单元素养培优(五) Unit 5
Ⅰ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. There is no absolute (absolutely) success in the world, only constant progress.
2. The crowd panicked (panic) at the sound of the fire alarm.
3. The flags were waving (wave) in the wind when we looked up at them.
4. Actually (actual), the cost of the house was much higher than what we had expected.
5. My mother asked me to express my appreciation (appreciate) to the kind man.
6. The reason why I was so happy yesterday was that I had an appointment (appoint) with my girl friend.
7. Whenever I was in trouble, my parents were very anxious (anxiety).
8. Students mustn’t touch the new equipment (equip) in our classrooms.
9. The desk is not suitable (suit) for a girl.
10. The washing machine is guaranteed (guarantee) for three years.
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词或副词填空
1. On the bus I always glance through my mobile phone.
2. To our relief, my sister gave birth to a healthy baby last night.
3. Every person wants to have a gift for making money.
4. He picked up the rubbish and threw it into a dustbin.
5. The country is home to a large variety of wildlife.
6. The prices of clothes in this shop vary from 100 to 1, 000 yuan.
7. It is said that the whole building was burned to the ground in that big fire.
8. The teacher was on the point of going to the office when the telephone rang.
9. Many people made their way to the village where the accident happened.
10. He was amazed at the old man’s behavior.
Ⅲ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. Mary being ill, I took the place of her to attend the meeting.
玛丽病了, 我代替她参加会议。
2. Mr Wang was about to have the lesson when someone knocked at the door.
王老师刚要上课, 这时有人敲门。
3. Nobody likes her. That’s because she doesn’t keep her word.
没有人喜欢她。那是因为她不遵守诺言。
4. It is said that the new law will come into effect next month.
据说新法律下个月开始生效。
5. Having waited in the queue for half an hour, the novelist suddenly realized that he hadn’t taken money.
已排队等候半个小时, 这位小说家突然意识到他没带钱。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
London has just signed to be the first National Park City. Sadiq Khan, mayor of London, along with several organizations and individuals, signed the London National Park City Charter(宪章) on Monday.
London is already extremely park-like. With a large number of urban parks and waterways and 8. 4 million trees, it has a lower urban density (密度) than many other major cities. It is also home to 15, 000 species.
The charter aims to improve the lives and well-being of people and wildlife by improving the natural environment of the city. In practical terms, that means trying to reach the goal of turning 50% of the city into green space by 2050. That can be achieved by asking residents to change empty lots and yards into gardens, planting more trees throughout the city and even cutting holes in garden fences. Adding green roofs to existing buildings is also part of the plan.
One way to help achieve its goal is pairing development with conservation. London is expected to add some 2 million new residents to its current population by 2040, meaning it needs thousands and thousands of new homes. Home developers can play a role by surrounding new homes with parks or nature reserves.
“Inspired by the aims and values of the world’s national parks, the London National Park City is fundamentally about making life better in the capital through both small everyday things and long-term strategic thinking. ” says Daniel Raven Ellison, founder of the concept.
“It’s about lifting our ambitions; going further to make the city greener, healthier and wilder; improving our mental health, cleaning our air; making the city richer in wildlife: freeing children to play and meet friends outdoors again; solving the climate crisis and bringing more joy to the city. ” He added.
Timothy Beatley, an urban planner, says countless cities have already woken up to the idea that greening and improving natural connections make urban life much better. “The basic idea is that nature in cities is not optional but absolutely essential to a happy, healthy and meaningful life. ” He says.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伦敦刚刚签署成为第一个国家公园城市, 还描述了它的现状以及将来的一些具体做法。
1. What are mentioned in Paragraphs 3 and 4 about the green move
A. The conflicts caused by the charter.
B. Different voices about the move.
C. Specific ways to expand green space.
D. Challenges the move will run into.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段That can be achieved by asking residents to change empty lots. . . part of the plan和第四段的Home developer can play a role by surrounding new homes with parks or nature reserves. 可知文章从居民和房屋开发商两个方面描述了绿色行动的具体做法。
2. The founder and the planner mentioned both hold a(an) attitude to the charter.
A. skeptical B. critical
C. reserved D. favorable
【解析】D。推理判断题。根据第五、六段理论的创立者Daniel Raven Ellison描述伦敦国家公园城的种种好处, 以及第七段城市规划师Timothy Beatley说城市的自然对于幸福、健康和有意义的生活来说不是可有可无的, 而是绝对必要的。可知, 他们的态度都是赞成的。
3. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. A green and meaningful life in London
B. London is to be “National Park City”
C. Reasons for more green space in London
D. Green ways to make London park-like
【解析】B。标题归纳题。根据第一段London has just signed to be the first National Park City. 伦敦刚刚签署成为第一个国家公园城市, 并且全文紧紧围绕伦敦成为国家公园城市的现状以及对未来的具体做法展开, 可知, 本文标题应该是伦敦成为“国家公园城市”。
B
Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾脏) don’t work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.
It’s not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection (诊查)difficult.
Kidney’s main job is to remove toxins (毒素) and unwanted water from our blood. Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no obvious pain.
Research shows that more than 35% of the patients requiring dialysis do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage. Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades. Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential risk factors for the kidney disease.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了肾脏的功能是清除体内垃圾, 如果肾脏功能缺失, 体内垃圾无法清除就会导致各种疾病。文章还说明了一些会导致肾脏疾病的危险因素, 以及多做运动, 及早发现肾脏疾病对预防肾脏损害最有效。
4. The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that .
A. it doesn’t matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time
B. our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently
C. it’s important for our body to empty the waste in time every day
D. it’s safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste
【解析】选C。 推理判断题。根据第三段中Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins. 可知, 作者以我们居住的房子为例, 是为了指出我们的身体每天及时排空垃圾是很重要的。
5. The underlined word “insidious” in Paragraph 3 means .
A. smooth and safe
B. clear and fast
C. gradual and unnoticed
D. long and painful
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据下文process that may lead to kidney failure begins以及第五段最后一句Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no obvious pain. 可知, 身体没有完全清除垃圾, 那么可能导致肾功能衰竭的潜在过程就会开始, 故画线单词意思为“渐进的和不被注意的”。
6. We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, .
A. the kidney failure begins
B. the kidneys can still work properly
C. we have lost about 10% of kidney function
D. the kidneys may have been seriously damaged
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段It’s not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection difficult. 可推知, 当我们发现一些与肾脏有关的症状时, 肾脏可能已经严重受损。
7. Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively
A. Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.
B. Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.
C. Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.
D. Go to hospital whenever you find any warning signs.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段It’s not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection difficult. 以及最后一段中Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential risk factors for the kidney disease. 可知, 多做运动, 及早发现肾脏疾病对预防肾脏损害最有效。
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Palms sweaty, heart racing, you can’t cry for help. Not only is your throat too tight to 1 , but it’d be so embarrassing. No, you aren’t being chased by a monster, you’re speaking in 2 . And the 3 feeling is called stage fright. But at some point, we all have to communicate in front of people, 4 you have to try and face it.
To start, we have to understand what stage fright is. Humans, as 5 living creatures, often worry about their reputation. Public speaking can 6 it. Before a speech, you feel anxious, “What if people think I’m awful ” That 7 of being seen as a fool is a natural reaction from your brain that is very 8 to control. Scientists call it the fight or flight response, which is designed to protect your body from harm. So, if you feel your legs shake and blood pressure 9 , don’t panic. It’s totally 10 .
How do we fight stage fright First, you have to realize that you can’t 11 it because genes play a huge role in social 12 . John Lennon played live thousands of times, each time he vomited(呕吐) before going on stage. Second, 13 a lot, starting long before in an environment similar to the real performance. Practicing any task increases your familiarity and 14 anxiety. So when it’s time to speak in public, you’re 15 in yourself and the task at hand. Steve Jobs rehearsed his legendary speeches for hundreds of hours, starting weeks 16 . Third, doing some warming-up activities can 17 . Stretch your arms up and breathe deeply. Stage fright usually hits 18 right before a presentation, so take that last minute to stretch and breathe.
Finally, you approach the microphone, voice clear, body relaxed. Your 19 speech convinces the wild crowd. You’re a charming genius. How You don’t overcome stage fright, you 20 it.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了怯场的意义以及介绍了一些克服怯场的方法。
1. A. read B. breathe
C. drink D. turn
【解析】选B 。句意: 不仅你的喉咙紧得不能呼吸, 而且还会很尴尬。read阅读; breathe呼吸; drink喝; turn转动。根据上文your throat too tight to可知是喉咙不能呼吸。
2. A. nature B. short
C. public D. surprise
【解析】选C 。句意: 不, 你不是被怪物追, 你是在公众场合讲话。nature自然; short短的; public公众的; surprise惊奇。根据下文we all have to communicate in front of people可知是在公众场合讲话。
3. A. comfortable B. upset
C. sad D. angry
【解析】选B。句意: 这种不安的感觉就叫怯场。comfortable舒适的; upset不安的; sad悲伤的; angry生气的。根据上文喉咙紧无法呼吸可知是不安的感觉。
4. A. once B. or C. but D. so
【解析】选D。句意: 但在某些时候, 我们都必须在人们面前交流, 所以你必须试着去面对它。once一旦; or或者; but但是; so因此。根据前后文语境可知为因果关系。
5. A. endangered B. trained
C. social D. wild
【解析】选C。句意: 人类作为社会性的生物, 经常担心他们的声誉。endangered濒临灭绝的; trained训练有素的; social社交的, 社会的; wild野生的。
6. A. promote B. threaten
C. fix D. defeat
【解析】选B。句意: 公开演讲可能会威胁到它。promote促进; threaten威胁; fix修理; defeat打败。结合上文可知此处指公开演讲可能会威胁到人们的名誉。
7. A. relief B. joy
C. fear D. misunderstanding
【解析】选C。句意: 害怕被视为傻瓜是大脑的一种自然反应, 很难控制。relief减轻; joy快乐; fear害怕; misunderstanding误解。根据下文being seen as a fool可知害怕被视为傻瓜。
8. A. bad B. smart C. hard D. easy
【解析】选C。句意: 害怕被视为傻瓜是大脑的一种自然反应, 很难控制。 bad坏的; smart聪明的; hard难的; easy容易的。自然反应是很难控制的。
9. A. improves B. breaks
C. dies D. jumps
【解析】选D。句意: 所以, 如果你感到双腿颤抖, 血压升高, 不要惊慌。improve改善; break打破; die死亡; jump跳跃, 暴增。根据上文blood pressure可知是血压升高。
10. A. hopeless B. normal
C. violent D. encouraging
【解析】选B。句意: 这完全是正常的。hopeless绝望的; normal正常的; violent暴力的; encouraging令人鼓舞的。根据上文Scientists call it the fight or flight response, which is designed to protect your body from harm. 可知是很正常的生理反应。
11. A. drop B. develop
C. avoid D. have
【解析】选C。句意: 首先, 你必须意识到你无法避免它, 因为基因在社交焦虑中扮演着重要角色。drop落下; develop发展; avoid避免; have拥有。根据下文because genes play a huge role可知怯场是无法避免的。
12. A. services B. media
C. anxiety D. manners
【解析】选C。句意: 首先, 你必须意识到你无法避免它, 因为基因在社交焦虑中扮演着重要角色。services服务; media媒体; anxiety焦虑; manners礼仪。根据下文John Lennon played live thousands of times, each time he vomited before going on stage. 可知怯场会导致焦虑甚至呕吐。
13. A. think B. practice
C. sing D. sleep
【解析】选B。句意: 第二, 多多练习, 在一个类似于真实表演的环境中早早开始。 think认为; practice练习; sing唱歌; sleep睡觉。根据下文starting long before in an environment similar to the real performance可知是要提前多练习。
14. A. reduces B. increases
C. shares D. keeps
【解析】选A。句意: 练习任何一项任务都可以增加你的熟悉度, 减少焦虑。reduce减少; increase增加; share分享; keep保持。练习的目的就是减少焦虑。
15. A. honest B. crazy
C. confident D. disappointed
【解析】选C。句意: 所以, 当你要在公众面前讲话时, 你会对自己和手头的任务有信心。honest诚实的; crazy疯狂的; confident自信的; disappointed失望的。练习增加了熟悉度, 让人变得自信。
16. A. in advance B. on time
C. in addition D. on strike
【解析】选A。句意: 史蒂夫·乔布斯提前几周就开始排练他的传奇演讲, 排练了数百个小时。in advance提前; on time按时; in addition此外; on strike罢工。根据上文Steve Jobs rehearsed his legendary speeches for hundreds of hours可知是提前几周就开始排练。
17. A. fail B. kill C. win D. help
【解析】选D。句意: 第三, 做一些热身活动会有所帮助。根据上文doing some warming-up activities can可知做一些热身活动会帮助(减少怯场)。
18. A. softest B. hardest
C. easiest D. longest
【解析】选B。句意: 怯场通常在演讲前最严重, 所以在最后一分钟伸展一下身体, 深呼吸一下。softest最柔软的; hardest最难的; easiest最容易的; longest最长的。怯场通常在演讲前最严重。
19. A. well-spent B. well-prepared
C. well-paid D. well-educated
【解析】选B。句意: 你精心准备的演讲使狂热的听众信服。well-spent使用得当的; well-prepared准备好的; well-paid高薪的; well-educated有教养的。根据空后speech可知是准备好的演讲。
20. A. lead to B. object to
C. adapt to D. devote to
【解析】选C。句意: 你不是克服怯场, 而是适应怯场。lead to导致; object to反对; adapt to适应; devote to致力于。根据上文可知是逐渐适应怯场。
Ⅵ. 语法填空
Auckland is a famous coastal city in northern New Zealand. It covers an area of 1, 086 square kilometers with a population of 1. 46 million. The history of the city dates back to 650 years ago when the Maoris settled in the area. Since 1945, Auckland has grown 1. (rapid). It was once the capital of New Zealand until the capital moved to Wellington, 2. is more central. Nowadays, Auckland is still 3. important center for business and industry.
There are many famous sights in Auckland 4. (include) Mt. Eden, one of many large volcanoes. You can enjoy an amazing view from the Sky Tower, which is the city’s 5. (tall) tower. You can also see Maori traditional dances at the Auckland Museum.
The climate in Auckland is always sunny and comfortable, 6. (make) it attractive to people from all over the world. Auckland is known as “the city of sails” 7. it has more boats for each person than anywhere else in the world. 8. is great fun to do water sports in Auckland as it has some of the best 9. (beach). It is really a best place for 10. loves water sports.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥克兰的地理位置、发展历史、自然条件以及旅游景点等情况。
1. 【解析】rapidly。考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰谓语动词“has grown”。故填rapidly。
2. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空格处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词是Wellington, 指物, 在从句中作主语, 应用which引导该从句。
3. 【解析】an。考查冠词。此处泛指“一个重要的工商业中心”, 应用不定冠词修饰; 且important是以元音音素开头的单词, 用不定冠词an修饰。
4. 【解析】including。考查非谓语动词。句意: 奥克兰有许多著名的景点, 包括众多大型火山之一的伊甸山。此处应用include的现在分词作后置定语。
5. 【解析】tallest。考查形容词的最高级。此处表示“the Sky Tower”是当地最高的塔, 应用形容词的最高级形式。
6. 【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处应用现在分词作结果状语。
7. 【解析】because/as/for。考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空格处引导原因状语从句。
8. 【解析】It 。考查代词。分析句子结构可知, 此处应用it作形式主语, 不定式作真正的主语。注意首字母大写。
9. 【解析】beaches 。考查名词的数。beach是可数名词, 且根据本句中的“some of”可知, 此处应用名词的复数形式。
10. 【解析】whoever。考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空格处引导宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 且此处指“任何喜欢水上运动的人”。故填whoever。
Ⅶ. 微写作
根据汉语提示写一篇介绍自己遭遇火灾的经历, 词数80左右。
1. 大学毕业后, 我被任命为一位有潜力的消防员。(appoint; potential)
2. 一天, 我正在展览馆里欣赏绘画, 这时远处的商店发生了火灾。(appreciation; in the distance)
3. 我急忙地冲向那里去营救那些陷入恐慌的人们。
(anxiously; get into a panic)
4. 我必须保证每位市民的安全。(guarantee)
5. 浓烟使我极其不舒服。(uncomfortable)
6. 最后, 大火被扑灭了。
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【参考范文】
After graduating from college, I was appointed as a potential firefighter. One day, I was appreciating paintings in an exhibition hall when a big fire broke out in the shop in the distance. I rushed there anxiously to rescue the people who had got into a panic. I must guarantee the safety of every citizen. The heavy smoke made me extremely uncomfortable. At last, the big fire was put out.
【补偿训练】
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·长沙高二检测)
Earthquake can be destructive. Unfortunately, we don’t have a 1. (rely) way to predict. But technologies can still help us under such a desperate situation. China is building the world’s largest earthquake alert system and it’s 2. (possible) the most advanced. Engineers 3. (set) up over 15, 000 sensors nationwide and wiring them into a web. 4. an earthquake happens, the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control center and then ordinary people’s smartphones.
The signal travels at almost light speed and faster 5. the earthquake shaking, giving local people a little time to prepare. The system sends messages to people 6. (little) than two seconds after the earthquake happens. It’s life-saving. The system, 7. can be the most advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world, not only 8. (detect) the movement of the continents but also calculating the possible impact of an earthquake. It will automatically warn local people, making 9. much faster than human observation. The system, overseen by China’s Minister of Emergency, is set 10. (complete) in 2022.
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国正在建设世界上最大的地震预警系统。
1. 【解析】reliable。 考查形容词。句意: 不幸的是, 我们没有一个可靠的方法来预测。空格处修饰名词way, 需填形容词作定语。
2. 【解析】possibly。考查副词。句意: 中国正在建立世界上最大的地震预警系统, 并且可能是最先进的。修饰形容词advanced, 需用副词。
3. 【解析】are setting。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意: 工程师们正在全国范围内安装15 000多个传感器, 并将它们连接成网络。根据后面and并列的动词wiring和句意可知, 此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作, 需用现在进行时, 主语为复数, 谓语动词使用复数形式。
4. 【解析】When/Once/If/After。考查状语从句。句意: 当/一旦/如果/地震发生后, 传感器可以向控制中心发送电脉冲, 然后发送到普通人的智能手机上。结合语境可知, 空处引导时间状语从句或者条件状语从句, 需用when/once/if/after引导。位于句首, 首字母需大写。
5. 【解析】 than。考查介词。句意: 信号的传播速度几乎是光速, 比地震的震动速度还快, 给了当地居民一点准备时间。根据faster可知, 此处需填介词than构成比较级。
6. 【解析】less。 考查副词比较级。句意: 该系统在地震发生后不到两秒就会向人们发送信息。空处修饰动词sends, 需用副词, 结合than可知, 此处需用副词比较级。
7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。句意: 该系统在许多方面可能是最先进的, 它将成为世界上最大的地震观测网。分析句子结构, 空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词The system, 指物, 在定语从句中作主语, 需用关系代词which引导。
8. 【解析】detecting。考查非谓语动词。句意: 该系统在许多方面可能是最先进的, 它将成为世界上最大的地震观测网, 不仅可以探测大陆的运动, 而且还可以计算地震可能产生的影响。分析句子结构, 已有谓语动词will be, 空处需填非谓语动词, The system和detect之间为逻辑主谓关系, 需用现在分词形式作状语。
9. 【解析】it。考查代词。句意: 它会自动向当地居民发出警告, 比人工观察要快得多。空处缺少宾语, 指代上文中的The system, 需用代词it作宾语。
10. 【解析】to be completed。考查非谓语动词。句意: 该系统由中国紧急事务部长监管, 计划于2022年完工。根据短语be set to do sth. “安排做某事, 计划做某事”可知, 此处应用不定式, 逻辑主语system和动词complete之间为被动关系, 故填入不定式的被动形式。
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14单元素养培优(五) Unit 5
Ⅰ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. There is no ( ) (absolutely) success in the world, only constant progress.
2. The crowd ( ) (panic) at the sound of the fire alarm.
3. The flags ( ) (wave) in the wind when we looked up at them.
4. ( ) (actual), the cost of the house was much higher than what we had expected.
5. My mother asked me to express my ( ) (appreciate) to the kind man.
6. The reason why I was so happy yesterday was that I had an ( ) (appoint) with my girl friend.
7. Whenever I was in trouble, my parents were very ( ) (anxiety).
8. Students mustn’t touch the new ( ) (equip) in our classrooms.
9. The desk is not ( ) (suit) for a girl.
10. The washing machine ( ) (guarantee) for three years.
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词或副词填空
1. On the bus I always glance ( ) my mobile phone.
2. To our relief, my sister gave birth( )a healthy baby last night.
3. Every person wants to have a gift( ) making money.
4. He picked ( ) the rubbish and threw it into a dustbin.
5. The country is home ( ) a large variety of wildlife.
6. The prices of clothes in this shop vary ( ) 100 ( ) 1, 000 yuan.
7. It is said that the whole building was burned ( ) the ground in that big fire.
8. The teacher was( ) the point of going to the office when the telephone rang.
9. Many people made their way( ) the village where the accident happened.
10. He was amazed ( ) the old man’s behavior.
Ⅲ. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. ( ), I took the place of her to attend the meeting.
玛丽病了, 我代替她参加会议。
2. Mr Wang ( ) someone knocked at the door.
王老师刚要上课, 这时有人敲门。
3. Nobody likes her. ( ) she doesn’t keep her word.
没有人喜欢她。那是因为她不遵守诺言。
4. ( ) the new law will come into effect next month.
据说新法律下个月开始生效。
5. ( ) in the queue for half an hour, the novelist suddenly realized that he hadn’t taken money.
已排队等候半个小时, 这位小说家突然意识到他没带钱。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
London has just signed to be the first National Park City. Sadiq Khan, mayor of London, along with several organizations and individuals, signed the London National Park City Charter(宪章) on Monday.
London is already extremely park-like. With a large number of urban parks and waterways and 8. 4 million trees, it has a lower urban density (密度) than many other major cities. It is also home to 15, 000 species.
The charter aims to improve the lives and well-being of people and wildlife by improving the natural environment of the city. In practical terms, that means trying to reach the goal of turning 50% of the city into green space by 2050. That can be achieved by asking residents to change empty lots and yards into gardens, planting more trees throughout the city and even cutting holes in garden fences. Adding green roofs to existing buildings is also part of the plan.
One way to help achieve its goal is pairing development with conservation. London is expected to add some 2 million new residents to its current population by 2040, meaning it needs thousands and thousands of new homes. Home developers can play a role by surrounding new homes with parks or nature reserves.
“Inspired by the aims and values of the world’s national parks, the London National Park City is fundamentally about making life better in the capital through both small everyday things and long-term strategic thinking. ” says Daniel Raven Ellison, founder of the concept.
“It’s about lifting our ambitions; going further to make the city greener, healthier and wilder; improving our mental health, cleaning our air; making the city richer in wildlife: freeing children to play and meet friends outdoors again; solving the climate crisis and bringing more joy to the city. ” He added.
Timothy Beatley, an urban planner, says countless cities have already woken up to the idea that greening and improving natural connections make urban life much better. “The basic idea is that nature in cities is not optional but absolutely essential to a happy, healthy and meaningful life. ” He says.
1. What are mentioned in Paragraphs 3 and 4 about the green move
A. The conflicts caused by the charter.
B. Different voices about the move.
C. Specific ways to expand green space.
D. Challenges the move will run into.
2. The founder and the planner mentioned both hold a(an) attitude to the charter.
A. skeptical B. critical
C. reserved D. favorable
3. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. A green and meaningful life in London
B. London is to be “National Park City”
C. Reasons for more green space in London
D. Green ways to make London park-like
B
Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾脏) don’t work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.
It’s not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney fun_ction before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection (诊查)difficult.
Kidney’s main job is to remove toxins (毒素) and unwanted water from our blood. Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no obvious pain.
Research shows that more than 35% of the patients requiring dialysis do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage. Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades. Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential risk factors for the kidney disease.
4. The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that .
A. it doesn’t matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time
B. our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently
C. it’s important for our body to empty the waste in time every day
D. it’s safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste
5. The underlined word “insidious” in Paragraph 3 means .
A. smooth and safe
B. clear and fast
C. gradual and unnoticed
D. long and painful
6. We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, .
A. the kidney failure begins
B. the kidneys can still work properly
C. we have lost about 10% of kidney fun_ction
D. the kidneys may have been seriously damaged
7. Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively
A. Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.
B. Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.
C. Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.
D. Go to hospital whenever you find any warning signs.
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Palms sweaty, heart racing, you can’t cry for help. Not only is your throat too tight to 1 , but it’d be so embarrassing. No, you aren’t being chased by a monster, you’re speaking in 2 . And the 3 feeling is called stage fright. But at some point, we all have to communicate in front of people, 4 you have to try and face it.
To start, we have to understand what stage fright is. Humans, as 5 living creatures, often worry about their reputation. Public speaking can 6 it. Before a speech, you feel anxious, “What if people think I’m awful ” That 7 of being seen as a fool is a natural reaction from your brain that is very 8 to control. Scientists call it the fight or flight response, which is designed to protect your body from harm. So, if you feel your legs shake and blood pressure 9 , don’t panic. It’s totally 10 .
How do we fight stage fright First, you have to realize that you can’t 11 it because genes play a huge role in social 12 . John Lennon played live thousands of times, each time he vomited(呕吐) before going on stage. Second, 13 a lot, starting long before in an environment similar to the real performance. Practicing any task increases your familiarity and 14 anxiety. So when it’s time to speak in public, you’re 15 in yourself and the task at hand. Steve Jobs rehearsed his legendary speeches for hundreds of hours, starting weeks 16 . Third, doing some warming-up activities can 17 . Stretch your arms up and breathe deeply. Stage fright usually hits 18 right before a presentation, so take that last minute to stretch and breathe.
Finally, you approach the microphone, voice clear, body relaxed. Your 19 speech convinces the wild crowd. You’re a charming genius. How You don’t overcome stage fright, you 20 it.
1. A. read B. breathe
C. drink D. turn
2. A. nature B. short
C. public D. surprise
3. A. comfortable B. upset
C. sad D. angry
4. A. once B. or C. but D. so
5. A. endangered B. trained
C. social D. wild
6. A. promote B. threaten
C. fix D. defeat
7. A. relief B. joy
C. fear D. misunderstanding
8. A. bad B. smart C. hard D. easy
9. A. improves B. breaks
C. dies D. jumps
10. A. hopeless B. normal
C. violent D. encouraging
11. A. drop B. develop
C. avoid D. have
12. A. services B. media
C. anxiety D. manners
13. A. think B. practice
C. sing D. sleep
14. A. reduces B. increases
C. shares D. keeps
15. A. honest B. crazy
C. confident D. disappointed
16. A. in advance B. on time
C. in addition D. on strike
17. A. fail B. kill C. win D. help
18. A. softest B. hardest
C. easiest D. longest
19. A. well-spent B. well-prepared
C. well-paid D. well-educated
20. A. lead to B. object to
C. adapt to D. devote to
Ⅵ. 语法填空
Auckland is a famous coastal city in northern New Zealand. It covers an area of 1, 086 square kilometers with a population of 1. 46 million. The history of the city dates back to 650 years ago when the Maoris settled in the area. Since 1945, Auckland has grown 1. (rapid). It was once the capital of New Zealand until the capital moved to Wellington, 2. is more central. Nowadays, Auckland is still 3. important center for business and industry.
There are many famous sights in Auckland 4. (include) Mt. Eden, one of many large volcanoes. You can enjoy an amazing view from the Sky Tower, which is the city’s 5. (tall) tower. You can also see Maori traditional dances at the Auckland Museum.
The climate in Auckland is always sunny and comfortable, 6. (make) it attractive to people from all over the world. Auckland is known as “the city of sails” 7. it has more boats for each person than anywhere else in the world. 8. is great fun to do water sports in Auckland as it has some of the best 9. (beach). It is really a best place for 10. loves water sports.
Ⅶ. 微写作
根据汉语提示写一篇介绍自己遭遇火灾的经历, 词数80左右。
1. 大学毕业后, 我被任命为一位有潜力的消防员。(appoint; potential)
2. 一天, 我正在展览馆里欣赏绘画, 这时远处的商店发生了火灾。(appreciation; in the distance)
3. 我急忙地冲向那里去营救那些陷入恐慌的人们。
(anxiously; get into a panic)
4. 我必须保证每位市民的安全。(guarantee)
5. 浓烟使我极其不舒服。(uncomfortable)
6. 最后, 大火被扑灭了。
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【补偿训练】
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·长沙高二检测)
Earthquake can be destructive. Unfortunately, we don’t have a 1. (rely) way to predict. But technologies can still help us under such a desperate situation. China is building the world’s largest earthquake alert system and it’s 2. (possible) the most advanced. Engineers 3. (set) up over 15, 000 sensors nationwide and wiring them into a web. 4. an earthquake happens, the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control center and then ordinary people’s smartphones.
The signal travels at almost light speed and faster 5. the earthquake shaking, giving local people a little time to prepare. The system sends messages to people 6. (little) than two seconds after the earthquake happens. It’s life-saving. The system, 7. can be the most advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world, not only 8. (detect) the movement of the continents but also calculating the possible impact of an earthquake. It will automatically warn local people, making 9. much faster than human observation. The system, overseen by China’s Minister of Emergency, is set 10. (complete) in 2022.
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