Unit 6 When was it invented? 单元教案（4课时）

Unit 6 When was it invented
教材分析
单元教材分析
本单元的主要话题是讨论历史上的发明物。
单元总体目标
知识和技能目标：
谈论历史上的发明物
掌握本科单词和短语；了解一般过去时态被动语态的结构和用法
过程和目标方法：
能运用所学知识联系被动语态的句式
能用所学句型进行交际练习
情感态度和价值目标：培养学生听说演读写能力及合作学习的意识
单元重点
教学重点：熟练掌握一般过去时被动语态的运用
教学难点：被动语态的运用和构成
单元教学方法
采用Concluding,Role playing 和Comparing的学习策略，来展开课堂Pairwork问答式的口语交际活动和讨论活动来谈论名人所采用的学习方法。
课时分配
Period I Section A (1a-2d)
Period II Section A (3a-4c)
Period III Section B (1a-2e)
Period IV Section B (3a-Self Check)
第一课时 Section A 1 (1a-2d)
一、教学目标：
1. 语言知识目标：
1) 能掌握以下单词及短语：style, project, pleasure, daily, website, pioneer, list,
mention, nearly, ruler, boil, remain, smell, national, trade, double, have a point,
by accident, take place, without doubt
能掌握以下句型：
① —When was the telephone invented
—I think it was invented in 1876.
② —What are they used for
—They are used for seeing at night.
③ The pioneers of different inventions were listed there.
④ But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.
2) 能用一般过去时态的被动语态谈论物品被发明的时间、发明者，表达某发明的用途。
2. 情感态度价值观目标：
了解一些近现代发明的时间及用途，通过对“电话、电视机、小汽车、电脑、有特殊鞋跟的鞋、带电的鞋”等有关发明的历史，激发学生的创新思维和科学思维，培养想象力，善于观察事物。面对难题，用积极的态度去解决，发挥想象力，认识世界，改造世界。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点：
1) 本课时的单词、词组和句型，学习运用一般过去时态的被动语态。
2) 学会询问发明时间及用途的基本句型：
—When was the telephone invented
—I think it was invented in 1876.
—What are they used for
—They are used for seeing at night.
The zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. but at that time, it wasn’t used widely.
2. 教学难点：
运用一般过去时态的被动语态来讨论发明的发明时间及用途。
三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Lead-in
T: There are many useful things in the world. They help us a lot in life. (Show some pictures on the screen)
Ⅱ. New words
Learn the names in Section A 1 (1a-2d).
Ⅲ. Talking
1. Look at the pictures in 1a. Discuss with your group, in what order do you think they were invented Try to number them [1-4].
2. Ss discuss in groups and number the pictures.
3. T gives Ss the answers.
4. Talking about the inventions in pairs like this:
A: I think the TV was invented before the car.
B: Well, I think the TV was invented after the TV.
Ⅳ. Listening (1b)
1. Play the recording for the Ss to listen to the conversation and try to match the invention with the proper year. .
2. Check the answers in groups.
Ⅴ. Pair work (1c)
1. Ss try to remember the invention and the year in 2b.
2. Student B, cover the dates. Student A, ask Student B when the things in the picture in 1b were invented. Then change roles and practice again.
3. Ss ask and answer in pairs in 1c.
e.g. A: When was the telephone invented
B: I think it was invented in 1876.
…
Ⅵ. Listening
Work on 2a:
1. Let Ss look at the pictures in 2a and guess the things what they are used for.
2. Play the tape to listen and number the pictures.
3. T corrects the answers.
Work on 2b:
1. Let Ss read the chart below. Explain some main sentences for the Ss. Make sure they know what to do.
2. Play the tape again to fill in the blanks.
3. T corrects the answers.
4. The best Ss are praised by T.
Ⅶ. Pair work (2c)
Tell Ss to make conversations using the information in 2b. Make a model for the Ss.
A: What are the shoes with special heels used for
B: They are used for changing the style of the shoes.
Ⅷ. Role-play(2d)
1. Read the conversations in pairs.
2. Let two Ss read the conversations, then T and other Ss check if there’s any mistake. Let Ss read after the teacher.
3. Ss find out difficulties in 2d, then T explains some new words and main points in the conversation.
IX. Summary and Homework:
Summary: In this class, we have learned new words and the use of the passive voice of the past tense. Let two Ss retell the two main contents.
Homework:
Make up conversations about the inventions you like(Pay attention to use the passive voice of the past tense).
板书设计：
Section A 1 1a-2dNew words and expressions:style, project, pleasure, daily, website, pioneer, list, mention, nearly, ruler, boil, remain, smell, national, trade, double, have a point, by accident, take place, without doubt Sentence Structure① —When was the telephone invented —I think it was invented in 1876. ② —What are they used for —They are used for seeing at night. ③ The pioneers of different inventions were listed there. ④ But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.
第二课时 Section A 2 (3a-4c)
一、教学目标：
1. 语言知识目标：
1) 学习掌握下列词汇：ruler, boil, remain, smell, national, trade, doubt, fridge, low, translate, lock, ring v.(rang, rung), earthquake, sudden, bell, biscuit, cookie, musical, instrument, by accident, take place, without doubt, all of a sudden
掌握下列句型：
①The most popular drink in the world was invented by accident
② Many people believe that tea was first drunk by Shen Nong nearly 5.000 years ago .
③ A nice smell was produced when the tea leaves dropped into the hot water.
④ It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used.
⑤ It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
2）能通过阅读短文，按要求找到相应的信息，提高学生的阅读能力。
3）了解茶叶被发明的历史及生产制作的简要过程。
2. 情感态度价值观目标：
通过“茶”的发明历史，使学生认识到仔细洞察事物的重要性。学生应培养想象力，善于观察事物。面对难题，用积极的态度去解决，发挥想象力，认识世界，改造世界。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点：
1) 熟练掌握本课时的生词和词组；掌握一般过去时态被动语态的构成及用法。
2) 掌握阅读技巧，从短文中获得相关的信息。通过阅读练习，来提高阅读能力。
2. 教学难点：
用一般过去时态的被动语态对某项发明进行描述。
三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Lead-in
T asks Ss the following questions.
1. Do you drink tea every day
__________________________________________
2. Who invented tea in history
__________________________________________
3.Do you know tea culture？
__________________________________________
Ⅱ. Reading
Work on 3a:
1. Learn new words and sentences they don’t know by group discussion.
2. T explains language points in this passage.
3. Tell Ss to read the article quickly and match each paragraph with its main idea.
方法指导：先阅读所给的三句话，然后快速阅读短文，抓住每一段的主题句，找到答案。
Work on 3b:
1. Read 3a again and complete 3b in groups.
方法指导：学生们先阅读这五个问题，然后带着相关问题仔细回读短文，并在短文的相关信息处划线。
2. Correct the answers of 3b.
Keys：① It was first drunk nearly 5,000 years ago.
② It was invented by accident.
③ Lu Yu.
④ It’s about how tea plants were grown and used to make tea.
⑤ It is believed tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. Tea didn’t appear until around 1660 in England.
Work on 3c:
1. Ss complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box by themselves.
2. Check the answers in groups.
方法指导：首先快速浏览方框中的单词，理解其含义。然后根据题目中选择适当的单词填空，注意所选择单词的时态和语态。
III. Grammar focus
① 拉链是什么时候被发明的？
______ _____ the zipper ________
② 它于1893年被发明。
It ______ _________ in 1893.
③ 它是由谁发明的？
______ _____ it invented ______
④ 它是由惠特科姆 贾得森发明的。
It _____ _______ _____ Whitcomb Judson.
⑤ 茶叶什么时候被带到朝鲜去的？
_____ ______tea ________ to Korea
⑥ 茶叶在六到七世纪之间被带到朝鲜。
It _____ _______ to Korea ________the 6th and 7th centuries.
⑦ 热冰淇淋勺用来做什么？
What ____ the hot ice-cream _____ _____
⑧ 它用于挖很冷的冰淇淋。
It’s _____ ______ ______ really cold ice-cream.
⑨ 电话机在1876年被贝尔所发明。
The telephone _____ ________ _____ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
⑩ 贝尔于1876年发明了电话机。
Alexander Graham Bell _________ the telephone in 1876.
2. 学生们完成填空试题后，可以打开课本检查答案，对错误的句子，分析错误原因，并单独进行强化记忆。
IV. Grammar
1.一般过去时的被动语态结构式：
　（1）肯定句：主语+ was /were+ 动词的过去分词 +(by+人称代词宾格)+ 其他
　　e.g. English was studied (by us)every day.
　（2）否定句：主语+ was /were+ not + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人称代词宾格)+ 其他
　　e.g. English was not studied (by us)every day.
　（3）疑问句：Be(Was/Were)+主语+动词的过去分词+（by+人称代词宾格）+其他+？
　　e.g. Was English not studied (by us)every day
　（4）特殊疑问句：What/Where/ When +was /were +主语+动词的过去分词+ 其他
2.被动语态需要注意的几个方面:
　　(1)在主动句中,使役动词make，let，have,感官动词 see，hear，feel，watch，notice等后接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变成被动语态时,后面的不定式需加上“to”。
　　e.g. My mother makes me get up early every day.
　　= I am made to get up early every day by my mother.
　(2)有些词,如系动词taste, feel, look, sound等常用主动语态表达被动的意思。　e.g. The voice sounds nice.
(3)有些动词，如happen, belong等没有被动语态。　　　　　　
e.g. The bike belongs to me.这辆自行车属于我。
V. Exercises
Work on 4a:
Tell Ss to read the sentences in 4a and rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
方法指导：由主动语态变成被动语态时，要注意时态、人称以及结构上的变化。
VI. Finish 4b&4c.
1. Let Ss complete 4b&4c by themselves, then discuss in groups.
2. Correct the answers in the whole class.
方法指导：首先确定句子的时态与语态，根据方框或括号内的单词的正确形式填空。完成题目后，要复读短文，看语句是否通顺，时态及语态是否准确。
VII. Summary and homework:
Summary: T asks Ss to answer new words, main phrases and sentences they have learned in this class. Let a student tell others what the passive voice of the past tense is, then give some examples.
Homework:
1. Remember the new words, phrases and sentences in this class.
2. Write a short passage about an invention. (Including its time, history and use)
Begin with:
I think that …
板书设计
Section A 2 (3a-4c)一、New words and expressionsruler, boil, remain, smell, national, trade, doubt, fridge, low, translate, lock, ring v.(rang, rung), earthquake, sudden, bell, biscuit, cookie, musical, instrument, by accident, take place, without doubt, all of a sudden二、Sentence structures①The most popular drink in the world was invented by accident ② Many people believe that tea was first drunk by Shen Nong nearly 5.000 years ago . ③ A nice smell was produced when the tea leaves dropped into the hot water.④ It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used.⑤ It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. 三、Grammar一般过去时态的被动语态的构成、用法及注意的问题。
第三课时 Section B 1 1a-2e
一、教学目标：
1. 语言知识目标：
1) 能掌握以下单词及短语：sour, customer, Canadian, divide, basket, hero, by mistake, the Olympics, divide … into, not only…but also… , look up to
2) 能掌握以下句型：
① Potato chips were invented by mistake.
② It is believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891.
③ Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.
④ At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.
⑤ These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.
3) 利用阅读技巧阅读短文2b及练习2c-2e，提高学生的阅读能力。
2. 情感态度价值观目标：
了解世界上一些对人类有着重大意义的发明的相关信息，开阔学生的眼界，养成勤于思考、善于探索发现的好习惯，培养学生的创造精神。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点：
1) 熟练掌握本课时的单词和短语；识别哪些句子是宾语从句，列举出运用宾语从句时注意的事项。
2) 进行听力训练，提高综合听说能力。
3）能利用思维导图完成2b短文的复述，提高学生们的综合阅读能力。
2. 教学难点
利用思维导图完成2b短文的复述。
三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Revision
1.复习单词和短语。
2.根据学过的内容来完成句子，注意一般过去时态被动语态的用法。
Ⅱ. Lead-in
1.T: What do you think of apples/oranges/pears/ice-cream/lemon/watermelon
Please express your feelings.
2.Enjoy a video and answer two questions.(播放视频《茶叶的起源》，让学生们了解中国的茶文化，及茶叶被发明的渊源，并了解其发展过程。)
（1） What is the video about
（2） Who is the writer of Cha Jing
Ss try to answer the questions: （1）It’s about the tea. （2） Lu Yu.
Ⅲ. New words
Present some new words on the big screen.
Ⅳ.Work on 1a
1. Tell Ss that the words in the box describe how food can taste. Write them under the correct pictures in groups. Some pictures have more than one word.
2. Check the answers in the whole class.
3. Ask students to say more adjectives about tastes. See who speaks most.
Ⅴ. Listening
Work on 1b:
1. Let some Ss read the adjective words in the box. Make sure they all know the meaning of each word.
2. Ss discuss in groups. Try to write the name of a different food after each word.
3. Choose the group that wrote the most food and give praise.
Work on 1c:
1. First, let one Ss read the sentences in 1c. Make sure they know the meaning of each sentence.
2. Play the recording for the Ss. Listen for the first time. Play the recording again and judge T or F.
Keys: T, F, T, F, F, T
3. Listen again and read the listening material after the tape so that improve the students’ speaking skills.
Work on 1d
1. Let Ss read the article in 1d first. Tell Ss to listen again and fill in the blanks with the right words by themselves.
2. Play the recording again for the Ss to listen and write the words.
3. Check the answers with the class.
听力指导：听录音前，首先要浏览题目，然后采用快速写出所听单词首字母的方法，完成1c单词的填写；默写句子时，要注意时态和句子结构。
Ⅵ. Pairwork
1. Work in pairs. Make a conversation about the invention of potato chips. Use the information in 1c and 1d.
2. Ask some pairs to act out their conversation in front of the class.
VII. Discussion
Show some pictures of playing basketball. Ask Ss some questions about basketball games. Discuss the sport with your partner and share your ideas with the class.
e.g.
T: Do you like basketball (What’s your favorite sport )
S1: Sure. I like it very much.
T: Do you watch basketball games
S2: Yes. I like to watch the NBA and CBA.
T: Do you know the history of basketball game
VIII. Reading
1. Introduce something about the history of basketball.
2. Learn new words.
3. Fast Reading
Work on 2b.
1) Tell Ss to read the passage quickly. And find the main idea of each paragraph. Then find out what you don’t understand in the passage and ask the teacher for help.
Keys: 1. The main history of basketball.
2. How the basketball was invented by James.
3. The popularity of basketball around the world.
2) T answers the questions that students do not understand in the passage.
3) Read aloud the passage after the tape.
4. Careful Reading
Work on 2c.
1) T: Now let’s read the mind map in 2c. Try to understand the meaning of the map.
Ask Ss to complete the mind map with the information in the passage.
Mind-mapping
Changing the information you read into a mind map may help you remember it more easily.
2) Ss read the passage carefully and try to fill in the mind map with the proper words.
3) Check the answers with the class.
4)Tell Ss to work hard and add something to the mind map. And encourage them to try their best to add more.
5. Post reading
Work on 2d
1. First let Ss read the questions in 2d. Then try to read the passage again and find the answers to the questions.
2. Let some Ss read their answers and correct their mistakes.
3. T explains the reading skills.
方法指导：首先，应掌握阅读技巧，带着这五个问题再次认真阅读短文的内容，并在短文中找出相关问题的回答依据。 综合短文内容与题目内容，确定最为贴切的答案。
6. Discussion
Work on 2e
1. Ask Ss what they think of famous basketball players. Make a list of good and difficult things about being a basketball player in groups.
2. Let some groups read their lists Work on 2e.
3. Let some Ss talk about their answers.
IX. Summary and Homework
Summary: Let Ss answer the new words, expressions and important sentences in this class.
Homework:
1. Remember the new words, phrases and sentences.
2. Write a short passage about the development of basketball.
板书设计：
Section B 1 1a-2eNew words and expressions: sour, customer, Canadian, divide, basket, hero, by mistake, the Olympics, divide … into, not only…but also… , look up toSentence Structures:① Potato chips were invented by mistake. ② It is believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891.③ Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.④ At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket. ⑤ These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.
第四课时 Section B 2 (3a-Self Check)
一、教学目标：
1. 语言知识目标：
1) 熟练掌握本单元的单词、短语和重要句式。
2) 复习一般过去时态被动语态的用法。
3) 能够用英语讲述自己所熟悉的某一发明的简单过程。
2. 情感态度价值观目标：
创造性思维是指利用新方法、新技术去解决新问题的过程。创造性思维在整个发明创造过程中是不可或缺的重要部分。我国全面推进素质教育，培养新世纪所需要的，具有民族精神、创新能力的高素质的人才。我们应培养学生“事事多思考，处处有创新”。让学生走出课堂，做中学、学中做，快乐学习，让科技创新活动充满了生机和活力。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点：
1）掌握本单元所学的词汇、句型及语法知识，并能进行综合练习运用。
2）用英语介绍某一发明的简要过程。
3）完成Self check部分的练习试题。
2. 教学难点：
用英语介绍某一发明的简要过程
三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Revision
1. Review the expressions and sentences in Section B 1.
2. Check the homework.
3. Let Ss introduce the history of basketball in pairs.
Ⅱ. Lead in
1. Ask Ss which invention they like best.
Ss think about their favorite inventions.
2. Let some Ss talk about their favorite inventions. Then say the history of the inventions and how they were invented.
Ⅲ. Thinking
1. Ask Ss what things they don’t like to do.
e.g. Problem: quickly taking notes in class.
2. Discuss in group and think of an invention that could help you.
e.g. New invention: a special pen
What it is used for： taking notes quickly in class
3. Ss discussing the problems and try to make their own notes.
4. Let some Ss read their notes to the class.
Ⅳ. Writing
Work on 3b:
1. Tell Ss to write a description of your new invention.
2. The following sentence structure may help you.
方法指导：写作时要注意介绍发明的名称，外观，性能等。
常用句型归纳如下：
① I think … is a very useful invention.
② … was invented by …
③ … was invented in …
④ It was used for …
⑤ … is made of …
3.Show more samples of smart inventions in order to inspire students’ imagination.
VII. Training
随着科技的不断发展，许多新的发明涌现出来。这些
发明给我们的生活带来了极大的便利，有的甚至改变了世界。
【佳作品读】
The mobile phone is my favorite invention. The first mobile phone was invented for US Army in 1938 in America. Until 1973, Martin Cooper from Motorola Company invented the first mobile phone for civil use. Since then, the world has been changed because of the useful invention.
As we all know, mobile phones are being more and more widely used in our daily life. They are used in many ways.
First, they offer fast and convenient service for communication. They are used for calling. We can talk with our friends or parents for a long time. And they are becoming smaller and lighter. It's quite easy for us to carry them everywhere. They can also be used for sending short messages to show our feelings to our friends. What's more, we can surf the Internet on mobile phones. That helps us open up our eyes to the outside world. And when we are tired，we can listen to music to relax ourselves. Our life becomes more colorful because of the invention of the mobile phone.
There is no doubt that the mobile phone plays an important part in our daily life.
What's the name of the invention？ The mobile phone
When was the first mobile phone invented？ In 1938
Where was it invented ？ In America
What are mobile phones used for ？ ●They are used for (4)communication/calling．●They can also be used for (5)sending short messages．●We can surf the Internet on mobile phones.
[写作指导]
一、综合上面阅读材料，请你思考：
根据上文不难发现，在介绍发明的信息时经常要用被动语态。在介绍发明的历史(即发明者、发明时间和发明地点)的时候通常用一般过去时态的被动语态。在介绍发明的用途时，通常使用“be used for doing sth.”句式。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.The tea, one of the most famous drinks _____________ (discover)
by accident.
2.According to the Chinese history, Cha Jing __________ (write)
by Lu Yu, “the saint of tea”， during the Tang Dynasty.
3.Abacus ___________(create) in China in the sixth century by
a Chinese man.
4.Basketball _____________(invent) by a Canadian doctor in the
19th century.
5.It is believed that the first ice cream ______________ (introduce)
to Italy by Marco Polo in the 1500s.
6. In ancient China, sky lanterns _________(send) out to ask for
help when people in trouble.
Keys:1.was discovered 2.was written 3.was created 4.was invented 5.was introduced
6.were sent
[写作实践]
请根据下面信息提示，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍一下计算机的发展历程及计算机带给我们的变化。
1．最初的现代计算机发明于1946年，像一座大房子一样，
重约30吨。
2．现代的计算机又小又便宜，而且被广泛应用于我们的
日常生活中。
3．计算机在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。_______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
步骤 构思 列纲
1 简单介绍计算机的发明时间及特点 was invented in 1946, at that time, was huge, as large as a big house, weighed about 30 tons
2 重点介绍计算机的变化及用途 now, smaller and cheaper, a very useful tool in our life, can use computers to send some messages to foreign friends by e mail, can read news on the computer, can also listen to music or play games on the computer, makes us relaxed
3 总结全文，展望前景 more and more important, in my opinion
[自我展示]
The computer was invented in 1946.At that time，it was huge and it was as large as a big house.It weighed about 30 tons.
But now the computer is smaller and cheaper.It is a very useful tool in our life.We can use computers to send some messages to foreign friends by e mail.We can read news on the computer.We can also listen to music or play games on the computer.It makes us relaxed.
The computer is becoming more and more important in our daily life.In my opinion，it will change our life completely in the near future.
IX. Self check
1. Work on Self check 1:
1) Fill in the blanks with the superlative forms of the words in the box.
学习指导：首先浏览方框中各单词的含义；在填空时，要注意句子的时态、语态及固定搭配等问题；填写完毕通览全文，检查正误。
2) Correct the answers to the passage and read aloud this passage.
2. Work on Self check 2
1) Tell Ss to read the sentences quickly and rewrite these sentences as the passive voice.
2) Check the answers with the class.
3) Let Ss read these sentences aloud in pairs.
方法指导：复习一般过去时态的被动语态的句子结构。
3. Work on Self check 3
1) Find out information about an invention you would like to know more about and write sentences in Self Check 3.
2) T shows the answers to Ss.
X. Summary and Homework
Summary: In this class, we have reviewed the words and phrases in this unit, and practiced writing how to describe an invention by using passive voice.
Homework:
Write an article about your favorite invention.
板书设计：
Section B 2 3a-Self Check一、Expressions:1. decide on 2. come up with 3. lead to 4. all the sudden 5. use someone else’s idea 二、Sentences:1. This special pen was invented by Liu Jie. 2. It’s hard to tell who came up with the idea first. 3. They think the inventor used someone else’s idea to create his or her inventions. 三、Grammar一般过去时态被动语态的构成及运用。
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