything, swimming will appeal to her most strongly.
如果说有什么能强烈地吸引她, 那就是游泳了。
(3)Organizers appealed to the crowd not to panic.
组织者呼吁人群不要惊慌。
4. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克, 纽约的一位富豪, 于1919年去世, 把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。
【句式解构】
句中的leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people为动词-ing短语, 作动词died的结果状语。
*The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.
这条新闻震惊了民众, 引起了(人们)对在校学生安全的担忧。
*Carbon burns in oxygen or air, therefore forming carbon dioxide. 碳在氧气或者空气中燃烧, 因此形成了二氧化碳。
现在分词作结果状语常表示意料之内、情理之中的结果, 而不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
I rushed to the school, only to find it was Sunday.
我急忙朝学校跑去, 结果却发现是星期天。
(1)把下列句子改为现在分词短语作结果状语。
①Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, and make it a happy home for us.
→Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, making it a happy home for us.
②It rained heavily in the south in the summer of 2014, and caused serious flooding in several provinces.
→It rained heavily in the south in the summer of 2014, causing serious flooding in several provinces.
(2) He lost his computer while shopping, giving away all his secret photos.
他在购物时丢了电脑, 结果泄露了所有绝密照片。
5. When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell. 当你走进画廊的时候, 你会觉得你进入了一个易碎的白色贝壳里。
【句式解构】
as if(=as though)在句中引导表语从句; 它也可以引导状语从句。常见用法如下:
类型 表语从句 接在feel, look, seem, sound等动词之后
状语从句 接在常见的实义动词之后
从句 陈述语气 所述真实或极有可能发生
虚拟语气 所述不真实或极少有可能发生
语气时态 与现在事实相反 过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反 过去将来时(would/could/might do)
*And now it looks as if Brazil will become an oil power, too.
而如今看来, 巴西貌似也要成为石油资源大国。
*A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.
船上的一对年轻夫妇吃着东西, 高声地谈笑着, 好像这个世界上只有他们了。
*I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing had happened.
我建议你应该待在这里, 好像什么事也没有发生过一样。
as though/if引导状语从句时, 若主、从句主语一致, 从句谓语中又含有be动词时, 从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略, 从句就变成“as though/if+形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。
Jason paused as if expecting Lanny to speak.
杰森暂停下来, 好像他在期待兰尼讲话。
(1)语法填空。
①Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain(rain). Let’s hurry up.
②The house seemed muted as if it had been deserted(desert).
③She walked here and there on the playground as if looking(look) for something.
(2)It looks as if the water isn’t clean enough to swim here.
看起来这里的水好像不干净, 不宜游泳。
【要点拾遗】
1. specific adj. 确切的; 特定的
*I am writing to tell you something specific about the festival and sincerely invite you to join my family.
我写信告诉你一些关于这个节日的具体的事情, 并真诚地邀请你加入我们家庭的行列。
*To be specific, the art of the early stage is classical, and towards sketch.
确切地说, 早期艺术是古典的, 倾向于素描。
【语块积累】
(1)to be specific 确切地说; 明确地说
be specific to. . . 特有的; 独特的; 只与……有关的
(2)specifically adv. 确切地; 具体地; 特别地
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In order to make sure all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.
为了确保我们都有一个健康的身体, 她为我们制订了专门的(饮食)计划。
(1)语法填空。
What needs to be specifically (specific) noted is that the activity is free of charge.
(2)I wonder if the school could set up specific rules against such behavior.
我想知道学校是否可以针对这种行为设立具体的规定。
(3)The software is specific to the solution of that problem.
该软件专门解决那种问题。
(4)To be specific, you should finish the project by next Friday. 具体来说, 你应该在下周五前完成这个项目。
2. allergic adj. 过敏性的; 过敏的
*If you think you may be allergic to a food or drink, eliminate it from your diet. 如果你觉得你可能对某种食物或饮料过敏, 就将其从日常饮食中除去。
*It is reported that this kind of medicine can cause an allergic reaction. 据报道, 这种药物会引发过敏反应。
【语块积累】
be allergic to. . . 对……过敏的; 对……厌烦的
an allergic reaction 过敏反应
(1)语法填空。
① He said that he was allergic to alcohol.
②Poor quality hair dye will cause an allergic reaction to the skin.
(2)You could see he was allergic to housework.
你可以看出他很讨厌家务。
3. reputation n. 名声; 名誉
*The Three Gorges Dam has an international reputation around the world. 三峡大坝在世界范围内享有国际盛誉。
*It takes twenty years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it.
花二十年建设起来的声誉可以在五分钟之内完全摧毁。
*His bad behavior in public damaged his reputation.
他在公共场所的不良行为毁坏了他的声誉。
【语块积累】
have a good/bad reputation (as/for. . . )
(作为/因为……)有好/坏名声
earn/establish/build a reputation
赢得/确立/树立声誉
damage/ruin sb. ‘s reputation 有损/毁坏某人的名声
live up to one’s reputation 名不虚传, 不负盛名
keep up one’s reputation 维护/保持某人的名誉
(1)语法填空。
①The restaurant enjoys a good reputation in our city.
②The rooster also enjoys a great reputation for its aggressiveness.
(2)Athletes have won a great reputation for our country in the Olympic Games.
运动员们在奥运会上为我们国家赢得了声誉。
(3)He really lives up to his reputation as a “walking dictionary”.
他真是名副其实的“活字典”。
4. It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.
令人惊奇的是, 从19世纪后期到21世纪的如此众多的艺术名品竟被同一家博物馆收藏。
【句式解构】
(1)It be+形容词(possible, strange, natural, important. . . )+that从句
(2)It be+过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported. . . )+that从句
(3)It+不及物动词(seem, appear, occur, happen. . . )+that从句
(4)It be+名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, no wonder. . . )+that从句
*It is important that we should remember success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.
重要的是我们必须铭记, 成功是每天点点滴滴努力的总和, 而且通常要花很多年才能获得。
*It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.
简直难以置信, 尽管卢卡斯先生很富有, 但他依然过着简朴的生活。
*It’s a pity that you can’t come to the party.
你不能来参加这次聚会, 真可惜。
(1)语法填空。
It is suggested(suggest)that we should meet once a week.
(2)It is obvious that without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today.
很明显, 没有整个社会的帮助, 就没有今天的新学校。
(3)It is known that our school intends to cancel our sports class when we are in Grade 3.
大家都知道, 我们学校计划在我们上高三的时候取消我们的体育课。
5. Use the dictionary to help you if necessary.
如果必要就使用词典帮助你。
【句式解构】
(1)该句为主从复合句, 句中if necessary为状语从句的省略, 完整形式为if it is necessary。
(2)状语从句主语与主句主语一致或状语从句主语为it, 且状语从句的谓语部分中有be的某种形式时, 可将从句主语与be的某种形式一起省略。
*I would be ready to discuss further details with you if necessary. 如果必要的话, 我随时可以与你进一步地讨论细节。
*If possible, seek out their company, and spend some quality time with family and friends.
如果可能, 寻求他们的陪伴, 跟家庭和朋友一起, 度过一段黄金时光。
【语块积累】
if only 要是……就好了
if possible 如果可能的话
when/where necessary 必要的时候/地方
What if. . . 要是/倘若……会怎样
(1)If so, all can enjoy the benefits of food delivery services.
如果这样的话, 所有人都可以享受外卖的益处。
(2)If necessary, the patient will have to go to the X-ray room to have pictures of his or her body parts taken.
如果有必要, 病人得去X光室拍身体部位的X光片。
(3)Do you want that cake If not, I’ll have it.
你要那块蛋糕吗 不然我就要了。
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达: 兴趣与爱好
1. I’d prefer a beer if you have one. 如果你有啤酒, 我想喝两杯。
2. I’d like to eat some apples. 我想吃些苹果。
3. I’d really prefer a mountain bike. 有辆山地车该多好呀。
4. What do you do in your spare time 空闲时间你干什么
5. How do you spend your evenings 夜生活你都是怎么过的
6. Lots of people like stamp collecting. 许多人喜欢集邮。
7. I am a Michael Jordan fan. 我是迈克尔·乔丹迷。
8. Does his film appeal to you 他的电影吸引你吗
9. Do you go on picnics 你常去郊游吗
10. I particularly like English literature. 我对英国文学情有独钟。
11. What’s so interesting about football We girls don’t like it.
足球有什么意思 我们女生不喜欢它。
12. She has a particular interest in painting.
她特别爱好绘画。
Ⅱ. 话题情景交流
Jo: What do you do in your free time, Ping
Ping: Well, I 1. like shopping(喜欢购物) and I play badminton at the weekends.
Jo: Badminton
Ping: Yes, I like badminton a lot. What about you, Jo
2. What do you like doing(你喜欢做什么) in your free time
Jo: Me Well, I like going to the cinema and the theatre. And I like reading books and I 3. play the guitar in a band(在乐队里弹吉他).
Ping: Wow! You have a lot of hobbies.
Jo: Well, I 4. like to enjoy my free time(喜欢享受自己的空余时间).
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. People develop a preference for a particular style of learning at an early age and these preferences affect learning.
2. —Well, it was really a coincidence for me to see him last week.
—How nice! I am one of his fans, but I have never seen him in the flesh.
3. The teacher told Gabriel that he had a gift for music and advised him to go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him.
4. As far as I know, the animal is specific to this area.
5. The doctor said that I’m allergic to aspirin.
6. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind.
7. Both of his parents died in the war, leaving(leave)him an orphan.
8. We spent hours driving and another few hours waiting, only to be told(tell) that the plane would be delayed until midnight.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me saying that I was more diligent than clever.
我的英语取得了很大进步, 我的老师表扬了我, 说与其说我聪明倒不如说我勤奋。
2. We should strictly obey traffic rules, stopping at the red light rather than complaining about traffic jams.
我们应严格遵守交通规则, 亮红灯的时候停下来而不是抱怨交通堵塞。
3. More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国建成越来越多的高速公路了, 这使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅游变得更容易。
4. His father was a farmer and he had a preference for outdoor life.
他父亲曾是一位农民, 他更喜欢户外生活。
5. He talks big as if he knew everything.
他夸夸其谈, 好像什么都知道似的。
6. Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women.
体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式, 吸引着男男女女。
Ⅲ. 一词多义
1. more than的多种含义
①She is more than a teacher, but also a good friend in my life. (不仅是)
②She is a kind girl and more than willing to help others. (非常)
③It also benefits those users who have more than one task to perform. (超过)
2. figure 的多种含义
①She does exercise every morning to keep her figure. (体形)
②Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. (人物)
③This is the figure of Lu Xun, painted by him. (画像)
④I figured that he was drunk and shouldn’t be allowed to drive. (认为)
⑤The two sets of figures are not significantly different. (数字)
Ⅳ. 短文改错
The great number of art lovers consider the Frick Collection to be the best art gallery in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, was died in 1919, leaving his house, furnitures and art collection to the American people. At this gallery, you will see excellent collection of pre-twentieth century Western paintings. We will also be able to explore Frick’s beautiful house, that is well worth visiting. Besides, Guggenheim Museum owned 5, 000 modern paintings, sculptures or drawings. Not all art works is displayed at the same time. The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walking down to the bottom.
答案: 1. 第一句的第一个The→A。
2. 第二句的was去掉。
3. 第二句的furnitures→furniture。
4. 第三句的excellent前加an。
5. 第四句的We→You。
6. 第四句的that→which。
7. 第五句的owned→owns。
8. 第五句的or→and。
9. 第六句的is→are。
10. 第七句的walking→walk。
如何写一封建议信
一般而言, 建议信属于半开放性作文。建议信一般采取“三段式”结构, 通常以firstly, secondly, thirdly或to begin with, then, later等依次陈述建议。
(1)首段: 表明写作意图, 陈述事由, 简单介绍自己的观点, 注意语气。
(2)主体段落: 应该首先肯定对方的优点, 然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。
(3)结尾段: 对提出的建议进行总结, 要注意表达方式, 使对方容易接受。
(2020·西安高二检测)
假如你是某中学的学生李华, 请你给校委员会写一封信, 就开办艺术画廊给出自己的建议及理由, 内容包括:
1. 建议开办一个校园艺术画廊, 展示在校学生自己的作品;
2. 画廊可以给学生提供一个展示自我的平台, 开拓学生的视野、传播校园文化。
注意: 1. 词数100个左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
完成句子
1. 我想提一个关于开办校园艺术画廊的建议。
I wish to make a suggestion about starting a school art gallery.
2. 我认为这将吸引我们学校的一些学生。
I think it will appeal to a number of students in our school.
3. 我们学校有许多喜欢绘画的学生。
There are many students who have a preference for painting in our school.
4. 如果你们向喜欢艺术的学生提供这样一个机会, 我相信这个艺术展览一定会很成功。
If you offer such an opportunity to the students who are fond of art, I believe the art exhibition will work out well.
词句升级
5. 用定语从句合并句1和句2
I wish to make a suggestion about starting a school art gallery, which I think will appeal to a number of students in our school.
6. 用虚拟语气改写句4
If you were to offer such an opportunity to the students who are fond of art, I believe the art exhibition would work out well.
Dear Committee members,
I wish to make a suggestion about starting a school art gallery, which I think will appeal to a number of students in our school.
There are many students who have a preference for painting in our school. The school art gallery can provide these students with a very good platform to display their own paintings, and through the art gallery, other students may not only get a chance to admire the artistic achievements and the development of school culture but also can widen their knowledge. If you were to offer such an opportunity to the students who are fond of art, I believe the art exhibition would work out well.
I would be more than happy if my suggestion could be adopted.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
1. 话题词汇
①suggestion/advice 建议
②advice on. . . ……的建议
③ask for 征求
④had better 最好
⑤be of great benefit 有益处
⑥take. . . into consideration 将……考虑在内
2. 话题句式
(1)建议信的开头常用句式
①I am writing to express my views concerning. . .
②You have asked me for my advice on. . . and I will try to make some suggestions.
③Thanks for trusting me. Regarding. . . , I’d like to make some suggestions.
(2)表达建议的常用句式
①I feel that it would be beneficial if. . .
②I would like to suggest that. . .
③I would recommend that. . .
④If I were you, I would. . .
⑤You may consider doing. . .
⑥It would seem to me that you could. . .
⑦As you may agree that. . .
⑧As far as I am concerned. . . /In my opinion. . . /As for me. . .
(3)建议信的结尾常用句式
①I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/recommendations practical/useful/helpful.
②I would be ready to discuss this matter in further details.
③I will be more than happy to see improvements in this matter.
④Should you have any more problems, please feel free to contact me at any time.
⑤I’m willing to discuss this matter with you whenever you need.
PAGE
20Unit 1 Art Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ. 用本单元恰当的单词补全语境
1. sculptures displayed in the gallery 陈列在画廊里的雕塑
2. conventional scientists 因循守旧的科学家
3. a superb opportunity for swimming 一个极好的游泳的机会
4. an absolutely ridiculous decision 一个绝对荒谬的决定
5. a controversial issue 一个颇有争议的问题
6. the customs and faith of a people一个民族的生活习俗和信仰
7. the main aim of painters画家的主要目的
8. a typical picture at this time这个时期的典型的画作
9. adopt a more humanistic attitude to life采取一种更人性化的生活态度
10. predict the winner预测获胜者
11. an evident mistake 一个明显的错误
12. under the shadow在阴影的笼罩下
13. possess a good quality 具有良好的品质
14. attempt to win the first 试图赢得第一
Ⅱ. 根据语境写出黑体部分的汉语意思
1. On the one hand, we should develop our economy; on the other hand we should protect the environment. (另一方面)
2. You can learn a great deal just from watching other players. (大量)
3. By coincidence, my best friend and I ended up working at the same advertising firm. (巧合地)
4. What is known to us is that it’s human’s activity that leads to global warming. (导致)
5. He has made up his mind to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself. (专心于)
6. Stallone wants to break away from his action-hero image. (摆脱)
7. Thompson has expanded his business by opening scores of chain stores across the country in recent years. (许多)
8. David had prepared carefully for the chemistry exam so that he could be sure of passing it at his first attempt. (第一次尝试)
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. But it was evident that(很显然) ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
2. Among the painters(在那些画家中) who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists(是印象派画家), who lived and worked in Paris.
3. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors(第一批在户外写生的画家).
4. At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”(我们所说的“现代艺术”).
根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。
1. -sion常用于动词之后, 构成名词。例如:
possess→possession 所有; 财产 explode→explosion 爆发; 爆炸
discuss→discussion 讨论
persuade→persuasion 说服
2. “by. +n. ” 构成介词短语, 在句中作状语。
by coincidence巧合地 by accident/chance 偶然地
by mistake错误地 by design故意地
框架宏观建构: 整体理解
文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Paintings in the Middle Ages were very realistic.
B. Western art has changed a lot since the 5th century.
C. The Impressionist paintings were painted mainly indoors.
D. Modern art began in the Renaissance.
(2)In the Renaissance, painters .
A. painted religious scenes in a more realistic style
B. focused more on religion than on humans
C. began to paint outdoors
D. returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art
(3)According to the passage, art is influenced less likely by .
A. agriculture B. faith of a people
C. social changes D. the customs
(4)What type of writing is this text
A. An exhibition guide.
B. An art show review.
C. A historical report of western art.
D. An announcement.
答案: (1)～(4)BDAC
2. 根据文章内容完成空格。
Styles of Western art during the Middle Ages Full of (1)religious symbolsCreating a feeling of (2)respect and love for GodIn a more (3)realistic way
Styles of Western art during the Renaissance Adopting a more (4)humanistic attitude to lifeClassical Roman and Greek ideas about artDrawing things in (5)perspectiveColours looking richer and deeper
Styles of Western art of the Impressionism Breaking away from the traditional styleBeing (6)eager to show how light and shadow fell on objectsNot as (7)detailed as the earlier ones
Styles of Western art of Modern Art Abstract, that is, the painter does not (8)attempt to paint objects as we seeConcentrating on certain (9)qualities of the objectUsing colour, line and shapeSo realistic that they look like (10)photographs
3. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文: 但是很明显, 在13世纪时(人们的)思想正经历着变化, 像乔托这样的画家们开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
译文: 一方面, 有些现代艺术是抽象的, 也就是说, 画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来, 而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性, 用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。
译文: 在印象派作品的创建初期, 它们是存在着争议的, 但是如今已被人们接受而成为我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。
阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。
(1)How is the passage organized
The passage is organized in order of time.
(2)In what ways does the development of society affect art
①It changes people’s attitudes towards a certain kind of art.
②It brings more new tech used in art creation.
③It provides the artists with more available resources.
2. 根据提示, 运用本单元词汇与句型完成短文。
从托马斯·爱迪生身上, 我们能学到很多(a great deal)。老师曾预言(predict)他将一事无成。然而, 他的妈妈不相信(have no faith in)那个老师的话, 不久她发现她的孩子拥有(possess)丰富的想象力。然后她尝试(attempt)用各种方法来帮助他实现当科学家的目标(achieve one’s aim)。
From Thomas Edison, we could learn a great deal. His teacher once predicted he would do nothing. However, his mother had no faith in the teacher’s words and soon found her child was possessed of rich imagination. And then she attempted various ways to help him achieve his aim as a scientist.
1. faith n. 信任; 信心; 信念
*The visit to the Exhibition gives us greater faith in Chinese dream, to which our personal dreams are closely related.
这次展览参观活动使我们对与我们个人梦想密切相关的中国梦更有信心。
*I have faith in you; I am sure you will do well.
我相信你, 我确定你会做好的。
*One cannot be too faithful to one’s duty.
对自己的职责无论怎样忠诚也不过分。
【语块积累】
(1)lose faith in. . . 不再信任……,
对……失去信心
have faith in sb. /sth. 对某人/某事有信心
(2)faithful adj. 忠实的
be faithful to sb. /sth. 忠实于某人/某事
Faith can move mountains. [谚]精诚所至, 金石为开。
(比喻只要专心诚意去做, 什么疑难问题都能解决)
(1)语法填空。
①(2018·北京高考)I think the faith that everyone has shown in him has touched him.
②As a faithful(faith)user of your products, I feel confident about the quality of your smartphones.
(2)What I want to know is whether or not you have lost faith in it. 我想知道的是你对这件事是否失去了信心。
2. aim n. 目标; 目的 vi. & vt. 瞄准; (向某方向)努力
*During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.
在中世纪, 画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。
*If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius, they are not correct. 如果父母抱着把孩子培养成天才的目的来抚养孩子, 那他们(的做法)是不对的。
*(2019·北京高考)All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
我们的所有项目都旨在促进贫穷和偏远社区的发展。
*This activity is aimed at improving the students’ abilities of listening and speaking. 这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。
【语块积累】
【巧学助记】“瞄准目标”学aim
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
生活中没有目标就像航海中没有罗盘一样。
(1)语法填空。
①I am here with the aim of doing as well as possible.
②These activities aim to build(build) a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.
(2)句式升级。
I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school and it is aiming to develop our interests and improving our skills.
→I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school, aimed at developing our interests and improving our skills. (非谓语动词短语作状语)
3. typical adj. 典型的; 有代表性的
*Without doubt, Chinese classical music is one of the typical symbols of Chinese culture.
毫无疑问, 中国古典音乐是中国文化的代表符号之一。
*This meal is typical of local cookery, but I’ve never tasted it. 这是当地特色菜, 但我从来没有吃过。
*It is typical of him to do something without an aim.
毫无目的地做某事, 这是他的一贯做法。
【语块积累】
(1)be typical of 是……特有的;
是典型的……
It is typical of sb. to do sth. 某人总是做某事
(2)typically adv. 典型地; 有代表性地; 一向如此
(2021·全国乙卷)After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout.
毕竟, 共享办公区域通常也使用开放式办公室布局。
(1)语法填空。
①Jack is late again. It is typical of him to keep(keep) others waiting.
②Typically(typical), such people are confused easily about times and dates.
(2) It’s about a Chinese romantic story, typical of Chinese culture.
它是一个具有典型中国文化特色的浪漫故事。
4. adopt vt. 采用; 采纳; 收养
*People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. 人们开始较少关注宗教主题, 而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。
*Yet the measures to contain the virus that some countries have adopted are nationalistic, whereas the outbreak is global. 然而, 一些国家采取的控制病毒的措施是民族主义的, 而(疫情)爆发则是全球性的。
*Since the adoption of the new working method, work efficiency has been improved.
自从采用了新的工作方法, 工作效率提高了。
【语块积累】
(1)adopt one’s suggestion/advice 采纳某人的建议
adopt measures 采取措施
adopt sb. as. . . 收养某人为……;
挑选……为……
(2)adoption n. 收养; 采取
(3)adopted adj. 领养的
【巧学助记】巧辨adopt与adapt
The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life.
这对年轻的夫妇没有他们自己的孩子, 他们领养了一个孤儿。几个月过后, 这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。
【熟词生义】
We have adopted Mr Stevens as our candidate at the next election. (vt. 表决通过)
我们表决通过了史蒂文斯先生为我们下届选举的候选人。
(1)语法填空。
①Before I was two, I was adopted(adopt) by an Anglo couple.
②The family have adopted a homeless child as their own.
③Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption(adopt) services for homeless animals.
(2)选词填空(adopt/adapt)。
①After much consideration, I decided to adopt his advice.
②Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
5. possess vt. 拥有; 具有; 支配
*Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. 富人们想拥有自己的画作并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。
*They begin to realize that good health is the most valuable possession a person can have.
他们开始意识到健康是一个人拥有的最宝贵的财富。
*Though dressed poorly, the old man is in possession of a large company.
=Though the old man dresses himself poorly, a large company is in the possession of him.
=Though dressed poorly, the old man takes/has possession of a large company.
尽管穿得很破, 但这个老人拥有一家大公司。
【语块积累】
(1)be possessed of 有; 拥有
possess sb. to do sth. 驱使/支配某人做某事
(2)possession n. 所有; 拥有; (尤作复数)个人财产, 私人物品
get/take/gain/have possession of
拥有; 占有
be in possession of 占有; 拥有; 持有
be in sb. ‘s possession=be in the possession of sb.
为某人所有; 在某人的控制下
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.
所有乘坐TransLink的客户必须在登机前持有有效机票。
in possession of表示主动, 意为“拥有……; 占有……”, 主语通常为表示人的词语; in the possession of 表示被动, 意为“为某人所有”, 主语通常为表示物的词语。
【巧学助记】
(1)语法填空。
①A photo, a book of poems and a gold ring — this was the sum total of his possessions(possess).
②Although he doesn’t have much money, he is possessed(possess) of good health.
(2)一句多译。
直到所有文件都签了字你才能拥有这所房子。
①You can’t possess the house until all the papers have been signed. (possess)
②You can’t take/have/be in possession of the house until all the papers have been signed. (possession)
③The house can’t be in the possession of you until all the papers have been signed. (possession)
6. a great deal大量
*In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.
19世纪后期, 欧洲发生了巨大的变化, 从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。
*There’s a great deal to celebrate in China, especially for the last 40 years.
中国有很多值得庆祝的(成就), 尤其是过去40年间。
*They can not only make a large number of new friends here but also win a great deal of prize money. 他们不仅可以在这里结交大量的新朋友, 还会赢得大量的奖金。
a great deal用法盘点
(1)a great/good deal (副词短语)可用于形容词、副词比较级前加强程度, 也可用来修饰动词作状语。
(2)a great deal (名词短语)意为“大量; 许多”, 作主语、宾语。
(3)a great/good deal of 大量的; 许多, 只能修饰不可数名词。
【知识延伸】
(1)语法填空。
①He has matured a great deal over the past year.
②There is a great deal of sense in what you say.
(2)I think he sang a great deal better than I.
我认为他唱得比我好多了。
【补偿训练】 语法填空。
(1)Many a famous pop star has been ruined(ruin) by drugs in the past few years.
(2)Large amounts of money are spent(spend) on advertisements every year.
(3)Large quantities of water have been piped(pipe) to the dry area since last year.
7. attempt n. 努力; 尝试; 企图 vt. 尝试; 企图
*On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes. 一方面, 有些现代艺术是抽象的, 也就是说, 画家并不打算把我们用眼睛所看到的东西如实地画出来。
*The boys made an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.
男孩们想去野营但被他们的父母拦住了。
*Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt. 第一次就能回答这个问题的人并不多。
【语块积累】
(1)attempt to do sth. 努力做某事; 企图做某事
(2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.
试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事; 希望做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj. (犯罪等)未遂的; 企图的
(2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. 一天下午, 她试图上床睡觉时昏倒了, 最后被证实是心脏病发作。
(1)语法填空。
①Dale took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts(attempt) finally made it.
②He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his driving test at the first attempt.
③(2020·江苏高考 )When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find(find)a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.
(2)Our school will adopt a series of measures in an attempt to encourage the students to do some reading.
我们学校将采取一系列措施试图鼓励学生们阅读。
8. predict vt. 预言; 预告; 预测
*Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future 谁能够预言将来绘画艺术风格会是什么样子呢
*It is predicted that the situation will last at least a month.
据预测这种形势最起码会持续一个月。
*We are not yet able to make a prediction about when the next earthquake will happen.
我们还无法预计下次地震什么时候发生。
【语块积累】
(1)It is predicted that. . . 据预测……
(2)prediction n. 预测; 预料
make a prediction 预测; 预料
(1)语法填空。
①It is predicted (predict) that the number of 5G base stations will be 1. 1-1. 5 times of 4G base stations.
②Recently, some experts have predicted (predict) that the film market is bound to reach the top in the near future.
(2) The scientists predicted the amount of plastic would rise 40 percent by 2025.
译: 科学家预测到2025年塑料的数量将会上升40%。
9. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。
【句式解构】
(1)本句为介词短语位于句首时引起的完全倒装句式, 正常语序: The Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris, were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.
(2)out, in, into, down, up, away, here, now, then, there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首, 且主语是名词时, 句子用完全倒装。
*Into the dark apartment walked David, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy Birthday”. 大卫走进了黑暗的公寓, 当大家喊“生日快乐”时, 他感到很惊讶。
*For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.
有一段时间什么也没发生, 然后传来了众人的齐声叫喊。
若主语是代词, 则不用倒装。例如:
Out he rushed on hearing the noise.
一听到声音他就冲出去了。
【知识延伸】
(1)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时, 句子也构成完全倒装, 即“形容词/分词+系动词+主语”结构。
*Present at the evening party was our favorable English teacher. 出席晚会的有我们喜欢的英语老师。
(2)代词such置于句首, 且在句中作表语时, 句子用完全倒装。
*Such is our lively city, which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience. 这就是我们这座充满活力的城市, 只要您方便, 欢迎随时来参观。
(1)把下列句子改为倒装句。
①A sad mother is near the window.
→Near the window is a sad mother.
②Different kinds of flowers are growing around the garden.
→Growing around the garden are different kinds of flowers.
(2)On the top of the hill stands an old temple.
山顶上有一座古老的庙宇。
10. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. 印象派画家是第一批在室外绘画的画家。
【句式解构】
(1)该句为简单句, 句中to work outdoors作定语修饰the first painters。
(2)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级, next, only, last等限定时, 常用不定式作后置定语。
(3)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词, 常见的有: ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。
*Most importantly, the elderly are usually the first to taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China. 最重要的是, 通常是老年人首先品尝到上桌的食物, 因为他们在中国很受尊重。
*It’s said that she has the ability to do the challenging work well. 据说她有能力做好这一项具有挑战性的工作。
(1)语法填空。
①—The last one to arrive(arrive) pays the meal.
—Agreed!
②My mother is a teacher, who was the first to be admitted(admit) to college in her village.
(2)But Wang Hui, the last to run, fell down suddenly when he attempted to take the stick from another boy.
但是, 最后一个跑的王辉在准备从另一个男孩那里接过接力棒的时候摔倒了。
【要点拾遗】
1. evident adj. 明显的; 明白的
*The growing interest in history is clearly evident in the number of people visiting museums and country houses. 从参观博物馆和乡村宅邸的人数明显看出人们对历史越来越感兴趣。
*It was evident that someone had gone through my possessions. 显然有人翻过我的物品。
*It was evident that the policy was a great success.
→Evidently, the policy was a great success.
显然这项政策是很成功的。
*I’d prefer to reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence. 在找到所有的证据之前, 我宁愿保留我的意见。
【语块积累】
(1)It is evident that. . . 显然……(=evidently)
(2)evidence n. 证据; 根据
evidently adv. 明显地; 显然
evidence作“证据”讲为不可数名词, 后常跟that引导的同位语从句。
(1)语法填空。
①It is evident that he is not equal to the job.
②There is evidence that growing a roof or wall garden can lower a building’s energy costs.
(2)It is evident that mobile payment makes shopping a great deal easier now. 很明显现在手机支付使购物大为简单。
(3)单句改错
There is strong evident of a link between exercise and a healthy heart. (evident 改为evidence)
2. by coincidence 巧合地
*By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. 巧合的是, 这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展, 它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。
*(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I still can’t believe what a coincidence it was. I’m just so glad I was there in time to help my son. 我仍然难以相信这是多么巧合啊。我很高兴能够及时帮助我的儿子。
【语块积累】
It is/was a coincidence that. . . 巧合的是……
What a coincidence! 真巧!
in coincidence with 与……一致
“碰巧”集锦
英语中常见表达“碰巧”的有: by coincidence; by accident; by chance; happen to do等。
(1)By coincidence, I met the person we’d been discussing the next day. 真是巧了, 我第二天就遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。
(2)What a coincidence! I wasn’t expecting to see you here.
真巧! 我没料到会在这里见到你。
(3)单句改错。
It was coincidence that he was born on his mother’s birthday. (在coincidence前加a)
3. on the other hand(可是)另一方面
*On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. 另一方面, 有些现代派的绘画作品却是那么写实, 看上去就像一张张照片。
*On the one hand, I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents, and on the other hand, I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.
一方面, 我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母, 另一方面, 我能从中获得一些经验, 这会对我将来的生活有益。
【语块积累】
(1)on the one hand. . . , on the other hand. . .
一方面……, 另一方面……
(2)first(ly). . . ; second(ly). . .
第一……; 第二……
(3)for one thing. . . ; for another. . .
一则……; 二则……
【易混辨析】
on the one hand. . . , on the other hand. . . 用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面
for one thing. . . ; for another. . . 表示一致的两个方面, 常用来陈述理由
(1)On the one hand, children need organized activities. On the other hand, they also need time and freedom to relax.
一方面, 孩子们需要有组织的活动, 另一方面也需要时间和自由来放松自己。
(2)I’m not going to buy it; for one thing I don’t like the color, and for another it’s far too expensive.
我不想买这件东西; 一是我不喜欢这颜色, 二是它太贵了。
1. If you’re trying to figure out how the artist and his gallery settled on the price of $120, 000 for Comedian, they apparently tried to strike a balance between an amount that would have been considered insignificant, and one that people would think of as outlandish. And they succeeded. 如果你想弄清楚这位艺术家及其画廊为何将《喜剧演员》的价格标为12万美元, 他们显然试图在一个被人们视为微不足道的金额与被人们视为过于离奇的金额之间取得平衡, 并且成功了。
2. Spending on luxury products has rebounded in China after the slow start due to COVID-19 lockdowns, with more Chinese consumers preferring to make the purchases at domestic outlets due to travel restrictions. 由于新冠肺炎疫情的封锁, 中国的奢侈品支出在缓慢启动后出现反弹, 由于旅行限制, 更多的中国消费者更愿意在国内门店购买。
3. Rap is no stranger to negative stereotypes, but this entertainment medium, much like all artistic attempts, is at its core a means of human expression.
对于说唱的负面刻板印象并不少见, 但如同所有艺术尝试一样, 这种娱乐媒介归根结底都是一种人类的表达形式。
4. China’s nuclear power plant construction in the coming years is expected to advance steadily and the government is aiming to reduce coal consumption to curb pollution. 中国的核电站建设在未来几年有望稳步推进, 政府的目标是减少煤炭消耗以遏制污染。
5. What’s unique about The Father, is that it shows dementia from the perspective of the person who has it. Anthony Hopkins stars as an 80-something man who is content to live alone in his London flat, but who thinks that the people and possessions around him keep changing.
《父亲》的独特之处在于, 该片是从痴呆症患者的视角来描述这种疾病。安东尼·霍普金斯饰演一位八十多岁的老人, 他满足于独自一人在伦敦的公寓里生活, 但是他认为自己身边的人和他拥有的东西总是不停地变化。
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. Last weekend, we visited the city gallery(画廊). Some masterpieces were on show. I was attracted(吸引) by some sculptures(雕像), which are abstract(抽象的) and show the artists’ superb(杰出的) skills.
2. Once you set your goal, you should have faith(信心) in yourself. In the meanwhile, you should adopt(采取) effective measures to achieve your aim(目标).
3. He once predicted(预测) that there would be an earthquake, which is really ridiculous(荒谬的). It is evident(明显的) that no one can possess(拥有) such a kind of magic power. Maybe there is a coincidence(巧合), but we should base our judgment on scientific analysis.
4. It is typical(典型的) of him to be conventional(因循守旧) in his factory. He never attempts(尝试) to try some new techniques(技术).
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1. The activity aims to get (get)kids to form a good habit of learning.
2. Having been cheated by that company, he lost all his possessions(possess).
3. I’ll attempt to answer(answer) all the questions you’ve asked.
4. This pattern of woods and fields is typical of the English landscape.
5. Jo’s father had her adopted(adopt) because he couldn’t look after her himself.
6. Don’t blame her before the truth is evident (evidence).
7. Jerry was the third person to receive(receive)the letter.
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Near the playground is the newly-built stadium in our school.
9. It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
10. A great deal has been finished(finish), but there is still some work to be done.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. It is evident that he wants to make a cat’s paw of you.
很明显, 他想要利用你。
2. I notice that in front of the stadium stand/are standing many students holding flowers waiting for the arrival of the honored guests. 我注意到, 体育馆门前站着很多手拿鲜花的学生, 他们在等待贵宾的到来。
3. My son told me gladly that he was the third person to finish his homework and the only one to get full marks in his class.
我儿子高兴地对我说他是他们班第三个完成作业并且是唯一一个得满分的人。
4. Nowadays it is typical of a young generation to take it for granted that parents should meet whatever they desire.
当今, 年轻一代理所当然地认为父母应该满足他们的一切欲望, 这是他们的典型特征。
5. The match’s aim was to let more people know the bad environmental conditions we are facing. 比赛的目的是让更多的人知道我们所面临的糟糕的环境状况。
6. The network is like a double-edged sword, which activates the teenagers on the one hand, and puzzles them on the other hand.
网络是一把双刃剑, 一方面它激活了青少年, 另一方面又困扰着青少年。
7. The expert advised the boy to adopt an effective way of learning vocabulary.
专家建议这个男孩应该采取一种有效的方式来学习词汇。
8. The environment is getting worse and worse; that is because we humans go against nature. 环境正在变得越来越恶劣, 那是因为我们人类违反了自然规律。
Ⅳ. 课文语法填空
Art 1. is influenced (influence) by the customs and faith of a people. During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent 2. religious(religion) themes. Artists were interested in 3. creating(create) a feeling of respect and love for God. During the Renaissance, people focused 4. more (much) on humans and less on religion. Artists tried to paint people and nature 5. as they really were. Masaccio used perspective in his paintings 6. which/that made people 7. convinced (convince) that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. The Impressionists were the first painters 8. to work(work) outdoors. They had to paint quickly and their paintings were not as detailed as 9. those of earlier painters. Today people accept the Impressionists’ paintings as the beginning of modern art. Some paintings of modern art are abstract while some are realistic. No one can predict 10. what painting styles there will be in the future.
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21Unit 1 Art
【导语】Starry Starry Night译为“繁星点点”, 是美国著名民谣歌手 Don Mclean为纪念荷兰的伟大画家梵高而作。它描绘了梵高的著名作品《星月夜(The Starry Night)》, 其歌词发人深省。
注: 听音填空
Starry Starry Night
Starry starry night
Paint your palette blue and grey
Look out on a summer’s day
With eyes that know the darkness ①in my soul
Shadows on the hills
Sketch the trees and daffodils
Catch the breeze and the winter chills
In colors on the snowy linen land
Now I understand what you tried to say to me
And how you suffered for your sanity
And ②how you tried to set them free
They would not listen
They did not know how
Perhaps they’ll listen now
Starry starry night
Flaming flowers that brightly blaze
Swirling clouds in violet haze
Reflect in Vincent’s eyes of china blue
Colors changing hue, morning fields of amber grain
Weathered faces lined in pain
Are soothed beneath the artist’s loving hand
Now I understand what you tried to say to me
And how you suffered for your sanity
And how you tried to set them free
如何判断说话者的观点与态度
听力答案往往存于说话者的语气中, 存于其流露的情感中。根据对话的情景、关键词、上下文、语气等, 才能判断并领会说话人的情感、观点以及态度。
常见设问方式:
How does the man/woman feel about something
How does the man/woman like. . .
What does the man/woman think of. . .
What is the man’s/woman’s opinion/idea
【即时训练】听音频回答问题, 并辨别对话者的观点与态度。
1. What are the speakers most probably doing
A. Booking a hotel.
B. Writing a hotel review.
C. Reading a brochure of a hotel.
2. What does the man like most
A. Open fires. B. Afternoon tea.
C. The bedroom.
3. What do the speakers decide to do
A. Send a letter.
B. Ask for a price list.
C. Bargain over the price.
答案: 1～3. CBB
【听力原文】
W: Windamere Hotel. I like this one.
M: Oh, yeah, what’s it like, then
W: Er, it says here, “The prettiest and most popular place to stay in Darjeeling. ”
M: That sounds good.
W: Oh, listen to this, um, “Open fires lit each night; afternoon tea served in the garden. ” I rather fancy open fires in the bedroom.
M: And I’m most interested in the afternoon tea. What are the rooms like
W: It says here, “Bedrooms are basically equipped with. . . ”
M: I wonder what they mean by “basically equipped”. And how much does it cost
W: It doesn’t say. You have to send away for a price list, I suppose.
M: Maybe we should e-mail them and find out prices.
W: Yeah, let’s do that.
译文:
《繁星点点》
繁星点点
调色板上只有蓝与灰
望向夏日的天空
你的双眸能看透我内心的黑暗
山上的阴影
勾勒出树和水仙的轮廓
用雪地斑驳的色彩捕捉微风和冬日的寒冷
现在我明白了你想对我说些什么了
你清醒的时候承受了多大的痛苦
你努力想让他们得到解脱
他们却不予理会
他们也不知道如何面对
也许现在他们会知道
繁星点点
艳丽的花朵燃烧般地怒放
云朵在紫色的雾霭之中旋绕
都倒映在文森特蓝色的瞳孔之中
色彩变化万千, 清晨琥珀色的田野
饱经风霜的脸上写着痛苦
在艺术家灵性的手上得到真实的再现
现在我明白了你想对我说些什么了
你清醒的时候承受了多大的痛苦
你努力想让他们得到解脱
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