上海市重点中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题（Word版含答案，无听力音频含文字材料）
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上海市行知中学2020学年第一学期期中考试
高一年级 英语试卷
（本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟）
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 7:15. B. 8:00. C. 7:45. D. 8:15.
2. A. A thief. B. An architect. C. A cashier. D. A policewoman
3. A. The changeable weather. B. The man’s dress.
C. The popularity of the man. D. The lecture of the man.
4. A. Tailor and customer. B. Hairdresser and customer.
C. Husband and wife. D. Housekeeper and the host.
5. A. On a train. B. On an airplane. C. In a theatre. D. In the lobby.
6. A. She will be in a hurry. B. She will be on sick leave.
C. She is reluctant to offer a ride. D. They are not in the same direction.
7. A. He likes to be in the sunshine. B. He hasn’t been to the beach before.
C. He gets darker after the weekend. D. He tries to balance his work with relaxation.
8. A. Interested. B. Disappointed. C. Excited. D. Indifferent.
9. A. Winfrey is born with a silver spoon in her mouth.
B. Trump’s speech inspired a lot of Americans.
C. Compared to Trump, Winfrey is lacking in experience.
D. Winfrey established herself from nothing.
10. A. He followed the steps of cooking from his grandmother.
B. He revolutionized the meatloaf of his grandmother.
C. He has a talent for cooking.
D. He is a green hand in cooking.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Because of the end of the Sumer Time.
B. Because the sleep hormone is fixed.
C. Because teenagers’ sleep rhythm is earlier than adults’.
D. Because of the new findings on sleep rhythm.
12. A. School delay is expected to boost the future labor supply.
B. Sleep deprivation has nothing to do with obesity.
C. The prediction of the school delay is too optimistic.
D. The economic problem behind sleep deprivation is hard to solve.
13. A. Clock going back in schools.
B. A new research on the sleep rhythm.
C. School schedule delay: to be or not to be.
D. The disadvantage of the new measure.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Unwrapping a new album. B. Having a newly-bought car.
C. Entering a newly-purchased house. D. Having access to an online account.
15. A. We consider ownership more important than access.
B. The terms and conditions of the Amazon encourages people to share the account.
C. Sharing economy maximizes the rate of usage for cars.
D. Sharing economy makes clear the relationship between consumers and the commodities.
16. A. It is environment-friendly to increase the usage of goods and cut down the cost.
B. Sharing economy boosts car manufacture.
C. Sharing economy fundamentally reshapes the market and benefits people.
D. In sharing economy, companies bridge the gap between people and resources.
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Businessmen. B. College students.
C. Mass media producers. D. Sports lovers.
18. A. They seldom have a balanced work-rest schedule.
B. They frequent pubs in the university.
C. They barely stay up late.
D. They are athletic.
19. A. He has gained weight. B. He preferred beer to mixed drinks.
C. He has no access to a fake ID. D. He is capable of making websites.
20. A. He wanted to be an elite. B. He drew the inspiration from a professor.
C. Students shared the same social circle. D. Students referred to it as an escape.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Loving Legacy
Magic wands, flying broomsticks, terrifying monsters... these are the features of the fantasy genre. And over the last few decades, Harry Potter has remained at the top of the list for (21) ________ looking to journey into a magical world. Where many authors have tried, J. K. Rowling—with the help of numerous fans—has succeeded in bringing her characters to life (22) ________ books, movies, theaters, theme parks and so much more.
Harry Potter might have started off as (23) ________ book meant for young children to read and perhaps forget a few years down the line. Few expected that the young boy with messy jet-black hair, green eyes and a lightning-shaped scar on his forehead (24) ________ (manage) to take us all along on an unforgettable journey. Critics of the series claim that certain characters do not have enough depth, or the writing cannot compare with the likes of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings and C. S. Lewis's The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. However, they (25) ________ hardly deny the massive impact of Harry Potter on the literary world.
I grew up reading Harry Potter. Like millions of other children, I waited on my eleventh birthday for an owl carrying a letter to inform me that I (26) ________ (accept) into the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. For the younger me, the wizarding world was so fantastic and attractive that I always wanted more. As a new book was only released every year or two, I had plenty of time (27) ________ (explore) other worlds of fantasy. And I loved every moment of it. (28) ________ I have not picked up a Harry Potter book in about a decade, I still make a beeline for(直奔) the fantasy section each time I am in a bookstore. Most importantly, I came to love the simple act of reading.
Some may think that fantasy or science fiction has no place in literature, as they corrupt the mind and provide no useful lessons. These people are wrong. Characters in popular fantasy or science fiction novels are not much different from those in classic literature novels. Each embodies the emotion, character and thought (29)________ the author is trying to convey. So, (30) ________ ________ ________ unrealistic the plot may seem, good novels teach, and keen readers learn.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. resulting B. repeatedly C. relatively D. unusual E. difficult F. fluent G. fed H. mastered I. planning J. previously K. convenient
How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began making (31)________ advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to absorb nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had (32)________ the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the (33)________ energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists (考古学家) believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790,000 years.
Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive assembly of stone tools. The sandstones themselves have (34)________ yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes—large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus(直立人). Creating an axe by (35)________ knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of (36)________. Their appearance is therefore thought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution. Trapped inside the Olduvai sandstones, the researchers found (37)________ biological molecules（分子）that are often interpreted as biomarkers for heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85°C and 95°C. The molecules’ presence suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once (38)________ by one or more hot springs.
Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a(n) (39)________ “pre-fire” means of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or by digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it is plausible, if (40)________ to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, since it is a transportable resource.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
From Citation to Entry
How does a word get into a Merriam-Webster dictionary This is one of the questions editors are frequently asked. The answer is simple: usage.
Each day most Merriam-Webster editors devote an hour or two to reading a wide collection of (41)________ material, including books, newspapers, magazines and electronic publications. In our office this activity is called “reading and marking.” The editors read the texts (42)________ new words, new usages of existing words, different spellings, and inflected forms— (43)________, anything that might help in deciding if a word belongs in the dictionary, understanding what it means, and (44)________ typical usage. Any word of interest is marked, (45)________ surrounding context that offers insight into its form and use.
The marked passages are then input into a computer system and stored both in machine-readable form and on 3"×5" slips of paper to create citations. Each citation has the following elements: the word itself, an example of the word used in context, and bibliographic information about the (46)________ from which the word and example were taken.
Merriam-Webster’s citation files, which can be (47)________ the 1880s, now contain 15.7 million examples of words used in context and cover all aspects of the English vocabulary. Citations are also available to editors in a searchable text database—what (48)________ call a corpus—that includes more than 70 million words drawn from a great variety of sources.
Before a new word can be added to the dictionary, it must have enough citations to show that it is (49)________ used. But having a lot of citations is not enough. A word may be (50)________ for entry into a general dictionary if all of its citations come from a single source or if they are all from highly specialized publications that (51)________ the jargon of experts within a single field.
The number and range of citations needed for a word’s (52)________ in the dictionary vary. In (53)________ cases, a word jumps onto the scene and is both instantly popular and likely to last, as was the (54)________ in the 1980s with AIDS. In such a situation, the editors determine that the word has become firmly established in a relatively short time and should be entered in the dictionary, (55)________ its citations may not span the wide range of years exhibited by other words.
41. A. published B. digitized C. related D. selected
42. A. in line of B. in terms of C. in search of D. in view of
43. A. in short B. but for C. in addition D. for instance
44. A. locating B. applying C. entering D. determining
45. A. according to B. along with C. except for D. based on
46. A. Origin B. basis C. resource D. source
47. A. traced back to B. originated from C. begun with D. introduced in
48. A. dialectics B. linguistics C. gymnastics D. statistics
49. A. widely B. frequently C. often D. greatly
50. A. accepted B. received C. rejected D. neglected
51. A. reform B. inform C. reflect D. inflect
52. A. recognition B. composition C. revision D. inclusion
53. A. common B. popular C. rare D. major
54. A. time B. matter C. case D. type
55. A. even though B. as though C. so that D. in case
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It’s no secret that China has always been a source of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion – they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China, but some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs —and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says, “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China – its influences, its directions, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
56. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York
A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
57. What does Hill say about Chinese women
A. They do business all over the world. B. They admire super models.
C. They start many fashion campaigns. D. They are setting the fashion.
58. The underlined phrase “taking on” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. competing against B. learning from C. working with D. looking down on
59. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text
A. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
B. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
C. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
D. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
(B)
60. You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is it possible for you to enjoy the next one
A. 13:06 B. 14:06 C.15:06 D. 16:06
61. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true
A. The geyser’s name indicates that it always erupts regularly, 20 times a day, once every 74 minutes.
B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance due to its freezing coldness.
C. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each time.
D. To check the eruption time, visitors may refer to predictions on the posted timetables.
62. Where does the article most probably appear
A. The Yellowstone official website. B. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.
C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone. D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.
(C)
“Walkability” linked to reduced hospital costs and admissions
Neighborhoods designed to encourage people to walk to and from the shops and public transport will help reduce hospital costs and admissions linked to residents, new Canberra research shows.
The research project, from the University of Canberra’s Health Research Institute, has revealed a relationship between a suburb’s “walkability score” and a reduction in both hospital costs and admissions and added to the growing debate surrounding the role of “social determinants” in health outcomes.
Coauthors Dr. Yan Yu and Vincent Learnihan studied ACT Health data from 30,690 hospital admissions across 88 of the ACT’s suburbs, and then matched them against each suburb’s “walkability score”. That score is a measure of how easy it is to get around a particular suburb, including the number of interconnected streets, footpaths and the presence of shops, public transport stops, restaurants and services within walking distance of each other.
Dr. Yu said the study showed that those suburbs rated as “walkable”—with a walkability score of 20 units or more—were linked to a 12.1 per cent lower hospital cost for those residents and a 12.5 per cent lower rate of hospital admissions.
She said the admissions data they focused on included cancers, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and diabetes.
But the research also showed that in Canberra, some 80 per cent of all the city’s suburbs were still “car-dependent”, which Mr. Learnihan said showed more needed to be done to help encourage Canberrans to walk, ride and use public transport.
While Mr. Learnihan commended the ACT government’s existing “active travel” programs, he said the study showed that wider and better funded initiatives to improve the “walkability” of new and existing suburbs could help save on health costs and improve Canberrans’ quality of life.
Dr. Yu said such changes could be as simple as improving footpaths and bike paths, increasing public transport access and improving local shops.
63. The suburb’s “walkability score” depends on the following factors within the walking distance of each other EXCEPT ______.
A. the presence of shops B. the presence of taxi stands
C. the number of interconnected streets D. the number of interconnected footpaths
64. The underlined word “commended” in Paragraph 7 probably means ______.
A. praised B. abandoned C. transformed D. conducted
65. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. the suburb with a walkability score of 12.5 units can be rated as “walkable”
B. a majority of Canberrans walk, ride and use public transport to and from work
C. admissions data researchers focused on included different kinds of disease
D. footpaths and bike paths in the suburbs of Canberra are far from satisfactory
66. What will probably happen in the future？
A. There will be fewer cars in Canberra.
B. Canberrans will have easier access to public hospitals.
C. The word “walkability” will be included in the authoritative dictionary.
D. “Walkability” of new and existing suburbs in Canberra will be improved.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. What began as four pieces then has grown to more than 10,500 now through donations and acquisitions.
B. Most likely it was the view the book offered into a different world.
C. The illustrations come from books that span the past half-century.
D. In 1938, the American Library Association (ALA) began presenting annually the Caldecott Medal to the most distinguished children’s book illustration published in the year.
E. Each illustration explores the worlds of science, engineering or medicine.
F. Many wonderful free picture books for children are available to read, download, and print.
A New Exhibition Explores the Science and Math in Children’s Book Illustrations
Think back to a favorite picture book, the one where the edges of the cover grew worn and a few pages loosened from the binding after so many readings. Perhaps it was the unfolding story or the vivid illustrations that enthralled a young you. ___67___.
“Picture books are some of the first memories I have for looking at and understanding the world around me,” says J.D. Talasek, the director of the Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences. But one doesn’t have to be a child to find delight and wonder in images from children’s books. That’s the premise behind a new exhibition, “Igniting the Imagination,” which opened this week at the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in Washington D.C.
The exhibition features 29 artworks from the collection of children’s book illustrations at the Mazza Museum, located at the University of Findlay in Ohio. ___68___In one, an old gentleman wearing glasses and his companion, a young boy in a red T-shirt, lean to the side as they feel the centrifugal force of a rollercoaster’s curve. The man’s hat floats above and behind him, pushed off by the wind of his motion. In another, sea turtles appear to take off like a flock of sea-green-colored birds from a tower of pink, branching coral.
___69___ The oldest is from Project Boy by Lois Lenski, published in 1954, and shows a group of children building a fort out of “junk.” The subjects range from the magic of math to the biology of a decaying log to the engineering of a skyscraper.
“The exhibit is framed through these disciplines, but it uses the power of art to help make broader connections to how inventions, practices and discoveries frame our experiences,” Talasek says.
The museum’s collection was born in 1982, as part of a celebration of the 100th anniversary of Findlay College, the university's predecessor institution. Jerry Mallett, a professor of education at the time, spearheaded the establishment of the children's book illustration collection. ___70___ The artworks include a diversity of styles and media.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71.
In Europe, more than half of 100 designers employed in the car-making industry are art graduate. Carmakers such as Audi, Jaguar and Ford all have artists designing new cars for the future. It goes without saying that new models are incorporating the latest technology. However, increasingly the cars of tomorrow are designed with artistic styles. Nowadays, customers demand that their new cars look as up-to-date and fashionable as possible.
Artists are not only designing cars. Increasingly, art students are influencing modem architecture, including the designing of new buildings. Artists are also helping with the restoration of old buildings by using specialized techniques learnt at art school.
Interestingly, artists are also finding ways of making life easier for us. Recently, one young artist has received a design award for a lifting aid. The newly-designed aid is a simple supportive framework that helps people who care for the weak or sick to lift their patients more easily. Another art student has received an award for creating a revolutionary baby feeder. The artist invented a tool that allows parents to feed small children with only one hand.
The marriage between art and business is set to continue. Industry recognizes the importance and value of young artists designing for the future. As one art professor commented, “Today, people understand that problems can be solved using artists’ eyes.”
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 出门前，她总会仔细考虑自己的着装。(tend)
73. 这款新药对感染了这种病毒的病人是否有效尚不知晓。(remain)
74. 学生们应充分意识到这样的事实：能力、勤奋和健康是成功的三大要素。(aware)
75. 只有在提高效益的基础上保持快速的经济增长，我们才能减轻就业压力，保持社会稳定。(Only)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的李华，你校外籍教师Chris将在文化周期间做一个有关西方文化的讲座，现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请给Chris写一封电子邮件，邮件必须包含以下内容：
你喜欢的讲座话题（从建筑、绘画或风俗中任选其一）；
选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
希望从中有何收获。
参考答案
I. Listening Comprehension
1-20 BDBBC ACBDC DAA DCC BACC
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
21. those
22. through
23. a
24. would manage
25. can
26. had been accepted
27. to explore
28. Although / Though / While
29. that
30. no matter how
Section B
31-40 CHAJB IDGKE
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
41-55 ACADB DABAC CDCCA
Section B
56-59 BDAC
60-62 BDA
63-66 BACD
Section C
67-70 BECA
IV. Summary Writing
71. It’s a trend to combine art with industry to meet the customers’ need of the latest technology as well as artistic and fashionable styles. Artists are employed to design cars, buildings and interior decoration. Moreover, the artists design devices to make life easier. There will be a greater recognition of the importance and value of artists designing for the future. (60 words)
V. Translation
72. Before going out, she tends to carefully consider her clothing/dress.
73. Whether the new medicine will have any effect on the patients (who are) infected by this (kind of) virus remains unknown.
74. Students should be fully aware of the fact that ability, diligence and health are three important factors of success.
75. Only by maintaining rapid economic growth on the basis of improving effectiveness/efficiency can we relieve/reduce/ease/lighten employment pressure and promote social stability.
Listening Script:
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the Spring Festival Gala will start
M: It’s a quarter past seven. We have to wait for another three quarters.
Q: What time will the Spring Festival Gala start
2. M: Madam, I need your help. I was in the grocery store for a couple of minutes and when I came out, my car was gone.
W: Sir, calm down. Tell me the specific time and location, and I’ll need some information about your car.
Q: What is probably the woman
3. W: Well, that’s an awfully heavy sweater for a day like today.
M: I’m going to be at a lecture in the auditorium most of this morning, and you know what the air conditioning is like there.
Q: What are they talking about
4. M: You can take your time to make up your mind about the color. Before that, I can shampoo your hair.
W: OK, I’ll take a few more looks at the fashion magazine before deciding on the color.
Q: What is probably the relationship between the two people
5. W: Excuse me, may I see your ticket please I think you are sitting in my seat.
M: Oh, you are right. I am sorry. My seat is in the balcony.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place
6. M: Can I ride to school with you tomorrow, Abby
W: Another day would be fine. I will be out of town early in the morning tomorrow.
Q: Why can’t the woman give the man a ride
7. W: Hey, Tim. You look different. Let me see. You must have gotten tanned in the sun.
M: Yes. I spent the whole weekend lying at the beach.
Q: What can we learn about Tim
8. M: I’ve heard that you just came back from Copenhagen. How did you like the celebrated statue of the Little Mermaid
W: Well, let’s just say it was more or less overrated.
Q: How did the statue made the woman feel
9. W: As her speech at the Golden Globes ceremony showed, Oprah Winfrey is everything that Donald Trump is not.
M: I watched the ceremony live. A lot of people, me included, were touched. She is self-made while Trump was born in a feathered nest.
Q: What does the man imply
10. M: My grandmother used to serve the most delicious meatloaf. Unfortunately, I never got the recipe before she passed away. I fly blind.
W: It’s really delicious. You are born to be a chef.
Q: What can we learn about the man
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.
In the U.K., the clocks go back by one hour on Sunday to mark the end of British Summer Time. Experts have been weighing up a more permanent time shift in our daily schedules, particularly for tired teenagers who struggle with early school starts.
The rethink on teen sleep is largely due to emerging science on sleep rhythms. The genetics associated with body clocks earned this year’s Nobel Prize for physiology. The timing of release of the sleep hormone changes with age: during adolescence, it begins late at night and continues until about 8 a.m. The sleep rhythm of a teenager can lag by two to three hours.
A report by the Rand Corporation argues that, for adolescents, delaying the start of school to 8:30 a.m. or later could bring a 140-billion-dollar benefit to the economy over 15 years.
The gains come mainly from two predicted pay-offs: first, improved academic performance, which increases the likelihood of graduation and future work; second, a reduction in car crashes, which means more students make it into the future labor supply.
Marco Hafner, a Rand economist, says the gains could be even higher because the calculations of benefits were on the conservative side. The input did not include other phenomena, such as the risks of suicide and obesity that are believed to be intensified by sleep deprivation.
Rand concluded that teenage sleep deprivation should be regarded as an economic problem with a possible solution. The financial rewards will outweigh any associated costs of fixing it, such as rescheduling bus routes or extending after-school clubs.
It concludes that benefits such as increased sleep, increased alertness, higher attendance and better mood. This led the academy to give its full support for change.
Questions:
11. Why did experts begin to reconsider a permanent schedule shift for teenagers
12. Which of the following statements is correct
13. What does the passage mainly talk about
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
Who remembers the sound of unwrapping a new record, the smell of a new car or the excitement of opening the door to a newly bought home At different times in my life, each one stood for the joy of possession, and the sense of having really arrived.
However, my teenage children and their peers do not see things the same way. They would rather pay for online music and videos than purchase DVDs or permanent downloads.
The changes come in several catalogues. Apps are linking owners of goods and services — bicycles, spare bedrooms, even solar energy — to a host of potential users.
We are entering an era in which consumers will value access over ownership and experiences over property.
What on earth happened to both consumers and companies that supply them
First of all, when companies are supplying services rather than goods, the relationship between consumers and the things that they use becomes more complex. If I have a record album on my shelf, my husband can clearly play it. But when I link our Amazon Echo speaker to my son’s account, I have no idea whether I am breaking the terms and conditions he agreed to with his account. Furthermore, does that act give Amazon the right to send the advertisements based on the songs we play
In many cases, the shift to a sharing economy will also affect the nature of the goods that are being shared. Currently, most cars spend most of the time sitting idle. If drivers stop buying their own cars and instead sign up for a rental service or use apps such as Uber, each individual vehicle will receive a lot more use. That means carmakers will face pressure to produce fewer, better-made cars.
Questions:
14. Which of the following might not have contributed to people’s feeling of happiness in the past
15. Which of the following statements is correct
16. What does the passage mainly talk about
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
W: Welcome to tonight’s Legendary Lives. I’m Shirley Morgan. We are quite honored to have Mark Zuckerberg, the founder and CEO of Facebook, with us. Over the past decade, he has redefined the way of communication. Welcome to our program, Mark.
M: Hello, Shirley. It’s a pleasure to be here.
W: Now Mark, let’s begin with some questions from our audience, which mostly consists of college students, shall we
M: Sure. Go ahead.
W: When did you usually get up in the morning when you were at Harvard That’s specific, I have to say.
M: Yes, it is. Well, it depended on my meeting schedule. More often than not, I burned the midnight oil and would stay awake for days at times. You know, I kept programmer life … eh, programmers tend to stay up really late.
W: That would mean you skipped breakfast
M: The only time I ate breakfast was when I had meetings that early in the morning. Usually it was a late lunch and then a late dinner and then a second dinner at Jack in the Box.
W: Some of your fans pointed out that you used to be athletic.
M: Yes. I played tennis. And as you know, I programmed.
W: When you went out with your friends, which would you choose, beer or mixed drinks
M: Beer, but actually I didn’t drink. Some friends made fun of me for not having a fake ID. They’d be like, “You can make websites but you can’t make a fake ID ”
W: I would have been asking the same question, I guess. Now we have time for one last question, and here’s one of the most frequently asked questions: Why did you launch Facebook at Ivy League schools first Did you intend it to be elitist
M: No, absolutely not. I went for the Ivy League because the schools were where Harvard students’ friends were most likely to overlap.
W: OK, now that’s a mystery solved for many. Thanks for joining us tonight, Mark.
M: Thanks for having me. It was fun.
Questions:
17. Who is the interview mainly targeting
18. What can we infer about a typical programmer’s life
19. Why did Zuckerberg’s friends make jokes about him
20. Why was Facebook initially launched at Ivy League schools
2
高一年级 英语试卷
（本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟）
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 7:15. B. 8:00. C. 7:45. D. 8:15.
2. A. A thief. B. An architect. C. A cashier. D. A policewoman
3. A. The changeable weather. B. The man’s dress.
C. The popularity of the man. D. The lecture of the man.
4. A. Tailor and customer. B. Hairdresser and customer.
C. Husband and wife. D. Housekeeper and the host.
5. A. On a train. B. On an airplane. C. In a theatre. D. In the lobby.
6. A. She will be in a hurry. B. She will be on sick leave.
C. She is reluctant to offer a ride. D. They are not in the same direction.
7. A. He likes to be in the sunshine. B. He hasn’t been to the beach before.
C. He gets darker after the weekend. D. He tries to balance his work with relaxation.
8. A. Interested. B. Disappointed. C. Excited. D. Indifferent.
9. A. Winfrey is born with a silver spoon in her mouth.
B. Trump’s speech inspired a lot of Americans.
C. Compared to Trump, Winfrey is lacking in experience.
D. Winfrey established herself from nothing.
10. A. He followed the steps of cooking from his grandmother.
B. He revolutionized the meatloaf of his grandmother.
C. He has a talent for cooking.
D. He is a green hand in cooking.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Because of the end of the Sumer Time.
B. Because the sleep hormone is fixed.
C. Because teenagers’ sleep rhythm is earlier than adults’.
D. Because of the new findings on sleep rhythm.
12. A. School delay is expected to boost the future labor supply.
B. Sleep deprivation has nothing to do with obesity.
C. The prediction of the school delay is too optimistic.
D. The economic problem behind sleep deprivation is hard to solve.
13. A. Clock going back in schools.
B. A new research on the sleep rhythm.
C. School schedule delay: to be or not to be.
D. The disadvantage of the new measure.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Unwrapping a new album. B. Having a newly-bought car.
C. Entering a newly-purchased house. D. Having access to an online account.
15. A. We consider ownership more important than access.
B. The terms and conditions of the Amazon encourages people to share the account.
C. Sharing economy maximizes the rate of usage for cars.
D. Sharing economy makes clear the relationship between consumers and the commodities.
16. A. It is environment-friendly to increase the usage of goods and cut down the cost.
B. Sharing economy boosts car manufacture.
C. Sharing economy fundamentally reshapes the market and benefits people.
D. In sharing economy, companies bridge the gap between people and resources.
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Businessmen. B. College students.
C. Mass media producers. D. Sports lovers.
18. A. They seldom have a balanced work-rest schedule.
B. They frequent pubs in the university.
C. They barely stay up late.
D. They are athletic.
19. A. He has gained weight. B. He preferred beer to mixed drinks.
C. He has no access to a fake ID. D. He is capable of making websites.
20. A. He wanted to be an elite. B. He drew the inspiration from a professor.
C. Students shared the same social circle. D. Students referred to it as an escape.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Loving Legacy
Magic wands, flying broomsticks, terrifying monsters... these are the features of the fantasy genre. And over the last few decades, Harry Potter has remained at the top of the list for (21) ________ looking to journey into a magical world. Where many authors have tried, J. K. Rowling—with the help of numerous fans—has succeeded in bringing her characters to life (22) ________ books, movies, theaters, theme parks and so much more.
Harry Potter might have started off as (23) ________ book meant for young children to read and perhaps forget a few years down the line. Few expected that the young boy with messy jet-black hair, green eyes and a lightning-shaped scar on his forehead (24) ________ (manage) to take us all along on an unforgettable journey. Critics of the series claim that certain characters do not have enough depth, or the writing cannot compare with the likes of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings and C. S. Lewis's The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. However, they (25) ________ hardly deny the massive impact of Harry Potter on the literary world.
I grew up reading Harry Potter. Like millions of other children, I waited on my eleventh birthday for an owl carrying a letter to inform me that I (26) ________ (accept) into the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. For the younger me, the wizarding world was so fantastic and attractive that I always wanted more. As a new book was only released every year or two, I had plenty of time (27) ________ (explore) other worlds of fantasy. And I loved every moment of it. (28) ________ I have not picked up a Harry Potter book in about a decade, I still make a beeline for(直奔) the fantasy section each time I am in a bookstore. Most importantly, I came to love the simple act of reading.
Some may think that fantasy or science fiction has no place in literature, as they corrupt the mind and provide no useful lessons. These people are wrong. Characters in popular fantasy or science fiction novels are not much different from those in classic literature novels. Each embodies the emotion, character and thought (29)________ the author is trying to convey. So, (30) ________ ________ ________ unrealistic the plot may seem, good novels teach, and keen readers learn.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. resulting B. repeatedly C. relatively D. unusual E. difficult F. fluent G. fed H. mastered I. planning J. previously K. convenient
How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began making (31)________ advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to absorb nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had (32)________ the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the (33)________ energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists (考古学家) believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790,000 years.
Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive assembly of stone tools. The sandstones themselves have (34)________ yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes—large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus(直立人). Creating an axe by (35)________ knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of (36)________. Their appearance is therefore thought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution. Trapped inside the Olduvai sandstones, the researchers found (37)________ biological molecules（分子）that are often interpreted as biomarkers for heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85°C and 95°C. The molecules’ presence suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once (38)________ by one or more hot springs.
Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a(n) (39)________ “pre-fire” means of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or by digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it is plausible, if (40)________ to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, since it is a transportable resource.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
From Citation to Entry
How does a word get into a Merriam-Webster dictionary This is one of the questions editors are frequently asked. The answer is simple: usage.
Each day most Merriam-Webster editors devote an hour or two to reading a wide collection of (41)________ material, including books, newspapers, magazines and electronic publications. In our office this activity is called “reading and marking.” The editors read the texts (42)________ new words, new usages of existing words, different spellings, and inflected forms— (43)________, anything that might help in deciding if a word belongs in the dictionary, understanding what it means, and (44)________ typical usage. Any word of interest is marked, (45)________ surrounding context that offers insight into its form and use.
The marked passages are then input into a computer system and stored both in machine-readable form and on 3"×5" slips of paper to create citations. Each citation has the following elements: the word itself, an example of the word used in context, and bibliographic information about the (46)________ from which the word and example were taken.
Merriam-Webster’s citation files, which can be (47)________ the 1880s, now contain 15.7 million examples of words used in context and cover all aspects of the English vocabulary. Citations are also available to editors in a searchable text database—what (48)________ call a corpus—that includes more than 70 million words drawn from a great variety of sources.
Before a new word can be added to the dictionary, it must have enough citations to show that it is (49)________ used. But having a lot of citations is not enough. A word may be (50)________ for entry into a general dictionary if all of its citations come from a single source or if they are all from highly specialized publications that (51)________ the jargon of experts within a single field.
The number and range of citations needed for a word’s (52)________ in the dictionary vary. In (53)________ cases, a word jumps onto the scene and is both instantly popular and likely to last, as was the (54)________ in the 1980s with AIDS. In such a situation, the editors determine that the word has become firmly established in a relatively short time and should be entered in the dictionary, (55)________ its citations may not span the wide range of years exhibited by other words.
41. A. published B. digitized C. related D. selected
42. A. in line of B. in terms of C. in search of D. in view of
43. A. in short B. but for C. in addition D. for instance
44. A. locating B. applying C. entering D. determining
45. A. according to B. along with C. except for D. based on
46. A. Origin B. basis C. resource D. source
47. A. traced back to B. originated from C. begun with D. introduced in
48. A. dialectics B. linguistics C. gymnastics D. statistics
49. A. widely B. frequently C. often D. greatly
50. A. accepted B. received C. rejected D. neglected
51. A. reform B. inform C. reflect D. inflect
52. A. recognition B. composition C. revision D. inclusion
53. A. common B. popular C. rare D. major
54. A. time B. matter C. case D. type
55. A. even though B. as though C. so that D. in case
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It’s no secret that China has always been a source of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion – they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China, but some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs —and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says, “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China – its influences, its directions, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
56. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York
A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
57. What does Hill say about Chinese women
A. They do business all over the world. B. They admire super models.
C. They start many fashion campaigns. D. They are setting the fashion.
58. The underlined phrase “taking on” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. competing against B. learning from C. working with D. looking down on
59. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text
A. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
B. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
C. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
D. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
(B)
60. You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is it possible for you to enjoy the next one
A. 13:06 B. 14:06 C.15:06 D. 16:06
61. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true
A. The geyser’s name indicates that it always erupts regularly, 20 times a day, once every 74 minutes.
B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance due to its freezing coldness.
C. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each time.
D. To check the eruption time, visitors may refer to predictions on the posted timetables.
62. Where does the article most probably appear
A. The Yellowstone official website. B. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.
C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone. D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.
(C)
“Walkability” linked to reduced hospital costs and admissions
Neighborhoods designed to encourage people to walk to and from the shops and public transport will help reduce hospital costs and admissions linked to residents, new Canberra research shows.
The research project, from the University of Canberra’s Health Research Institute, has revealed a relationship between a suburb’s “walkability score” and a reduction in both hospital costs and admissions and added to the growing debate surrounding the role of “social determinants” in health outcomes.
Coauthors Dr. Yan Yu and Vincent Learnihan studied ACT Health data from 30,690 hospital admissions across 88 of the ACT’s suburbs, and then matched them against each suburb’s “walkability score”. That score is a measure of how easy it is to get around a particular suburb, including the number of interconnected streets, footpaths and the presence of shops, public transport stops, restaurants and services within walking distance of each other.
Dr. Yu said the study showed that those suburbs rated as “walkable”—with a walkability score of 20 units or more—were linked to a 12.1 per cent lower hospital cost for those residents and a 12.5 per cent lower rate of hospital admissions.
She said the admissions data they focused on included cancers, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and diabetes.
But the research also showed that in Canberra, some 80 per cent of all the city’s suburbs were still “car-dependent”, which Mr. Learnihan said showed more needed to be done to help encourage Canberrans to walk, ride and use public transport.
While Mr. Learnihan commended the ACT government’s existing “active travel” programs, he said the study showed that wider and better funded initiatives to improve the “walkability” of new and existing suburbs could help save on health costs and improve Canberrans’ quality of life.
Dr. Yu said such changes could be as simple as improving footpaths and bike paths, increasing public transport access and improving local shops.
63. The suburb’s “walkability score” depends on the following factors within the walking distance of each other EXCEPT ______.
A. the presence of shops B. the presence of taxi stands
C. the number of interconnected streets D. the number of interconnected footpaths
64. The underlined word “commended” in Paragraph 7 probably means ______.
A. praised B. abandoned C. transformed D. conducted
65. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. the suburb with a walkability score of 12.5 units can be rated as “walkable”
B. a majority of Canberrans walk, ride and use public transport to and from work
C. admissions data researchers focused on included different kinds of disease
D. footpaths and bike paths in the suburbs of Canberra are far from satisfactory
66. What will probably happen in the future？
A. There will be fewer cars in Canberra.
B. Canberrans will have easier access to public hospitals.
C. The word “walkability” will be included in the authoritative dictionary.
D. “Walkability” of new and existing suburbs in Canberra will be improved.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. What began as four pieces then has grown to more than 10,500 now through donations and acquisitions.
B. Most likely it was the view the book offered into a different world.
C. The illustrations come from books that span the past half-century.
D. In 1938, the American Library Association (ALA) began presenting annually the Caldecott Medal to the most distinguished children’s book illustration published in the year.
E. Each illustration explores the worlds of science, engineering or medicine.
F. Many wonderful free picture books for children are available to read, download, and print.
A New Exhibition Explores the Science and Math in Children’s Book Illustrations
Think back to a favorite picture book, the one where the edges of the cover grew worn and a few pages loosened from the binding after so many readings. Perhaps it was the unfolding story or the vivid illustrations that enthralled a young you. ___67___.
“Picture books are some of the first memories I have for looking at and understanding the world around me,” says J.D. Talasek, the director of the Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences. But one doesn’t have to be a child to find delight and wonder in images from children’s books. That’s the premise behind a new exhibition, “Igniting the Imagination,” which opened this week at the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in Washington D.C.
The exhibition features 29 artworks from the collection of children’s book illustrations at the Mazza Museum, located at the University of Findlay in Ohio. ___68___In one, an old gentleman wearing glasses and his companion, a young boy in a red T-shirt, lean to the side as they feel the centrifugal force of a rollercoaster’s curve. The man’s hat floats above and behind him, pushed off by the wind of his motion. In another, sea turtles appear to take off like a flock of sea-green-colored birds from a tower of pink, branching coral.
___69___ The oldest is from Project Boy by Lois Lenski, published in 1954, and shows a group of children building a fort out of “junk.” The subjects range from the magic of math to the biology of a decaying log to the engineering of a skyscraper.
“The exhibit is framed through these disciplines, but it uses the power of art to help make broader connections to how inventions, practices and discoveries frame our experiences,” Talasek says.
The museum’s collection was born in 1982, as part of a celebration of the 100th anniversary of Findlay College, the university's predecessor institution. Jerry Mallett, a professor of education at the time, spearheaded the establishment of the children's book illustration collection. ___70___ The artworks include a diversity of styles and media.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71.
In Europe, more than half of 100 designers employed in the car-making industry are art graduate. Carmakers such as Audi, Jaguar and Ford all have artists designing new cars for the future. It goes without saying that new models are incorporating the latest technology. However, increasingly the cars of tomorrow are designed with artistic styles. Nowadays, customers demand that their new cars look as up-to-date and fashionable as possible.
Artists are not only designing cars. Increasingly, art students are influencing modem architecture, including the designing of new buildings. Artists are also helping with the restoration of old buildings by using specialized techniques learnt at art school.
Interestingly, artists are also finding ways of making life easier for us. Recently, one young artist has received a design award for a lifting aid. The newly-designed aid is a simple supportive framework that helps people who care for the weak or sick to lift their patients more easily. Another art student has received an award for creating a revolutionary baby feeder. The artist invented a tool that allows parents to feed small children with only one hand.
The marriage between art and business is set to continue. Industry recognizes the importance and value of young artists designing for the future. As one art professor commented, “Today, people understand that problems can be solved using artists’ eyes.”
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 出门前，她总会仔细考虑自己的着装。(tend)
73. 这款新药对感染了这种病毒的病人是否有效尚不知晓。(remain)
74. 学生们应充分意识到这样的事实：能力、勤奋和健康是成功的三大要素。(aware)
75. 只有在提高效益的基础上保持快速的经济增长，我们才能减轻就业压力，保持社会稳定。(Only)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的李华，你校外籍教师Chris将在文化周期间做一个有关西方文化的讲座，现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请给Chris写一封电子邮件，邮件必须包含以下内容：
你喜欢的讲座话题（从建筑、绘画或风俗中任选其一）；
选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
希望从中有何收获。
参考答案
I. Listening Comprehension
1-20 BDBBC ACBDC DAA DCC BACC
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
21. those
22. through
23. a
24. would manage
25. can
26. had been accepted
27. to explore
28. Although / Though / While
29. that
30. no matter how
Section B
31-40 CHAJB IDGKE
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
41-55 ACADB DABAC CDCCA
Section B
56-59 BDAC
60-62 BDA
63-66 BACD
Section C
67-70 BECA
IV. Summary Writing
71. It’s a trend to combine art with industry to meet the customers’ need of the latest technology as well as artistic and fashionable styles. Artists are employed to design cars, buildings and interior decoration. Moreover, the artists design devices to make life easier. There will be a greater recognition of the importance and value of artists designing for the future. (60 words)
V. Translation
72. Before going out, she tends to carefully consider her clothing/dress.
73. Whether the new medicine will have any effect on the patients (who are) infected by this (kind of) virus remains unknown.
74. Students should be fully aware of the fact that ability, diligence and health are three important factors of success.
75. Only by maintaining rapid economic growth on the basis of improving effectiveness/efficiency can we relieve/reduce/ease/lighten employment pressure and promote social stability.
Listening Script:
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the Spring Festival Gala will start
M: It’s a quarter past seven. We have to wait for another three quarters.
Q: What time will the Spring Festival Gala start
2. M: Madam, I need your help. I was in the grocery store for a couple of minutes and when I came out, my car was gone.
W: Sir, calm down. Tell me the specific time and location, and I’ll need some information about your car.
Q: What is probably the woman
3. W: Well, that’s an awfully heavy sweater for a day like today.
M: I’m going to be at a lecture in the auditorium most of this morning, and you know what the air conditioning is like there.
Q: What are they talking about
4. M: You can take your time to make up your mind about the color. Before that, I can shampoo your hair.
W: OK, I’ll take a few more looks at the fashion magazine before deciding on the color.
Q: What is probably the relationship between the two people
5. W: Excuse me, may I see your ticket please I think you are sitting in my seat.
M: Oh, you are right. I am sorry. My seat is in the balcony.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place
6. M: Can I ride to school with you tomorrow, Abby
W: Another day would be fine. I will be out of town early in the morning tomorrow.
Q: Why can’t the woman give the man a ride
7. W: Hey, Tim. You look different. Let me see. You must have gotten tanned in the sun.
M: Yes. I spent the whole weekend lying at the beach.
Q: What can we learn about Tim
8. M: I’ve heard that you just came back from Copenhagen. How did you like the celebrated statue of the Little Mermaid
W: Well, let’s just say it was more or less overrated.
Q: How did the statue made the woman feel
9. W: As her speech at the Golden Globes ceremony showed, Oprah Winfrey is everything that Donald Trump is not.
M: I watched the ceremony live. A lot of people, me included, were touched. She is self-made while Trump was born in a feathered nest.
Q: What does the man imply
10. M: My grandmother used to serve the most delicious meatloaf. Unfortunately, I never got the recipe before she passed away. I fly blind.
W: It’s really delicious. You are born to be a chef.
Q: What can we learn about the man
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.
In the U.K., the clocks go back by one hour on Sunday to mark the end of British Summer Time. Experts have been weighing up a more permanent time shift in our daily schedules, particularly for tired teenagers who struggle with early school starts.
The rethink on teen sleep is largely due to emerging science on sleep rhythms. The genetics associated with body clocks earned this year’s Nobel Prize for physiology. The timing of release of the sleep hormone changes with age: during adolescence, it begins late at night and continues until about 8 a.m. The sleep rhythm of a teenager can lag by two to three hours.
A report by the Rand Corporation argues that, for adolescents, delaying the start of school to 8:30 a.m. or later could bring a 140-billion-dollar benefit to the economy over 15 years.
The gains come mainly from two predicted pay-offs: first, improved academic performance, which increases the likelihood of graduation and future work; second, a reduction in car crashes, which means more students make it into the future labor supply.
Marco Hafner, a Rand economist, says the gains could be even higher because the calculations of benefits were on the conservative side. The input did not include other phenomena, such as the risks of suicide and obesity that are believed to be intensified by sleep deprivation.
Rand concluded that teenage sleep deprivation should be regarded as an economic problem with a possible solution. The financial rewards will outweigh any associated costs of fixing it, such as rescheduling bus routes or extending after-school clubs.
It concludes that benefits such as increased sleep, increased alertness, higher attendance and better mood. This led the academy to give its full support for change.
Questions:
11. Why did experts begin to reconsider a permanent schedule shift for teenagers
12. Which of the following statements is correct
13. What does the passage mainly talk about
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
Who remembers the sound of unwrapping a new record, the smell of a new car or the excitement of opening the door to a newly bought home At different times in my life, each one stood for the joy of possession, and the sense of having really arrived.
However, my teenage children and their peers do not see things the same way. They would rather pay for online music and videos than purchase DVDs or permanent downloads.
The changes come in several catalogues. Apps are linking owners of goods and services — bicycles, spare bedrooms, even solar energy — to a host of potential users.
We are entering an era in which consumers will value access over ownership and experiences over property.
What on earth happened to both consumers and companies that supply them
First of all, when companies are supplying services rather than goods, the relationship between consumers and the things that they use becomes more complex. If I have a record album on my shelf, my husband can clearly play it. But when I link our Amazon Echo speaker to my son’s account, I have no idea whether I am breaking the terms and conditions he agreed to with his account. Furthermore, does that act give Amazon the right to send the advertisements based on the songs we play
In many cases, the shift to a sharing economy will also affect the nature of the goods that are being shared. Currently, most cars spend most of the time sitting idle. If drivers stop buying their own cars and instead sign up for a rental service or use apps such as Uber, each individual vehicle will receive a lot more use. That means carmakers will face pressure to produce fewer, better-made cars.
Questions:
14. Which of the following might not have contributed to people’s feeling of happiness in the past
15. Which of the following statements is correct
16. What does the passage mainly talk about
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
W: Welcome to tonight’s Legendary Lives. I’m Shirley Morgan. We are quite honored to have Mark Zuckerberg, the founder and CEO of Facebook, with us. Over the past decade, he has redefined the way of communication. Welcome to our program, Mark.
M: Hello, Shirley. It’s a pleasure to be here.
W: Now Mark, let’s begin with some questions from our audience, which mostly consists of college students, shall we
M: Sure. Go ahead.
W: When did you usually get up in the morning when you were at Harvard That’s specific, I have to say.
M: Yes, it is. Well, it depended on my meeting schedule. More often than not, I burned the midnight oil and would stay awake for days at times. You know, I kept programmer life … eh, programmers tend to stay up really late.
W: That would mean you skipped breakfast
M: The only time I ate breakfast was when I had meetings that early in the morning. Usually it was a late lunch and then a late dinner and then a second dinner at Jack in the Box.
W: Some of your fans pointed out that you used to be athletic.
M: Yes. I played tennis. And as you know, I programmed.
W: When you went out with your friends, which would you choose, beer or mixed drinks
M: Beer, but actually I didn’t drink. Some friends made fun of me for not having a fake ID. They’d be like, “You can make websites but you can’t make a fake ID ”
W: I would have been asking the same question, I guess. Now we have time for one last question, and here’s one of the most frequently asked questions: Why did you launch Facebook at Ivy League schools first Did you intend it to be elitist
M: No, absolutely not. I went for the Ivy League because the schools were where Harvard students’ friends were most likely to overlap.
W: OK, now that’s a mystery solved for many. Thanks for joining us tonight, Mark.
M: Thanks for having me. It was fun.
Questions:
17. Who is the interview mainly targeting
18. What can we infer about a typical programmer’s life
19. Why did Zuckerberg’s friends make jokes about him
20. Why was Facebook initially launched at Ivy League schools
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