冠词
冠词是位于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,它不能离开名词而独立存在。英语中的冠词有三种:不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)、零冠词(不用冠词)。 a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。如: a university, a European country, an hour, an umbrella, an honest boy等。
一、不定冠词的用法。
1.与单数可数名词连用,指某一类人或事物。
A car runs faster than a truck.小汽车比卡车跑得快。
2.表示数量“一个”。
I have to maintain a family. 我需要维持一个家庭。
3.表示“某一个”,相当于a certain.
A Mr Li is waiting for you outside.一位李先生在外面等你。
4.用于表示次数、速度、价格等意义的名词前,表示“每一”,相当于per。
①He goes home to see his parents once a month.他每月回家一次去看父母。
②He works eight hours a day and five days a week。他每天工作八小时,每周工作五天。
5.用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”。
In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.
为了找个更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语。
6.用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。
a heavy rain一场大雨;a surprise一件意想不到的事;a pity一件遗憾的事;an honor一个(件)光荣的人(事);a success一个成功的人或一件成功的事;a failure一个失败的人或一件失败的事。
7.用于“a most+adj’.+n.”结构,注意在此结构中没有表示可比较的范围状语,“most”相当于“very”,表示“很,非常”
Dazhou is a most beautiful city and I’11 come for a second time.
达州是个非常美丽的城市,我还要再来一次。
8.“of+a/an+n.”表示相同尺寸、年龄等,相当于“of the same+n.”。
These boxes are of a size.=these boxes are of the same size.
这些盒子大小相同。
9.用于固定搭配中。
as a rule通常,at a loss不知所措,all of a sudden突然,as a matter of a fact事实上,have a gift for有……的天赋,have a holiday度假,get a lift/ride搭便车,pay a visit to参观,lend sb. a hand帮助某人 ,in a hurry匆忙地,a waste of……的浪费,be/go on a diet节食,a collection of一批…… ,have a good time玩得高兴 ,make a living谋生,have a history of有……历史,in a sense/way在某种意义上 ,for a while一会儿,a matter of……的问题,have a population of有……人口,cover an area of占……的面积
二、定冠词的用法。
1.特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。
The children have gone to the beach.
孩子们到海边去了。
2.用于单数可数名词或形容词前,表示一类人或物。
①The computer is a great invention.
电脑是一项伟大的发明。
②As a matter of fact, the rich aren't always happy.
事实上富人并非总是快乐的。
“the+adj.”表示一类人的常用短语:
the rich富人,the dead死者,the poor穷人,the aged老人,the old老人 ,the living活着的人,the young年轻人 ,the injured/wounded受伤的人
3.用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。
①Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.
在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。
②As is known to all,China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知,中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
4.用于表示朝代、年代的名词前,或用于整十的数词复数前,表示某个年代。
The Ming Dynasty明朝,in the 1970s在20世纪70年代,the fifties50年代
5.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人或夫妇俩”。
The Smiths are watching TV now.
史密斯一家在看电视。
6.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前。
the moon, the sky, the sun, the earth……
7.用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。
She likes playing the piano.她喜欢弹钢琴。
8.用于“by+the+表示计量单位的名词”结构中,表示“按……计算”,如by the hour/day/week/month/year/kilo/ton等。
He is paid by the week.他的工资按周结算。
9.用于“动词(hit/stike/pull/take等)+sb.+介词(on/in /by等)+the+身体某一部位(head/shoulder/back等)”结构中。
A stone hit him on the head.一块石头打到了他的头。
He took me by the hand.他牵着我的手。
10.用于固定搭配中。
at the moment此刻,in the end 最后,to tell the truth说实话 ,on the other hand另一方面
by the way顺便说一下,in the middle of在……中间,at the same time同时,in the meantime同时,on the contrary相反,on the whole总的来说,in the distance在远处,to the point 中肯,go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧,the other day几天前,make the most/best of充分利用,on the spot/scene在现场,to tell(you)the truth说实话
三、零冠词(不用冠词)的用法。
1.表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前,不用冠词。
①Study hard and you'll make great progress.
努力学习你就会取得巨大的进步。
②Computers are still playing an important role in people's life.
电脑在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。
2.表示月、季、星期、节假日、洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类名词前,不用冠词。
Winter has come. Is spring still far away 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
He plays basketball very well.他篮球打得很好。
The girl is good at English but poor in Maths.这个女孩擅长英语,但数学学得不好。
3.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前,不用冠词。
Are you going there by plane or by ship
你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里?
4.系动词turn意为“变得,成为”,后面作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词。
His dream is to turn engineer.他的理想是成为一名工程师。
5.表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词,作表语、同位语或补足语时不用冠词。
Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说:“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”
6.固定结构中的零冠词
“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语,主句”,意为“虽然……但是……”。
Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world.
尽管他很年轻,但他阅历很丰富。
7.固定搭配中的零冠词
on purpose故意地,by chance碰巧,catch fire着火 ,at dawn在黎明,face to face面对面 ,out of date过时的, in debt负债,in shape健康,on foot步行,in danger在危险中,side by side并排,from time to time不时地,hand in hand手拉手,day after day日复一日地,heart and soul全心全意地,by chance碰巧,by mistake错误地,under repair在维修中,at war在交战,in case of万一,do harm to对……有害
【高考这样考】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空。
1.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Of___ nineteen recognized polar bear sub-populations, three are declining.
2.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was________ joke.
3.(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at______ top of her lungs.
4.(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as_____ model in New York.
5.(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over______ top.
6.(2016·高考浙江卷)___prize for the winter of the competition is____two-week holiday in Paris.
7.(2015·高考四川卷)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be____ Beethoven.
8.(2015·高考重庆卷)I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask.
9.(2015·高考浙江卷)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in_______ way.
Ⅱ.单句改错。
1.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.___________
2.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.______
3. (2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.______________
4.(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.________________
冠词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.the 2.a 3.the 4.a 5.the 6.The;a 7.a 8.the;a 9.the
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.football前加a 2.ana 3.countryside前加the 4.picture前加the或this