Unit 4 Global warming
Learning about Language
it的用法(Ⅱ)
观察上面对话, 对下面句子的黑体部分进行强调。
1. Human activity has caused this global warming.
→It is human activity that has caused this global warming.
2. Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.
→It is in the atmosphere that greenhouse gases continue to build up.
强调句型主要是为了对一定语境下句子的某些成分进行突出、强调而采用的一种修辞手法。英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成分进行强调。
一、强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分
*In China, it is the elderly that/who are usually the first to taste the food served on the table.
在中国, 第一个品尝端上餐桌的食物的是老人。(强调主语)
*It was the scholar that/who I met yesterday.
我昨天遇见的是这位学者。(强调宾语)
*It was in Beijing that he lived ten years ago.
他十年前是住在北京的。(强调地点状语)
*It was because she was afraid of darkness that she never went out alone at night.
她是因为怕黑才晚上从不一个人出门。(强调原因状语从句)
(1)强调句型中it没有任何意义, 只起引导作用, 但不能用this、that等词替代。
(2)强调句型只能用来强调句子的主语、宾语和状语, 但不能强调谓语。
(3)当被强调部分是表示人的名词或代词时可用who代替that, 否则只能用that。
(1) That was because he was ill that he was absent from school yesterday. (第一个That→It)
(2) It was on a lonely island where he was saved last week. (where→that)
(3) It was at 10 o’clock when he got home last night.
(when→that或去掉at)
(4) It was a wallet which I picked up on the ground on my way home. (which→that)
二、强调句型动词的时态及数
强调句型的时态取决于原句的时态: 若原句动词的时态是过去时间范畴的时态, 则it后用was; 若原句动词的时态是现在或将来时间范畴的时态, 则it后用is。
*I hate jazz most.
→It is jazz that I hate most.
我最不喜欢的就是爵士乐。
*I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible with your generous help.
→It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.
在您的慷慨帮助下, 我坚信我会尽快适应大学生活。
*Tom had to face the consequences of his actions.
→It was Tom who had to face the consequences of his actions.
不得不面对自己的行为所带来的后果的是汤姆。
无论被强调部分是单数还是复数, be动词只能用单数形式is或 was。
用is或者was填空。
(1)It is in America that Li Lei’s father will work.
(2)It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.
(3)It was at this school that I studied a few years ago.
(4)It was by the end of last week that we had finished the whole unit.
三、强调句型的疑问句式
(1)一般疑问句: Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分
(2)特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ is/was+it+that/who + 其他成分
*Is it because he is ill that he can’t come
是因为生病他才不能来吗
*Was it at midnight that a fire broke out
是在午夜时分发生了那场大火吗
*When was it that you quit the permanent job
你究竟是什么时候辞掉固定工作的
*Why is it that he can’t come 他为什么不能来
若强调句型的特殊疑问句位于宾语从句的位置, 则要用陈述语序。
(1)Is it from Jin Yong’s books that we can see how a hero grows up
是从金庸的书中我们可以看到一个英雄是如何成长的吗
(2)Is it the people who obey the traffic rules that matter in reducing traffic accidents.
在减少交通事故上, 是遵守交通规则的人们起紧要作用吗
(3)Was it because of the heavy snow in Europe that the flight had to be put off
是因为欧洲下大雪, 航班才不得不推迟吗
(4)What was it that made his parents so happy
是什么使他的父母如此高兴
(5)Why was it that you didn’t come yesterday
你为什么昨天没有来
(6)I don’t know where it was that he put the book.
我不知道他把书到底放在哪里了。
四、not. . . until. . . 的强调句型
对“not. . . until. . . ”结构进行强调, 要用“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”这一固定结构。
*He didn’t realize the importance of learning English well until he went to America as an exchange student.
→It was not until he went to America as an exchange student that he realized the importance of learning English well.
直到作为交流生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。
*We were not able to go to Canada until last year.
→It was not until last year that we were able to go to Canada.
直到去年我们才得以去加拿大。
在“It is/was not until . . . that . . . ”句型中, 由于否定词已经前移, that后应用肯定形式。另外该句型中until不能换为till。
用强调句型改写下面的句子。
(1)He didn’t realize he had spent the whole day on the Internet until 8 o’clock.
→It was not until 8 o’clock that he realized he had spent the whole day on the Internet.
(2)He didn’t realize the importance of time until my son had entered the university.
→It was not until my son had entered the university that he realized the importance of time.
五、强调句型的注意事项
1. 强调句型的主谓一致
在强调句型中, 若强调原句中的主语, that/who后谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数保持一致。
*It is only I who am willing to work like that.
愿意那样工作的只有我。
*It is his friends who have paid off all the debts for him.
是他的朋友们帮他还清了所有的债务。
2. 易与强调句型混淆的几个句型
①It be+时间点+when从句, 表示“某个时间发生了某事”。
*It was 9 o’clock when we arrived at the destination.
我们到达目的地时已经9点了。
②It+would be/will be+时间段+before从句, 表示“还有多久某事会发生”。
*It will be two years before we can see each other again.
要过两年我们才能再见面。
③It+was+时间段+before从句, 表示“过了多久某事才发生”。
*It was three years before we met again.
过了三年我们才又一次见面。
④It be+时间段+since从句, 表示“从某事发生以来有多久了”。
*It is two years since I joined the army.
我参军已经两年了。
⑤It/This/That/There was a time when. . . “曾经一度(那时)……”, when引导定语从句。
*There was a time when I lacked confidence, which made my parents very worried.
我曾经一度缺乏自信心, 这让父母很担心。
⑥It be +adj. /n. /v. -ed + that + 陈述句
在这个句型中, it是形式主语, that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
*It is important that college students master a foreign language. 大学生掌握一门外语是很重要的。
*It is a shame that students leave the water running without turning off the tap after washing.
洗漱完毕后学生没关水龙头而让水流个不停是可耻的。
*It is requested that the work (should) be finished at once.
有人要求立即完成这项工作。
⑦强调谓语时, 借助于“do/does/did+动词原形”
*We study as a group and all of us do enjoy ourselves.
我们以小组为单位学习, 而且大家确实非常开心。
*I do sincerely hope you take part in the speech contest.
我的确真诚地希望你参加这次演讲比赛。
【巧学助记】强调结构记忆口诀
it强调并不难, that总是在中间。
除了谓语不用管, 主宾表状都提前。
否定转移必考题, 否定强调难为你。
疑问强调莫忽视, 高考场上要牢记。
【知识延伸】强调句型的特殊情况
(1)强调句型与定语从句结合
有时强调句型的被强调部分后跟有定语从句, 这时要正确理解句子结构, 分清各自的引导词。
It was in the school where they had their schooling that they had a get-together again twenty years later.
在他们曾经接受教育的学校里, 他们20年后又聚在了一起。(where引导定语从句, that引导强调句型)
(2)强调句型的省略形式
为了表达的需要, 在上下文中, 强调句型的某个部分会省略掉, 为了正确理解句子意思, 我们可以将省略的部分补充完整。
—Who is making so much noise in the garden
—It is the children (who/that are making so much noise in the garden).
选词填空(before/when/since/that)。
(1)It was seven o’clock when we reached the mountain village.
(2)It will be a long time before he comes back.
(3)It was 4 years ago that I graduated from college.
(4)It is 10 years since he came to live here.
Ⅰ. 单句改错
1. That was Tom that I met on the street yesterday. (第一个That→It)
2. How was that he managed to get the information (在was后加it)
3. It is you, not Mike, that is in charge of the company. (第二个is→are)
4. It was a set of keys which I found on the playground. (which→that)
5. It was on July 1, 1921 when the Chinese Communist Party was founded. (when→that)
Ⅱ. 用强调句改写黑体部分
1. His father helped him a lot.
→It was his father that/who helped him a lot.
2. Because Jack came late for school, Mr Smith got angry.
→It was because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry.
3. You should pay special attention to table manners when attending the dinner party.
→It is table manners that you should pay special attention to when attending the dinner party.
4. Where did you disagree with my suggestions
→Where was it that you disagreed with my suggestions
5. I didn’t know real happiness until I met you.
→It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
6. When shall we meet together
→When is it that we shall meet together
7. What he said disappointed me.
→It was what he said that disappointed me.
8. He returned the book to me yesterday. I might have put it somewhere else.
→He did return the book to me yesterday. I might have put it somewhere else.
根据提示用所学强调句的用法翻译下列语段。
1. 我们的邻居王先生说服我们和他一起去旅游。(强调主语)
2. 因为我们知道他很靠得住, 所以我们同意了。(强调原因状语)
3. 他关注准备工作的每个细节。(强调宾语)
4. 他选择了路线, 找了交通工具并且制作了日程表。(强调主语)
5. 当我们享受着温暖的阳光、欣赏着美景时, 我们是那么激动。(强调时间状语)
6. 这次旅行改变了我们对王先生不好相处的印象。(强调主语)
It was our neighbor Mr Wang who persuaded us to join in his journey. It was because we knew he was quite reliable that we agreed. It was every detail of the preparations that he paid attention to. It was he that/who chose the route, found the transport and made the schedule. It was when we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful view that we were so excited. It was the travel that changed our impression that Mr Wang was not easy to get along with.
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8Unit 4 Global warmingUsing Language
Ⅰ. 用本单元恰当的单词补全语境
1. advocate improvements 提倡改善
2. have a commitment like yours 承担和你一样的义务
3. put up with pollution 忍受污染
4. the growth of the greenhouse gas 温室气体的增加
5. leave an electrical appliance on 让电器开着
6. circumstances beyond control无法控制的情况
7. refresh your spirit 使你神清气爽
8. be an educator 做一个教育者
9. the presentation of one’s ID card显示某人的身份证
10. a growing tendency 增长的趋势
11. come into existence 存在, 产生
12. a casual interview一场随意的采访
Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的词补全短语
1. I can always learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.
2. I do hope your paper will make a difference to environmental protection.
3. The fellow is casual about his job and consequently he is fired.
4. Our team will take part in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions on behalf of our school.
5. On the whole, traveling is the best choice to enrich our lives and get ready for the new challenges.
6. My hobby is widespread, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on.
7. Those who make contributions to the development of literature are admirable.
8. How many times do you dine out per week on average
9. When it comes to saving energy, big changes start with small steps, like turning off the lights.
10. As long as you keep practising, you will make steady progress.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it(关于如何减少它的).
2. Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to(如果情况允许).
3. Finally and most importantly(最后而且最重要的是), be an educator.
框架宏观建构: 整体理解
文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1) Which is not the reason why Ouyang Guang writes the letter
A. He is doing a project on global warming.
B. He feels individuals can affect huge environmental problems.
C. He isn’t sure where to start with his project.
D. He wants to get some suggestions from the second letter.
(2)Which is not true according to the second letter
A. Together, individuals can make a difference to environmental problems.
B. Individuals must put up with pollution.
C. Many activities individuals do can produce carbon dioxide.
D. Individuals can save energy to slow down global warming.
(3)Which is not Earth Care’s suggestion
A. Turn electrical appliances off if you don’t use them.
B. Put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.
C. Buy things made of raw materials.
D. Walk or ride a bike if you can.
(4) What’s the main idea of the two letters
A. Some organizations should do something about global warming.
B. Suggestions on what to do about global warming.
C. Individuals needn’t do anything about global warming.
D. Governments should take measures about global warming.
答案: (1)～(4) BBCB
(5)What is Ouyang Guang busy doing
He is doing a project about global warming on behalf of his school.
2. 根据文章内容完成空格。
Letters The contents of the letters
OuyangGuang’s He is doing a project (1)on behalf of his school about global warming. He thinks people should (2)advocate improvements in the way they use energy today.
EarthCare’s Together, (3) individuals can make a difference. We don’t have to put up with (4)pollution. It’s OK to leave an (5)electrical appliance on so long (6)as you are using it—if not, turn it off! Don’t be (7)casual about this. Walk or ride a bike as possible as you can. Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if (8)circumstances allow you to. Get your parents to buy things that are economical with energy. Plant trees around you to (9)refresh your spirit when you look at them. Finally and most importantly, be an (10)educator.
3. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文: 有许多人许下你这样的承诺, 但是他们不相信自己有能力改善我们的环境。
译文: 用新材料制作东西需要很多能源, 所以, 如果可能的话, 买用循环材料制成的东西。
译文: 在你的花园或校园里种上树, 因为它们(这些树)能吸收空气中的二氧化碳, 而且你看见它们时能振作精神。
阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。
As a student, what suggestions can you give on how to reduce global warming
Turn an electrical appliance off, put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat, recycle the used materials, buy things made from recycled materials and plant more trees.
2. 根据提示, 运用本单元词汇与句型完成短文。
(1)应对全球变暖, 人人都能起一定作用(make a difference)。我们不必忍受(put up with)污染。
(2)只要(so long as)不用电器设备就把它关掉, 以节省能源。尽量走路或骑自行车而不坐机动车(motor vehicles)。如果情况(circumstances)允许, 循环使用日常物品。在花园或校园种树, 因为树能净化空气, 使你精神振奋(refresh)。最重要的是当一个教育者(educator), 让人们意识到环境保护的重要性。
Everyone can make a difference in dealing with global warming. We don’t have to put up with pollution. Turn off an electrical appliance so long as you aren’t using it to save energy. Instead of taking motor vehicles, walk or ride a bike if you can. Recycle daily objects if circumstances allow you to. Plant trees in your garden or school yard as they can purify the air and refresh your spirit. Most importantly, be an educator and make people realize the importance of protecting the environment.
1. on the whole大体上; 基本上
*On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.
总的来说, 地球变暖是个引起广泛关注的现象。
*We must look at the economic problem as a whole.
我们必须从整体的角度考虑经济问题。
*It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.
据报道, 美国消耗的能源是整个欧洲的两倍。
【语块积累】
as a whole 作为一个整体, 总体上
the whole of sth. 全部, 全体
用适当的介词填空。
(1)On the whole, people who are well educated can find jobs easier than those without a good education.
(2)This rule does not only apply to seniors, but to the school as a whole.
(3) He has said he will make an apology to the whole of the class for his past behaviour.
2. average adj. 平均的
* On average, a powerful earthquake occurs less than once every two years.
通常, 强烈的地震每两年发生不到一次。
*China achieved an average annual GDP growth of 9. 4 percent between 1979 and 2018 at constant prices, well above the 2. 9-percent rate the world economy logged in the same period. 1979至2018年, 按不变价格计算, 中国的年均GDP增长率为9. 4%, 远远高于同期全球经济2. 9%的增长率。
*Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0. 68 ℃ above the average. 去年是有纪录以来最热的一年, 全球平均气温上升0. 68摄氏度。
*During the busiest time, the company tested more than 8, 000 samples a day on average.
在最繁忙的时期, 该公司平均每天检测8 000多个样本。
【语块积累】
average n. 平均数; 平均水平; 一般水准
an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
on(the)average 平均起来
above/below average 在平均水平以上/以下
up to average 达到平均数; 达到一般水准
【熟词生义】
It is just an average dictionary.
那只是本普通的字典。 (adj. 普通的, 一般的)
(2021·浙江高考)Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet. 现在的孩子们平均每天花在屏幕上的时间为四个半小时, 主要是看电视和上网。
(1)On (the) average he works eight hours a day.
他平均每天工作八小时。
(2)These marks are well above the average.
这些分数远远在平均分数之上。
(3) Temperatures are below the average for the time of year.
温度低于此时的年平均温度。
3. on behalf of 代表……一方; 作为……的代言人
*On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 我代表在座的各位祝你们回国旅途愉快。
*Mr White can’t be here, so I will accept the prize on his behalf. 怀特先生不能来, 所以我代他领奖。
【语块积累】
on behalf of sb. = on sb. ‘s behalf 代表某人
句型转换。
(1) I took part in a national speaking contest on our school’s behalf and won first place.
→I took part in a national speaking contest on behalf of our school and won first place.
(2)Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.
→Now, on my schoolmates’ behalf, I wish you a safe return.
4. make a difference 有影响; 有区别; 起作用
*There is no doubt that China will make a big difference to the world. 毫无疑问, 中国将会对世界产生重大影响。
*Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not. 你能否得到这个工作与你的年龄无关。
*Believe it or not, it makes no difference to me what you say.
信不信由你, 你说什么对我没关系。
【语块积累】
make a big difference to. . . 对……有很大影响
make some/much/no difference to. . . 对……有些/很大/没有作用
Together, individuals can make a difference.
众人拾柴火焰高。
(1)Without working hard, we cannot make a difference(有所作为) in our future.
(2)China’s selfless assistance has made a great difference to the worldwide fight against the new coronavirus. 中国的无私援助对世界范围内抗击新型冠状病毒的斗争产生了巨大的影响。
(3)It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去或明天去没有多大关系。
(4)It’ll make no difference to me who will win the election.
谁赢得这次竞选和我没关系。
5. put up with 忍受; 容忍
*On the whole I am strongly opposed to the behavior of this kind and can’t put up with it.
总体来说, 我强烈反对这种行为, 无法忍受。
*The sports meeting has to be put off due to the bad weather.
由于天气不好, 运动会只得延期。
*Far water does not put out near fire. [谚]远水救不了近火。
【语块积累】
put away 放好; 收好; 储存
put down 记下; 放下; 镇压; 平定
put forward 提出; 将……提前
put out 熄灭; 扑灭; 出版; 公布; 生产
put off 推迟; 延期
put up 提出; 举起; 升起; 提(价); 投宿; 建造
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
今日事, 今日毕。
用适当的介词或副词填空。
(1)Mrs Brown put down the phone, sighed and shook her head sadly.
(2)Before it got dark, the campers put up their tents in a field.
(3)The suggestion put forward by our monitor that we visit the film studio is really exciting.
(4)He couldn’t put up with his toothache any longer, so he went to the hospital to have the tooth pulled out.
(5)The appointment was put off because of his illness.
(6)Though they make every effort to put out the fire, many houses are burnt to the ground.
6. so long as 只要
*So long as we pull together and work hard, we are sure to realize the “Chinese Dream” of the Great Revival of the Chinese Nation. 只要我们齐心协力努力工作, 就一定能实现中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”。
* So/As long as we don’t lose heart and keep on trying, we are sure to get over difficulties, and achieve our aims.
只要我们不失去信心, 继续努力, 我们一定能克服困难, 实现我们的目标。
*As long as life exists, there is the struggle of existence.
只要有生命存在, 就有生存竞争。
(1)so long as = as long as意为: 只要, 引导条件状语从句。
(2)当意为“与……一样长, 长达……”时, as long as用于肯定句或否定句; 而so long as只用于否定句。
(1)We’re exhausted by the journey, but it doesn’t matter so/as long as we enjoyed ourselves.
旅途使我们筋疲力尽, 但只要我们玩得开心就没关系了。
(2)This river is as long as that one. 这条河和那条河一样长。
(3)You can keep a good figure as/so long as you work out regularly. 只要你经常锻炼, 你就会保持好的身材。
7. As I’m not sure where to start with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.
因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的项目, 所以我会感激你们的任何建议。
【句式解构】
(1)该句为主从复合句。as引导原因状语从句; you may have是省略了that/which的定语从句, 修饰先行词suggestions。
(2)where to start是“疑问词+不定式”结构, 在句中作宾语。
*When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. 正当我们疑惑该做什么的时候, 经理走了出来。
*In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
在审判中, 法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信, 哪些证人不能相信。
*Please tell me when to start the project.
请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
小议“疑问词+不定式”结构
(1)该结构中的常用疑问词: what, where, when, how, who, which等, 该结构的作用相当于相应意义的宾语从句。
(2)该结构作主语时谓语动词用单数。
When and where to hold the sports meeting is not known.
还不知道何时何地举行运动会。
(1)句型转换。
①She didn’t know which bus she should take.
→She didn’t know which bus to take.
②I’m considering what I should do next.
→I’m considering what to do next.
(2)改错。
①I am grateful for the advice what you have offered me.
(删掉what或what→that/which)
②I wonder how persuade him to accept my view.
(在how后加to)
8. It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备, 你便可以把它开着—— 如果不用就把它关掉!
【句式解构】
(1)该句为并列复合句。破折号起连词作用, 连接两个并列句。在第一个并列句中, so long as引导条件状语从句; 在第二个并列句中, if not 是一个省略形式的条件状语从句。
(2)if not是if you are not using it的省略形式。if 后常跟so, not, any, ever表示省略。
*If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8∶30 outside the school gate. If not, please let me know what time suits you best. 如果你方便的话, 我们八点半在学校大门外见面。如果不方便, 请让我知道什么时间最适合你。
*They think she may try to phone. If so, someone must stay here.
他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话, 就得有人守在这儿。
*He is seldom, if ever, late for school.
他上学几乎没有迟到过。
【语块积累】
if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
if any 如果有的话
if necessary 如果有必要
if so 如果这样
【知识延伸】if从句的其他省略
在if引导的条件状语从句中, 若从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it, 谓语动词为be动词时, 可以将从句的主语和be动词省略。
If (it is) heated, water can be changed into vapour.
水加热可以变成水蒸气。
If(it is) possible, this machine can be fixed at once.
可能的话, 这台机器会立即被修好。
(1)Do you agree that I will put off our visit to Yunnan If so (如果赞同), write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.
(2)If not(如果不的话), should I keep on this path or go in another direction
(3)Tom, please lend me a book on the history of China, if any(如果有的话).
【要点拾遗】
1. existence n. 存在; 生存
*Low-lying countries feel their very existence is in danger from rising sea levels. 地势低洼的国家感受到他们的生存受到了上升的海平面的威胁。
*As is known to us, the People’s Republic of China came into existence as an independent country in 1949.
众所周知, 中华人民共和国成立于1949年, 是一个独立的国家。
*He finds it hard to exist on the money he’s earning.
他发现靠他挣的钱很难生活。
【语块积累】
(1)come into existence 开始存在; 成立, 建立
in existence 存在
(2)exist v. 存在; 有
exist on 靠……生活
exist in 存在于……中
(1)The universe came into existence for a reason.
宇宙的形成是有原因的。
(2) It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.
他们要靠这一点收入生活是不可能的。
(3) Research opportunities exist in a wide range of areas.
研究机会存在于广泛的领域中。
(4)The department that you are referring to is not in existence. 你所指的部门不存在了。
(5)(2019·江苏高考) So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence.
因此科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种, 使它们免于灭绝。
2. advocate vt. 拥护; 提倡; 主张
*In order to keep healthy, we advocate quitting smoking.
= We advocate that we (should) quit smoking to keep healthy.
为了保持健康, 我们提倡戒烟。
*Many experts advocate rewarding children for their good behavior. 许多专家主张对孩子的良好表现加以奖励。
【语块积累】
advocate (doing) sth. 拥护/提倡(做)某事
advocate + that从句 主张……(that从句中谓语用should+动词原形, should可以省略)
It is advocated that . . . 主张, 提倡……
【知识延伸】
跟that宾语从句时, 从句需用虚拟语气(即 should +do)的常见动词还有:
一坚持: insist
二命令: order, command
三建议: suggest, advise, propose
四要求: demand, ask, require, request
(1)语法填空。
①He advocated we (should) take (take) more exercise.
②He advocated protecting (protect) this river.
(2)改错。
①He advocated to reduce the heavy burden of students. (to reduce→reducing)
②I advocate that teenagers’ health problem must be paid much attention to. (must→should或删掉must)
3. electrical adj. 电的; 与电有关的
*Their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical engineering.
他们的发明有助于电气工程学的发展。
*Now electrical appliances have entered ordinary families.
现在家用电器已经步入普通家庭。
*It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. 它有一个可按要求开关雨伞的内置的电机。
【知识延伸】 electrical、electric与electronic的辨析
electrical “电学的”, 指与电有关的事物, 被修饰的词本身并不能带电
electric “电的”, 指任何电动的或发电的装置, 被修饰的物体本身可带电
electronic “电子的”, 和电子有关的
选词填空(electrical/electric/ electronic)。
(1)Our classrooms are now equipped with electric fans.
(2)My brother studies electrical engineering.
(3)This dictionary is available in electronic version.
4. circumstance n. 环境; 情况(常用复数)
*Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.
如果情况允许的话, 你要回收罐子、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。
*Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下, 不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
*Under no circumstances will Karen agree to move to a new school, because she has just adapted herself to this school.
在任何情况下凯伦都不会同意搬到一所新学校, 因为她刚刚适应了这所学校。
【语块积累】
in/under the circumstances 在此情况下; 情况既然如此
in/under no circumstances 决不, 无论如何不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)
if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许
in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下
(1)语法填空。
①I have reached the circumstances in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
②Our circumstances are (be) so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive.
(2)Under/In no circumstances can we go against the laws of nature. 我们无论如何都不能违背自然规律。
(3)I wanted to leave quickly but under/in the circumstances I decided to stay another night.
我想很快就走, 但在这种情况下, 我决定再待一个晚上。
5. refresh vt. 使恢复; 使振作
*Taking breaks will make you energetic again and refresh your mind. 休息一下会让你重新精力充沛, 头脑清醒。
*The writer is used to refreshing himself with a cup of coffee while writing.
这位作家习惯在写作时喝杯咖啡提神。
*This film makes a refreshing change.
这部电影令人耳目一新。
【语块积累】
refresh oneself 使自己恢复精力; 使自己凉爽
refresh. . . with. . . 用……使……振作精神
refresh one’s memory 使某人想起; 唤起某人的记忆
refreshing adj. 令人耳目一新的;
使人精力充沛的
【熟词生义】
Her words refreshed my memory.
她的话使我记忆犹新。
(v. 使……想起)
(1)Some students often run for a short while after class to refresh themselves.
为了恢复精力, 有些学生经常课后跑一会儿。
(2)He refreshed himself with a cold shower.
他冲了个凉水澡凉快凉快。
(3)I looked at the map to refresh my memory of the road.
我看着地图, 想使自己回忆起那条道路。
6. contribution n. 贡献; 捐赠; 投稿
*On behalf of all staff of the company, I’d like to express our thanks to you for the contributions you have made to the company.
我代表公司全体员工, 对你为公司做出的贡献表示感谢。
*His son joined the army because he thought it is a great way for him to make contributions to his country.
他儿子参军是因为他认为这是他为国家作出贡献的一个非常好的方式。
*A study in February using data from NASA satellites revealed that China contributed to a quarter of the increase in global green leaf area since the turn of the century.
二月份利用美国国家航空航天局卫星数据进行的一项研究显示, 本世纪以来, 全球绿叶覆盖面积的四分之一是由中国贡献的。
【语块积累】
(1)make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.
对(做)某事做出贡献
(2)contribute v. 贡献
contribute to 贡献; 有助于; 投稿; 捐献
【知识延伸】与介词to搭配的常用动词短语
be/get used to习惯于 be accustomed to习惯于 be opposed to反对 devote. . . to/ be devoted to献身于; 致力于 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 get down to着手 pay attention to注意 stick to坚持 subscribe to同意; 订购
He is used to getting up early. 他习惯了早起。
Look forward to your early reply. 盼望早日收到你的回复。
She has devoted all her time to helping the sick.
她把所有时间用于帮助病人。
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome.
研究表明, 更友好的交流可以带来更快乐的工作场所, 而表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果。
(1)语法填空。
①We should try our best to make great contributions(contribute) to the development of our motherland.
②It’s our duty to make contributions to protecting (protect) the environment.
③The president said the vaccine contributed to Zimbabwe by China has brought light to the nation’s fight against the new coronavirus epidemic.
(2)Physical exercise contributes directly to(直接有助于) a person’s physical fitness.
(3)If you want to contribute to(投稿) our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.
【补偿训练】语法填空。
(1)Mr White expressed his hope that he would look forward to visiting (visit) the town to see the people there once more.
(2)Set a plan and, set a goal and stick to it, which will create a routine and a routine is the first step towards developing a habit.
(3)We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do. Let’s get down to it.
(4)Many animals are in danger, so we should pay attention to wildlife protection (protect).
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达
1. 征求对方意见
Do you agree 你同意吗
Are you for or against his idea
你是赞成还是反对他的主意
What do you think of my proposal 你觉得我的建议怎么样
Don’t you think so 你不这样认为吗
Does it work for you 你没问题吧
Take it or leave it 接受还是拒绝
Yes or no 是还是不是
Now do we have a deal or not 现在我们达成一致了吗
Please tell me what you honestly think.
请你告诉我你的真实想法。
2. 表达意见
I think. . . 我认为……
In my opinion/view. . . 在我看来……
As far as I’m concerned. . . 就我而言……
It seems to me that. . . 我觉得好像……
To be honest /To tell you the truth /To be frank. . .
说实话……
Frankly speaking. . . 说实话……
Personally speaking. . . 就我个人而言……
3. 表示同意
I agree. 我同意。
Exactly! 完全正确!
Certainly! 当然!
Of course! 当然!
That’s right. 太对了。
Absolutely! 绝对没问题!
That’s correct. 正确。
That’s true. 是真的。
Good idea. 好主意。
You’re right. 你是对的。
Sounds good. 听起来不错。
That’s great. 太棒了。
4. 表达不同意见
I’m afraid I disagree with you. 恐怕我不能同意你。
I’m afraid not. 恐怕不是。
No, I don’t agree. 不, 我不同意。
I don’t think so. 我不这样认为。
No way. 没门。
Absolutely not! 绝对不行!
I doubt. . . 我怀疑……
Ⅱ. 话题情景交流
Mary: Hey, Jack. I’d like to buy some gifts for my friends. 1. Could you give me a few ideas(你能给我一些建议吗)
Jack: 2. Certainly(当然)! What kind of gifts do you want
Mary: I want something that’s representative of the Chinese culture.
Jack: 3. As far as I’m concerned(在我看来), Beijing Opera masks would be the first choice. 4. What do you think of my proposal (你觉得我的建议怎么样)
Mary: 5. Sounds good(听起来不错)。Where can I buy some
Jack: There are some souvenir shops down on the Wangfujing Street. I can go and buy them with you.
Mary: 6. That’s great(那太棒了). I don’t know how to bargain.
Jack: OK! Let’s go.
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. He has made a commitment (承诺) to the boss that under no circumstances (情况) will he leave the company.
2. Confucius, who is the greatest educator (教育家) in our history, advocated (提倡) teaching students in accordance with their aptitude(才能), which is beneficial for the growth (成长) of the students.
3. The small country came into existence (存在) in 1947 and since then it has done many things that have received widespread (广泛的) support of the world.
4. The manager thought highly of his great contributions (贡献)to the company, but he was very modest and only made some casual (随便的)remarks.
5. There is disagreement (分歧) over how the presentation (展示)should be made on the new products.
6. He refreshed (使振作) himself by jogging in the yard after he read a book on how to deal with environment pollution(污染) for a long time.
7. There is a tendency (趋势) that electrical (与电有关的) engineering is becoming more and more popular in university.
Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
on the whole, on behalf of, as a result of, make a difference, put up with, so long as, and so on, make contributions to, on average, in no circumstances
1. It’s generally believed that he suffered from illness as a result of the overfull tiredness.
2. Jim made contributions to the company’s success. As a consequence, he was highly valued by the boss.
3. I can subscribe to some magazines for you so long as you read them carefully.
4. On behalf of my class, I’d like to invite you to join us in the outing.
5. In no circumstances can I agree with you on such a serious problem.
6. On the whole, I consider it to be superior to plastics.
7. They work hard because they need to make enough money for food, clothing, shelter, and so on.
8. I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
9. There is no doubt that China’s progress in all aspects will make a difference to the peaceful development of mankind.
10. In the opinion of some scientists, on average, women live between five and seven years longer than men.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. When and where to hold the meeting has not been decided so far. 什么时间什么地点举行会议到目前为止还没有决定。
2. Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear when receiving the British students next month.
李江和苏华正在讨论下个月接待英国学生时穿什么。
3. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract If so, come early to the talk at 7: 30 pm by Jules Skye.
你有兴趣成为一个音乐家并且得到唱片合约吗 如果是这样的话, 就早点来听朱尔斯·斯凯晚上7: 30的演讲吧。
4. Remind them to book an interview room if necessary.
提醒他们, 如果必要的话, 可以预订一间面试室。
5. It takes patience and hard work to master English writing.
掌握英文写作需要耐心及努力。
Ⅳ. 课文语法填空
Ouyang Guang is doing a project at school on 1. what he can do about global warming, but he feels individuals can’t have any effect 2. on such huge environmental problems and he is not sure where 3. to start (start) with his project. So he writes to Earth Care to get some suggestions 4. immediately (immediate). And Earth Care tells him that individuals can make a 5. difference(different) and that it is the greenhouse gas 6. that causes global warming. So most of his suggestions are about reducing the carbon dioxide in the air and 7. saving (save) as much energy as possible. Some suggestions are as follows: don’t be casual about electrical 8. appliance(apply); walk or ride rather than drive a car; recycle everything if circumstances allow us to; plant trees in the garden or school yard 9. to refresh(refresh) our spirit; and be an educator. By doing so, we can make 10. contributions (contribute) to the environmental problems.
如何写海报
海报可分为招聘广告、活动宣传、发出倡议、人物介绍等。海报为应用文体, 格式比较固定。海报的语言一般简明扼要, 多用省略句、缩略语及类似的语言起到醒目的作用。
假如你是小明, 是你们学校学生会的主席。下面将由你来代表你们学生会拟一份宣传倡议书, 鼓舞带动大家一起行动起来, 为低碳环保活动出一份力。与此同时你们学校将在下周六组织同学在全市进行一次低碳环保宣传活动, 征集志愿者报名参加。
要求: 1. 内容要包括以上主要信息, 可适当发挥; 2. 词数: 100个左右。
完成句子
1. As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse.
众所周知, 我们周围的环境越来越糟。
2. I think we must take effective measures to protect the environment.
我认为我们必须采取有效措施保护环境。
3. We had better use shopping baskets instead of plastic bags. 我们最好用购物筐代替塑料袋。
4. We go shopping. 我们去购物。
5. Everyone pays more attention to our environment. 人人更多地关注环境。
6. There will be less and less pollution. 污染会越来越少。
词句升级
7. 用when合并3、4句
We had better use shopping baskets instead of plastic bags when we go shopping.
8. 用if合并5、6句
If everyone pays more attention to our environment, there will be less and less pollution.
Dear brothers and sisters,
I’d like to speak to you all today. As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. In some places we can’t see fish swimming in the river or trees on the hills. Some people even have no clean water to drink. So I think we must take effective measures to protect the environment.
But what can we do How to protect our environment For example, we can go to school on foot or by bike. We had better use shopping baskets instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. Besides, it’s better to use both sides of the paper when we write. In addition, turn off the lights when we leave the room. In a word, if everyone pays more attention to our environment, there will be less and less pollution and our life will be better.
I hope everyone will protect our environment well. One more, there will be an activity to advocate low-carbon lifestyle for environment protection next Saturday. Any volunteer is welcome to sign up for it.
Yours sincerely,
Xiao Ming
Students’ Union
1. 话题词汇
①organize组织
②improve改善; 提高
③hold举行, 举办
④activity活动
⑤cause引起; 造成
⑥suggestion建议
⑦solve解决
⑧welcome欢迎
⑨beneficial有益的
⑩in order to为了
take part in参加
sign up for报名参加
as far as I’m concerned我认为
make a difference起作用; 有影响
2. 话题句式
(1)表示目的:
①In order to reduce pollution, we decide to travel by bike.
为了减少污染, 我们决定骑车旅行。
②We’ll hold an English-speaking contest so that the students’ spoken English can be improved. 为了提高学生们的口语水平, 我们将举行一次英语演讲比赛。
(2)表达观点:
①As far as I’m concerned, it’s a good solution.
在我看来, 这是一个解决问题的好办法。
②In my opinion/view, it’s beneficial to the environment.
我认为, 这对环境有益。
③Personally, I prefer the second option.
就个人而言, 我倾向于第二种选择。
④Only in this way can we do it better.
只有这样, 我们才能把它做得更好。
(3)提出建议和希望:
①It’s time that we should take/took action.
到了我们采取行动的时候了。
②Let’s do something to improve the environment.
为了改善环境, 让我们行动起来吧。
③We had better save as much energy as possible.
我们最好尽可能多地节省能源。
④Everyone is welcome to take an active part in it. 欢迎大家积极参加。
PAGE
24Unit 4 Global warmingWarming Up & Reading
Ⅰ. 根据语境用正确的单词填空
1. consume much time and energy 消耗大量的时间和精力
2. the trend of public opinion公众舆论趋势
3. subscribe to journals订阅期刊
4. oppose changing the plan反对改变计划
5. state the facts陈述事实
6. glance around the room在屋里扫视一圈
7. a random selection by computer电脑的随机选择
8. a mild punishment一个轻微的惩罚
9. breathe steadily平稳地呼吸
10. plot a graph绘制图表
11. add fuel to the fire给火加燃料
12. the analysis of the data数据分析
Ⅱ. 根据语境用恰当的词补全短语
1. Time is running out for the trapped miners.
2. If you subscribe to the newspaper, it’ll be beneficial to your English study.
3. With the prices going up, we now buy less with the same amount of money.
4. I wonder how it came about that she was half an hour late for such an important exam.
5. Work stress resulted in his mental illness. His health is now at risk.
6. The sports meeting was put off due to the bad weather.
7. During the discussion, many members were opposed to my suggestion, which upset me greatly.
8. The children seemed bored because the teacher kept on telling them the same story over and over.
9. I wouldn’t lose courage even if I should fail ten times.
10. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good soil are being washed away each year.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 毫无疑问, 地球在变暖, 并且全球变暖是人为的, 而不是一种随意的自然现象。
2. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. 这个过程的一些副产品被称为“温室”气体, 其中最重要的是二氧化碳。
3. It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off! 只要你在使用电器设备, 你便可以让它开着。如果不用就把它关掉!
根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。
1. 名词变复数的不规则变化
phenomenon→phenomena 现象
medium→media 媒体
crisis→crises 危机
criterion→criteria 标准
datum→data 数据
bacterium→bacteria 细菌
2. “sub-前缀+名词”构成动词, 具有“在下, 向下, 副”之意, 在句中作谓语。
scribe→subscribe 同意; 捐赠; 订阅
side→subside 平息, 减弱
title→subtitle 给……加副标题
框架宏观建构: 整体理解
文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)Who found out the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997
A. Dr Janice Foster. B. Charles Keeling.
C. George Hambley. D. Sophie Armstrong.
(2)What may be the bad effects of global warming according to the passage
A. There may be a rise of several metres in the sea level.
B. There may be severe storms, floods, droughts, famines or the spread of diseases.
C. There may be the disappearance of species.
D. All of the above.
(3)Some scientists like George Hambley think that the temperature increase will .
A. cause a rise of several metres in the sea level
B. cause the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species
C. encourage a greater range of animals
D. cause severe storms, floods, droughts and famines
(4)Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A. Greenhouse gases refer to some byproducts of the burning of fossil fuels.
B. The global warming is a random rather than natural phenomenon.
C. The temperature in the last century increased by as high as 5 degrees.
D. Fewer greenhouse gases will gather in the atmosphere.
(5) The main difference between Dr Janice Foster’s theory and George Hambley’s lies in .
A. how to prevent global warming
B. what causes global warming
C. whether global warming would cause serious problems or not
D. whether the levels of carbon dioxide have increased or not over the years
答案: (1)～(5)BDCAC
2. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文: 他们还赞同下述观点: 正是越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。
译文: 在另一方面, 还有一些人, 像乔治·汉布利, 反对这种观点, 他们认为我们不应该担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。
根据文章内容完成空格。
Global warming
The introduction of the topic It’s a natural (1)phenomenon and it is a rapid increase of temperature when (2)compared to other natural changes.
The cause of global warming ·There is no doubt (3)that it is human activity that has caused global warming. ·All scientists subscribe (4)to the view that global warming is the (5)consequence of burning fossil fuels. ·The burning of more and more fossil fuels will result (6)in the increase in carbon dioxide in the air.
Two different attitudes (7)towards global warming ·Some scientists think any (8)trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees would lead to a catastrophe. ·Others, who are (9)opposed to them, think that global warming does good rather than harm to the earth.
Puzzles about the effects of global warming Although the climate is going to keep on (10)warming, no one knows the effects of global warming.
阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。
(1)What do you think of the “greenhouse effect”
On the one hand, without it, the earth would be much cooler than it is; on the other hand, it has caused global warming, which will have a great influence on us in the future.
(2)What do you think we can do to improve our environment
In my opinion, individuals can make a difference to the improvements of our environment. For example, turn off the electrical appliances if unnecessary and walk or ride a bike instead of taking vehicles to save energy. Besides, plant more trees as they can absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
2. 根据提示, 运用本单元词汇与句型完成短文。
(1)科学家都赞同(subscribe to)这种观点, 是人类活动(it is. . . that. . . )导致了全球变暖。
(2)对于全球变暖的影响, 科学家们的态度大不相同。有的认为, 全球变暖会导致(result in)一场灾难; 而有些人反对(be opposed to)这一观点并相信, 全球变暖将对人类有好处(do good to)。
All scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming. About the effects of global warming, the attitudes of scientists are completely different. Some think it will result in a catastrophe. Others are opposed to this view and believe that it will do good to humans.
1. come about 发生; 造成
*So how has this come about and does it matter
那么, 这是怎么产生的呢 会有什么影响吗
*I came across a group of children playing.
我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。
*But the issue did not come up in this way.
但是问题并没有以这种方式被提出来。
【语块积累】
come across 偶然遇到; 无意中找到
come off 从……掉下来
come on 加油; 赶快
come out 出来; 出版; 发芽
come to 提及; 共计; 苏醒
come up 走近; 被提出
come about 用法小贴士
come about是不及物动词短语, 不能接宾语, 也没有被动语态, 主语一般是物。
【知识延伸】
come about与happen、take place、occur的区别
(1)take place 一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”, 即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。
*Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
过去十年间我们的家乡发生了巨大变化。
(2)happen一般用于偶然或突发性事件。
*Maybe something unexpected happened.
也许发生了意外的事。
(3)occur意为“发生、想到、突然想起”, 其意义相当于happen。
It occurred to me that she didn’t know I had moved into the new house.
我突然想起她还不知道我已经搬入新家。
(4)come about表示“发生、产生”, 多指事情已经发生了, 但还不知道为什么, 常用于疑问句和否定句。
*When Mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about.
当母亲醒来时, 她不知道发生了什么。
语法填空。
(1)—What on earth are the police busy with
—They have been looking into how the plane crash came about.
(2)When it comes to speaking (speak) in public, no one can match him.
(3)The meaning of this word will come across to you sooner or later.
【补偿训练】选词填空(come about/happen/take place/occur)。
(1)It is necessary to know some knowledge of first aid as dangers lie everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.
(2)We are working on the assumption that the conference will take place as planned.
(3)How did it come about that you made such a silly mistake
(4)It occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.
2. quantity n. 量; 数量
*(2019·北京高考) “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing, ” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
“不仅海洋浮游植物的数量在变化, ”她说, “而且浮游植物的种类也在变化。”
*The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
当我们向大气中添加大量额外的二氧化碳时, 问题就开始了。
*As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.
由于破坏了森林, 大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。
*The cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.
如果你大批量购买这些卡片要便宜些。
【语块积累】
in quantity=in large amounts 大量; 很多
a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的
quantities of 大量; 许多
明辨quantity的单复数
(1)“a large quantity of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)“quantities of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
【知识延伸】
英语中与“quantities of+n. ”作主语用法相同的短语结构还有amounts of, masses of, piles of等。
A large amount of damage has been done by the flood.
洪水已经造成了很大的损失。
Large amounts of money have been spent on the project.
这个项目已经花了很多钱。
(1)语法填空。
①A large quantity of beer was sold (sell) yesterday.
②Large quantities of food are wasted (waste) because of the way it looks.
③A large quantity of air conditioners has been sold (sell) since the summer came.
④She likes reading and always buys books in quantity.
(2)Quantities of water polluted, we are faced with serious shortage of water.
大量的水被污染, 我们面临着严重的缺水问题。
3. tend vi. 趋向; 易于; 照顾 vt. 照顾; 护理
*Older persons tend to be more affected by chronic and non-communicable diseases, making them more vulnerable to succumbing to COVID-19. 老年人更容易受到慢性和非传染性疾病的影响, 使他们更容易感染新冠肺炎。
*In Europe surnames tend to come either from a profession, a father’s name or even from the varied landscapes of the continent.
在欧洲, 姓氏往往要么来自职业, 要么来自父亲的名字, 甚至来自欧洲大陆的各种风景。
*We employed a girl to tend (to) the children for a few hours each day.
我们雇了一个女孩, 每天照料孩子们几个小时。
*In our class, there is a tendency for students to go on a diet to get slim.
在我们班, 学生有节食减肥的趋势。
【语块积累】
(1)tend (to) 照顾; 照料
(2)tendency n. 趋向, 倾向
a tendency to/towards ……的倾向
(2021·全国乙卷)Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
就连足球迷也有自己的座位; 成千上万人站着看比赛的日子一去不复返了。
(1)语法填空。
①She had to stay at home, tending (tend) to her sick mother.
②There is a tendency towards/to regional cooperation.
(2)Housing price is tending to go down because of the economic crisis all over the world.
因为全世界的经济危机, 房价正趋于下降。
4. go up 上升; 增长; 升起
*This year housing prices in most cities have gone down steadily instead of going up.
今年, 大部分城市的房价没有上升, 而是平缓地下降。
*Without more coal, the fire will soon go out.
不再放些煤炭, 火将会很快熄灭。
*As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. 当你浏览这本书的时候, 你就会发现经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每个人都有不同的经历。
*Nowadays young people tend not to go against their wishes for a job.
现在年轻人往往不愿意为了工作而违背自己的意愿。
【语块积累】
go by 逝去; 过去
go on 继续; 进行; 发生
go out 出去; 熄灭
go over 复习; 仔细检查
go through 经历; 通过; 完成; 检查
go against 违背; 违反
(1)语法填空。
①We’re bosom friends because we’ve gone through many kinds of troubles together.
②The prices of goods kept going up and we had to cut the expenses in order to meet our daily needs.
③With time going by, our supply is running out.
④Go over the whole book again before the exam.
(2)When and where to go on an outing hasn’t been decided yet.
何时在何地郊游还没有决定。
5. result in 导致
*They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还一致认为, 正是越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。
*(2019·江苏高考) However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
然而, 它们有实际的影响, 因为它们导致了对稀缺资源的错误使用。
*The great achievements made in the past 40 years resulted from the joint efforts of all the Chinese people.
过去40年来取得的巨大成就是全中国人民共同努力的结果。
*The weather was bad, as a result, we had to put off our hiking.
天气不好, 结果我们不得不推迟徒步旅行。
*According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet.
依据斯帕罗的说法, 我们不会由于互联网而减退记忆力。
【语块积累】
(1)result from 由……产生
(2)result n. 结果
as a result 因此; 结果
as a result of 作为……的结果; 由于……
without result 无效地, 毫无结果地
【巧学助记】result短语荟萃
(1)语法填空。
①He overslept, resulting (result) in his being late for class.
②As a result of your carelessness, the plan should be put off at least one month.
(2)一句多译。
很多人认为新冠肺炎是由蝙蝠引起的。
①Many people thought COVID-19 resulted from bats.
②Many people thought bats resulted in COVID-19.
③Many people thought COVID-19 broke out as a result of bats.
6. oppose vt. 反对; 反抗; 与(某人)较量
*The government called on the workers to oppose waste.
政府号召工人反对浪费。
*The mother opposed her daughter’s going there alone.
这位母亲反对她的女儿一个人去那里。
*Oppose your views against mine.
把你的观点和我的观点对照一下。
*The majority of people were opposed to the project. As a result, it wasn’t adopted.
大多数人反对这个方案, 因此它没被采纳。
【语块积累】
oppose sth. to/against sth. 使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
(2)opposed adj. 相反的, 对立的
be opposed to. . . 反对……; 与……对立
(1)oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时, 要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中, to是介词, 其后的动词也要用动名词形式。
(2)表示反对的其他表达: disagree with, object to, be against等。
(1)语法填空。
①His daughter is very athletic as opposed (oppose) to his son.
②They opposed building(build) the new hotel because of the great cost.
(2)With a lot of people opposed to/opposing the new proposal, the government postponed it. (用with的复合结构)
由于许多人反对这项新提案, 政府把它推迟了。
7. keep on继续
*In my opinion, we must keep on doing morning exercises, because it can make us energetic and make us learn our lessons more effectively.
依我看, 我们必须坚持做早操, 因为它可以让我们充满活力, 学习效率更高。
*(2019·天津高考) With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning.
有了高度的动机和热情, 我们可以继续学习。
*He made a fire to keep off wild animals.
他生了火使野兽不敢走近。
*Warm clothing will keep out the cold.
暖和衣服可以御寒。
*Keep in mind that the mobile phone is no more than a tool.
一定要记住, 手机只是一件工具。
【语块积累】
keep back 隐瞒; 忍住
keep off 避开; 不靠近
keep up 坚持; 维持; 沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep out 遮挡; 使不进入
keep. . . out of 不使……入内; 使不卷入某事
keep up with 赶上, 不落在后面
keep in touch with. . . 与……保持联系
keep away from (使)不接近; 远离……
keep. . . in mind 记住……
Keep on going; never give up. 勇往直前, 决不放弃!
(1)语法填空。
①She couldn’t keep back her tears.
②Keep the dog out of my room.
③I hope the fine weather will keep up.
④The sign says “Keep off the grass! ”
(2)As far as I can see, here is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
在我看来, 只有一种可能的方法可以远离危险。
(3)During the Spring Festival in 2020, it was common for people to keep in touch with each other online.
2020年春节期间, 人们普遍通过网络保持联系。
(4)They always keep the interests of the people in mind.
他们时刻想着人民的利益。
(5)In order to do the experiment well, the research center has to keep up with the latest computers and hardware regardless of the price. 为了把实验做好, 研究中心不得不不顾价格, 跟上最新的计算机和硬件。
8. glance vi. 看一下; 扫视; n. 一瞥
*Lily is so shy that whenever she is introduced to strangers, she always glances at them quickly and then looks down at the ground. 莉莉很害羞, 因此每当被介绍给陌生人时, 她总是快速看一眼就把头低下看着地了。
*I glanced up quickly to see who had come in.
我迅速抬头瞥了一眼看是谁进来了。
*She glanced through the report. 她大致浏览了一下报告。
*At first glance the problem seemed easy.
乍一看问题似乎很简单。
*He gave her a quick glance and kept on watching TV.
他快速瞥了她一眼, 继续看电视。
【语块积累】
(1)glance at/over/through 浏览……
glance about/around 环顾……
(2)at first glance 乍一看, 初看; 第一眼就
at a glance 一眼; 立刻
(2020·天津高考)Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office.
维尼环顾四周, 注意到了他办公室的大小。
Never judge people at first glance, for true beauty comes from the inside. 永远不要以貌取人, 因为真正的美发自内心。
语法填空。
(1)Glancing at the newspapers before breakfast, the professor had a brief understanding of what was happening throughout the nation.
(2)He glanced around the room.
(3)He could tell at a glance what was wrong.
(4)Both of them are the same at first glance, but in fact they are different.
9. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 毫无疑问, 地球在变暖, 并且全球变暖是人为的, 而不是一种随意的自然现象。
【句式解构】
(1)该句为主从复合句, doubt后面为that引导的两个并列的同位语从句。
(2)在第二个that引导的同位语从句中含有一个强调句, 强调句子的主语human activity。
*There is no doubt that more and more intelligent robots are being used in industrial fields, taking the place of humans to do many dangerous tasks.
毫无疑问, 越来越多的智能机器人被应用于工业领域, 代替人类做许多危险的工作。
*There is some doubt whether he will keep on investing in the property market.
他是否继续投资房地产市场还不一定。
*It is your efforts, not your intelligence that determine your success.
是你的努力, 而不是你的智力决定你的成功。
【语块积累】
(1)There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether. . . 怀疑……
without/beyond doubt 无疑地, 一定
(2)doubt whether/if. . . 怀疑……
don’t doubt that. . . 毫不怀疑……
doubt用法面面观
doubt 作名词时 (1)在否定句中用that引导同位语从句(2)在肯定句中用whether引导同位语从句, 此时不能与if互换
作动词时 (1)在否定句、疑问句中用that引导宾语从句(2)在肯定句中用whether/if引导宾语从句
(1)语法填空。
①Our class is made up of 52 students, all of whom are friendly and hard-working. There is no doubt that you can get along well with them.
②I don’t doubt that my father will come to watch my performance, but I doubt whether/if he can come on time.
③There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meet will be held in our school.
④It is our parents that/who we can always depend on when we’re in trouble.
(2)I never doubt that (我从不怀疑)special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.
(3)John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today.
约翰的成功和好运气没关系。是多年的努力工作才使他有了今天。
10. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量, 在未来几十年或几个世纪内, 气候仍会持续转暖。
【句式解构】
该句为主从复合句, even if/though“即使, 尽管”; 引导让步状语从句, 表示语气较强的让步。
*Dean still refused to join in the game, even if/though we all did our best to persuade him.
尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服Dean, 但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。
*Even if we encounter great difficulties in the work of poverty alleviation, we should not retreat. 即使我们在脱贫攻坚工作中遇到了很大的困难, 也不应该退缩。
(1)Even if/though I am busy with my lessons, I have managed to find time to stay with my friends.
尽管我忙于功课, 我还是设法挤出时间和朋友们在一起。
(2)Even if/though my work is challenging, I don’t get tired of it. 即使我的工作很有挑战性, 我也不厌倦。
【要点拾遗】
1. random adj. 胡乱的; 任意的
*Replace some part of the file with random data.
用随机数据替换该文件的某一部分。
*The information is processed in a random order.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
*Names were chosen at random from a list.
名字是从名单中随机选的。
【语块积累】
(1)random n. 随意; 随机
at random 胡乱地; 随机
(2)randomly adv. 随机地
(1)语法填空。
①He reads a great deal—but at random for pleasure.
②Because computers are precise instruments, they are not designed to think randomly(random).
(2)The list is arranged in a random order.
译: 名单排列不分先后。
2. subscribe vi. 同意; 捐赠; 订阅 vt. 签署(文件); 捐助
*All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
所有的科学家都赞同这种观点: 地球温度的升高是由燃烧化石燃料引起的。
*He subscribes regularly to Amnesty International.
他定期向大赦国际捐款。
*We use the iTunes Music Store to subscribe to the shows that we want to watch.
我们使用iTunes音乐商店订阅我们想看的节目。
【语块积累】
subscribe to. . . 同意/捐赠/订阅……
subscribe. . . to . . . 向……捐……
(1)Mr Smith subscribes a large quantity of money to charities every year.
史密斯先生每年向慈善机构捐一大笔钱。
(2)It was more than 10 years ago that I subscribed to Reader’s Digest.
我是十多年前订阅的《读者文摘》。
(3)The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
当局不再支持残疾人不适宜做教师的观点。
3. consequence n. 结果; 后果; 影响
*They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.
他们预言说, 变暖的情况不会很严重, 对环境的坏影响也不会太多。
*He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam.
= He studied hard, and as a consequence he passed the exam.
他努力学习, 因此通过了考试。
*In consequence of the removal of the new computer virus, the system was restored to its normal operation.
=As a consequence of the removal of the new computer virus, the system was restored to its normal operation.
由于清除了新的计算机病毒, 该系统恢复了正常运行。
*The rise in global temperature will result in unusual consequences.
全球气温上升将会导致异常的结果。
【语块积累】
(1)in consequence/as a consequence 结果
in consequence of/as a consequence of 因为……
(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的, 随之发生的
consequently=therefore adv. 所以; 因而, 因此
一样的“原因”和“结果”
(1)as a consequence 与as a result 同义, 意为“结果”, 可互换。
(2)as a consequence of 与 as a result of同义, 意为“由于……”, 表原因, 可互换。
(1)语法填空。
①Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently (consequent) he knows very little about it.
②He missed the last bus. In consequence, he had to walk home.
③I didn’t keep my promise. As a consequence, he doesn’t keep in touch with me any longer.
(2)句型转换。
①People suffered a lot of losses in consequence of the flood.
→People suffered a lot of losses as a consequence of the flood.
②In consequence, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
→As a consequence, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
4. state vt. 陈述; 说明
*The new law states that people mustn’t drive after drinking alcohol.
新法律规定人们酒后禁止开车。
*Just as the state of water is determined by the temperature, the state of one person’s life is determined by temperature of his heart. 正如水的状态是由温度决定的, 人生的状态是由自己心灵的温度决定的。
*Not all the people present at the meeting were opposed to what he stated.
不是所有出席会议的人都反对他所说的话。
【语块积累】
(1)state n. 状况; 国家; 州
in a state of. . . 处于……的状态
(2)statement n. 陈述, 声明
(1)语法填空。
①I’m not making excuses; I’m simply stating (state) a fact.
②According to his statement (state), children under 16 are not allowed to join the club.
(2)He was warned not to make any statements to the press about the incident.
他被警告不要向印刷媒体就该事件做任何声明。
(3)A gratitude journal is a great way to keep yourself in a positive state of mind.
感恩日记是让自己保持积极心态的好方法。
5. range n. 种类; 范围
*China adjusted import tariffs for a range of products starting from Jan. 1, 2020 to promote high-quality development of trade. 为推进贸易高质量发展, 中国自2020年1月1日起, 调整部分商品进口关税。
*It’s definitely out of range for most backpackers, myself included.
这对于背包客来说是很难承受的, 其中也包括我自己。
*He has had a quantity of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.
他做过许多不同的工作, 从厨师到游泳教练。
【语块积累】
(1)a wide range of 广泛的
beyond/out of one’s range 超出某人的能力范围
within the range of 在……范围之内
(2)range v. (在一定范围内)变动, 变化; 排列
range 在……之间变化
【巧学助记】图解记忆range
【熟词生义】
Our conversation ranged widely.
我们的谈话涉及的范围很广。 (vt. 涉及, 包含)
All the books are ranged on the shelf.
所有的书都排列在书架上。 (vt. 排列; 把……分类)
(2021·全国乙卷)And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude. 然后我意识到, 如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激的词汇, 事情会简单得多。
(1)语法填空。
①The exchange program between the UK and China may affect various schools ranging (range) from kindergarten to high school.
②Topics range from beauty to the risks of drinking.
(2)This restaurant has become popular for its wide range of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 因为有各种各样的食物来满足所有口味和消费阶层, 这家饭店已非常受欢迎。
(3)This was beyond the range of his experience.
这超出了他的阅历。
6. The air inside is warm because the glass traps the heat from the sun and keeps it from escaping. 里面的空气是温暖的, 因为玻璃困住了太阳散发的热量, 使热散不出去。
【句式解构】
(1)该句为主从复合句, because引导原因状语从句。
(2)句中“keeps it from escaping”为“keep. . . from doing sth. ”结构, 意为“阻止……做某事”。
*His house caught fire, because he went out but left the stove burning in the kitchen.
他的房子着火了, 因为他出去后厨房炉灶还在烧。
*We should keep children from playing too many games.
我们应防止孩子们玩太多游戏。
*I tried to keep my father from smoking, but failed.
我尽力劝阻爸爸吸烟, 但没成功。
(1)because除了引导原因状语从句, 还可以引导表语从句。主语往往是it, this, that。
(2)当主句主语是reason时, 表语从句用that引导, 不用because。
(3)keep. . . from doing sth. 中的from不可以省略; 但是在“stop/prevent. . . from doing sth. 中的from可以省略。
Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.
近朱者赤, 近墨者黑。
(1)Tom came late for the meeting. That was because he was ill.
汤姆开会迟到了, 那是因为他病了。
(2)That’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class.
那就是那节课他给我如此低的分数的原因。
(3)Embarrassment has kept me from doing all sorts of things.
我总是害怕受窘, 什么事都不敢去做。
(4)单句改错。
①The reason why I was late for school was because my alarm clock went wrong. (将because改为that)
②The heavy rain kept me attending Mary’s birthday party last night. (在me后加上from)
7. This makes the greenhouse heat up and so the plants can grow throughout the cold period.
这使得温室变暖, 因此作物能在寒冷的时候生长。
【句式解构】
(1)该句为and连接的并列句。
(2)句中“makes the greenhouse heat up”为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。该结构中宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式和过去分词等充当。
*I’m looking for a job which will make me develop my talents fully.
我在找一份能充分发挥我的才能的工作。
*Can you make yourself understood in Russian
你能用俄语表达你的意思吗
*At the class meeting, we all made Lin Tao monitor of our class. 班会上我们都选林涛当班长。
*We should make the quality of our products even better.
我们要使产品质量更上一层楼。
*He made it clear that he objected. 他明确表示反对。
【语块积累】
(1)make sb. do sth. (迫) 使某人做某事
(2)make sb. /sth. +形容词/副词 使……处于某种状态
(3)make sb. /sth. +名词 使……成为……; 让……当……
(4)make oneself/sth. done使某人自己/某事被……
“make+名词/代词+省略to的动词不定式”意为“让某人做某事”。但要注意, 此结构在被动语态中, 原来不带to的动词不定式要变成带to的动词不定式。
【知识延伸】
(1)make+it(形式宾语)+形容词/名词+that宾语从句
make+it(形式宾语)+形容词/名词+(for sb. ) to do不定式作宾语
make+it(形式宾语)+no good/no use . . . +doing sth. 作宾语
(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有: think, consider, find, feel。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.
始终让你的演讲比预期的简短一点。
What makes life dreary is the want of motive. —George Eliot
没有了目的, 生活便郁闷无光。——乔治·艾略特
(1)The news that our team had won made us very happy.
我们队获胜的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
(2)We made him captain of our football team.
我们推选他当我们的足球队队长。
(3)Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
保罗不需要被逼着学习。他一直学习很努力。
(4)She couldn’t make herself heard above the noise of the traffic. 车辆噪音很大, 她无法让人听到她的声音。
(5)People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
西方国家的人习惯给亲朋好友买圣诞礼物。
(6)Mastering the technology makes it possible that we can use the Internet more effectively.
精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。
1. While many industries have been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese partners of DTS have been working hard to maintain steady growth during the pandemic.
在许多行业受到新冠肺炎疫情冲击的情况下, DTS中方合作伙伴一直在努力保持疫情期间的稳定增长。
2. Most of the electric buses are charged overnight for two hours and then they can run their entire service, as the range of the bus is 200km per charge.
对大多数电动公交车来说, 在晚上充电两小时, 就能支持第二天的运营全程, 因为每次充电的续航里程是200千米。
3. The Moon’s far side, or dark side, is not visible from the Earth due to a phenomenon called tidal locking.
由于潮汐锁定现象, 月球遥远的一面, 或者说黑暗的一面, 在地球上是看不到的。
4. It is the reform and opening-up that has resulted in a great leap forward in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
是改革开放促进了中国特色社会主义事业的伟大飞跃。
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. The new light bulbs consume (消耗) less electricity. As a result, they have saved large quantities(数量) of energy for us.
2. He stated (说明) that even if they were opposed (反对) to the project, he would stick to it.
3. I have subscribed (订购) to a magazine that covers a wide range (种类) of topics.
4. He is firm and steady (稳当的) and above all he is a mild (温和的) man who never shouts.
5. The mother glanced (扫视) over her son’s room and found that everything was put in a random (胡乱的) order.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. The accident that resulted in the death of two passengers resulted from careless driving.
2. To our relief, our economy is developing steadily(steady).
3. For such an important problem, we shouldn’t decide it randomly(random).
4. How did it come about that he knew where we were
5. I subscribe to a number of journals concerned with my subject.
6. Keep on going(go) till you come to a red brick building.
7. Large quantities of energy from the sun are(be) being taken with modern equipment now.
8. We must take all possible measures to tend(tend) to improve working conditions.
9. Thousands and thousands of people attended the president’s ceremony, with ages ranging(rang) from 5 to 100.
10. There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the true value of the project.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Similarly, with living standards improving, people tend to provide their children with material comforts.
同样, 随着生活水平的提高, 人们倾向于给孩子提供物质享受。
2. There is no doubt that we can both relax ourselves and know the true meaning of life by watching movies.
毫无疑问, 我们通过看电影既可以放松自己又能知道生活的真正意义。
3. This greatly affects their health and makes their parents and teachers concerned.
这极大地影响了他们的健康, 使他们的父母和老师担心。
4. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.
她说这些睡前活动会让孩子们兴奋起来, 让他们很难平静下来睡觉。
5. There is some doubt whether he can solve the problem independently. 他是否能独立解决这个问题还有些疑问。
6. The heavy rain kept us from carrying out the plan on time.
大雨使我们不能按时实施计划。
7. It was through the Internet that they kept in touch with each other.
他们彼此正是通过互联网保持联系。
8. Even though it was raining, they kept on working until it was finished.
尽管下着雨, 他们还是继续工作, 直至完成。
Ⅳ. 课文短文改错
Compared to other natural changes, the temperature of the earth is rising rapid. All scientists subscribe the view which the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, which is mostly carbon dioxide. When huge quantity of extra carbon dioxide are steadily added to the atmosphere, more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere caused the global temperature to go up.
The attitudes of scientists towards this rise are different. Some think that the trend which increases the temperature would be the catastrophe. Others are opposed with this view, advocating that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequence. All in all, greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
答案:
1. 【解析】第一句rapid改为rapidly。此处修饰动词, 故用副词形式。
2. 【解析】第二句subscribe后加to。构成固定短语, 意为“同意”。
3. 【解析】第二句which改为that。分析句式, 可知此处为同位语从句, 且从句中不缺成分, 故用that引导。
4. 【解析】第三句is改为are。此处为定语从句, 其谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定, 先行词“greenhouse” gases是复数, 故用are。
5. 【解析】第四句quantity改为quantities。前面没有不定冠词, quantity要用复数形式, huge quantities of表示大量的。
6. 【解析】第四句caused改为causing。分析句式和句意, cause在此句中作结果状语, 主语与cause之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用v. -ing形式。
7. 【解析】第六句中第三个the改为a。此处表示泛指概念, 不是特指, 故用不定冠词。
8. 【解析】第七句中第一个with改为to。此处为固定短语be opposed to, 意为“反对”。
9. 【解析】第七句中consequence改为consequences。consequence是可数名词, 前面被few修饰, 故用复数形式。
10. 【解析】第九句中第二个the删除。此处other表示“其他的”, 作定语修饰名词, 不用冠词。
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27Unit 4 Global warming
【导语】《拯救世界》是由迈克尔·杰克逊演唱的一首流行歌曲。人类在破坏地球环境的同时, 也在毁灭着自己, 要拯救人类自己的生命, 唯一的途径就是拯救地球。
注: 听音填空
Heal the World
①There’s a place in your heart
And I know that it is love
And this place could be much
brighter than tomorrow
And if you really try
You’ll find there’s no need to cry
In this place you’ll feel
There’s ②no hurt or sorrow
There are ways to get there
If you care enough for the living
Make a little space
Make a better place . . .
Heal the world
Make it a better place
For you and for me
And the entire human race
There are people dying
If you care enough for the living
Make it a better place
For you and for me
If you want to know why
There’s love that cannot lie
Love is strong
It only ③cares of joyful giving
If we try we shall see
In this bliss
We cannot feel fear or dread
We ④stop existing and start living
Then it feels that always
⑤Love’s enough for us growing
So make a better world
Make a better world. . .
Heal the world
Make it a better place
For you and for me
And the entire human race
There are people dying
If you care enough for the living
Make a better place for you and for me
巧辨略读
1. 爆破音和爆破音相邻, 第一个爆破音只形成阻碍, 但不发生爆破, 称为失爆; 爆破音和其他辅音相邻, 该爆破音不完全爆破。这两种现象简称为“略读”。
2. 爆破音有以下几个: [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [ ], 大部分单词在单词内爆破, 也有一些在句子内爆破。例如: get～there need～to stop～them
【即时训练】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)听音频回答问题, 并辨别对话中的略读。
1. What will the woman do this afternoon
A. Do some exercise.
B. Go shopping.
C. Wash her clothes.
2. How much more does David need for the car
A. $5, 000. B. $20, 000.
C. $25, 000.
答案: 1、2. BA
【听力原文】
Text 1
M: Let’s go for a nice walk into the country this afternoon.
W: I certainly could enjoy the exercise, but I’ve agreed to go with Alice to buy some clothes.
Text 2
W: David, have you saved enough for the car
M: I have $20, 000 now, and the car costs$25, 000. My parents said they would like to help, but I don’t want to use their money.
译文:
《拯救世界》
在你内心存在一片净土,
我知道那里充满了爱,
这片净土所散发的光芒愈发灿烂,
倘若你真的努力过, 你会发觉不必为此哭泣, 在这片净土上, 你感受不到伤痛或悲伤, 抵达这片净土的方式灿若繁星,
倘使你真心关怀生命, 为彼此创造些许空间, 缔造一个愈加美好的天地……
拯救这世界, 使其愈发美好, 为你, 亦为我, 更为全人类,
不断有人奄奄一息,
倘若你由衷关心生灵, 那就营造一个愈发美好的天地, 因你, 亦因我
若是你知晓这一切的缘由, 皆因爱不曾欺骗, 坚不可摧的爱, 爱皆是不求回报的付出
倘若尝试分享自己的爱, 我们皆会明了, 在爱的福祉, 丝毫感受不到忌惮与畏惧
我们不仅只因生存, 更因生活, 使爱长存, 爱令我们不断成长
缔造更佳世界, 创建怡然地球……治愈世界, 缔造更佳世界
为你, 亦为我, 皆为全人类, 时常有人濒临死亡, 倘若你真心关怀生者, 因你, 亦因我创造一个愈发美好的天地
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