人教版（新课程标准）必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: 单词讲解课件（40张ppt)

(共40张PPT)
Unit 4
单词讲解
harm--harmful
1.be harmful to/for sth.
= do harm to sth. 对。。。有害
harmful有害的
harmless无害的
poison 毒品--poisonous有毒的
There is no harm in doing sth.
= It does no harm to do sth
做某事没有害处
1.harm v./. 损害，伤害
= hurt 使受伤，损害，疼痛
=injure v.损害，伤害
=damage v/n. 损害，毁坏
吃太多的垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
Eating too much junk food is harmful to/for our health.
Eating too much junk food does harm to our health.
打太多的游戏对我们的学习有害。
Playing too much games is harmful to/for our study.
Playing too much games does harm to our study.
【活学活用】
①Throwing rubbish about usually __ ________ __/ ____ _____ __(有害于)our living environment.
②多吃蔬菜和水果没有坏处。
译: ____________________________________________________________________
is
harmful
to
does
harm
to
There is no harm in eating more
vegetables and
fruit.
用harm的适当形式填空。
③Being exposed to(暴露于)strong sunlight may be
________ to your skin.
④The treatment they gave him did him more _____ than good, though the doctor insisted it was ________.
harmful
harm
harmless
【易混辨析】睁大钛合金dog 眼观察区别！
unlike 是介词, 也是形容词, 表示“与……不同; 不像”
dislike 是动词, 表示“不喜欢; 厌恶”
like 是动词, 表示“喜欢”, 也可作介词, 表示“像”
likely 是形容词, 表示“可能的”, 常用的句式是It’s likely that. . . , 表示“很可能……” be likely to do sth. 很可能做sth.
他很可能是个傻子。
He is likely to be a fool.
这些人可能经常在天堂打麻将！
They are likely to play Majiang often in the heaven .
It’s likely that they often plays Majiang in the heaven.
practice
1.这个星期我们可能要举行运动会。
We will be likely to hold sports meeting this week.
It’s likely that we will hold sports meeting this week.
【活学活用】
①______ her younger brother, she _______ playing football.
和她弟弟不同, 她不喜欢踢足球。
②___ ______ ___ __ be so patient with children.
对孩子那么有耐心不像她平常的样子。
Unlike
dislikes
It’s
unlike
her
to
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.
译: _________________________________________
我所看到的完全不同于我过去所经
历的事情。
3.exist v. =survive v. 生存，幸存
exist v.—existent adj. –existence n.
violent adj.暴力的—violence n. 暴力
patient adj.有耐心的，病人--- patience n. 耐心
present adj: 目前的，现在的；现在，礼物
----presence n. 在场，出席
4.in one’s turn 轮到某人
turn to sb.
=resort to sb.
=ask sb. for help 向某人求助
5. prevent. Sb./sth. from +n/v-ing/宾从
=stop Sb./sth. from +n/v-ing/宾从
=keep Sb./sth. from +n/v-ing/宾从
含义：阻止/防止sb./sth.做某事
from一般不要省略
我们应该阻止美国的贸易战争。
We ought to prevent/keep/stop America from trade wars.
我们应该阻止太多的脂肪伤害我们的健康。
We ought to prevent/keep/stop too much fat harming our health.
我们应该阻止战争伤害孩子。
We ought to prevent/keep/stop wars damaging/hurting our children.
【活学活用】
①(2017·泉州高一检测)The heavy snow ______________________ __ _____ going out yesterday. 昨天大雪阻止了我们外出。
prevented/
stopped/kept
us
from
②(2017·天津高考)Sure, I could have asked her, but something _________ me _____ doing so.
当然, 我本可以问她, 但有些事阻止了我这样做。
prevented
from
③(2017·莆田高一检测)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to _______
Chinese fishing boats _____ _____ ________ in the South China Sea.
中国最近加紧了对黄岩岛附近海域的控制以阻止中国的渔船在南海海域受到袭击。
prevent
from
being
attacked
1.break out 突发; 爆发
break up　分解; 打碎, 破裂; 解散; 终止
break in 强行闯入; 打断
break into 突然闯入; 突然改变
break away from 打破; 脱离
break down 出故障，出毛病;心情抑郁，镇压，失败
扫描记忆 3 times
1.break out 突发; 爆发
break up　分解; 打碎, 破裂; 解散; 终止
break in 强行闯入; 打断
break into 突然闯入; 突然改变
break away from 打破; 脱离
break down 出故障，出毛病;心情抑郁，镇压，失败
我的车坏了，你能搭我一程么？
My car broke down, can you pick me up
小偷闯入了他家，然后就走了。
A thief broke into his house, then left his house.
【活学活用】
用break的适当短语填空。
①A fighting ______ ___ between the two sides.
②The thief _______ __ my house and stole my money.
③Our plans have _______ _____ due to the bad management.
broke
out
broke
into
broken
down
④The prisoner ______ _____ _____ the policemen and escaped.
⑤The party ______ ___ at midnight.
broke
away
from
broke
up
⑥(2017·衡阳高一检测)如果迈克继续像这样工作,他的身体迟早会垮掉的。
If Mike carries on working like this, he’ll ______ _____ sooner or later.
⑦(2017·徐州高一检测)火灾发生时, 我仍在睡觉, 然后它迅速蔓延开来。
I was still sleeping when the fire ______ ___ , and then it spread quickly.
break
down
broke
out
3.Now that =in that, considering(that),
since, because, as
他们都可以表示：因为，由于，后+句子
注：他们所连接的两个句子中间没有任何符号，特别是逗号！
因为他已经去世了很多年了，所以很多人都已经忘记他了。
A large number of people have forgotten him now that he has been dead for many years.
我们应该让我们的祖国强大起来，因为别人攻击我们的时候，是不会告诉我们的。
We are supposed to make our country strong in that other countries will not tell us when they attack us.
4.
cheer up感到高兴; 感到振奋
for the first time第一次
lay eggs下蛋
puzzle n. 谜; 难题; vt. & vi. (使)迷惑;
practice
我们应该要变成一个优秀的人，因为我们要为孩子创造一个和平的世界。
We ought to become an excellent person in that/now that/because we will create a peaceful world for children.
2.exhaust v.用尽，耗尽，使筋疲力尽
=wear out v.穿破，使筋疲力尽
exhausted adj.= worn-out 筋疲力尽的
exhausting adj.筋疲力尽的
这件事耗尽了他的一生。
This thing exhausted his lifetime.
他们耗尽了所有力气救人，最终，所有人都精疲力竭了。
They exhausted all energy to save lives, finally , they are exhausted.
practice
1.这是一件非常耗精力的事情，所有人在完成之后都筋疲力尽了。
This is an extremely exhausting thing, all people are exhausted after finishing it.
表精神状态的adj. 2mins
3 .
active=positive=optimistic 积极的，乐观的
passive=negative: 消极的，悲观的
energetic：精力充沛的
excited： 兴奋的
ambitious：有雄心壮志的
。。。。。。
我们应该保持积极的态度，我们应该对未来充满雄心壮志，而不应该消极悲观。
We should keep active/ positive/optimistic and we ought to be ambitious to our future not be
passive or negative.
Practice 齐读！
4. 1min
cheer up感到高兴; 感到振奋
for the first time第一次
lay eggs下蛋
puzzle n. 谜; 难题; vt. & vi. (使)迷惑;