2022届高考英语二轮复习：必备词汇讲与练25 学案

List 121
leg /leɡ/ n. 腿；支柱 vi. 用脚走路
常见搭配： on the leg (狗)腿长的 break a leg 祝好运；大获成功（用于祝愿演员演出成功
leg up n. 帮助（对上马或跨跃障碍时的） shake a leg 赶快；跳舞；迅速行动
have legs 有耐力；走得快 hind leg 后腿；后肢
leg by 【板球】触身得分(球触及击球员手以外的身体任何部位而使对手得分)
hang a leg 向后退；裹足不前；犹豫不决；摇摆不定
stand on one leg 单脚站立 long leg 长腿；左方球员
lower leg 小腿 upper leg 大腿
词 族：legged a. 有腿的
leggy a. 长腿的；茎长的；腿细长的
legless a. 无腿的；醉醺醺的
习 语：break a leg: to wish sb good luck （表示良好祝愿）祝你好运！
get one’s leg over: to have sex 性交
have legs: if you say that a news story, etc. has legs , you mean that people will continue to be interested in it for a long time （新闻报道等）会长期受到关注
not have a leg to stand on: to be in a position where you are unable to prove sth or explain why sth is reasonable 无法证实；无法解释（理由）；站不住脚
真题例句：I had no idea that when I stood, the desk would fall over and hurt her leg.
我不知道当我站起来时，桌子会翻掉，伤了她的腿。
knock n. 敲打；敲门 v. 敲击，互撞，攻击
常见搭配： knock at/on… 敲（门，窗等） knock into… 撞到……，偶遇……
knock off 击倒；停工；中断 knock down 击倒；拆卸
knock out 敲空；击倒；打破；使筋疲力竭
knock it off 停止做；住口，别再讲下去了
knock over 打翻；撞倒 knock on wood 敲木头，企求好运；吉人天相
knock up 敲门唤醒；[英口]筋疲力尽；往上敲
knock against 撞击，与…冲突；偶然遇见
knock off work 敲落工作；歇工
knock back （摇把）反击，（活塞）逆行，（曲轴）反转；回击，击退；使...大吃一惊
词 族：knocker n. 门环；敲击者；吹毛求疵的人
习 语：I will knock you block/head off: to threaten sb that you will hit them
（威胁要打人）我非揍你不可，我要揍扁你
Knock sb. dead: to impress sb very much 使某人倾倒
knock sb off their pedestal/ perch: to make sb lose their position as sb/sth successful or admired 使某人丧失名位
knock sb/sth into a cocked hat: to be very much better than sb/sth
远远胜过某人（或事物）；大大超过；使相形见绌(also: knock spots off sb/sth)
knock sth on the head: to stop sth from happening; to stop doing sth
阻止某事发生；停止做某事
knock sb sideways: to surprise or shock sb so much that they are unable to react immediately 使某人惊讶得不知所措（或目瞪口呆）
knock the stuffing out of sb: to make sb lose their confidence and enthusiasm
使某人丧失信心（或委靡不振）
you could have knocked me down with a feather: used to express surprise （表示惊奇）
真题例句：Stay away from the houses or buildings being built or knocked down.
远离正在建造或拆毁的房屋或建筑物
pension / pen n/ n. 退休金，年金，抚恤金 vt. 发退休金
常见搭配： pension fund 养老基金；退休基金 pension insurance 养老保险
pension plan 公积金计划
supplementary pension 企业年金；辅助退休金
live on a pension 靠退休金生活 welfare pension 福利养老金
词 族： pensionable a. 有资格领退休金的；可领退休金的
pensioner n. 领养老金者；领取抚恤金者
pensionary n. 领受退休金者；受雇佣者
真题例句： It challenges the labor force supply and the pension system.
这也对劳动力供给和养老金制度提出了挑战。
faith /fe θ/ n. 信任，信仰
常见搭配： keep faith with 对…守信用；忠于信仰 breach of faith 背信，违约
utmost good faith 最大诚信；绝对信任 in bad faith 欺诈地；背信弃义地
leap of faith 一百八十度转变 on faith 不加怀疑地；单凭信仰
lose faith in 不再信任；对…失去信心 in faith 确实
have faith in 相信，对……信任
in good faith 真诚地；善意地；诚心诚意地
词 族： faithful a. 忠实的，忠诚的；如实的；准确可靠的
faithfully ad. 忠实地；如实地；诚心诚意地；深信着地
faithless a. 不忠实的；无信的；无宗教信仰的
faithlessly ad. 靠不住地；不忠实地
faithfulness n. 忠诚；诚实；正确
faithlessness n. 不贞；无信仰；不可信赖
真题例句： That family restored our faith and trust in people.
那家人让我们重拾对他人的信任。
词汇辨析： faith, confidence, belief, trust
四个词都有“信任”之意，其区别如下：
faith：强调完全信任，侧重对某人能力的信任或相信某人的承诺。
confidence：指对某人某事有充分的信心，断定不会使人失望，因而给予信任
belief：单纯从主观上的信任，不强调信任的根据。
trust：强调相信，信任的完全可靠。
swim /sw m/ v. & n. 游泳 （swimming， swam， swum）
常见搭配： in the swim 合时髦；合潮流；熟悉内情；积极参加活动
sink or swim 成败全靠自己 go for a swim 去游泳=go swimming
swim with the tide v. 随波逐流 swim suit 游泳衣
teach fish to swim 班门弄斧
词 族： swimmer n. 游泳者
真题例句： People travel to watch monkey shows, hug baby tigers and swim with dolphins.
人们旅行是为了观看猴子表演，拥抱小老虎，和海豚一起游泳。
monument n. 纪念碑，历史遗迹
常见搭配： China Millennium Monument 中华世纪坛
National Monument 国家英雄纪念碑；国家纪念碑
natural monument 天然纪念物天然遗迹
be a monument to… 是……的丰碑；是……的不朽成果
historic/ancient monument 历史遗迹；名胜古迹
词 族： monumental a. 不朽的；纪念碑的；非常的
monumentalize vt. 为…立碑纪念
真题例句： Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. 导游会对这些树及开花处的著名纪念碑做一个历史讲解。
territory / ter tri/ n. [C/U] 领土，版图，领域，范围
常见搭配： occupied territory 被占领的土地 enemy territory 敌方
disputed territory 有争议的领土 foreign territory 外国领土
习 语： come/go with the territory: to be a normal and accepted part of a particular job, situation,
etc. 成为必然的部分（或结果）
(She has to work late most days, but in her kind of job that goes with the territory. 她在大部分日子里都得工作到很晚，但根据她的工作性质，这是不可避免的)
词 族： territorial a. 领土的；区域的；土地的；地方的 territorially ad. 在领土方面
真题例句： Chimps will cooperate in certain ways like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.
黑猩猩会以特定的方式合作，比如聚集在战场上保护自己的领地。
explosive / k spl s v/ a. 爆炸性的 n. 炸药
常见搭配： explosive gas 易爆气，爆炸气；爆炸性气体
explosive force/power 爆炸力
high explosive 烈性炸药
词 族； explode v. 爆炸；激增
explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增
Explosively ad. 爆发地，引起爆炸地
真题例句： The explosive device was timed to go off at the rush hour.
该爆炸装置定在交通高峰时间爆炸。
roll n. 卷，滚动，名单，压路机，颤音 v. 滚，绕，转动，摇摆，展开
常见搭配： roll out 铺开；滚出 rock and roll 摇滚乐
roll up 卷起；滚滚上升；到达；出现；积累成；迫敌退向中央
roll on 继续前进 roll over 翻滚；转存；延缓付款
roll away vt. 滚动卷页；滚过去，慢移过去
roll back 击退；把…压低到标准水平 roll off 转降，辗轧
spring roll （中国的）春卷 on a roll 运气好；超常发挥；做得很顺
roll call 点名；名单；登记表
词 族： rolling a. 旋转的；起伏的；波动的
roller n. [机] 滚筒；[机] 滚轴；辊子；滚转机
名言谚语： You roll my log and I’ll roll yours. 相互吹捧
真题例句： While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back.
我走过去时发现一只小马驹在他背上打滚
comprehensive / k mpr hens v/ a. 综合的，广泛的，理解的
常见搭配； comprehensive evaluation 综合评价，综合评价法
comprehensive analysis 综合分析 comprehensive quality 综合素质
comprehensive university 综合性大学 a comprehensive list 详细清单
词 族： comprehensible a. 可理解的
comprehensively ad. 包括地；包括一切地
comprehension n. 理解；包含
comprehensiveness n. 综合；详尽
comprehend vt. 理解；包含；由…组成
真题例句： His comprehensive surveys have provided the statements of how data are collected.
他全面的调查给出了关于如何收集数据的陈述。
根据句意填写单词
A person or animal's ___________ are the long parts of their body that they use to stand on
If you ___________ on something such as a door or window, you hit it, usually several times, to attract someone's attention.
Someone who has a ___________ receives a regular sum of money from a former employer because they have retired or because they are widowed or disabled.
If you have ___________ in someone or something, you feel confident about their ability or goodness. This word can also be used to mean a strong religious belief in a particular God.
When you ___________, you move through water by making movements with your arms and legs.
A ___________ is a large structure, usually made of stone, which is built to remind people of an event in history or of a famous person.
___________ is land which is controlled by a particular country or ruler. You can also use it to refer to an area of knowledge or experience.
An ___________ is a substance or device that can cause an explosion.
When you ___________ something, you move it along a surface, turning over many times.
Something that is ___________ includes everything that is needed or relevant.
（keys 1 legs 2 knock 3 pension 4 faith 5 swim 6 monument 7 Territory 8 explosive 9 roll 10 comprehensive）
list 122
respectively /r spekt vli/ ad. 各自地，分别地
常见搭配： be construed respectively as… 被分别解释为……
词 族： respective a. 分别的，各自的
真题例句： Children in both double income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable mounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. 双收入家庭和“男性养家”家庭的孩子与父母互动的时间相差无几，分别为19小时和22小时。
year /j (r)/ n. 年，年度，年龄，学年
常见搭配： for years 好几年 year after year 年复一年地；每年=year by year
year round 全年的 throughout the year 全年
lunar new year 农历新年 in years 年老；几年内；在年龄上
词 族： yearly a. 每年的 n. 年刊
真题例句： Every year, tourists around the world come to see the amazing art made by nature.
每年，世界各地的游客都来参观大自然创造的令人惊叹的医生。
encourage / n k r d / vt. 鼓励；促进，支持
常见搭配： encourage sb. to do… 鼓励某人去做某 encourage sb. in… 在某方面鼓励某人
encourage investment 鼓励投资
词 族： encouragement n. 鼓励， encouraging a. 令人鼓舞的；鼓励的，奖励的
encouraged a. 受到鼓舞的
真题例句： Encouraging words to someone who is sad can help them make it through the day.
鼓励性话语可以帮助一个伤心的人度过这一天。
mistake /m ste k/ n. 错误，过失，误会 v. 弄错，误解
常见搭配： make a mistake 犯错误 learn from one’s mistakes 从某人的错误中吸取教训common mistake 常犯的错误
do…by mistake 出于差错而做某事
mistake for… 把……错认为……
and no mistake 无疑地；的确地
careless mistake 粗心错误，疏忽
spelling mistakes 拼写错误
习 语： in mi stake for sth：thinking that sth is sth else 误以为是；错看成
（Children may eat pills in mistake for sweets. 孩子们会把药片错当成糖果吃的。）
词 族： mistaken a. 错误的；弄错的；被误解的 vt. 弄错（mistake的过去分词）
mistakable a. 易弄错的，易误解的
mistakenly ad. 错误地；曲解地，被误解地
真题例句： I’m sorry I took your school uniform by mistake.
对不起，我拿错了你的校服
requirement /r kwa m nt/ n. 要求，必要条件
常见搭配： technical requirement 技术要求 safety requirement 安全要求
requirement for… 对于……的需求
meet/fulfil/satisfy the requirements of… 达到……的要求
basic requirements of life 生活必需品
词 族： require vt. 需要；要求；命令 required a. 必需的；（美）必修的
真题例句： Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. 其它欧洲国家也对移民提出了类似的要求，有些条款甚至更加苛刻。
zoo /zu / n. 动物园，拥挤杂乱的地方
词 族： zoological a. 动物学的；关于动物的 zoonotic a. 动物传染病的
zoology n. 动物学；动物区系
真题例句： The Zoo has some of the most beautiful and rare creatures in the world and offers you a great chance to visit wild animals. 动物园里有一些世界上最美最稀有的动物，为你提供参观野生动物的好机会。
depth /depθ/ n. 深度，深，厚度，深奥，深刻
常见搭配： in depth 深入地；全面地；在深度上 in the depth of 在……里面
the depth of… ……的深度 take a deep breath 做深呼吸
习 语： be out of one’s depth: (1) to be unable to understand sth because it is too difficult; to be in a situation that you cannot control 非某人所能理解；为某人力所不及
(He felt totally out of his depth in his new job. 他感到根本不能胜任这新工作。)
(2) to be in water that is too deep to stand in with one’s head above water 在水深没顶（或够不着底）的地方
词 族： deep a. 深的；低沉的；深奥的 ad. 深深地，在深处
deeply ad. 深刻地； deepen vt. 深化
真题例句： The elephant likes the deep part and the coolest places in the forest.
大象喜欢深林深处和最凉爽地地方。
pick /p k/ vi. 挑选，采摘，挖 vt. 拾取，精选，采摘，掘
n. 选择，鹤嘴锄， 挖，掩护
常见搭配： pick up 拾起，学会，好转，接收，接…，（车）载人
pick up on…注意到；与…熟悉起来 the pick of… ……的精华部分
pick holes 挑毛病 pick and choose 挑挑拣拣
pick out 挑出
词 族：picky a. 挑剔的；吹毛求疵的 picker n. 采摘者；采摘机；啄者；挖掘者
真题例句：He was used to throwing each pebble into the sea as soon as he picked it up.
他习惯于义捡起鹅卵石就把它丢进海里。
likely / la kli/ a. 可能的，可信的 ad. 很可能
常见搭配： be likely to do… 可能会做…… hardly likely 几乎没有可能
It is more than likely that… 很肯能…… as likely as not adv. 很可能，说不定
much more likely 极可能
more likely than not 较有可能；多半可能
most likely 最可能
词 族： like a. 同样的；相似的 prep. 像 v. 喜欢
likable a. 令人喜爱的，可爱的(=likeable)
真题例句： These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.
这些发展可能会使我们目前的自动电话问题变得更加糟糕
词汇辨析： likely, possibly, probably, perhaps
四个词都有“也许，大概，可能”之意，其区别如下：
likely： 侧重于表面迹象看来很有可能。
probably： 根据逻辑推理有很大可能发生
possibly： 客观上有某种可能，和情态动词can,may,must等连用，可能性增大
perhaps： 含有不确定之意，可能性不大
区分训练： (1)It will take three weeks, _________ longer.
(2)Her birthday party will _________ be held next month.
(3)As you _________ know, I am moving to Shanghai.
(4)__________ it will snow next week.
(keys 1 possibly 2 likely 3 probably 4 Perhaps)
fantastic /f n t st k/ a. 极好的，难以置信的，奇异的，幻想的
常见搭配： fantastic job 干的太好了；好样的 fantastic experience 奇妙的经历
fantastic achievement 了不起的成就
词 族： fantasy a. 虚幻的 n. 幻想；白日梦；幻觉 v. 空想；想像
fantastical a. 空想的；捕风捉影的
fantast n. 幻想家；梦想家；脾气古怪的人
真题例句：The world famous historic capitals along the Silk Road and the colorful culture are really fantastic. 丝绸之路沿线的世界著名历史都城和丰富多彩的文化真是台棒了。
例 句：He is given to telling fantastic stories about his travels in Asia.
他喜欢讲述他在亚洲旅行的奇异经历。
根据句意填写单词
_____________ means in the same order as the items that you have just mentioned.
A ________ is a period of twelve months or 365 or 366 days, beginning on the first of January and ending on the thirty-first of December.
If you __________ someone, you give them confidence, for example by letting them know that what they are doing is good and telling them that they should continue to do it.
If you make a __________, you do something which you did not intend to do, or which produces a result that you do not want.
A __________ is a quality or qualification that you must have in order to be allowed to do something or to be suitable for something. The plural form of the word is used to refer to the things that you need.
A __________ is a park where live animals are kept so that people can look at them.
The __________ of something such as a river or hole is the distance downward from its top surface, or between its upper and lower surfaces.
When you __________ flowers, fruit, or leaves, you break them off the plant or tree and collect them.
You use __________ to indicate that something is probably the case or will probably happen in a particular situation.
If you say that something is __________, you are emphasizing that you think it is very good or that you like it a lot.
(keys 1 Respectively 2 year 3 encourage 4 mistake 5 requirement 6 zoo 7 depth 8 pick 9likely 10 fantastic)
List 123
major / me d (r)/ n. 主修，成年人，陆军少校，巨头
主要的，较多的，大部分的 vi. 主修
常见搭配： major in 主修 major factor 主要因素 major general [军]少将
词 族： majority n. 多数
真题例句： I enjoyed studying English, so decided to major in languages at college.
我喜欢学习英语，所以我决定在大学主修语言。
crisis / kra s s/ n. 危机，危急关头
常见搭配：financial crisis 金融危机；财政危机 economic crisis 经济危机
humanitarian crisis 人道主义危机 credit crisis 信用危机
identity crisis 自我认同危机 debt crisis 债务危机
真题例句：Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis.
这里是缓解当前粮食危机的三个步骤。
imply / m pla / vt. 暗示，意指，含有……的意义
词 族： implied a. 含蓄的，暗指的
真题例句： I disliked the implied criticism in his voice.
我讨厌他暗中批评的口吻。
decay /d ke / v. （使）衰退，（使）腐败，腐烂 n. 衰退，腐败，腐烂
常见搭配： fall into decay 破败不堪 tooth decay 蛀牙；龋齿；齵齿
in decay 已腐朽，已腐烂 moral decay 道德败坏
urban decay 城市衰败 economic decay 经济衰退
词 族： decayed a. 腐烂的；腐败的；衰退的
真题例句： The decay reaches the nerves and blood vessels of the inner tooth.
过了一段时间，蛀牙会到达内牙的神经和血管
fear /f (r)/ n. & v.害怕，恐惧，担心
常见搭配： for fear of 为了避免，唯恐 with fear 害怕地；吓得
out of fear 出于恐惧 be in fear of… 害怕……
fear for vt. 为……担心 in fear and trembling 非常恐惧；提心吊胆
习 语： in fear of one’s life: feeling frightened that you might be killed
害怕会丧生；为生命安全担忧
No fear: used to say that you definitely do not want to do sth
（表示决不愿做某事）绝不，当然不
(‘Are you coming climbing ’ ‘No fear!’ “你来爬山吗？”“当然不！”)
词 族： fearful a. 可怕的；担心的；严重的 fearful a. 可怕的；担心的；严重的
fearfully ad. 可怕地；非常地；颇
真题例句： I knew he was playing an interesting game with me to drive my fear.
我知道他在和我玩一个有趣的游戏以驱赶我的恐惧。
scenery / si n ri/ n. 布景，风景，背景
常见搭配：natural scenery 自然风光 picturesque scenery 山清水秀；景色如画
scenery spot 景点；风景区 enjoy the scenery 欣赏风景
词 族：scenic a. 风景优美的；舞台的；戏剧的 n. 风景胜地；风景照片
真题例句：You will find the scenery is more beautiful when you reach the destination than when you started off. 你会发现，当你到达目的地时看到的风景比你出发时看到的更美。
modern / m dn/ a. 现代的，时髦的 n. 现代人，时尚人士
常见搭配： modern times 现代；近代 modern life n. 现代生活；摩登生活
modern civilization 现代文明 modern age 现代；当代
词 族：modernist n. 现代主义者；现代主义艺术家
modernism n. 现代主义；现代思想；现代作风
modernization n. 现代化 modernize v. 使…现代化
真题例句：With the development of modern technology, robots are going into many fields of human beings.
随着现代科技的发展，机器人正在进入人类的许多领域。
tin /t n/ n. 罐头，锡，听头 vt. 镀锡于 a. 锡制的
常见搭配： a tin of… 一听…… tin oxide 二氧化锡
on the tin [美国英语]使用警徽的(指凭此可得到免费用餐等特殊照顾)
词 族：tinned a. 罐头的；镀锡的; 听装的 tinny a. 锡的；含锡的
tinner n. 锡矿工；罐头商
例 句：To paint the bedroom，you will need three tins of paint 要油漆卧室，你需要三桶油漆。
engage / n ɡe d / v. 答应，预定， 是忙碌，雇佣，订婚
常见搭配：engage (sb.) in … (使某人)从事某事 engage with… 与……建立密切关系
engage sb. as… 雇佣某人做…… be engaged in… 忙于……
词 族：engaged a. 使用中的，忙碌的 engaging a. 迷人的
engagingly ad.动人地；吸引人地 engagement n. 婚约；约会；交战；诺言
真题例句：Try to find humor in life and engage in activities that make you laugh.
试着从生活中寻找乐趣，参加那些会让你大笑的活动。
threat /θret/ n. 威胁；恐吓；凶兆
常见搭配： carry out one’s threat 执行某人的威胁 under threat 受到威胁
death threats 死亡威胁 pose a threat to… 对…构成威胁
词 族； threaten v. 威胁，恐吓 threatening a. 危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的
threatened a. 受到威胁的 threateningly ad. 威胁地；危险地；险恶地
真题例句： The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to argriculture.
由于全球变暖造成的冰川融化对农业构成了巨大的威胁。
根据句意填写单词
You use _________ when you want to describe something that is more important, serious, or significant than other things in a group or situation.
A _________ is a situation in which something or someone is affected by one or more very serious problems.
If you _________ that something is the case, you say something that indicates that it is the case in an indirect way.
When something such as a dead body, a dead plant, or a tooth _________, it is gradually destroyed by a natural process. The word can also be used to mean a society, system or institution gradually becomes weaker
________ is the unpleasant feeling you have when you think that you are in danger.
The _________ in a country area is the land, water, or plants that you can see around you.
Something that is _________ is new and involves the latest ideas or equipment.
_________, a chemical element, is a soft silvery-white metal.
If you _________ someone to do a particular job, you appoint them to do it.
A_________ to a person or thing is a danger that something bad might happen to them. It is also the cause of this danger.
（keys 1 major 2 crisis 3 imply 4 decays 5 Fear 6 scenery 7 modern 8 Tin 9 engage 10 threat）
List 124
foot /f t/ n. 脚，最底部，一步长，音步，进程 v. 表演舞步，付账，踩踏，结算
常见搭配： rise/get to one’s feet 起立 be on one’s feet all day 一整天没歇脚
on foot 步行 in bare feet 打赤脚
at the foot of 在…（山）脚下；在…的下部
set foot on… 踏上…… set foot in… v. 踏进；进入；涉足于
foot massage 足部按摩；脚底按摩 under foot adv. 在地面；在脚底
foot and mouth disease [病]口蹄疫
词 族：footage n. 英尺长度；连续镜头；以尺计算长度 footer n. 页脚
习 语： be rushed/run off one’s feet：to be extremely busy; to have too many things to do
忙得不可开交；要做太多的事
fall/land on one’s feet: to be lucky in finding oneself in a good situation, or in getting out of a difficult situation 特别走运；安然脱离困境；幸免于难
get/have a/your foot in the door: to manage to enter an organization, a field of business, etc. that could bring you success 设法加入，涉足（某组织、行业等）
get/start off on the right/wrong foot (with sb): to start a relationship well/badly
开始时关系良好╱不好
get your feet wet: to start doing sth that is new for you 初次涉足；开始做（新鲜的事情）
(At that time he was a young actor, just getting his feet wet. 那时他还是个年轻演员，才初出茅庐)
have feet of clay: to have a fault or weakness in your character 品格上有缺陷（或弱点）
have/keep your feet on the ground: to have a sensible and realistic attitude to life
实事求是；脚踏实地
have/keep a foot in both camps: to be involved in or connected with two different or opposing groups 脚踩两只船
have one foot in the grave: to be so old or ill/sick that one is not likely to live much longer
行将就木；命不久矣；大去之期不远
put your best foot forward: to make a great effort to do sth, especially if it is difficult or you are feeling tired 竭尽全力；全力以赴
put your feet up: to sit down and relax, especially with your feet raised and supported
（尤指架起双腿）坐下休息
put your foot down: 1) to drive faster 踩油门；加速行驶
2) to be very strict in opposing what sb wishes to do 坚决制止；执意反对
(You've got to put your foot down and make him stop seeing her. 你得坚决制止他再见她。)
put your foot in it: to say or do sth that upsets, offends or embarrasses sb (in America, they use “put one’s foot in one’s mouth)
（在语言或行为上）使人不安，冒犯别人，使人尴尬
(I really put my foot in it with Ella—I didn't know she'd split up with Tom. 我真的冒犯了埃拉—我不知道她和汤姆分手了。)
put a foot wrong: to make a mistake 犯错误；做错事（常用于否定句）
set sb/sth on their/its feet：to make sb/sth independent or successful 使独立；使成功
stand on your own (two) feet: to be independent and able to take care of yourself
自立；独立
under your feet: in the way; stopping you from working, etc.
阻碍，妨碍（工作等）；碍手碍脚
(I don't want you kids under my feet while I'm cooking. 我做饭时不希望你们这些孩子在我这儿碍手碍脚的。)
真题例句：In winter he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm.
冬天，他不得不穿一件厚外套，把脚放在箱子里保暖。
fridge /fr d / n. 冰箱 (refrigerator)
真题例句；The woman took me home and put me in the fridge.
那个女人将我带回家，把我放进冰箱。
quote /kw t/ n. 引用 v. 引述，举证，报价
常见搭配：quote from… 引用自……
词 族：quotable a. 可引用的；适于引用的；有引用价值的
quotation n. [贸易] 报价单；引用语；引证
quoter n. 引用者
名言谚语：The devil can quote scripture for its purpose.
魔鬼为达到目的，也会引进据典。
真题例句：If they need to use others’ words, they need to quote them and give the page number, even if it is only one word. 如果他们需要用别人的话语，那么他们就需要引用并给出页码，即使只是引用一个单词。
poetry / p tri/ n. 诗歌，诗意
常见搭配：lyric poetry 抒情诗 epic poetry 史诗
narrative poetry 叙事诗 pastoral poetry 田园诗
词 族：poem n. 诗歌 poetic a. 诗的，诗歌的；诗意的；诗人的
poet n. 诗人 poetically ad. 用韵文；有诗意地
poetize v. 作诗；有诗意地描写
真题例句：Poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. 从城市青年的角度写的诗歌往往会揭露他们对缺乏归属感的
hardworking / hɑ d w k / a. 努力工作的，勤奋的
常见搭配：the hardworking and enterprising spirit 艰苦创业的精神
a hardworking people 一个勤劳的民族
例 句：I like your down-to-earth and hardworking spirit.
我喜欢你们这股扎扎实实埋头苦干的劲儿。
life /la f/ n. 生活，生命，人生，寿命 a. 活的，终身的，生动的 （pl. lives）
常见搭配：all one’s life 某人一生 daily life 日常生活
quality of life 生活质量；基本生活条件 for life 终身；为了保命
real life 现实生活 all walks of life 各界，各行各业
way of life 生活方式 bring…to life 使……更有趣
词 族：lifeless a. 无生命的；死气沉沉的；无趣味的 lifelike a. 栩栩如生的；逼真的
lifelessly ad. 无生命地 lifelessness n. 枯燥无味）；无生命
习 语：be someone’s life: be the most important person or thing to sb
对某人至关重要的人（或事）
come to life: 1) to become more interesting, exciting or full of activity
变得更有趣（或使人兴奋）；变得活跃
2) to start to act or move as if alive （仿佛活着）开始动起来
for one’s life/for dear life: as hard or as fast as possible 尽最大努力；拼命；尽快
(She was holding on to the rope for dear life. 她死命抓着那根绳子。)
for the life of sb. : however hard you try 无论怎样努力
(I cannot for the life of me imagine why they want to leave.
我怎么也想象不出他们为什么要走。)
frighten/scare the life out of sb. : to frighten sb very much
把某人吓得魂不附体；使魂飞魄散
full of life/beans: having a lot of energy 充满活力；精力充沛；生气勃勃
get a life: used to tell sb to stop being boring and to do sth more interesting
（让人别再令人厌烦，要做更有趣的事）来点儿有意思的
lay down one’s life for… to die in order to save…. （为挽救……）牺牲生命，献身
the life and soul of… : the most amusing and interesting person at a party, etc.
（聚会等场合）最活跃风趣的人
make life difficult for sb. : to cause problems for sb
（给某人）惹麻烦，造成困难，出难题
not on one’s life: used to refuse very firmly to do sth （断然拒绝）决不会
take one’s life: to kill sb. 杀死（某人）；取某人的性命
take one’s own life: to kill oneself 自杀
名言谚语：Where there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
Life is too short. 人生苦短
Life is cheap. 视人性命如草芥
delete /d li t/ vt. 删除
常见搭配：delete all 全部删除 delete … from… 从…上删掉…
delete as appropriate 酌情删除
词 族：deletion n. 删除；[遗] 缺失；删除部分
真题例句：You may think when you tap the trashcan icon to delete a photo, that photo is no longer on your phone. 你可能会认为，当你点击垃圾桶图标删除一张照片时，那张照片已经不在你的手机里了。
词汇辨析：eliminate，remove，delete
三个词都有“删除”之意，其区别如下：
eliminate：删除具有负面意义的抽象事物
remove： 既可用于抽象物体，也可用于具体事物，指去除妆容，衣物时只能用remove
delete； 从某一系统中将条目删除，如电话号码，文件等
区分训练：1) Oh,gosh，I ________ the file I need for today’s presentation.
2)Discrimination in America has not been ___________.
3)Please ________ your shoes before coming inside.
(keys 1 deleted 2 eliminated 3 remove)
contact / k nt kt/ n. 接触，联系，联系人 a. 接触的
v. （与）联系，（与）接触
常见搭配： in contact with… 接触；与…有联系
eye contact 目光接触；眼神交会
come/get into contact with v. 接触到；联系；开始做某事
be brought into contact with… 接触……
lose contact with… 失去与……的联系
真题例句：To make it easier to contact us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
为了方便联系我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。
forget v. 忘记，忽略
常见搭配： forget oneself 忘我，忘乎所以 forgive and forget 既往不咎
forget to do… 忘记要做某事 forget doing … 忘记做过某事
词 族：forgetful a. 健忘的；不注意的；疏忽的；使遗忘的
forgettable a. 可忘记的；容易被忘的
forgetfully ad. 不注意地；健忘地
forgetfulness n. 健忘，忽略
真题例句：One day, he forgot to turn off the fire after cooking porridge.
有一天，他煮完粥后忘了关火。
toy /t / n. 玩具，小装饰品 a. 供玩耍的，玩具的 vi. 玩弄，调情
常见搭配：toy store 玩具店 toy with 玩弄；不很认真地考虑
wooden toy 木制玩具 electric toy 电动玩具 toy bricks 积木
toy factory 玩具厂
真题例句：There were only two ways for me to do this—working in the toy factory in my town or getting married. 要做到这一点，我只有两条路——在我家乡的玩具厂工作，或者结婚。
根据句意填写单词
Your __________ are the parts of your body that are at the ends of your legs, and that you stand on.
__________ is a piece of electrical equipment in which food is kept cold so that it stays fresh and can last longer.
If you __________ someone as saying something, you repeat what they have written or said.
Poems, considered as a form of literature, are referred to as __________.
If someone is__________, they work very hard.
__________ is the quality which people, animals, and plants have when they are not dead, and which objects and substances do not have.
If you __________ something that has been written down or stored in a computer, you cross it out or remove it.
If you come into __________ with someone or something, you meet that person or thing in the course of your work or other activities.
If you __________ something that you had intended to bring with you, you do not bring it because you did not think about it at the right time.
A __________ is an object that children play with, for example, a doll or a model car.
(keys1 feet 2 Fridge 3 quote 4 poetry 5 hardworking 6 Life 7 delete 8 contact 9 forget 10 toy)
List 125
risk /r sk/ n. 风险，危险 vt. 冒……风险
常见搭配： at risk 处于危险中 at the risk of 冒着…的危险
take the risk 承担风险 risk investment 风险投资
risk one’s life 冒着生命危险 be worth the risk 值得冒险
at risk to… 冒着伤及……的危险
do…at your own risk 风险自担 run a/the risk of… 冒着……风险
词 族：risky a. 危险的；冒险的 riskless a. 无危险的；安全的
riskily ad. 冒险地；近乎淫秽地 riskiness n. 冒险的事；危险
真题例句：Teenage boys at this stage often begin to take unnecessary risks.
十几岁的男孩在这个阶段往往开始冒不必要的风险。
waste /we st/ n. 浪费，废物，荒地 v. 浪费，滥用，消耗
浪费的，无用的， 荒芜的
常见搭配： waste…on… 在……上浪费…… waste …(in) doing… 浪费……做……
a waste of 浪费…
词 族： wasteful a. 浪费的，不经济的；奢侈的 wastefully ad. 浪费地；挥霍地
wastefulness n. 浪费；挥霍无度
真题例句：One kind of the dangerous waste in homes is batteries.
家中危险的废物之一就是废电池。
lose /lu z/ vt. & vi. 丢失，损失，失败，摆脱 （lost, lost）
常见搭配： lose oneself in… 沉迷于…… lose out to… 被……取代
Lose out on sth. 得不到（应有之物） lose heart 灰心丧气
lose sight of… 看不到…… lose one’s life 丧生
lose faith in… 不再信任…… lose face 丢脸
get lost 迷路 lost and found office 失物招领处
词 族：lost a. 失去的；丧失的；迷惑的 loser n. 失败者；遗失者
真题例句：The young deer lost his life because he didn’t know his strength and weakness.
小鹿丧生，因为他不知道自己的优缺点。
pay /pe / v. 支付，盈利，受益；付出代价 a. 要钱的，具有开采价值的
n. 薪资，雇佣
常见搭配： pay back 偿还，报复 pay for… 付款
pay off 还清，得到回报 pay attention to… 注意……
pay the bill 付账，买单 pay up 付清全部欠款
pay sb. off 结清工资后解雇某人；买通某人
pay pliments 夸奖某人 pay tribute to sth. 赞扬某事
pay a call on sb. 拜访某人，看望某人
习 语： pay one’s way: to pay for everything oneself without having to rely on anyone else
自力偿付一切；自食其力
pay through the nose (for sth): to pay much too much money for sth 付过高的价(sometimes we say: pay good money for sth.)
pay court to sb：to treat sb with great respect in order to gain favour with them
献殷勤；奉迎；讨
pay dividends：to produce great advantages or profits 有所收获；产生效益
pay its way： (of a business,etc) to make enough money to pay what it costs to keep it going
（企业等）赢利运作；不负债；收支平衡（we also say “pay for itself）
pay the penalty for … to suffer because of bad luck, a mistake or sth you have done
因…受害╱付代价 (we also say: “pay a/the price for sth./doing sth.)
名言谚语： You pays your money and you takes your choice.
如何选择由你做主（表示各种选择的分别不大）
He who pays the piper calls the tune 花钱的人说了算；财大者气粗
词 族：payable a. 应付的；到期的 payment n. 付款；报酬；偿还；报应
payee n. 领款人，收款人 payer n. 付款人；支付者
真题例句：The businessman didn’t pay the keeper’s bill because he lost his money.
这个商人因为丢了钱而没有付老板的账单。
weekend / wi k end/ n. 周末 a. 周末的 vi. 过周末
常见搭配：at/on (the) weekend 在周末 over the weekend 整个周末
词 族：weekender n. 周末旅行者
真题例句：Last weekend we went camping in a small village in India.
上周末，我们去印度的一个小村庄露营了。
hard /hɑ d/ a. 硬的，坚硬的，努力的，困难的 ad. 努力地， 猛烈地，坚定地
常见搭配： work hard 努力工作 study hard 努力学习 hard disk 硬盘
hard to say 很难说
习 语： be hard on sb/sth： 1) to treat or criticize sb in a very severe or strict way
严厉对待，严格批评（某人╱某事）
2) to be difficult for or unfair to sb/sth 使…为难；对…不公平
3) to be likely to hurt or damage sth 可能损伤，可能损坏（某物）
drive/strike a hard bargain: to argue in an aggressive way and force sb to agree on the best possible price or arrangement 狠狠地杀价
hard and fast: that cannot be changed in any circumstances
板上钉钉；不容更改(常与否定词连用)
(There are no hard and fast rules about this. 这事没有什么硬性的规定。)
(as) hard as nails: showing no sympathy, kindness or fear
冷酷无情；铁石心肠；毫无惧色
hard cheese: used as a way of saying that you are sorry about sth, usually ironically (= you really mean the opposite) （常作反话）太不幸了，真够倒霉
hard going: difficult to understand or needing a lot of effort 难懂；费力
(I'm finding his latest novel very hard going. 我觉得他最近的这部小说很晦涩。)
the hard way:by having an unpleasant experience or by making mistakes
通过痛苦的经历；通过出错
(She won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to learn the hard way .
她不肯听我的忠告，所以只好吃了苦头才知道厉害。)
make hard work of sth: to use more time or energy on a task than is necessary
在某事上耗费过多时间（或精力）；费冤枉力
no hard feelings: used to tell sb you have been arguing with or have beaten in a contest that you would still like to be friendly with them
（向争论或打败的对方表示继续友好）别往心里去，别记恨
(It looks like I'm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh 看来我又赢了。你不会不高兴吧，戴夫？)
play hard to get: to make yourself seem more attractive or interesting by not immediately accepting an invitation to do sth 故作姿态；故意摆谱；佯装拿架子
too much like hard work: needing too much effort 太费力
(I can't be bothered making a hot meal—it's too much like hard work. 我懒得做热饭热菜—太麻烦了)
词 族：hardy a. 坚强的；勇敢的；能吃苦耐劳的；鲁莽的
hardship n. 困苦；苦难；艰难险阻 hardness n. [物] 硬度；坚硬；困难；冷酷
harden vt. 使…变硬；使…坚强；使…冷酷；使…麻木不仁
真题例句：In learning, a hard-working fool gets more than a lazy wise.
在学习上，一个勤奋的傻瓜比一个懒惰的聪明人得到更多。
explanation / ekspl ne n/ n. 解释，说明
常见搭配： an adequate explanation for… (做)……的充分理由 in explanation of 解释
special explanation 特别说明 without explanation 未作解释
offer/provide an explanation 给予解释
词 族： explain v. 解释，说明 explanatory a. 解释的；说明的
explainable a. 可辩解的；可说明的
真题例句： Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple grey dress, looked pleased with this explanation. 韦尔蒂身材苗条，穿着一件简单的灰色连衣裙，坐在房间的沙发上，看上去对这个解释很满意。
nearby / n ba / a. 附近的 ad. 在附近
常见搭配：some place nearby 附近的某个地方
真题例句：He and his wife Donna lived in a block nearby.
他和他妻子住在附近的一个街区
impatient / m pe nt/ a. 不耐烦的，急躁的
常见搭配： too impatient to wait 迫不及待 be impatient with 对…不耐烦；对…感到急躁
be impatient for adj. 急切，渴望
词 族： impatiently ad. 无耐性地 impatience n. 急躁；无耐心
真题例句： He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.
他对那个女人有点不耐烦。
cruelty / kru lti/ n. 残酷，残忍，虐待，残酷的行为
常见搭配： cruelty to… 对……残忍
词 族： cruel a. 残酷的，残忍的 cruelly ad. 残酷地；非常
cruelness n. 残酷；残忍
例 句： The deliberate cruelty of his words cut her like a knife.
他故意说的残酷无情的话对她像刀割一样。
根据句意填写单词
If something that you do is a _______, it might have unpleasant or undesirable results.
If you _______ something such as time, money, or energy, you use too much of it doing something that is not important or necessary, or is unlikely to succeed.
If you _______ a contest, a fight, or an argument, you do not succeed because someone does better than you and defeats you.
When you _______ something such as a bill or a debt, you pay the amount that you owe.
A ___________ is Saturday and Sunday.
Something that is _______ is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken.
If you give an ___________ of something that has happened, you give people reasons for it, especially in an attempt to justify it.
If something is _______, it is only a short distance away.
If you are ________, you are annoyed because you have to wait too long for something.
________ is behaviour that deliberately causes pain or distress to people or animals.
（keys1 risk 2 waste 3 lose 4 pay 5 weekend 6 hard 7 explanation 8 nearby 9 impatient 10 Cruelty）
高考必备词汇讲与练
知识成就梦想：学习创造未来！ 1