Unit 5 The power of nature Learning about Language
动词-ing形式作状语
用所给动词的适当形式填写下面的句子并体会它们的共同特征。
1. Having worked(work)hard all day, I went to bed early.
2. Having collected(collect)special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.
3. Looking (look)carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.
4. Having studied (study) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty.
一、动词-ing的基本形式
分 类 主动形式 被动形式 否定形式
一般式 doing being done not doingnot being done
完成式 having done having been done not having donenot having been done
1. 动词-ing的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
*(2021·全国甲卷)Weaving among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. 我在那些踩着滑板匆匆走过的孩子们中间穿行, 找到了通往横梁的路。
*Hearing the news, they immediately set off in spite of the rain. 听到这个消息, 尽管下着雨, 他们还是立即出发了。
2. 动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
*Having cleaned the rooms, we began to weed the garden.
打扫完房间, 我们开始在花园里除草。
3. 动词-ing的被动式表示该动作与句子主语之间是被动关系。
*Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldn’t get there on time. 她被交通堵塞耽搁了, 无法准时到达那里。
4. 动词-ing的否定式是在动词-ing的前边加not。
*Not having received his reply, I telephoned him.
没有收到他的答复, 我给他打了电话。
动词-ing一般式的被动语态(being done)表示动作正在被进行, 在句中一般作定语或宾语补足语, 较少作状语。
用所给词的适当形式填空。
(1)Not knowing(know) his address, I can’t write to him.
(2)Not having been repaired (repair) for a long time, the machine gave out a strange noise.
(3) Having been bitten (bite)by a snake, she was frightened at it.
二、动词-ing作状语的基本用法
1. 表示时间。
动词-ing作时间状语, 其作用相当于when, while, after等引导的时间状语从句。
*Hearing their teacher’s voice(= When they heard their teacher’s voice), the pupils stopped talking at once.
一听到老师的声音, 学生们立即停止了讲话。
*Having finished his homework (=After he finished his homework), the boy was allowed to watch TV.
完成作业以后, 男孩被允许看电视。
2. 表示原因。
动词-ing作原因状语, 其作用相当于because, as, since等引导的原因状语从句。
*Being ill (=Because he was ill), he didn’t go to school yesterday. 因为生病, 所以他昨天没去上学。
*Having lived in the city for many years(=Since I had lived in the city for many years), I knew it well.
因为在这个城市住了多年, 所以我对它很了解。
3. 表示条件。
动词-ing作条件状语, 其作用相当于if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句。
*Not making good use of the time(=If you don’t make good use of the time), you’ll regret. 如果不好好利用时间, 你会后悔的。
*Working hard(=If you work hard), you will pass the exam.
你如果努力学习, 就会通过考试。
4. 表示让步。
动词-ing作让步状语, 其作用相当于although, though, no matter when/where/how/who等引导的让步状语从句。
*Having been married for fifty years (=Though they have been married for fifty years), they still love each other passionately.
虽然他们结婚五十年了, 他们仍然深深地爱着对方。
5. 表示伴随或方式。
动词-ing形式作伴随或方式状语, 说明动作发生的背景或情况。它表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生。作伴随或方式的动词-ing短语相当于and连接的并列成分。
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.
使用表情符号可以增加幽默和情感, 使意图表达明确。
*They walked home, singing and dancing(=and they sang and danced). 他们唱着, 跳着走回了家。
*She came into the room, carrying a lot of books(= and she carried a lot of books). 她抱着许多书走进了房间。
6. 表示结果。
动词-ing形式作结果状语, 表示一种自然的结果, 常常位于句末, 其作用相当于and连接的并列成分。
*His father died three years ago, leaving him a great deal of money. 他的父亲三年前死了, 留给他许多钱。
动词-ing形式作结果状语通常表示一种自然的结果, 即属于意料之中的事; 不定式作结果状语主要表示没有预料到的情况或结果, 即属于意料之外的事, 不定式一般与only, never等副词连用。
*He hurried to the bus station, only to find that the bus had gone. 他匆忙地赶往车站, 结果发现车已经走了。
(1)句型转换。
①Though I had made up my mind to study, I still wanted to play.
→Having made up my mind to study, I still wanted to play.
② When I heard the result, I couldn’t help jumping.
→Hearing the result, I couldn’t help jumping.
③People from all over the world came to Qing Dao, which made it very crowded.
→People from all over the world came to Qing Dao, making it very crowded.
(2)改错。
①Prepared the computer competition quite well, he won the first prize. (Prepared→Having prepared)
② Go straight down the street, you will find our school on the right. (Go→Going 或you 前加 and)
③The big fire lasted nearly a month, to leave nothing valuable. (to leave→leaving)
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. (say→saying)
三、动词-ing作状语的注意点
1. 动词-ing形式作状语时, 在其前可以加上when, while, until, once, though, although, unless, even if/even though等, 表示更加明确的含义。有时这类结构也可视作状语从句的省略。
*Be careful when/while crossing the street. 过街道时要小心。
*Although working hard, he failed again this time.
他虽然努力学习, 但这次又失败了。
*If listening to English every day, you’ll learn it well step by step. 如果你每天听英语, 你会一步一步把它学好。
2. 动词-ing形式作状语时, 其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致。
*Hearing his father’s voice, the boy turned off the TV set at once. 听到他爸爸的声音, 男孩立即关了电视。(Hearing的逻辑主语是the boy)
*Having driven all day, we were very tired. 开了一整天的车, 我们很累。(having driven的逻辑主语是we. )
但是有时动词-ing前可有一个名词或代词表示它逻辑上的主语, 这种带逻辑主语的现在分词称为独立主格结构。它同动词-ing一样, 在句中作状语。
*The meeting being over, we went to play football.
会议一结束, 我们就去踢足球了。
*She being ill, her mother had to look after her at home.
她生病了, 她的妈妈不得不在家照顾她。
3. 有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响, 表明说话者的态度、观点等, 被称为评论性状语。常见的这类独立成分有:
generally speaking 一般说来
frankly speaking 坦率地说
judging from/by 根据……来判断
considering. . . /taking. . . into consideration考虑到
according to. . . 根据……
判断正误。
(1)我看着晚报的时候, 一只狗开始叫起来。
a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. (×)
b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking. (√)
(2)听到这个消息, 她的眼泪忍不住流下来。
a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. (×)
b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. (√)
(3)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)According to the research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step. 根据研究, 跑步者每跑一步着地的重量是自己体重的四倍。
(4)While/When preparing for the English speech contest, I found it challenging to collect information.
为英语演讲比赛做准备时, 我发现收集信息具有挑战性。
Ⅰ. 句型转换
1. When you are walking the dog, you can not be too careful.
→Walking the dog, you can not be too careful.
2. Follow my advice, and you will be benefited from it.
→Following my advice, you will be benefited from it.
3. Because he has suffered from heart trouble for years, he has to take medicine all the time.
→Having suffered from heart trouble for years, he has to take medicine all the time.
4. Although I have failed many times, I am still full of confidence.
→Having failed many times, I am still full of confidence.
5. He overslept yesterday, which resulted in his being late for work.
→He overslept yesterday, resulting in his being late for work.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1. Not knowing what to do, so I asked my teacher for advice. (去掉so)
2. General speaking, women live longer than men. (General→Generally)
3. One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. (have→having)
4. Appointing as the headmaster, he felt very happy. (Appointing→Appointed)
5. When heard the funny joke, we burst out laughing. (heard→hearing)
6. Weather permits, we can have a picnic in the open air. (permits→permitting)
7. Work hard, you will be promoted quickly. (Work→Working或 you前加and)
8. Living abroad for many years, he has adapted to the life there. (Living→Having lived)
9. He has a number of interests, ranged from playing chess to swimming. (ranged→ranging)
10. Having accustomed to the climate here, my leg is much more comfortable now. (Having accustomed →Having been accustomed)
根据提示, 综合运用本课时语法知识完成下列语段翻译。
1. 大学毕业后, 我决定去北京旅行。(动词-ing作时间状语)
2. 坦率地说, 这是一个拓展视野的好机会。(动词-ing作独立成分)
3. 然而, 这是我的第一次独自旅行, 我有点不安。(独立主格结构)
4. 尽管感到很担心, 我最后还是出发了。(状语从句的省略)
5. 旅程第一天, 大雨滂沱, 结果我只能一整天待在旅店里。(动词-ing作结果状语)
6. 不管怎样, 回顾这次旅程, 我感到很骄傲。(动词-ing作时间状语)
Having graduated from university, I made up my mind to travel to Beijing. Frankly speaking, this is a good opportunity to broaden my horizons. However, this being my first trip by myself, I felt a bit anxious. Although feeling very worried, I set off at last. On the first day of the trip, it rained heavily, making me stay at the hotel all day. Anyway, looking back on this trip, I felt very proud.
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7Unit 5 The power of nature Using Language
Ⅰ. 根据语境用方框内单词的正确形式填空
candidate; typhoon; precious; shoot; tremble; anxious; panic; glance; vary; diverse
1. Three people were shot dead during the robbery.
2. The candidate must have good communication skills.
3. On seeing the terrible sight, she trembled with fear.
4. My parents seemed anxious about my future.
5. It was the strongest typhoon to hit Hainan since 2005.
6. The reason why you get into a panic is that you haven’t been well prepared for what’s going to happen.
7. I think nothing is more precious than health.
8. After the teacher handed out the paper, he glanced through it quickly.
9. The ages of the students vary from 5 to 7.
10. We should think of diverse ways to solve the problem.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用恰当的短语完成句子
1. The tree in front of our classroom is more than 20 metres in height(在高度上).
2. The land is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. 这片区域是多种多样的稀有动植物的生长地。
3. Wishes vary from person to person(因人而异).
4. Can you give me your guarantee(给我保证)that the goods will be delivered before Friday
5. The blind boy has a gift for(在……有天赋) music.
6. The girl became pregnant and later gave birth to(生产) a handsome boy.
7. When she picked up(拿起) the fruit to smell it, it flew into her mouth.
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers. 这些珍稀动物中有鹤、黑熊、豹子和老虎。
2. They were bathing in Tianchi when a bird flew above them.
她们正在天池里洗澡, 这时一只小鸟飞到她们的上方。
3. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先, 具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。
4. Don’t forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.
别忘了许个愿望, 以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、持久。
框架宏观建构: 整体理解
文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)Changbaishan is China’s largest .
A. botanical garden B. man-made park
C. nature reserve D. natural animal reserve
(2)Tianchi has formed on top of the mountain.
A. during the earthquake
B. during the hurricane
C. during the storm
D. in the crater of a dead volcano
(3)Which of the following statements is NOT right about Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven
A. Tianchi is surrounded by sixteen mountain peaks.
B. People go bathing in Tianchi in winter.
C. Tianchi is deep.
D. The water in Tianchi is very clear.
答案: (1)～(3) CDB
(4)What’s a nature reserve Why is Changbaishan a famous nature reserve
A nature reserve is a place which is kept in its natural state. I think Changbaishan is a famous nature reserve. Much of this beautiful, mountainous area is thick forest. The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2, 000 metres. You will find a great diversity of plants and animals among which are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers.
2. 根据文章内容完成空格。
The Lake of Heaven
The introduction of Changbaishan ◆It is China’s (1)largest nature reserve. ◆The land varies in (2)height and is home to a great (3)diversity of rare plants and animals. ◆The greatest (4)appreciation in the reserve is Tianchi.
The introduction of Tianchi It’s a deep lake that has (5)formed in the crater of a dead volcano on top of the mountain where visitors can enjoy not only its clear (6)waters, but also the view of the other sixteen mountain (7) peaks surrounding it.
Stories about Tianchi The youngest of the three young women from heaven who were (8)bathing in Tianchi gave (9)birth to a boy who is said to be the father of the Manchu people.
Suggestion Visitors who visit the Lake of Heaven with the loved ones should make a (10)wish to guarantee their love will be deep and lasting.
3. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文: 到达(山顶)后, 你不仅可以看见它清澈的水, 而且能看到天池周围其他16座山峰。
译文: 如果你有幸和你的爱人一起游览天池, 不要忘了许愿, 以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样幽深而长久。
阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。
What is the connection between the Manchu people and Tianchi
An old story goes that three young women from heaven were bathing in Tianchi and one of them gave birth to a boy because of swallowing a fruit, who is said to be the father of Manchu people.
2. 结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型, 根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文。
(1)长白山是中国最大的自然保护区, 是多种多样(diversity)稀有动植物的生长地。
(2)天池是长白山自然保护区最吸引人(arouse appreciation)的地方, 它位于长白山的山顶。
(3)这里碧水蓝天, 风景优美。据说, 天池还与满族人的祖先有关。
Changbaishan is China’s largest nature reserve and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
In the reserve Tianchi, which is on top of Changbaishan, is the attraction that arouses greatest appreciation. With clear water and blue sky, it is very beautiful. It is said that Tianchi has something to do with the father of Manchu people.
1. anxious adj. 忧虑的; 不安的
*The patient who was infected started feeling anxious, panicked, angry, and helpless.
被感染的病人开始感觉焦急, 惊慌, 愤怒和无助。
*We were anxious about the safety of the sailors because of the huge waves. 由于浪大, 我们担心船员们的安全。
*She waited for the coming news with anxiety/anxiously.
她不安地等待着即将来临的消息。
*His parents were anxious to leave and couldn’t hide their anxiety. 他的父母急于离开, 无法掩饰他们的焦虑。
【语块积累】
(1)be anxious to do sth. 急于做……
be anxious about 担心/忧虑……
be anxious for sb. to do sth. 急于让某人做……
be anxious that. . . 急切希望……(that从句用虚拟语气, 即should+动词原形, 其中should可以省略)
(2)anxiety n. 担心; 焦虑; 渴望
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地
【熟词生义】
We are all anxious for peace. 我们都渴望和平。 (adj. 渴望的)
【知识延伸】
“渴望”的不同表达方式:
1. long to do /for sth.
2. desire to do/for sth.
3. be eager to do /for sth.
4. be thirsty to do/for sth.
5. be dying to do/for sth.
(2020·浙江高考)We are really concerned and anxious to learn about your updates. 我们真的很关心你并渴望得知你的最新消息。
(1)语法填空
①Don’t be anxious about his safety. He is no longer a child.
②All the participants were anxious to know (know) the result of the test.
③His parents were anxious to leave and couldn’t hide their anxiety(anxious).
(2)We were anxious that there (should) be no misunderstanding. 我们希望没有误解。
2. guarantee vt. 保证; 担保 n. 保证; 保证书
*Even if you complete your training, I can’t guarantee you a job. 即使你接受完培训, 我也不能担保你会有工作。
*The car is less than a year old, so it is still under guarantee.
这辆汽车用了还不满一年, 因此仍在保修期内。
*Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time 你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗
【语块积累】
(1)guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事
guarantee to do sth. /that. . . 保证/担保做某事; 确保……
guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保证/担保某事
(2)give sb. a guarantee that. . . 向某人保证……
under guarantee 在保修期内
【即学活用】语法填空。
(1)The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee.
(2)Going out with friends is guaranteed(guarantee) to cheer you up, especially when you are in low spirits.
(3)We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to succeed(succeed) in the end.
3. vary from. . . to. . . 由……到……不等
*The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2, 000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. 这里地面的高度由海拔700米到2 000多米不等, 是多种多样的稀有动植物的生长地。
*These sweaters vary in size. 这些毛衣有各种不同的尺寸。
*I like reading very much, especially the story books varying from Chinese stories to English stories.
我非常喜欢阅读, 特别是从中国故事到英语故事的故事书。
*Prices of fruit and vegetables often vary with the season.
水果和蔬菜的价格常随季节而变化。
*Malaysia, a multiracial and multicultural country, is famous for its varieties of food.
马来西亚是一个多种族和多文化的国家, 因多种多样的美食而闻名。
* For a variety of reasons, I’d prefer not to meet him.
由于各种原因, 我不愿见他。
*We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.
我们会有不同的方式处理这种情况。
【语块积累】
(1)vary in sth. 在……方面不同, 有差异
vary in size/colour 大小/颜色不一样
vary from 和……不同
vary with. . . 随……而变化
vary between. . . and. . . /from. . . to. . .
由……到……情况不等; 在……到……之间变动
(2)variety n. 品种, 多样化
a variety of=varieties of 各种各样的
(3)various adj. 各种各样的, 各种不同的
(2020·天津高考)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. 餐厅可以提供音乐和菜单上的各种食物选择, 让顾客更多地控制他们用餐的氛围。
(1)语法填空。
①The supermarket provides a variety (various) of vegetables for the local people.
②A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various(variety) parts of the world.
③These fish vary in weight from 3 pounds to 5 pounds.
④The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages vary (vary) from 10 to 15.
(2)Opinions on the matter vary from person to person.
对这件事的看法因人而异。
4. appreciation n. 欣赏; 感激; 感谢
*However, the attraction that arouses the greatest appreciation in the reserve is Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.
然而保护区最具吸引力的地方是天池, 或者说是天堂湖。
*Here I sincerely express my appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase.
如果你能帮忙找到丢失的手提箱, 我将在这儿真诚地表达我的感激之情。
*I appreciate being given the opportunity to work in your company. 我很感激给我这次机会在你的公司工作。
*We would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our English.
如果你给我们一些有关如何提高英语的建议我们将不胜感激。
【语块积累】
(1)in appreciation of 作为对……的感谢; 为感谢……
express one’s appreciation for 因……表示感谢
(2)appreciate vt. 感谢; 感激; 欣赏
appreciate (one’s) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
appreciate it + if/when从句 如果……, 不胜感激
【熟词生义】
You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你们应该更多关注我所居住的热带雨林, 并懂得动物们是如何在一起生活的。
(v. 理解, 领会)
“感激某人”不能说: appreciate sb. 可以说: be grateful to sb.
【知识延伸】
英语中部分动词特别是表示“好恶”的动词, 后面应先跟it, 然后再接if/when引导的宾语从句。常用动词有: like, love, enjoy, feel like, hate, dislike, don’t mind, can’t help等。
I like it when she sings me a song.
我喜欢她为我唱歌。
I hate it if/when people talk with their mouths full.
我讨厌人们满嘴嚼着东西说话。
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
他15岁的儿子曾上过艺术鉴赏课, 他觉得有个小女孩坐在花园椅子上的那幅画有些不寻常。
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.
我理解了她的好意, 感激地吃了妈妈提供的所有食物。
(1)He expressed his appreciation for their help.
他对他们的帮助表示了感谢。
(2)The prize was given in appreciation of the contribution made by the school under his leadership.
这个奖是为感谢他领导的学校所做的贡献而颁发的。
(3)The surviving patients appreciated being given a second life. 幸存的病人感激被给予第二次生命。
(4)I would appreciate it if you could arrange this for us.
如果你能替我们安排这事, 我将非常感激。
(5)改错
We really appreciate when she would offer to help. (在appreciate后加it)
5. pick up 拾起, 捡起; 接某人; (偶然)学会, 得到
*Customers can pick up whatever he or she wants with just a smartphone, via Alipay or WeChat Pay—no cash or credit cards needed. 顾客可以在手机上通过支付宝或者微信支付来购买任何自己想要的东西——无需使用现金或信用卡。
*I’d appreciate it if you can pick up my sister at four o’clock at the airport.
如果你能四点钟在机场接我妹妹, 我将不胜感激。
*She picked up a lot of information from her friend.
她偶然从朋友处得到许多信息。
【导图理词】 pick up的意义
【知识延伸】
pick out 挑出, 辨别出; 理解
pick one’s pocket 扒窃; 掏包
根据语境猜测黑体部分的意义。
(1)The school bus picks up the children three times every day. (用车接)
(2)The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite. (接收)
(3)He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris. (学会)
(4)My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days. (逐渐恢复)
(5)The twin sisters were shopping on Women’s Day and managed to pick up bags of bargains. (买到)
【补偿训练】
(1)She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job. 她从几十个求职者中被选中承担这项工作。
(2)On the way home, he found his pocket picked (pick) .
6. Hearing a scream, I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests.
听到尖叫声, 我冲下楼去, 结果发现女主人躺在地板上已失去了知觉, 客人们围着她。
【句式解构】
*Hearing the news that the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge had come into use, we became very excited.
听到港珠澳大桥通车的消息后, 我们非常激动。
*I hurried to the classroom, only to find nobody was in.
我急忙赶到教室, 结果发现没人。
*When I came in, I found him lying in bed.
我进来时发现他躺在床上。
*Every doctor stood there silently, moved to tears.
每一位医生都静静地站在那里, 被感动得热泪盈眶。
形式不同, “结果”不同
(1)only后跟不定式作结果状语, 表示意料之外的结果。
(2)现在分词作结果状语, 表示自然而然的结果。
(1)Thinking of my poor sister, I can’t help crying.
想起我可怜的姐姐, 我禁不住哭了。
(2)She took the dress out and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.
她把裙子拿出来试穿了一下, 结果发现大小不合适。
(3)When I passed by, I saw him playing computer games.
当我从旁边经过时, 看见他正在玩电脑游戏。
(4)A few years ago a terrible earthquake happened in Japan, causing thousands of deaths.
几年前日本发生了一场大地震, 造成了成千上万人死亡。
(5)The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students. 老师进入教室, 后面跟着他的学生。
7. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先, 他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
【句式解构】
(1)该句为主从复合句。It是形式主语, that引导的从句为真正的主语; 另外, 主语从句中含有who引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词this boy。
(2)It is said that. . . 意为“据说……”; have a gift for意为“有……的天赋”, 是固定短语。
*It is said that he has been appointed as dean of the English Department.
据说他被任命为英语系主任。
*It is said that the new mayor will come into power next month. 据说新市长下个月将上任。
*It is believed that hard work can lead to success.
人们相信努力就会成功。
*It is known to all that the earth travels around the sun.
众所周知, 地球围着太阳转。
*The girl has a gift for art. 这个女孩有艺术天赋。
【语块积累】
(1)It is said/believed/reported/thought/supposed/hoped/expected that. . .
据说/相信/报道/认为/推断/希望/预计……
(2)People believe/think/suppose/hope/expect that. . .
人们相信/认为/推断/希望/预计……
(3)It is known (to all) that. . . 众所周知……
It is said that. . . 为“It is + 过去分词 + that 从句”结构, 此结构可转换为: Sb. is said to do sth. , 但是hope, suggest不可用于此结构。不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
(1)语法填空。
①He is thought to have acted(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
②Carbon dioxide is said to be heating(heat) the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
③It is hoped(hope) that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
(2)据说几天前她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。
It is said that she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.
→She is said to have written a report about wildlife protection the other day.
【要点拾遗】
1. unconscious adj. 失去知觉的; 未察觉的
*By the time ambulance men arrived, he had been unconscious.
救护人员到达时, 他已经不省人事了。
* He is unconscious of having made a serious error.
他未察觉到已犯了严重的错误。
*Only after the incident happened was I conscious of his unfriendliness. 在事故发生以后, 我才意识到他的不友好。
【语块积累】
(1)be unconscious of sth. /doing sth.
未意识到(做)某事
(2)unconsciously adv. 无意识地, 不知不觉地
(3)conscious adj. 有意识的, 有意的
be conscious of 意识到
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
Mike was badly injured and still unconscious after the terrible accident, but his wife was conscious and could smile to us consciously. (conscious)
(2)Local people were unconscious of the consequences of the matter.
当地居民没有意识到这件事的后果。
2. shoot vt. 射中; 射伤
*She was shot. 她被击中了。
*He was about to shoot at the bird when he heard a scream. 他正要射击这只鸟, 这时他听到了一声尖叫。
*He should have shot instead of passing.
他本该射门, 不该传球。
*People cannot shoot animals here, but they can take photos of animals.
人们不能在这里射杀动物, 但他们可以给动物拍照。
*The trees put forth new shoots in spring.
春天树都长出新枝。
【语块积累】
shoot at 向……射击/开枪
shoot sb. in the leg/head etc. 打中某人的腿/头等
【巧学助记】 巧辨shoot与shoot at
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The gun shots had scared the dog off.
枪声把狗吓跑了。
(1)The hunter shot at the wolf in the distance, but didn’t shoot it.
猎人向远处的狼射去, 但没射中。
(2)The person who shot the elephant in the circus was thrown into prison.
在马戏团里射杀大象的人被扔进了监狱。
3. tremble vi. 摇晃; 摇动; 颤抖
*I was trembling as much as the ground—and was sweating too!
我就如同脚下的大地一样在颤抖, 还汗流浃背!
*It was so cold that they were trembling with cold, some even falling to the ground.
天太冷了, 他们都冻得发抖, 有些甚至倒在地上。
* She trembled for her daughter’s safety.
她为女儿的安全而焦虑不安。
【语块积累】
tremble with 因……而发抖
tremble for 为……担忧
【易混辨析】
tremble 多用于人或人的声音, 指因寒冷、惊恐等而发抖、战栗。
shake 多指人或物自主或不自主地抖动、摇动, 未必有规律。
(2021·浙江高考)I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only dry part of my tent.
我不得不在帐篷唯一干燥的地方哆嗦着度过余下的夜晚。
语法填空。
(1) His body was trembling with anger.
(2)She is trembling for the safety of her parents.
【补偿训练】
(1)At the first sight of the snake, she trembled with fear.
一看到蛇, 她吓得发抖。
(2)Shake the bottle before you open it.
打开瓶子之前先摇一摇。
4. panic vi. &vt. 惊慌 n. 惊慌; 恐慌
*I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我很紧张, 不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
*The banks were panicked into selling dollars.
银行惊恐地抛售美元。
*She got into a panic when she thought she’d lost the documents.
当她以为自己丢失了文件时, 她陷入了惊慌。
【语块积累】
(1)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
(2) get into a panic 陷入恐慌(动作)
in (a) panic 陷入恐慌(状态); 惊慌失措地
小心panic的变形
panic的过去式及过去分词为panicked, panicked; 现在分词为panicking。
语法填空。
(1) I got into a panic when I found the door was locked.
(2)After hearing the news, the crowd ran out in a panic.
(3)He panicked (panic) and ran five blocks to the local fire station.
5. glance through 匆匆看一遍
*Glance through these questions. 浏览一遍这些问题。
*I glanced at the stranger when passing by.
当经过时, 我瞥了一眼那个陌生人。
*Your suit looks very beautiful at first glance.
乍看之下, 你的套装很美。
【语块积累】
(1)glance at 看一下
glance over 粗略一看
(2)at a glance=at first glance 乍一看, 乍看之下
give/take a glance at 对……匆匆一看
(1)At first glance, the problem is not very serious.
乍看之下, 问题不是很严重。
(2)When Mary walked in, she didn’t so much as glance at/take a glance at me, which angered me.
玛丽进门时, 连看我一眼都没有, 这使我很生气。
6. Having swallowed the fruit, the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy.
姑娘吞咽了这个果子, 后来就怀了孕。过了一段时间, 她生下了一个英俊的男孩。
【句式解构】
(1)本句为简单句。Having swallowed the fruit是现在分词完成式短语作时间状语。
(2)现在分词的完成式表示该动作发生在句子谓语动作之前; give birth to是固定短语, 意为“生, 生产”。
*Having eaten at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
之前在那个餐馆吃过, 蒂娜不想再去那里吃东西了。
*Having been scolded by his boss, he seemed unhappy.
受到老板的责备, 他似乎不高兴。
*She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.
她生了个漂亮健康的婴儿。
(1)Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.
因为到过那里很多次, 所以他主动提出当我们的向导。
(2)Having been told several times, he still made the same mistake.
尽管已经被告知几次了, 但他仍然犯了同样的错误。
(3)Jane’s mother has just given birth to twins.
简的妈妈刚刚生了一对双胞胎。
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达
1. 表示喜悦
I became so excited that you had won the first place.
你赢得第一名我非常兴奋。
I am looking forward to your coming. 我期待你的到来。
Perfect! 完美!
I had never felt so happy as I was admitted to a key university.
我从来没这么高兴过, 因为我被一所重点大学录取。
I can’t wait to share my pleasure with you.
我迫不及待地和你分享我的乐趣。
You did a good job. 你做得好。
2. 表示恐惧
I am frightened at the big waves. 我害怕巨浪。
I am trembling with fear. 我害怕得直发抖。
I was never so frightened by the strong wind.
我从未如此害怕过强风。
I was so terrified that I ran as fast as possible till I found I was in my office. 我太害怕了, 以至于我尽可能快地跑, 直到我发现自己在办公室。
I kept on sweating when seeing the terrible sight.
看到这可怕的景象, 我不停地流汗。
I was in a panic so I checked all the windows and the door several times to make sure they were all locked.
我慌了, 于是我多次检查了所有的门窗以确保它们都锁了。
3. 表示焦虑
I was so anxious about your safety. 我很担心你的安全。
I felt so nervous that I couldn’t read the text fluently.
我感到如此紧张, 以至于不能流利地阅读课文。
Parents are worried about our health.
父母为我们的健康而担心。
Ⅱ. 话题情景交流
Lily和John正在讨论有关自然灾害的可怕经历……
Lily: Have you ever been in a natural disaster
John: Yes. Whenever I think of it, I am still terrified now.
Lily: Can you describe it
John: Of course. Last month, it rained heavily when I was enjoying the music in my bedroom by myself. Suddenly, I heard a strange noise outside the window. “1. What happened (发生了什么 )”I shouted to my neighbor. Then I saw a chocolate-colored flood was rushing down the street. 2. I was so frightened that I tried to rush to the hill nearby(我太害怕了, 尽力地往附近的小山冲去). I kept running till I was on the top of the hill. 3. What a terrible sight! (多可怕的景象啊! ) All the houses were buried. 4. I was trembling with fear(我害怕得直发抖). At the same time, 5. I was so anxious about my parents’ safety(我非常担心父母的安全). Luckily, nobody was injured. 6. I was happy and relieved when all the people were removed to a safer place(当所有人被转移到一个更安全的地方后, 我很高兴, 并松了口气).
Lily: Thank God.
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. Although they come from diverse (不同的)cultures, they show great appreciation (欣赏) of China’s paper-cutting.
2. His legs began to tremble (颤抖)violently and after a short while he fell to the ground, unconscious (失去知觉的).
3. He was so anxious (渴望的) to catch the first train that he ran all the way to the station, which made him sweat (出汗).
4. The pigeon panicked (惊慌) and flew away quickly when it saw the hunter shoot (射击)at it.
5. She suddenly felt uncomfortable (不舒服的) after she bathed(洗澡).
6. The secretary guaranteed (保证) that she would keep the precious (珍贵的) document well.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. My grandmother was anxiously (anxious) waiting for the return of my uncle.
2. I will guarantee to finish (finish) my homework on time.
3. There is no need to get into a panic when danger arises.
4. I tried to shoot at the target, but missed it again and again.
5. He was unconscious (conscious) of the mistake. As a result, he failed again.
6. It is reported that the film is popular with the teenagers.
7. I appreciate your putting (put) up with my bad temper.
8. The Internet provides various (variety) chances to start your own business.
9. I picked up Radio Beijing last night.
10. Glancing(glance) at the clock, he went out immediately.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. It is thought that fresh air is beneficial to our health.
人们认为新鲜的空气对我们的健康有益。
2. While admiring the new building, I heard someone calling my name.
在欣赏新建筑的时候, 我听见有人叫我的名字。
3. I arrived at the shop, only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全放在家里了。
4. She opened a book, pretending to read. 她打开本书, 假装要读。
5. I would appreciate it if you could do me a favor.
如果你能帮我个忙, 我将不胜感激。
Ⅳ. 课文短文改错
Changbaishan is China’s largest nature reserve, where people all over the world enjoy. The land varies in high and is home to many rare plants and animals. The greatest appreciation in the reserve are Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.
Tianchi is the lake that has formed in the crater of a died volcano. In winter the surface froze over. On the top of the mountain you are rewarded the clear waters and the view of the other 16 mountain peaks.
There are many stories about Tianchi. Three young women from the heaven were bathing in Tianchi. After the youngest girl swallowed a fruit, she became pregnant and give birth to a boy, who is the father of the Manchu people.
If you visit Tianchi with your loving one, don’t forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be deep and lasting.
答案: 1. 第一句中where→which
2. 第二句中high→height
3. 第三句中are→is
4. 第四句中第一个the→a
5. 第四句中died→dead
6. 第五句中froze→freezes
7. 第六句中rewarded 后加with
8. 第八句中the删除
9. 第九句中give→gave
10. 第十句中loving→loved
介绍旅游景点
介绍旅游景点就是对某个旅游景点进行介绍说明, 属于说明文。写作时要注意: ①合理安排说明顺序。在介绍方位时, 最好按空间顺序来写。②时态相对较为统一, 多用一般现在时, 如涉及历史事件的描述, 则用一般过去时。
英语课堂上, 老师要求介绍一处旅游景点。请你根据以下要点, 用英语写一篇短文描写济南的趵突泉。
1. 位于趵突泉公园中心; 2. 拥有3 000多年的历史;
3. 喷泉喷射时, 声音洪亮、景象壮观; 4. 品茶赏景, 身心愉悦。
注意: 1. 词数: 100个左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
完成句子
1. 趵突泉位于趵突泉公园的中心。
Baotu Spring is located in/lies in the centre of Baotu Spring Park.
2. 趵突泉被认为是济南三个主要名胜之一。
Baotu Spring is regarded as one of the three major places of interest in Jinan.
3. 众所周知, 趵突泉是济南的象征。
It’s well known that Baotu Spring is a symbol of the city of Jinan.
4. 泉水整天喷射。
Spring water springs all day.
5. 泉水声音洪亮、景象壮观。
It creates great sounds and sights.
词句升级
6. 用and合并1、2句
Baotu Spring is located in/lies in the centre of Baotu Spring Park and regarded as one of the three major places of interest in Jinan.
7. 用which合并4、5句
Spring water springs all day, which creates great sounds and sights.
Have you ever thought of visiting Baotu Spring in Jinan You should because it has special attractions.
Baotu Spring is located in the centre of Baotu Spring Park and regarded as one of the three major places of interest in Jinan. It’s well known that Baotu Spring is a symbol of the city of Jinan. The spring has a history of over 3, 000 years. What impresses the visitors most is that spring water springs all day, which creates great sounds and sights. What’s more, enjoying the beautiful scenery of the spring with a cup of tea in hand can make us happy and relaxed.
If you are lucky enough to visit Baotu Spring, don’t forget to drink tea beside the spring. It’s really a great thing to do.
1. 话题词汇
①attract 吸引
②scene/view/scenery 风景
③peak 顶峰
④beach 海滩
⑤waterfall 瀑布
⑥cover/with an area of 占……面积
⑦be famous/well known for
因……而出名
⑧date back to/from 追溯到
⑨be covered with 被……覆盖
⑩be made up of/consist of 由……组成
2. 话题句式
(1)地理位置
①Mount Hua is located in Huayin city, Shaanxi Province.
华山位于陕西省华阴市。
②The city lies on both sides of the river.
这个城市位于河的两侧。
(2)历史背景
①Egypt is an Arabian country with a long history.
埃及是一个具有悠久历史的阿拉伯国家。
②The old town dates back to the late seventeenth century.
这座古城建于十七世纪后期。
(3)自然特点
①This area is covered with grassland.
这个地区被草原所覆盖。
②Sichuan Province is made up of /consists of a basin and some mountainous areas.
四川省由一个盆地和山区组成。
(4)风景名胜
①There are quite a lot of places of interest in Beijing.
北京有许多名胜古迹。
②Beijing has many places of interest, among which is the Forbidden City.
北京有许多名胜古迹, 其中就有紫禁城。
PAGE
23Unit 5 The power of nature Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ. 用本单元恰当的单词补全语境
1. the eruption of a volcano 火山爆发
2. walk alongside 沿着边走
3. scientific equipment 科学设备
4. be appointed as 被任命为
5. evaluate the information 评估信息
6. absolutely wrong 完全错误
7. great potential 巨大潜力
8. wave one’s hand 挥手
9. a musical fountain 一个音乐喷泉
10. wear a new suit 穿新套装
11. fill in a questionnaire 填一张调查表
Ⅱ. 根据语境提示补全短语
1. Unfortunately, many houses were burned to the ground in the big fire.
2. I was appointed as our guide when we climbed the mountain.
3. After dinner, I made my way to the classroom.
4. We should think of many ways to protect ourselves from powerful natural forces.
5. She has always been enthusiastic about music.
6. My teacher was amazed at the progress I have made.
7. I ran out of the house and saw a bus in the distance.
8. I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at the painting.
9. Compared with him, you are lucky.
Ⅲ. 根据课文原句补全句子
1. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 收集和评估这些信息之后, 我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流, 流速是多少。
2. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.
这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山山顶附近无人居住。
3. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我刚要再睡, 突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
4. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them. 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆, 我是第一次经历这样的事, 所以留在山顶上观察他们。
根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。
1. -ly常用于形容词之后构成副词, 表示方式或程度。
例如: absolute + -ly → absolutely 绝对地; 完全地
calm→calmly 平静地
fluent→ fluently 流利地
gradual→ gradually 逐渐地
2. “v. + ment”构成的名词表示“动作、原因、手段、结果”等。
例如: equip+ -ment→ equipment设备
advertise→advertisement 广告 announce→announcement 通知; 通告
achieve→achievement成绩; 成就
punish→punishment惩罚 treat→treatment对待; 治疗
appoint→appointment任命; 约定
require→requirement要求 agree→agreement协议
框架宏观建构: 整体理解
文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)The writer doesn’t mind the occasional danger of his job because .
A. he travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the world
B. he likes the different ways of working
C. he thinks his job is the most important
D. he is excited about danger and feels alive
(2)Thanks to the volcanologist’s job, .
A. the eruption causes less damage
B. many people have been saved
C. other scientists can predict the progress of lava from the volcano
D. quantities of buildings have escaped being destroyed
(3)What does the writer mean by using “lucky” in the sentence “I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it”
A. He felt much safer on the top while the other two scientists climbed down into the crater.
B. It was his first sight of an eruption.
C. It was the first time for him to watch the crater.
D. Both B and C.
(4)Why did the volcanologist run out of the house
A. Because his bed began shaking.
B. Because his bedroom suddenly became as bright as day.
C. Because he thought there was an earthquake in Hawaii.
D. Because he wanted to collect information about the eruption.
答案: (1)～(4)DCDB
【补偿训练】
Why did the scientists have to get close to the crater of the volcano after it began erupting
Because they wanted to collect some lava for later study of the volcano.
2. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文: 虽然我的工作偶尔有危险, 但是我不介意, 因为危险使我兴奋, 使我感到有活力。
译文: 这像波浪一样顺着山坡慢慢流下的岩浆所造成的损害要大得多, 这是因为它所流经的地方, 一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。
根据文章内容完成空格。
An exciting job
Introductionabout the job Work (1)alongside people from all over the world. Though sometimes dangerous, it makes me feel (2)alive.
Details of the job I’m a volcanologist. My job is (3)collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea. Our work has (4)saved many lives.
The first (5)sightof an eruption ●One night I was fast asleep (6)when suddenly my bed began shaking and then my bedroom became as bright as day. ●I saw in the distance the red hot lava was (7)fountaining hundreds of metres into the air.
After the eruption Wearing protective (8)suits, two other scientists got close to the crater to collect some lava for later study.
Attitude (9)to thejob I am just as (10)enthusiastic about the job as the day I first started.
阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。
What do you think it is that makes the author enthusiastic about his job today
As a volcanologist, he can travel to unusual places and meet people from different countries. The job can make him excited and feel good about helping people avoid danger.
2. 根据提示, 运用本单元词汇完成短文。
(1)与自然灾害如飓风(hurricane)、洪水、地震和火山喷发(volcano eruption)等相比, 人类很弱小。
(2)二十年前我被任命(be appointed as)为火山学家(volcanologist), 为夏威夷的基拉韦厄火山(Mount Kilauea)数据库(database)收集资料。
(3)我永远忘不了第一次看见基拉韦厄火山爆发的情景。
(4)在远处, 炽热的岩浆(lava)像喷泉(fountain)一样可喷到数百米的高空中。
(5)岩浆流经之处, 许多房子被烧毁(burn to the ground)了。
(6)虽然我的工作偶尔有危险, 但我对这项工作满怀热情(be enthusiastic about)。
Compared with natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, earthquakes and volcano eruptions, humans are weak. I was appointed as a volcanologist and collected information for a database about Mount Kilauea in Hawaii twenty years ago. I will never forget my first sight of its eruption. In the distance, red lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. Wherever the lava flew, many houses were burned to the ground. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I am always enthusiastic about it.
1. appoint vt. 任命; 委派
*I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.
二十年前我被任命为火山学家, 为夏威夷火山观测站工作。
*He was appointed to solve the problem of environmental pollution.
他被委派去解决环境污染问题。
*I’d love to go there with you, but I have an appointment with my lawyer.
我想和你一起去那里, 但我要约见我的律师。
【语块积累】
(1) appoint sb. as / to be 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2) appointment n. 约会; 委派; 任命
make / have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
(1)语法填空。
①Appointed as headmaster of the school, he spared no efforts to improve his teaching quality.
②I regret to tell you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed(appoint) time.
③If possible, could we make another appointment(appoint) to go to the bookstore
(2)They appointed her to look after the old sick lady.
他们委派她照顾那个生病的老太太。
2. wave n. 波浪; 波涛 vi. 波动; 起伏; 挥手
*That day we ended up on the beach wandering aimlessly and the only sound was the waves beating against the shore.
那天我们最后在海滩上, 漫无目的地闲逛着, 唯一的声音就是海浪拍击海岸的声音。
*My parents waved to me as the bus drove off.
公共汽车开走时, 我的父母向我挥了挥手。
*Mike and I picked up our things and waved goodbye to villagers.
迈克和我收拾好东西与村民道了别。
【语块积累】
wave to/at 向……挥手
wave goodbye to 向……挥手告别
wave sb. to do sth. 招手让某人做某事
【巧学助记】 wave含义面面观
【熟词生义】
The flag waved in the wind.
旗帜在风中飘扬。 (v. 飘动; 飘扬)
(1)语法填空。
①My friend kept on waving(wave) at his teacher until he was out of sight.
②At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter.
(2)The expressway police waved us to stop.
高速公路上的警察挥手让我们停下。
3. suit n. 一套外衣; 套装 vt. 适合; 使适宜
*The other day he came across a dollar bill in the suit which he was sending to the cleaner’s.
几天前他在他正要送去干洗店的西装里偶然看到一张一美元的纸币。
*If it suits your convenience, we will call on our former English teacher next Sunday.
如果你方便的话, 我们将在下周日拜访我们以前的英语老师。
*I do believe this voluntary work suits me, because I have a good knowledge of English.
=I do believe I am suitable for this voluntary work, because I have a good knowledge of English.
因为我精通英语, 我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。
*At the appropriate time and proper place, he is a suitable person, this was the case.
在适当的时间与适当的地点, 他是一个合适的人, 就是如此。
【语块积累】
(1)It suits /suited sb. to do sth. 某人适合做某事
(2)suitable adj. 合适的
be suitable for sb. /sth. 适合某人/某物
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
【知识延伸】不同的“适合”
suit 侧重于符合某人的口味或服装颜色、款式等的相配或适合
fit 往往强调尺寸、大小或形状上的吻合
match 多指两个物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配, 显得很协调
(1)语法填空。
①To students, you’d better choose the activities which interest you and suit(suitable) you.
②Suitable(suit) school uniforms can not only show good discipline but also make us look more active.
③There is some doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
(2)(2019·江苏高考) Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable.
李倾向于中国传统服装, 而苏认为校服更加合适。
【补偿训练】
根据语境选词填空。(suit, fit, match)
I want to take this jacket because it fits me well and matches my trousers, though the style doesn’t suit me.
4. make one’s way 前往
*It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.
穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易, 但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘前进, 并且向下看到了红红的, 沸腾的中央。
*He pushed his way through the crowd to the front.
他挤到人群的前面。
* There was no light, so we had to feel our way in the dark.
由于没有灯光, 所以我们不得不在黑暗中摸索着前进。
【语块积累】
make way (for) (为……)让路; 前进
feel one’s way 摸索前进
push one’s way 挤过
lose one’s way 迷路
fight one’s way 杀出一条路
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
用含有way的适当短语填空。
(1)The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon.
(2)Even if there was a big flood, the rescue team still made their way to the disaster area.
(3)Could you move your cans to make way for the food
(4)We pushed our way out of the crowded bus as soon as it stopped.
5. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. 这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山山顶附近无人居住。
【句式解构】
(1)该句为主从复合句, because引导表语从句, where引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)This / That is because. . . 这是/那是因为……
*As we all know, reading classics is of great importance. This is because it can not only improve our studying career but also enrich our everyday life.
众所周知, 阅读古典文学非常重要。这是因为它不仅能提高我们的学业而且能丰富我们的日常生活。
*I’ve got a cold; that is why I wouldn’t like to have a meal.
我感冒了, 那就是我不想吃饭的原因。
*The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful.
人们选择生活在城市的原因是城市的生活更方便、更多彩。
(3)where引导非限制性定语从句时, where在从句中作状语。
*(2020·江苏高考)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
后来, 他在非洲工作, 那里许多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。
一语辨析this/that is because与this/ that is why
because后跟的是原因, 结果在前; why后跟的是结果, 原因在前。
(1)语法填空。
①China is a developing country, where all people try their best to make a contribution to the development of economy.
②He should have worked hard. That’s why he failed the exam.
③I was late for school yesterday morning. That is because I missed the first bus.
(2)同义句转换
他太紧张、太尴尬了。那就是他面试失败的原因。
He was too nervous and embarrassed. That is why he failed in the interview.
He failed in the interview. That is because he was too nervous and embarrassed.
The reason why he failed in the interview is that he was too nervous and embarrassed.
6. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡, 突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
【句式解构】
(1)该句为并列句, when作并列连词, 相当于and just at that time, 意为“正在这时/那时突然……”。
(2)be about to do sth. when. . . 是固定句型, 意为“正要做某事这时/那时突然……”。
*I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on. 我正要放弃, 这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
*I was walking along the street when someone called me from behind. 我正沿着街道走时, 忽然后面有人喊我。
*I was just leaving(=about to leave) when he came in.
我正要(刚要)走, 他就进来了。
*I was on the point of going home when it began to rain.
我正要回家, 这时开始下雨了。
*He had just rushed into the classroom when the teacher came in. 他刚冲进教室, 老师就进来了。
【语块积累】
be doing. . . when. . . 正在做……就在这
时……
be on the point of doing. . . when. . .
正要做……就在这时……
had just done. . . when. . . 刚做过……这时……
(1)语法填空。
①The professor had just finished his speech when students rushed out of the classroom.
②We were discussing (discuss) the problem when there was a power failure.
(2)汤姆正打算放弃, 这时他突然想到了问题的答案。
→Tom was about to give up when he suddenly found an answer to the question. (be about to)
→Tom was on the point of giving up when he suddenly found an answer to the question. (be on the point of)
(3)改错。
I was about to set off while my mother came. (while→when)
【要点拾遗】
1. equipment n. 设备; 装备
*Before setting off, they packed the food and necessary equipment in the car.
动身前, 他们把食物和必要的设备都装进汽车里。
*Every classroom is equipped with video cameras in our school. 我们学校每个教室里都装有摄像机。
*As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, the more you equip for your life. 我个人认为, 教育就是学习, 你学得越多, 你为生活准备得就越多。
*He glanced at Mary and felt she was not equipped for the job. 他瞥了一眼玛丽, 感觉她不能胜任这份工作。
【语块积累】
equip v. 配备; 装备
be equipped with 配备有……, 具有……
be equipped for 具备……的条件、能力
a piece of equipment 一件设备
【知识延伸】
equipment通常只作不可数名词使用, 没有复数形式, “一件设备”应用“a piece of equipment”来表达。通常只作不可数名词使用的还有: fun, advice, news, information, luggage(baggage), clothing, furniture, homework, weather, progress, word(消息)等。
语法填空。
(1)Li Ming will be well equipped for the difficult task.
(2)A good education should equip you for a good future.
(3)A lot of new equipment(equip) has been brought in during the past five years.
【补偿训练】改错。
During the past five years, I have made great progresses in English. (progresses→progress)
2. burn to the ground全部焚毁
*Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.
遗憾的是, 我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流经之路, 因此, 许多房屋被熔岩淹没, 或者焚烧殆尽。
*The hotel caught fire last night and was burned down.
昨晚那家旅馆着火了, 被焚毁了。
*If you keep on working like this, you’ll burn yourself out sooner or later.
如果你继续这样工作, 你迟早会耗尽精力的。
【语块积累】
burn down 烧毁
burn up (被)烧毁, 烧得更旺
burn out 熄灭, 烧完(燃料)
burn oneself out 耗尽精力, 精疲力竭
(1)With their houses burned to the ground, they had no place to live in.
他们的房子被全部焚毁, 无处可住。
(2)The house was burned out although it had resulted from that little fire.
尽管起因于那堆小火, 这房屋却被烧完了。
(3)If he doesn’t stop working so hard, he’ll burn himself out.
他要是继续这样拼命工作, 将会把自己累垮。
3. absolute adj. 绝对的; 完全的
*Our school has an absolute advantage over others, for we have the most hardworking teachers and students. 我们学校比其他学校有绝对的优势, 因为我们有最勤奋的老师和学生。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. 我告诉他们不能打开他们绝对知道是门的东西。
【语块积累】
(1)absolute honesty 绝对诚实
(2)absolutely adv. 完全地, 绝对地
*There is no absolute standard for beauty.
美是没有绝对的标准的。
(1)语法填空。
①As long as you are right, I absolutely(absolute) stand by you.
②I can’t give you any absolute (absolutely) guarantees about your safety.
(2)He is a man of absolute honesty. 他是个绝对诚实的人。
4. potential n. 潜在性; 可能性; 潜能
adj. 可能的; 潜在的
*Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
虽然我从事火山研究至今很多年了, 但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它们那潜在的巨大破坏力仍然感到惊愕不已。
*That is why we students should learn to make the most of our potential by wisely managing our time.
这就是为什么我们学生应该学会通过合理地管理时间最大限度地利用我们的潜力。
*The firm has identified 60 potential customers.
该公司已经确认了60个潜在客户。
*In my view, he has the potential to become a novelist.
在我看来, 他有潜力成为小说家。
【语块积累】
realize/reach one’s potential 发挥某人的潜能
have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事
the potential for(doing)sth. (做)某事的可能性/潜力
potential danger/risk 潜在危害/风险
(1)语法填空。
①People who do not smoke have less potential for suffering from lung cancer.
②Anybody who doesn’t wear protective masks has the potential to get infected(infect) with COVID-19.
(2)We want each student to realize their potential.
我们想让每一位学生去发挥他们的潜力。
5. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆, 我是第一次经历这样的事, 所以留在山顶上观察他们。
【句式解构】
(1)本句为并列句, but连接两个并列分句。
(2)第二个分句中的“this being my first experience”为独立主格结构, 相当于原因状语从句“because this was my first experience”。
*There being no one else to turn to, I have no choice but to come to see you.
我没有其他可以求助的人, 我别无选择只能来找你。
*My childhood full of play and adventure, no one could have passed a happier childhood than myself. 我的童年充满了嬉戏和冒险, 没人能像我那样欢快地度过童年。
*Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon. 树叶到处飘着, 我一下子意识到秋天来临了。
*Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后, 我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
*Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于该事故, 其中有许多儿童。
【语块积累】
独立主格结构。 其主要的构成方式如下:
(1)名称或代词主格+分词
(2)名称或代词主格+不定式
(3)名称或代词主格+形容词(副词、名词、介词短语)
【知识延伸】独立主格结构面面观
(1)该结构中的过去分词表示被动或完成的动作; 不定式表示将来发生的动作; 现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。
(2)独立主格结构在句中表示时间、条件或原因时, 相当于一个状语从句; 表伴随状况或补充说明时, 相当于一个并列句, 通常放于句末。
(1)语法填空。
①The test finished(finish), we’ll have our summer holiday.
②So much work to do(do), we have no time to play.
③The guide leading(lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
(2)句型转换
He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. (独立主格)
He was listening attentively in class, with his eyes fixed on the blackboard. (with复合结构)
1. According to the document, front-line medical workers who have participated in epidemic prevention and control will be given preference in cases of getting promotions or applying for professional titles. 根据文件, 对参加疫情防治的一线医务人员在岗位晋升、职称评聘方面实施倾斜措施。
2. A volcano off the New Zealand coast erupted Monday with a towering blast of ash and scalding steam as dozens of tourists were exploring its moon-like surface, killing eighteen people and leaving one missing and feared dead, authorities said. 周一, 新西兰海岸外的一座火山突然喷发, 火山灰和滚烫的蒸汽直冲云霄。新西兰官方称, 火山爆发时有数十名游客正在探索这座表面像月球一样的火山, 目前火山喷发已造成18人死亡, 1人失踪, 失踪人员生还希望渺茫。
3. Beijing unveiled its first equestrian path for residents and tourists in October, 2020, attracting many visitors and arousing the curiosity of equine enthusiasts. The 4. 37-kilometer path in the Cuigezhuang area in Chaoyang district is the first to be built in the city.
北京首条面向居民和游客的马道于2020年10月份正式启用, 该马道不仅吸引了许多游客, 同时还引起了马术爱好者的好奇心。该马道位于朝阳区崔各庄, 全长4. 37公里, 是北京首条城市马道。
Ⅰ. 语段填空
1. An active volcano in Indonesia suddenly erupted (爆发) and the red lava fountained (涌出) hundreds of metres high.
2. Mr Green was appointed (任命) as the manager of the company and since then a lot of foreign advanced equipment (设备) has been imported.
3. The actual (实际的) cost was millions of dollars, which was beyond what we had evaluated (评估).
4. The dog ran alongside (在旁边) its owner who waved (挥手) his hand to the passers-by from time to time.
5. We are aware of the potential (潜在的) problems and believe that we absolutely (绝对地) have the ability to avoid them.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
make one’s way; burn to the ground; be equipped with; appoint. . . as; be suitable for; compare. . . with. . . ; have the potential to; in the distance; wave at; be enthusiastic about
1. Compared with regular masks, the new masks can protect people against influenza A for up to 10 hours.
2. The newly-constructed Huoshenshan Hospital is equipped with basic equipment.
3. After the big fire, a large quantity of buildings were burned to the ground.
4. He has been enthusiastic about sports in the past 10 years.
5. As long as you work hard, you will be suitable for the job.
6. After work, I made my way to the pub to have a drink.
7. Every student who has the gift for music can be appointed as the conductor.
8. Walking out of the room, I could see the mountain in the distance.
9. On getting off the bus, I waved at my boyfriend.
10. I hold the firm belief that every person has the potential to become an artist.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. That was why I asked for three days’ leave.
那就是为什么我请了三天假。
2. I had just finished the questionnaire when someone patted me on the shoulder.
我刚完成问卷调查, 这时有人拍我的肩膀。
3. I was about to leave /on the point of leaving when the librarian came in. 我正要离开, 这时图书管理员进来了。
4. The reason why he made so many mistakes was that he was too careless. 他犯这么多错的原因是他太粗心了。
5. Time permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
时间允许的话, 我们明天去拜访你。
Ⅳ. 课文语法填空
I 1. was appointed(appoint) as a volcanologist twenty years ago. The job is exciting but 2. occasionally(occasional) dangerous. What I do is to collect database about Mount Kilauea, an active volcano in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
When 3. boiling(boil) rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes 4. less(little) damage than you might imagine. The reason is 5. that no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. However, the lava can bury everything in its path under the molten rock.
Once I was lucky enough 6. to have(have) a much closer look at the volcano the day after its 7. eruption(erupt) with two other scientists. We had to wear protective suits that covered our whole body. We made our way 8. to the edge of the crater and collected some lava for later study. I’m still amazed at the 9. absolutely(absolute)fantastic sight as well as their potential 10. to cause(cause)great damage.
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18Unit 5 The power of nature
【导语】《火山》是由爱尔兰歌手戴米恩·莱斯演唱的。在你面前的我, 并非真实, 我们也不是彼此所需。你给了我万丈高山, 我需要的却是海洋。在火山周围, 我们的爱, 慢慢熔化、消失……
注: 听音填空
Volcano
By Damien Rice
Don’t hold yourself like that
①You’ll hurt your knees
I kissed your mouth and back
But that’s all I need
Don’t build your world around
Volcanoes melt you down
What I am to you is not real
What I am to you you do not need
What I am to you is not what you mean to me
You give me miles and miles of mountains
And I’ll ask for the sea
②Don’t throw yourself like that
In front of me
I kissed your mouth and back
Is that ③all you need
Don’t drag my love around
Volcanoes melt me down
What I am to you is not real
What I am to you you do not need
What I am to you is not what you mean to me
You give me miles and miles of mountains
And I’ll ask for what I give to you
Is just what I’m going through
This is nothing new
No no just another phase of finding what I really need
Is what makes me bleed
And like a new disease
she’s still too young to treat
1. knee/ni / n. 膝盖; 膝关节
2. drag /dr g / v. 拖; 拉
3. phase/fe z/ n. 阶段; 时期
4. bleed/bli d/ v. 流血; 出血
断句规则
1. 有标点符号的地方常是断句所在。
2. 一个语法功能完整的意群往往是断句所在。
3. 分句常是断句的地方。
例如: There is a time/when we should heed a certain call
Hearing the news, /he jumped with joy.
We must heed/instead
【即时训练】
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
1. How did the man feel about his performance today
A. Greatly encouraged.
B. A bit dissatisfied.
C. Terribly disappointed.
2. What did the man say helped him overcome the problem
A. Patience.
B. Luck.
C. Determination.
3. What is the woman doing
A. Conducting an interview.
B. Holding a press conference.
C. Hosting a ceremony.
答案: 1～3. BCA
【听力原文】
W: Well done! Congratulations! How are you feeling
M: Tired. I’m just tired.
W: But you did so well to get second place in today’s car race.
M: Well, I came out here aiming for the gold. I got third place last time and it was not the result I had hoped for.
W: What happened today You were looking extremely good at the start.
M: I blew it. The car was a bit out of control.
W: Some people might have given up at that point.
M: I was determined to do it to finish the round.
W: So what now
M: Tomorrow is going to be tough, much tougher than today.
W: Well, I think you showed great determination today. Good luck for tomorrow and thanks for speaking to us.
译文:
不要如此抬高自己
你会伤自尊的
我亲吻了你的嘴唇然后离开
但是这就是我所需要的
不要困在自己所建的世界中
火山会将你熔化
在你看来, 我是虚情假意
在你看来, 我是可有可无的
我在你心中的地位远不及你在我心中的
你留给我一座座无法攀越的山峰
而我只向你乞求一片海
请不要在我面前如此贬低自己
我亲吻了你的嘴唇然后离开
这是否就是你要的全部
不要将我的爱拖至一旁, 火山会将我熔化
在你看来, 我是虚情假意
在你看来, 我是可有可无的
我在你心中的地位远不及你在我心中的
你留给我一座座无法攀越的山峰
而我只想要回我给予你的一切, 如今我苦苦挣扎
早已习以为常, 不, 不, 只是用另一种方式去寻找我真正需要的
能够使我的心流血的东西
并且就像一种新型疾病
她仍太年轻而无法治愈我
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