2022届高考英语二轮复习:九大状语从句分类专项讲解讲义

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名称 2022届高考英语二轮复习:九大状语从句分类专项讲解讲义
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九大状语从句分类专项讲解 2022届高考英语语法总复习
在句中作状语用的从句叫做状语从句。它可修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或是整个句子。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导。也可以由词组引 起,有时不需要连词而直接和主句连接起来。
I’ll go wherever the Party leads us.
我要永远跟党走。 (wherever 引导状语从句,状语从句修饰谓语动词go)
As soon as he gets there, he’ll call me.
只要他一到那儿,就会给我打电话。
(词组as soon as 引导状语从句,修饰主句。)
Say what you may, I won’t change my mind.(△△)
不管你怎么说,我是不会改变主意的。
(没有用连词,直接和主句连接起来了。)
状语从句可以表示:时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、 目的、地点、行为方式、比较等。
表示时间的状语从句
由时间连接词引导的表示时间的状语从句叫时间状语从句。
连接时间状语从句的引导词有哪些:when, while, as soon as, until, before, after, since.
常考的考点有两个方面:
第一是引导词when
第二是引导词while
难点剖析 :when & while
when(当……时),while(在……期间)
1. when 意为“当……时”引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同
时或先后发生;when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词,也可
以用终止性动词。
2. while 引导时间状语从句意为“与……同时,在……期间”。while 引导的时间
状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。
综合这两个定义和用法,总结了英语公式我们来套用一下。
短动作 (一过) + when/while + 长动作 (过进)
长动作 (过进) + when + 短动作 (一过)
长动作 (过进) + while + 长动作 (过进)
注: 这里的过进等于过去进行时态
出三个题目来做一下哈,1 代表when,2代表while.
I was playing games ____1____ (when/while) my mom came in.
I was playing games ____2____ (when/while) my mom was cooking.
My mom came in ___1.2都可___ (when/while) I was playing games.
再来两个例句考证一下:
When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.
你过马路时,一定要小心
They rushed in while we were discussing problems.
当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。
小口诀记忆: when后长短while后长;
两长while两短when。
3.引导词as soon as 译为“一......就......”。该从句经常用一般现在时表将来,遵循主将从现原则。
主将从现?主句是一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。
区分一下引导词后面的是从句哈
例句: I will fall in love with him as soon as I see him.
我一看到他,我就会爱上了他.
考题:
I’ll lend you the story book as soon as I ________ it.
A. will finish reading
B. will finish to read
C. finish reading
D. finish to read
答案选择C,主将从现
4.引导词 until
until表示“直到......”
例句:你可以待在这直到天晴
You can stay here until it is clear
有一个短语 not....until 表示直到......才
解释一下:当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,用否定形式表示主句的谓语所表示的
动作直到 until 所表示的时间才发生。构成句式 not…until…,有时不用 not,
而用其他如 nothing,never 等表示否定的词。
例句考题:
We don’t know the love of our parents _________ we become parents ourselves one day.
A. since
B. after
C. until
D. before
正确答案:C
句意:直到我们自己有一天成为父母,才会懂得我们父母的爱,not....until 直到...才。
5.引导词 since
since 引导的时间状语从句表示“自……以来”,主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
简洁明了就是: 主现完从一过
第一个句式:主句(现完)+ since + 从句(一过)
【例】I have worked in this company since I graduated.
从毕业到现在,我一直在这家公司上班
第二个句式 “It is/has been +时间段+since 从句”句式表示“自……以来有(多久)”。
It has been two years since he first ______ (meet) UFO.
这里填met
第三个句式:It is + 一段时间 + since + 从句(一过)
例句:lt's ten years (填since) I met you in Qingdao last time.
6.引导词 as
as 引导时间状语从句时,可以表达“正当,一边……一边,随着”等意思。
第一种情况: 表示某事一发生,另一事随即发生。
例句:As the sun rose, rainbow disappeared.
太阳一出来,彩虹消散了。
第二种情况:表示两个动作同时发生。
例句:She sang as she danced
她一边唱歌一边跳舞
第三种情况:表示某事发生的过程中另一件事发生。(从句用进行时态)
As he was singing, there was a loud explosion.
正当他在唱歌的时候,出现了一声巨响。
7.引导词 before & after
before 表示“在……之前”,after 表示“在……之后”。
例句:He was already asleep before I entered the door.
在我进门之前他已经睡着了.
liju:After returning home, I find him watching T.
回到家之后,我发现他正在看电视.
看到这里做两道题目吧:
考题一:Mike_____the good news to his mother as soon as he _____ his mother after school.
A. will tell; sees
B. tells; sees
C. tell; see
D. will tell; will see
考题二:As soon as Jane_________here, I’ll post the letter to Mike.
A. leave
B. will leave
C. leaves
D. left
答案:考题一:A;考题二:C
表示条件的状语从句
条件状语从句由连词:if ,unless(=if not)(on condition)引导。
1 if:如果
由if 引导的条件句分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句,(虚拟条件句
请参阅本书虚拟语气部分)。
常用句型:祈使句+and/or……
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go there.
从句(一般现在时) 主句(将来时)
如果明天不下雨,我们就去那儿。
注意
条件句与时间状语一样,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现
在时。
If you use your head, you’ll find a way.
=Use your head ,and you’ll find a way.
他要动动脑子的话,他就会想出办法来。
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the bus.
=Hurry up, or you’ll miss the bus.
快点儿,否则你就会赶不上(错过)这班车了。
2 unless (=if……not)除非不能用于虚拟语气。
I won’t attend the meeting unless I am invited.
(=I won’t attend the meeting if I am not invited.)
我将不参加会议,除非我被邀请。
(如果我不被邀请,我将不参加会议。)
Unless bad weather stops me, I jog every day.
除非坏天气作梗,否则我每天都慢跑。
表示让步的状语从句
让步状语从句用连词though, although, even if, even though,however, whatever, whoever, whichever 等引导。
1 though, although:虽然
though, although 当“虽然”讲,但是它们不能和 but 连用。
Although he was tired, he went on working.
=He was tired but he went on working.
=He went on working though he was tired.
(×)Although he was tired but he went on working.
虽然他累了,可是他还是在继续干活。
I was late for the last train although(though)I hurried.
虽然我拼命赶路,还是没赶上最后一班火车。
★倒装句(详见倒装句部分)
Though he is young, he knows a lot.
=Young as he is, he knows a lot.
虽然他年轻,可是他懂得(不少)很多。
2 even if =even though “即使…………,也”
Even if (Even though)your teacher said so, you need n ot believe him.
即使你的老师这么说,你也不必相信。
Even though(Even if) it is raining, we’ll go.
即使下雨了,我们也要去。
Even if I were busy, I would go.(虚拟语气)
即使我忙,我也要去。(事实上我并不忙)
Even if I am busy, I will go.(陈述语气)
虽然我忙,我也要去。(我现在的确很忙)
注意
even if 和even though 所引导的状语从句中的动词用陈述语气或
虚拟语气,其意义有所不同。
3 复合关系词引导的状语从句
You may go wherever you like.
=You may go to any place where you like. (定语从句)
你愿意去哪儿就可以去哪儿。
Whenever he comes, he asks the same question.
=At any time when he comes he asks the same question.
=No matter when he comes, he asks the same question.
无论他什么时候来,他总是问同样的问题。
I will buy the book, however expensive it is.
=I will buy the book ,no matter how expensive it is.
无论这本书有多贵,我也要买它。
表示原因的状语从句
原因状语从句由连词:because, since, as,引导也可由now, that等词引导。
1 because, since, as, for(并列连词)比较
在语气上,because 最重,其次是since, as。for 一般并 不表示原因,表示理由、进一步说明,这是一个并列连 词,但易与上述三个连词混淆,故放在这里加以比较。
这四个词在汉语中都可译为“因为”。
1.because 因为……
a.语气最重,回答why(为什么)时只能用它。
Why are you absent Because I am ill.
你为什么缺席?因为我病了。
(它多放在主句之后)
注意
since 和as 表示原因时,通常放在句首。
b.because 不能和so 连用,不能像汉语似的写成 “因为……所以”
He is disappointed because he failed again. (○)
So he is disappointed because he failed again. (×)
因为他又失败了,所以他感到失望。
2.since 既然……
表示对方已经知道的事实或理由。
Since everybody is here, Let’s begin.
既然大家都来了,那咱们就开始吧。
Since no one is against it, we’ll pass it.
既然没人反对,那就通过了。
3.as 由于……
表示较为明显的原因,语气较弱,比较口语化。
As you request it, I will come.
=I’ll come because you request it.
(因为)由于你的要求,所以我要来。(语气缓和)
As she is not well, I’ll go myself.
=I’ll go myself because she is not well.
由于(因为)她身体不好,我将自己去。
4.for 因为……
一般只表示理由。
The day breaks because the sun is rising.
(必然的因果关系)
天亮了,因为太阳出来了。。
The day breaks ,for the birds are singing.
(不是直接的原因,而是推断的结果。)
天亮了,因为鸟在叫。
(因为鸟叫了,可能还会是别的原因:人来了,快地震了……)
比较
because 表示的是直接的理由。for 表示的是推断的理由。
注意
for 表原因时不能放在句首且口语中很少用for 表原因。
2 now that:因为
Now that I have visited some places, I believe China is a great
country.
看了许多地方,我相信中国是个伟大的国家。
表示目的、结果的状语从句
目的状语从句由连词 that, so that, so……that, in order that引导。
结果状语从句由连词 (so)that, so……that, such……that, somuch/many……that 引导。
1 so that; so……that
可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句,请注意其区别。
当它们引导目的状语从句时,从句的谓语里常有can, could, may,might, will, would 等词。
而当引导结果状语从句时则没有上述这些词,而且从内容上看主句和它们引起的结果状语从句有因果关系,主句为因,从句为果。
比较
I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.(目的)
我将慢慢讲以使你听懂我的话。
He spoke slowly so that I understood him.(结果)
他说得慢,结果(所以)我听懂了他的话。
比较
He always studies so hard that he may make great progress.
(目的状语从句)
他总是那么努力地学习,这样,他才会取得很大的进步。
He always studied so hard that he made great progress.
他总是那么努力地学习,结果他取得了很大的进步。
比较
I opened the window so that fresh air might come in.(目的)
我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。
I opened the window so that fresh air came in.(结果)
我把窗户打开这样新鲜空气就进来了。
2 in order that:为了…………
in order that 和so that; so……that 表示目的时一样,从句的 谓语动词里常有can, could, may might, will, would 等词,它和不定式in order to; so as to;和to……表示目的时意思是一样的,只不过不定式表示目的时,句子是简单句。
He raised his hand high in order that/so that he might be seen.
=He raised his hand so high that he might be seen.
还可以用以下的简单句(不定式表达):
=He raised his hand so as to be seen.
=In order to be seen he raised his hand high.
=He raised his hand high in order to be seen.
=To be seen he raised his hand high.
=He raised his hand high to be seen.
他把手举高以便于别人能看见他。
Please speak up in order that/so that we may hear you clearly.
请你声音大一点,以便我们都能听清楚。
注意
so as to 只能放在后面,不能放在句首。
3 so……that/such……that 如此…………以至
so 为副词,后面可接形容词或副词;such 为形容词,后 面只能接名词。
天气那么好,我们大家都想去公园玩。
(such 和so 后面所真正修饰的词是名词weather,而非形容词
nice,所以不可用so)
多么好的天气啊,我们大家都想去公园玩。
(so 修饰honest; such, an 和 honest 都是修饰 boy 的形容词)
他是如此的诚实,以至老师们都非常喜欢他。
(such 和so 后面真正修饰的词是pictures,所以不可用so)
它们是那么漂亮的画,以至于我想把它们全买了。
注意
不可以用so……that 代替
句型:such + a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that
=so + 形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+that
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
迈克是如此诚实的一位工人,以至于大家都相信他。
1 . 当可数名词前有many, few; 不可数名词前有 much,little 修饰时
句型:so many(few, much, little)+名词+that
因为此时so(副词)修饰many, few, much, little,而不修饰名词。
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
我摔了许多跤,以至于我浑身青一块,紫一块。
Mr.Green had so little education that he was unable to get a job.
格林先生受的教育那么少,以至于他不能得到一份工作。
There are so few books that I can’t give you any.
我简直没有什么书,连一本也不能给你。
He had so much work to do that he had to decide not to see the film that night.
他有那么多工作要做,只有决定那天晚上不去看电影。
2.so……that:表示结果,也可以用简单句(不定式)来表示
He was so kind that he helped me.
=He was so kind as to help me.
他人很好,所以帮助我。
表示地点的状语从句
地点状语由连词where 和复合关系词wherever(=no matter where) 引导。
1 where 的用法
Go where you want.
去你想去的地方。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
=Where you have any questions you’d better make a mark.
哪儿有问题,你就在哪儿做个记号。
注意
注意这不是定语从句
2 wherever :不论何处(=no matter where)
多用于句首
Wherever there is smoke, there is fire.
(无火不生烟)无风不起浪。(不论在什么地方,只 要有烟就有火。)
表示方式的状语从句
方式状语从句就是表示动作方式的状语从句,其连词主要有:as, (in) the way (that), (just) as...so..., as if, as though 等。方式状语从句多置于主句后。
一、as 和 (in) the way (that) 。
举例:
I did just as / the way you told me. 我正是照你说的做的。
二、(just) as...so...。
举例:
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 人离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
三、as if 和 as though。
举例:
You answer as if / as though you did not know the rule. 你回答问题好像你不知道这条规则似的。
She closed her eyes as if / as though she were tired. 她闭上眼睛,好像是累了。
表示比较的状语从句
比较状语从句主要运用于形容词、副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。
原级: as……as; not so(as)……as
比较级:more……than
最高级:the most……in(of)……
这几种句型请参阅初级版中形容词及副词章节。对初级版没涉及的几种用法,这里加以解释:
①This film is more interesting than that one.
这部电影比那部有意思。
②This film is the more interesting of the two films.
这部电影是两个电影中比较有趣的。
③This film is the most interesting of the three.
这部电影是三部中最有趣的。
说明
例①两部电影的比较。
例②从两部电影中选择了这一部。
例③三个以上比较或从中选择则用最高级。
I have no more than ten yuan.
我才有十元钱。 (太少了)
I have not more than ten yuan.
我的钱不超过十元。 (客观地说出事实,没有感彩。)
They have learned no more than two thousand words.
他们才学了(只不过才学了)2000 个单词。(强调他们学得少)
We have learned not more than three thousand words.
我们学了3000 个单词。(客观的说明)
The film is no more interesting than that one.
这部电影和那部电影一样没意思(没趣)。
(那部电影没趣,这部电影也不比它好多少)(都不好)
The whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
鲸不是鱼,正如同马不是鱼一样。