2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句 学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句 学案（无答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2021-12-04 10:13:34 | ||
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名词性从句
考点解析
高考名词性从句主要考察语法填空中关联词的选用，要稳拿这一分的话，需要对四种名词性从句掌握透。十一选十、阅读、完型的分析也需要对其概念很熟悉，在理解文章的时候才不会犯错。翻译也会考察名词性从句，作文里面运用一些名词性从句的高级句型能起到加分作用。
二、重点讲解
1.The book is interesting
2.He is reading a book.
3.All the people are looking for the missing boy.
小结
主语通常位于： ，和 之前。
宾语通常位于： ，和 之后。
表语通常位于： 之后。
判断下面的从句类型
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
We walk along the river till it was dark.
She doubted if he could succeed.
The question is that she doesn’t love him at all.
What she needs are books.
小结
主语从句通常位于： ，和 之前。
宾语从句通常位于： ，和 之后。
表语从句通常位于： 之后。
同位语从句
COVID-2019（A）,a terrible pneumonia disease（B） , has broken out in most parts of the world.
The news(A) that people are allowed to leave Wu Han after the lockdown(B)has excited all Chinese people.
两个指同一个事物的句子成分在同等位置时，一个句子成分（A）被其后面的一个句子成分（B）进一步解释说明时，我们就把B叫做A 的同位语。
当一个句子做同位语时，我们就将这个句子叫同位语从句。
同位语从句的构成：名词+连接词+从句
名词的要求： 。
针对练习：
判断下面从句的类型
Whether we will go there depends on weather.
He asked where you went.
Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.
He is thinking about what they are going to do next.
The news that I have passed the exam is true.
名词性从句连接词
从属连词： .
连接代词：
连接副词： .
从属连词用法that
1.The news that he has been admitted by Peking University is exciting.
2.We know that the earth travels around the sun.
3.Our plan is that we'll go there once a week
4.That he will succeed is certain .
从属连词that用法： 。
从属连词用法whether,if
I wonder whether/if he knew the manager
Whether he will go there is not decided yet
The information whether he will come here is still not known
The question is whether we need more ice cream.
使用whether 和if的情况: .
练习
I don't know or not he'll come.
you don’t like him is none of my business
The information he will come to visit his uncle is known to his family.
I don't care he will come.
连接代词用法
What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
Who has broken the glass is unknown.
Whom we should serve is an important question.
That is what he is worried about.
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
连接代词作用： 在从句中充当 、 、 、 。且在从句中有实际的含义。what 意为 whatever 意为________ whom意为 which意为 whichever 意为 who 意为 who/whom+ever意为 。
连接代词引导名词性从句的用法
1. 作用：连接主句和从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语
2. 分类: 充当主、宾、表：what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever); which(ever)
充当定语：which(ever), whose
针对练习：
you can have no idea he said.
The problem was could do the work
leaves the office should tell me.
you have done might do harm to other people
Do you know they are waiting for
连接副词
He don't know When the speech contest will be held
Whenever you want to come is fine with me.
Where the speech contest will be held still needs discussing .
Wherever you are will not affect my love for you.
Why the sun rises in the east is interesting.
when 意为 whenever意为 做 _________成分
where 意为 wherever 意为 做 成分
why意为 ，做 状语
针对练习：
Li Bai was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “that is I was born.
we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
We haven't settled the question we are going to spend our summer vacation this summer holiday.
I have no idea he will be back
分类讲解
主语从句
连接词：从属连词：that,whether,if,because.
(从属连词引导名词性从句或状语从句只起引导作用，在句中不单独做句子成分）
连接代词：what,who,whom,whose,whomever,whoever,which,whichever,whatever.
（它们在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中做主语，宾语，表语或定语）
连接副词：how,(how many,how much)when,why,where,（没有however,wherever,whenever).
（它们在句中既起连接作用，又在从句在做状语，表示时间，地点，原因和方式）
例如:That he survived the accident is a miracle.
Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
It is doubtful whether /if he is coming.
What he needs is more experience.
How the prisoner escaped is a mystery.
Whom we must serve is a question of vital importance.
Whose fault it is is quite clear now.
Just because he is over 60 doesn’t mean he must retire.
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
Whichever you wants is yours.
(Just) because something has always been done a certain way does not make it right.
(Just) because all nation states are motivated by self-interest does not preclude that self-intererst having a moral component.
用it做形式主语的主语从句有以下六种不同句型：
It +be +形容词+主语从句（可由that,whether/if, 连接代词/连接副词引导） It is necessary that ...，有必要...... It is obvious/clear that ...，很明显...... It was quite clear that the crime had been done deliberately. It is doubtful whether/if he will come. It is not clear how accurate the results are.
It +be +ed分词+主语从句（可由that,whether/if, 连接代词/连接副词引导） It is estimated that ...，据估计....... It has been decided that...，已决定....... It is that estimated the work would take us 2 months. 据估计我们要用两个月完成这项工作。 Has it been decided where we are to hold the meeting 决定了我们开会的地点了吗？
It +be +名词 +主语从句 (可由that,连接代词/ 连接副词引导） It is a truth that ...，真理是/事实是....... It is a shame/pity that ...，遗憾的是...... It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.是什么导致这场事故完全是个谜。 It is a truth that theory comes from practice. 理论来自实践是条真理。 No wonder that he didn’t want to go. 难怪他 不想走。 ( It is wonder that句型中的it is可省去）
It +不及物动词+主语从句（可由that,whether/if, 连接代词/连接副词引导） It seems that ...，似乎是....... It chanced that...，碰巧...... It occurred to sb /struck sb that ...，某人突然想起.. It doesn’t matter what she look like. 她的外表怎么样并不重要。 It chanced that he was out when she called. 她来访时，他恰好外出了。 It didn’t occur to him that his wife was having an affair. 他没有想到自己的妻子有婚外情。
It+vt+宾语+主语从句（可由that,whether/if, 连接代词/连接副词引导） It makes no difference/odds that ...， 毫无关系/作用/影响........ It doesn’t make any/much/the least/a bit of difference that...，没有多大/任何/一点关系/影响 It dawns on sb that...，某人突然明白...... （注：这种句型常见只这三种形式） It makes no odds whether she goes or she stays.她是走还是留都没有关系。 It doesn’t make much difference to me what you do. 你做什么对我来说没有多大关系。 Suddenly it dawned on me that they couldn’t possiblyhave met before. 我突然明白他们以前不可能见过面。
It +be+介词短语+主语从句（可由that,whether/if, 连接代词/连接副词引导） It is of great/little importance/consequence that...， ......事关重要/无关紧要 It is without saying that...， 毫无疑问....... (注：这种句型常见只这两种形式） It is of great importance whether we can improve our scientific research or not. 我们能否提高我们的科学研究是极 为重要的。 It is without saying that nuclear energy will be more and more used. 毫无疑问，核能 将会得到越来越广泛的应用。
注：句型1中“It is likely that...”，句型2中“It is said/reported...”，句型4和句型5的“it dawns on sb that”通常不可改为主语从句位于句首的句 型。 It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not.(√) Whether he likes it or not doesn’t matter.(×) 他喜不喜欢它都没关系。
宾语从句
连接词：从属连词：that.whether/if .
连接代词：which.what.who(whom.whose).whichever.whatever.whoever.whomever.
连接副词：why.when.where.how.(how many /much/long/well/deep)等。
(没有however.whenever.wherever).
宾语从句的类型：
。
He ordered that we should start at once . 他命令我们立即出发。
Do you know how long it will take us to finish the experiment 你知道我们要用多长时间完成实验吗？
Take whichever seat you like.你随意做哪个位子都行。(whichever引导宾语从句，whichever做定语。）
He gave whoever asked for it a copy of his latest paper. 不管谁要，他都将他最近写的论文给他一份。
。
I was curious as to what we would do next . 我很想知道下一步我们该做什么。
He will give the book to whomever he likes. (whomever做宾语）他会把这本书给他喜欢的人。
The gold medal will be presented to whoever comes out first. 谁得第一名谁得金牌。
。
I am afraid that I have made a mistake . 恐怕我犯了一个错误。
I am delighted that you get good grades in school . 你在学校成绩优秀，我很高兴。
三．用it做形式宾语的宾语从句有以下四种不同句型：
1.动词+it+形容词/分词+宾语从句（可由that,why,how when,where等引导） find it impossible that ...，发现.........不可能 think it important that ...，认为........很重要 hear it said that ...，听说........ He has made it clear that he won’t agree to the plan.他说得很清楚，他不会同意这个计划。 He has made it known why he chose to make politics a career. 他已经清楚地说明了他为什 么决定从政。 I heard it said that she had gone abroad. 听说她到国外去了。
2.动词+it+名词+宾语从句 (一般只由that引导） feel it a pity/his duty that ...，认为.......是遗憾的事/ 是他的职责 make it a rule that ...，形成惯例做 We all think it a pity that she didn’t show up at the meeting. 我们大家都认为她不到会是个 遗憾。
3.动词+介词+it+宾语从句 （一般只由that引导） see( to it) that...，务必，确保........ rely on/count on/depend on it that ...，指望，相信...... insist on it that...，坚持，坚持要求...... swear to it that...，保证，发誓...... answer for it that...，保证，对......负责 I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我负责使一切都按时准备好。 He insisted on it that he was innocent. 他坚持自己无罪。 You may depend on it that we will all support you.你放心，我们都会支持你的。
动词+it+宾语从句（一般由that/when引导） have it that...，声称，坚持...... take it that...，认为，料想...... like/love it that...，喜欢...... hate it that...，厌烦...... owe it to sb that...，归功于...... take it for granted that...，认为......是当然的 (注：这些及物动词需要使用that从句时，并不直接 与that从句连用，而要用it做形式宾语，让that从 句做真正宾语。） I take it that he gives his assent.我认为他同意了。 Rumor has it that the school burned down. 据谣传，那学校烧毁了。 I like it when she kissed me. 我喜欢她亲吻我。 I love it when you sing. 我喜欢听你唱歌。 I hate it when people cry. 我厌烦别人哭。 I hate it that I’ve made so many mistakes, 我憎恨我犯了这么多错误。 I took it for granted that you knew the fact. 我认为你肯定知道那件事实。 He owes it to his doctor’s care that he is quite well again.他康复的非常好，他将这归功他 的医生的照料。
注意事项：替代词it 不可换作其它词。
that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况中，that不能省略。
1.and 连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，紧跟在 谓语动词后的引导词that可省略，其余宾语从句 前的that不能省略。 I believe (that) this money will tide them over the difficulties and that things will improve. 我相信这笔钱会帮助他们渡过难关，情况会好起来 的。
2.that引导的宾语从句做介词宾语时，that不能 省略。 （注意：that从句除可以放在except/save that （除了......),but that(要不是），in that(因为）， notwithstanding that(虽然）之后外，不做介词 的宾语从句。） I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 This is an ideal site for a university in that it is far from the downtown area. 这是一处理想的大学校址，因为它远离市区。
3.that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。 That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4.主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that 不可省略。 We decided ,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。
5.从句的主语是that时，that不能省略。 He thought that that was a washing machine. 他认为那是一台洗衣机。
it 做形式宾语，真正宾语的that从句放于句 尾，此时that不可省。 （但it做形式主语时，that有时可省。） I found it strange that he has not come yet. 他现在还没来，我感到很奇怪。 It is a pity you can’t swim. 你不会游泳，真遗憾。
不能省略that的宾语从句：
否定的转移：think,consider,suppose,believe,assume,expect,fancy,guess,reckon,imagine,feel等词后宾语
从句否定要转移到主句中。
例如：I don’t think he can do it better than me . 我想他不会比我做得更好。
I don’t suppose that she likes the book. 我认为她不喜欢这本书。
六．下列动词后宾语从句用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省）：
一个坚持：insist. 两个命令：order,command
四个建议：suggest,advise propose recommend .六个要求：demand,request,require,ask,desire,urge(敦促，要求）
例如：He advised that the doctor(should ) be sent for. 他建议派人请医生。
She insisted that the seats (should )be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。
不可以直接接that 从句，而要用“动词+间接宾语+that从句”的动词：
tell, show,teach,remind, notify ,inform ,assure,persuade,convince,call, ask ,satisfy,warn,question等。
例如：The policeman warned us that the roads were icy. 那位警察提醒我们道路结了冰。
The sight of the clock reminded him that he was late. 一看到钟他就知道迟到了。
不可以that 从句做直接宾语的动词,即不用于“动词+间接宾语+that 从句”结构的动词：
envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,congratulate,denounce(指责）等。
例如： 她原谅了他违背承诺。
She forgave him that he had broken his promise (×）
She forgave him for breaking his promise/his breaking his promise.(√）
他给经理的印象是个诚实的人。
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man(×）
He impressed the manager as an honest man .(√）
It impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(√)
原谅我来迟了。 不要怪我没按时来。
Excuse me that I come late (× ） Don’t blame me that I didn’t come on time(×）
Excuse me for coming late(√） Don’t blame me for not coming on time (√）
Excuse me coming late (√）
我羡慕她英语说得那么好。 我祝贺你取得了成功。
I envy her that she speak English so well.(×) I congratulate you that you have succeed.(×)
I envy her speaking English so well.(√) I congratulate you upon your success.(√)
宾语从句的隔离现象 ：（有人认为宾语从句做固定短语动词的宾语）
We must keep in mind that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of
the earth.我们一定要记住物体的重量在空气中与在地球表面是不同的。
In passing sentence,the judge took into consideration that it was the prisoner’s first offence.
在判刑时，法官考虑到犯人是初犯。
表语从句
一．连接词：
1.连接词：as, as if ,as though,because, just as,that,whether(无if),（(just )as,as if,as though只引导表语
从句，不可引导主语从句）
2.连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose（没有whoever,whichever,whatever)
3.连接副词：when,where,why,how (没有whenever,however,wherever)
例如：It may be as you say. 此事可能像你说的那样。
This is because the earth is traveling around the sun. 这是因为地球绕着太阳转。
He looks as if he were in great pain. 他看上去很痛。
This is how Jane lives. 简就是这样生活的。
Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总像其表面那样。
当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导，而不是because，结构为“the reason that/why...is/
was that...”
例如；The reason( that/why ) he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
他迟到的原因是因为差一分钟没有赶上火车。
由“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词派生出来的名词引导的表语从句要用虚拟语气，这些名词为：
order,advice,demand,decision,proposal,suggestion,request,requirement,recommendation,desire 等。
例如：Their desire was that a treaty (should) be signed. 他们的愿望是签一个条约。
The demand is that manuscripts (should) be written on one side only. 按照要求，手稿单面誊写。
同位语从句
连接词：
连接词：that(常用)，whether(无if)
连接代词what（没有whatever,whichever,who(m)ever）
连接副词when,where,why how（没有whenever,wherever,however）
例如：I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。
It is not a question whether he is reliable. 这不是他是否可靠的问题。
A story goes that the emperor was killed by his son . 据传说，那个皇帝是被他儿子杀死的。
能接同位语从句的名词有： belief ,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,rumor,advice,message,wish,conclusion,demand,request,evidence,
suggestion,law,problem,order,decision discovery explanation ,information knowledge,opinion,possibility,
principle,truth,promise,report,thought,statement rule,certainty probability,likelihood (可能).
同位语从句的隔离现象：
例如：An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
她突然想起可以用另一种方法做这个实验。
He got a message from Mr Johnson that the manager could not see him that afternoon.
他从约翰逊先生那里得到消息，经理那天下午不能同他会面的。
They heard the news on the radio yesterday that a typhoon was coming.
他们从昨天的广播中听到消息说要来飓风。
由“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词派生出来的名词引导的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。这些名词
为：order,advice,demand,decision proposal suggestion request,requirement,recommendation,desire 等
例如：he issued the order that the troops(should)withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。
There is a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 又一项建议是布朗应该离队。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
定语从句的引导词that在从句中充当主语或宾语等； 而同位语从句中的引导词that在从句中只其连接作 用，不作任何句子成分。 A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的 机器。（定语从句，引导词that作从句的主语） The fact that they didn’t finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对他们没有完成工作的事实。（同位语从 句，that只起连接作用，从句解释fact的内容。）
同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系， 二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主十系+ 表”结构来表示。 The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。 The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。
由 when,why,where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明 表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语 从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。 I still remember the day when I first come to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。（定语从句） I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。（同位语从句） This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子。（定语从句） The question where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided. 我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。 （同位语从句）
同位语从句的中心词只是有限的表概括意义的抽象 名词。如fact,idea,belief,conclusion,impression等。 定语从句的先行词是无限的，既可是抽象概念的词， 又可是具体概念的词。 She received the message that he would come by plane. 她收到了他将乘飞机来的消息。（同位语从句） She received the message (that) you sent her a few daysago.你几天前给她发的消息她收到了。 （定语从句）
第三节 whether和if在名词性从句中的使用
whether与if均为“是否”的意思，引导宾语从句时，两者通常可互换。但在下列情况下，只用whether. （当表示“是否”含义，而whether和if又同时出现时，一般选择whether不会出错。)
用 法 示 例
引导主语从句并在句首 （但：可把if引导的主语从句移到句尾，用it充当 形式主语。） Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 他来不来都没有关系。 It is not clear to me if she likes the present. 我还不清楚她是否喜欢这个礼物。
引导同位语从句 Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。
引导表语从句 The question is whether they can cooperate with us. 问题是是否他们能和我们合作。
作介词的宾语从句 It all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。
直接与”or not/or no”连用 Please tell me whether or not you agree. 请告诉我你是否同意。
宾语从句前置时 Whether he lives there,I want to know. 他是否住在那里，我想知道。
用 法 拓 展（whether在非名词性从句中）
whether还可以引导让步状语从句。 （虽然有if/whether....or not，但他们引导的是名词性 从句。如：Please tell me if you agree or not/Please tell me whether or not you agree.) Whether you like it or not,you’ll have to do it. 无论你喜欢不喜欢，你都得做。
whether还可与分词、介词短语构成短语，在句中作 让步状语。 (if 也可和分词和介词短语连用，但它做的是条件状 语。） Whether sleeping or walking,he was not at ease. 不管睡着还是醒着，他心都不安。 Whether by accident or design,they met. 无论是巧遇还是有意，反正他们见面了。 An electron,if moving,produces a magnetic field. 运动的电子产生磁场。 She went to the country to serve the peasants,if not for that,she wouldn’t have gone. 她到乡下去为 农民服务，如不为此，她是不会去的。
whether还可与不定式连用。 I don’t know whether to answer it (or not). 我不知道是否应当给予回答。
doubt在肯定句中，其后的宾语从句可用whether或 if引导；但当doubt用于否定句和疑问句时，不用 whether或if，要用that，因为句子本身已没有 “怀疑”“选择”之意。 I don't doubt that you are innocent.我相信你是清白的。 Can you doubt that she will win 你怀疑她会赢吗？ I doubt whether/if it is true. 我怀疑这是否是真的。
第四节 名词性从句的注意事项
1.名词性从句的语序皆为陈述句 He doesn’t know where the post office is. 他不知道邮局在何处。
宾语从句的“否定前置”：主句的主语为第一人称 （I/we），且谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine, expect,calculate,reckon,assume,figure,seem,bet,feel,fancy 时，位于主句中的否定词not被转移到宾语从句中。 （没有hope, guess） I don’t think that is right for you to do so. 我认为你这样做是不对的。 I hope that you are not ill. 我希望你没病。 I guess he will not help me. 我猜想他是不会帮 我的。
fact,idea,reason,truth,chance,information,conclusion, news,possibility,believe,conclude等意义肯定的名词 或动词，其相关的名词性从句一般应用that引导； question,ask,doubt,wonder等表示疑问的名词或动词， 其相关的名词性从句一般用wh-引导(包括if, how)， 而若之前有了否定词not或no时，从句一般为肯定 句，宜用that引导。 The reason why he was absent this morning was that hewas badly ill. 今天上午他缺席的原因 是他病得厉害。 There is no doubt that the clever and diligent will pass the CEE next year. 无疑，聪明用功的学生会通过明年的高考。
名词性从句时态的呼应：主语从句，表语从句，同 位语从句遵循主从句动词时态基本一致原则：要么 都用现在时，要么都用过去时。 宾语从句时态呼应原则：A.主句为现在或将来概念 时（即为现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时时）， 从句可根据需要用各种时态。B.主句谓语动词表示过 去时间概念时（即一般过去时），从句的时态要用过 去的某种时态(客观事实、科学原理、谚语、生活常 识、自然现象除外）。 （注：状语从句和定语从句不受时态呼应原则限制， 可根据需要选用任何时态） It was uncertain whether he would come or not. （主语从句）他来不来不敢肯定。 What surprised me was that he spoke English so well.(表语从句)让我大为吃惊的是他英语说得 那么好。 All the time she was in bitter doubt whether he was right. (同位语从句) 她一直苦于难以断定他是否对。 I’m confident that I’ll pass the exam. (宾语从句） 我自信自己能通过考试。 He said that he graduated from Oxford in 1973. (宾语从句）他说他1973年毕业于牛津大学。 The teacher told the children that water boils at 100°C.(宾语从句）老师告诉孩子们水在100 摄 氏度沸腾。
5.who与whoever引导名词性从句辨析： who常保留本身疑问的含义，即“谁”。整个从句侧 重指整体的事件；是特指（=the person(s) that)。 whoever意为the person who...或anyone who...整个从 句侧重指人。是泛指“无论谁......都.....” Who broke the window is unknown. 不知道是谁打破了窗户。 Whoever( Anyone who) breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法者都要受到惩罚。 Who will go with us has not yet been decided. 谁和我们一起去还没决定。 Whoever (The person who) told you about it was lying.无论谁告诉你的都是说谎。
6.what 与whatever引导名词性从句辨析： 两者皆可以引导名词性从句，但whatever比what语 气强，意为“anything that(任何事物）”。 What she did was right. 她所做的是对的。 Whatever she did was right.她做的一切都是 对的。 Do what you like. 做你喜欢的事情。 Do whatever you like. 你爱干什么就干什么。
关系副词引导名词性从句时： when=the time when(什么时候，何时） where=the place where(什么地方，何地） how=the way in which(如何，怎样） why=the reason why (为什么） 这些关系副词起双重作用，既是连接词，又做状 语，引导的从句在句中可以做主语，宾语，表语。 When we can begin the expedition is still a question.（主语从句） 我们何时才能开始这次考察仍悬而未决。 We didn’t know why she didn’t come. (宾语从句) 我们不知道她为什么没来。 The question is how we can get the loan. （表语从句）问题是我们怎么能弄到贷款。
课堂练习
1._______you don’t like him is none of my business.
2.________the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not Known yet.
3.It worried her a bit_______her hair was turning grey.
4._______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
5. _______caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ______we had done the day before．
7.They want to know ______ they can do to help us．
8. Do you know _______ his name is
9.I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village．
10.No one can be sure _______ man will look like in a million years．
11.You can't imagine ________ excited they were when they received these nice Christmas presents.
12.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s ________I got wet through.
13.________she couldn’t understand was________fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
14.Information has been put forward_______more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
15. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.
16. _________they have won the game made us excited.
17. ________I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. Whether...or/ or not
18. _______is certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
19. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
20. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree.
21. The road is covered with snow. I can't understand ______they insist on going by motor-bike.
22. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
23. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______ I’m talking to.
24. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’6s future.
25. After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
26. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
27 The Foreign Minister said, “_______our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
28. We cannot figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
29．It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today .
30．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need .
31.There’s a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO is not ever.
32. will be sent to work there is still unknown
33. Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s it takes to do anything well.
34. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady.
35. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
36. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.
37. It is generally considered unwise to give a child___________ he or she wants.
38. —Do you remember ______ he came
39. we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
40. _______we can't get seems better than we have.
41. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
42. －－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
－－Is that______ you had a few days off
43．It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
44．Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.
45．The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
46．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
47．A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ________ ships are built for.
48．I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.
49．________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
50．—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
51．________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.
52．If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
53.It doesn’t matter you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park.
54.It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.
55. The delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
56.Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but lit was probably around 1566.
57.modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases.
58.From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
59.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.
60.We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
61.I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
-By working out every years.
62.Everyone in the village is very friendly. I t doesn’t matter you have lived there for a short or a long time.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)
1.Above all, I wonder that it is convenient for you to inform me of the specific schedule in advance.
2. From that I understand, people are destroying thousands of square kilometers of trees
every day.
3.They set a good example to the young couples, showing that true love is.
4. I'm writing to ask that whether you are able to do me a favor.
5. We should be grateful to them in return for which they have done for us.
6. But the salesgirl didn't understand that the foreigner was saying.
7. In a word, you must have an idea of how a healthy diet should be and stick
to it.
8. My family are planning to make it at 8 o'clock this Saturday morning at the school gate. We are wondering that it is convenient to you.
9. It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.
10. In a large busy city, we do everything as quickly as possible, especially eating. That's because fast food is so popular.
11．That college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream to have well-paid jobs where they can live their lives to the fullest.
12．There is no doubt if English has become a universal language nowadays.
13．That you should learn is how to write down the most important words，not the whole sentence.Remember that you need information，not sentences.
14．I feel it a terrible thing which my mother should have to toil so endlessly.
15．The fact is what he didn't notice the car until too late.
16．Secondly，watching TV is a good way to kill our spare time.Finally，we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.
17．As time went on，I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.
18．Now I am writing to tell you that my city has done to reduce traffic jams in the last few years.
19．I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man.Beyond my expectations，the woman answered with a smile.
20．Fortunately，I had a mobile phone with me，so I called the police and told them that had been found.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)
1．That college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream to have well-paid jobs where they can live their lives to the fullest.
2．There is no doubt if English has become a universal language nowadays.
3．That you should learn is how to write down the most important words，not the whole sentence.Remember that you need information，not sentences.
4．I feel it a terrible thing which my mother should have to toil so endlessly.
5．The fact is what he didn't notice the car until too late.
6．Secondly，watching TV is a good way to kill our spare time.Finally，we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared. Kill time
7．As time went on，I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.
8．Now I am writing to tell you that my city has done to reduce traffic jams in the last few years.
9．I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man.Beyond my expectations，the woman answered with a smile.
10．Fortunately，I had a mobile phone with me，so I called the police and told them that had been found.
长难句理解：
1.A recent study showed that almost two thirds of parents believed that schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said that their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt that they didn’t understand it themselves well enough to explain.
The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever turning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged.
.Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
4.I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States, that in the case of long-term coma states, close family members should be allowed to take their loved one off life support machines.
As studies continue to prove Traditional Chinese Medicine’s worth, especially in helping patients with cancer and AIDS, it becomes more and more obvious that Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine complement each other.
6. He also dismissd concern in the media that parliament was slipping into the Thames, while the commission’s spokesman denied that the walls around the palace were suffering from a particularly bad sinking problem causing Big Ben to lean.
7.Two out of three people think that it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
8.They believe (that) their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
9.In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write.
10Nancy and her colleagues at that university found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gain on a standard test of attention.
11.What Winter knows of the 19 year old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (移植)．
12.Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented (发酵) would kill off the yeast (酵母菌) that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.
13.We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
14.Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive, especially when compared with the alternative, which is almost free, and it is astonishing that America’s desire for bottled water seems impossible to satisfy, reaching nearly 30 billion bottles a year.
名词性从句翻译
主语从句
1中国参加了世贸组织不仅是个巨大的挑战，而且是个很好的机遇。 (not only…but also)
地球上人口飞速增长是人类面临的重大问题之一。(face)
3一个人的成功与否主要取决于他多勤奋，而不是他多聪明。(depend on)
4.我是否买这件衬衣要看我口袋里有多少钱。(depend on)
5.运动会是否将被推迟到下周五仍然是个问题。(remain)
6他在会议上提出的建议是否会被接受还不得而知。(remain)
7．这幅古画怎样带到了日本是一个谜。(mystery)
8.他的话一点儿也没有使他妈妈感到麻烦。(bother)
9.我们在学校所学到的东西对我们的未来有很大的影响。(have an effect on)
10.科学家得到诺贝尔奖时想到的是荣誉而不只是一笔钱财。(award)
11.对我们来说，重要的不是输赢，而是参与。(matter)
12.失败并不可怕；可怕的是失败之后失去成功的信念。(lose hope)
13．人的一生中总是有很多机会，重要的是如何抓住这些机会。(catch)
14．父母的言行对孩子的成长会产生很大的影响。(have an effect on)
15．现在很多年轻人所缺乏的不是书本知识而是实践经验。(not…hut…)
宾语从句
1.考官脸上的笑容表明他对面试的结果相当满意。(indicate)
2.你必须承认所有的公民在法律面前一律平等。(equal)
3.众所周知，植树对保护环境至关重要。
4.研究表明，随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越关J0生活的质量。(concern)
5.这场事故表明，许多学生仍然未对新交通法规给予足够的重视。(show)
6.今天上午校长提醒我们，如果天气不好，学校运动会将延期举行。(remind)
7.我肯定他能信守诺言的。(sure)
8.猎人不知道是否射中了那只鸟。(whether … or not)
9.没有人知道鸡和蛋哪个先形成。(come into existence)
10.汤姆急于要弄清楚爸爸是否会遵守诺言给他买辆自行车。(make sure)
11.我不知道你是否注意了解放日报上那篇有关污染的文章。(notice)
12.有些科学家怀疑是否有第六感觉的存在。(there be)
13.对他的无知，她不知道是该哭还是该笑。(or)
14.如果你每天听广播，就能了解世界各地发生的事。(inform)
15.老师想知道什么东西还需要解释。(need)
16.不知道他为什么到现在还没来，他肯定是乘错了车了。(wonder)
17.许多家长开始明白了孩子们通过玩耍可以学到许多书本上学不到的东西。 (through play)
18.通过上星期的这个活动，学生们不但复习了学过的知识，还学会了如何相互合作。
(cooperate)
19.我真担心有一天计算机将会控制人们的生活。(control)
20.后来他渐渐明白了为什么他们的英语教师经常叫他们背诵课文。(come to)
21我实在不明白为什么我上星期天储存在电脑里的信息不见了。(store)
22.当他专心致志看书时，他对周围发生的事情全然不知。(concentrate)
23.我们两三天就完成了过去要花大约一个月才能做完的工作。(take，accomplish)
24.古时候，人们是用他们所有的物品去换他们所需要的东西，因为那时还没有流通货币。(trade … for …)
25.父母有时要他们的孩子做自己不会做的事情。(do)
26.你可以想象，当我得到盼望已久的小提琴时，我是多么激动。(imagine)
27.．越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。(be aware) (Ss00)
28．学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱，患难朋友才是真朋友。(realize) (Ss01)
29．应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。(apply) (S02)
30．你应该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。．(apologize) (S04)
31．我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。(believe) (S06)
32．物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) (Ss06)
表语从句
因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。(The reason why) (Ss04)
很可能我们的篮球队将成为篮球比赛的冠军。(The chances are that )
他英语学得糟糕的原因是因为他把注意力仅集中在语法上，而不是在交际上。(reason)
4．如果我们能不断完善自己，我们就有可能在今后的生活中获得成功。 (The chances are…)
5．他给我印象最深的是他是一个有能力的人。(impress)
6.我失望的事不是你考试不及格，而是你学习不努力。(disappoint)
7.使老师感到担忧的是，有些智力平平的学生对自己缺乏自信心。(average，lack)
8．他近视眼的原因是经常连续四五个小时不停地看书。(keep)
9．使我担心的是，这孩子除了电脑，似乎对什么都不感兴趣。(What makes me…)
10．他没有取得进步的原因是他总是避免难题，而不是努力去解决它们。(instead of)
林肯受到美国人民热爱的原因是他毕生致力于解放奴隶，统一国家。 (devote…to)
15．问题是我们至今还不知道会议什么时候开始。
16．报纸的第一页是我们了解当天最重要新闻的地方。(where)
17．那个国家经常卷入战争，这就是它极端贫穷的原因。(involve in)
18．我不理解的是他从哪里得到的消息。(understand)
19．造了这么多高层，松江已不再是十年前的松江。(with)
20．真正重要的不在于别人怎么看待你，而在于你自己怎么看待你自己。(matter)
表语从句。
听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时，人们欣喜若狂。(news that) (Ss03)
I. “fact'’
1．诺贝尔发了大财，但他发明的炸药杀死了许多人，为此他感到悲伤。(make a large fortune)
尽管在过去两个月里他的健康每况愈下，他仍然将其全部时间和精力投人对癌症的研究。(fail，devote)
你不能不顾当水手势必有很长时间不在家的这一事实。(ignore，involve)
他不得不面对他的眼睛已经被弄瞎的事实。(be blinded)
尽管他年老多病，他把全部时间都投入到新机器的发明中。(in spite of)
我担心，你将不得不面对这样一个事实，只有百分之六十的毕业生能进入高校。(face the fact)
没有人能否认台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分这个事实。(deny)
由于我丢了他的地址，我不知道到哪儿去找他。(Owing to)
9．我们必须考虑到大桥的建设将因洪水而受阻这一事实。(hold up)
10．虽然他深知抽烟有害健康，然而他对我们要他戒烟的忠告却一直置若罔闻。(a deaf ear)
11．越来越多的人开始认识到这样一个事实：暴力电视节目对儿童的成长有不良影响。 (realize)
12．我们迟早要面对这样一个现实，那就是我们总有一天要离开父母独立生活。
(independently)
II.“doubt”
1．毫无疑问，天然食品有益于健康。(good)
毫无疑问，在新鲜的空气里锻炼对健康有好处。(do good)
毫无疑问，环境对孩子的成长有很大的影响。(effect)
毫无疑问，政府将采取一切措施来防止这种疾病的蔓延。(take measures)
毫无疑他会在英语学习上取得更大进步。(doubt)
6．毫无疑问，这位士兵将因其勇敢而被授予一枚金质奖状。(award)
7．毫无疑问，我们应该通过勤奋而不是靠作弊来取得良好的学习成绩。(doubt)
8．毫无疑问，坐飞机比坐汽车安全。(doubt)
III．“news”
1．敌兵全部被赶出了国土的消息传到首都。(reach)
当总统被谋杀的消息传到邻国，那些国家的领导人感到非常震惊。(reach)
当我听到中国将主办2008年奥运会的消息，我高兴得跳了起来。(1earn the news)
有消息传到城里，说警察一直在设法搞清这个人死亡的奥秘。(clear up)
5．你有没有听到他实验成功的消息 (succeed)
6．有消息传来说，他因为在物理方面做出了重大发现，而被授予诺贝尔奖。(award)
7．有消息传到我国，那场上个月初发生的地震对那个新建的国家造成了大量的损失。
(result)
IV．其他
1．所有的迹象似乎都表明将要发生地震。(there be)
2．你相信“虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后”这句谚语吗 (believe in)
3．热胀冷缩的原理可以运用于造桥和修建公路方面。(apply)
4．新加坡政府实行“居者有其屋”的政策，而且非常成功。(carry out)
5．缺乏实践经验的大学毕业生不太可能马上找到高薪的工作。(1ittle chance)
6．你能领会“知识就是力量”这句名言的真正含义吗 (realize)
7．就我们是否应该鼓励人们养宠物的问题，专家们展开了争论。(whether)
8．这次意外事故使他学到了“乐极生悲”这个教训。(lead to)
9．她坚信儿子接受的教育将能使他成为有用的人。(belief)
10．千万勿忘这句古话：“早谁早起使人健康、富足、睿智。”(make)
考点解析
高考名词性从句主要考察语法填空中关联词的选用，要稳拿这一分的话，需要对四种名词性从句掌握透。十一选十、阅读、完型的分析也需要对其概念很熟悉，在理解文章的时候才不会犯错。翻译也会考察名词性从句，作文里面运用一些名词性从句的高级句型能起到加分作用。
二、重点讲解
1.The book is interesting
2.He is reading a book.
3.All the people are looking for the missing boy.
小结
主语通常位于： ，和 之前。
宾语通常位于： ，和 之后。
表语通常位于： 之后。
判断下面的从句类型
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
We walk along the river till it was dark.
She doubted if he could succeed.
The question is that she doesn’t love him at all.
What she needs are books.
小结
主语从句通常位于： ，和 之前。
宾语从句通常位于： ，和 之后。
表语从句通常位于： 之后。
同位语从句
COVID-2019（A）,a terrible pneumonia disease（B） , has broken out in most parts of the world.
The news(A) that people are allowed to leave Wu Han after the lockdown(B)has excited all Chinese people.
两个指同一个事物的句子成分在同等位置时，一个句子成分（A）被其后面的一个句子成分（B）进一步解释说明时，我们就把B叫做A 的同位语。
当一个句子做同位语时，我们就将这个句子叫同位语从句。
同位语从句的构成：名词+连接词+从句
名词的要求： 。
针对练习：
判断下面从句的类型
Whether we will go there depends on weather.
He asked where you went.
Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.
He is thinking about what they are going to do next.
The news that I have passed the exam is true.
名词性从句连接词
从属连词： .
连接代词：
连接副词： .
从属连词用法that
1.The news that he has been admitted by Peking University is exciting.
2.We know that the earth travels around the sun.
3.Our plan is that we'll go there once a week
4.That he will succeed is certain .
从属连词that用法： 。
从属连词用法whether,if
I wonder whether/if he knew the manager
Whether he will go there is not decided yet
The information whether he will come here is still not known
The question is whether we need more ice cream.
使用whether 和if的情况: .
练习
I don't know or not he'll come.
you don’t like him is none of my business
The information he will come to visit his uncle is known to his family.
I don't care he will come.
连接代词用法
What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
Who has broken the glass is unknown.
Whom we should serve is an important question.
That is what he is worried about.
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
连接代词作用： 在从句中充当 、 、 、 。且在从句中有实际的含义。what 意为 whatever 意为________ whom意为 which意为 whichever 意为 who 意为 who/whom+ever意为 。
连接代词引导名词性从句的用法
1. 作用：连接主句和从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语
2. 分类: 充当主、宾、表：what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever); which(ever)
充当定语：which(ever), whose
针对练习：
you can have no idea he said.
The problem was could do the work
leaves the office should tell me.
you have done might do harm to other people
Do you know they are waiting for
连接副词
He don't know When the speech contest will be held
Whenever you want to come is fine with me.
Where the speech contest will be held still needs discussing .
Wherever you are will not affect my love for you.
Why the sun rises in the east is interesting.
when 意为 whenever意为 做 _________成分
where 意为 wherever 意为 做 成分
why意为 ，做 状语
针对练习：
Li Bai was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “that is I was born.
we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
We haven't settled the question we are going to spend our summer vacation this summer holiday.
I have no idea he will be back
分类讲解
主语从句
连接词：从属连词：that,whether,if,because.
(从属连词引导名词性从句或状语从句只起引导作用，在句中不单独做句子成分）
连接代词：what,who,whom,whose,whomever,whoever,which,whichever,whatever.
（它们在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中做主语，宾语，表语或定语）
连接副词：how,(how many,how much)when,why,where,（没有however,wherever,whenever).
（它们在句中既起连接作用，又在从句在做状语，表示时间，地点，原因和方式）
例如:That he survived the accident is a miracle.
Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
It is doubtful whether /if he is coming.
What he needs is more experience.
How the prisoner escaped is a mystery.
Whom we must serve is a question of vital importance.
Whose fault it is is quite clear now.
Just because he is over 60 doesn’t mean he must retire.
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
Whichever you wants is yours.
(Just) because something has always been done a certain way does not make it right.
(Just) because all nation states are motivated by self-interest does not preclude that self-intererst having a moral component.
用it做形式主语的主语从句有以下六种不同句型：
It +be +形容词+主语从句（可由that,whether/if, 连接代词/连接副词引导） It is necessary that ...，有必要...... It is obvious/clear that ...，很明显...... It was quite clear that the crime had been done deliberately. It is doubtful whether/if he will come. It is not clear how accurate the results are.
It +be +ed分词+主语从句（可由that,whether/if, 连接代词/连接副词引导） It is estimated that ...，据估计....... It has been decided that...，已决定....... It is that estimated the work would take us 2 months. 据估计我们要用两个月完成这项工作。 Has it been decided where we are to hold the meeting 决定了我们开会的地点了吗？
It +be +名词 +主语从句 (可由that,连接代词/ 连接副词引导） It is a truth that ...，真理是/事实是....... It is a shame/pity that ...，遗憾的是...... It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.是什么导致这场事故完全是个谜。 It is a truth that theory comes from practice. 理论来自实践是条真理。 No wonder that he didn’t want to go. 难怪他 不想走。 ( It is wonder that句型中的it is可省去）
It +不及物动词+主语从句（可由that,whether/if, 连接代词/连接副词引导） It seems that ...，似乎是....... It chanced that...，碰巧...... It occurred to sb /struck sb that ...，某人突然想起.. It doesn’t matter what she look like. 她的外表怎么样并不重要。 It chanced that he was out when she called. 她来访时，他恰好外出了。 It didn’t occur to him that his wife was having an affair. 他没有想到自己的妻子有婚外情。
It+vt+宾语+主语从句（可由that,whether/if, 连接代词/连接副词引导） It makes no difference/odds that ...， 毫无关系/作用/影响........ It doesn’t make any/much/the least/a bit of difference that...，没有多大/任何/一点关系/影响 It dawns on sb that...，某人突然明白...... （注：这种句型常见只这三种形式） It makes no odds whether she goes or she stays.她是走还是留都没有关系。 It doesn’t make much difference to me what you do. 你做什么对我来说没有多大关系。 Suddenly it dawned on me that they couldn’t possiblyhave met before. 我突然明白他们以前不可能见过面。
It +be+介词短语+主语从句（可由that,whether/if, 连接代词/连接副词引导） It is of great/little importance/consequence that...， ......事关重要/无关紧要 It is without saying that...， 毫无疑问....... (注：这种句型常见只这两种形式） It is of great importance whether we can improve our scientific research or not. 我们能否提高我们的科学研究是极 为重要的。 It is without saying that nuclear energy will be more and more used. 毫无疑问，核能 将会得到越来越广泛的应用。
注：句型1中“It is likely that...”，句型2中“It is said/reported...”，句型4和句型5的“it dawns on sb that”通常不可改为主语从句位于句首的句 型。 It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not.(√) Whether he likes it or not doesn’t matter.(×) 他喜不喜欢它都没关系。
宾语从句
连接词：从属连词：that.whether/if .
连接代词：which.what.who(whom.whose).whichever.whatever.whoever.whomever.
连接副词：why.when.where.how.(how many /much/long/well/deep)等。
(没有however.whenever.wherever).
宾语从句的类型：
。
He ordered that we should start at once . 他命令我们立即出发。
Do you know how long it will take us to finish the experiment 你知道我们要用多长时间完成实验吗？
Take whichever seat you like.你随意做哪个位子都行。(whichever引导宾语从句，whichever做定语。）
He gave whoever asked for it a copy of his latest paper. 不管谁要，他都将他最近写的论文给他一份。
。
I was curious as to what we would do next . 我很想知道下一步我们该做什么。
He will give the book to whomever he likes. (whomever做宾语）他会把这本书给他喜欢的人。
The gold medal will be presented to whoever comes out first. 谁得第一名谁得金牌。
。
I am afraid that I have made a mistake . 恐怕我犯了一个错误。
I am delighted that you get good grades in school . 你在学校成绩优秀，我很高兴。
三．用it做形式宾语的宾语从句有以下四种不同句型：
1.动词+it+形容词/分词+宾语从句（可由that,why,how when,where等引导） find it impossible that ...，发现.........不可能 think it important that ...，认为........很重要 hear it said that ...，听说........ He has made it clear that he won’t agree to the plan.他说得很清楚，他不会同意这个计划。 He has made it known why he chose to make politics a career. 他已经清楚地说明了他为什 么决定从政。 I heard it said that she had gone abroad. 听说她到国外去了。
2.动词+it+名词+宾语从句 (一般只由that引导） feel it a pity/his duty that ...，认为.......是遗憾的事/ 是他的职责 make it a rule that ...，形成惯例做 We all think it a pity that she didn’t show up at the meeting. 我们大家都认为她不到会是个 遗憾。
3.动词+介词+it+宾语从句 （一般只由that引导） see( to it) that...，务必，确保........ rely on/count on/depend on it that ...，指望，相信...... insist on it that...，坚持，坚持要求...... swear to it that...，保证，发誓...... answer for it that...，保证，对......负责 I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我负责使一切都按时准备好。 He insisted on it that he was innocent. 他坚持自己无罪。 You may depend on it that we will all support you.你放心，我们都会支持你的。
动词+it+宾语从句（一般由that/when引导） have it that...，声称，坚持...... take it that...，认为，料想...... like/love it that...，喜欢...... hate it that...，厌烦...... owe it to sb that...，归功于...... take it for granted that...，认为......是当然的 (注：这些及物动词需要使用that从句时，并不直接 与that从句连用，而要用it做形式宾语，让that从 句做真正宾语。） I take it that he gives his assent.我认为他同意了。 Rumor has it that the school burned down. 据谣传，那学校烧毁了。 I like it when she kissed me. 我喜欢她亲吻我。 I love it when you sing. 我喜欢听你唱歌。 I hate it when people cry. 我厌烦别人哭。 I hate it that I’ve made so many mistakes, 我憎恨我犯了这么多错误。 I took it for granted that you knew the fact. 我认为你肯定知道那件事实。 He owes it to his doctor’s care that he is quite well again.他康复的非常好，他将这归功他 的医生的照料。
注意事项：替代词it 不可换作其它词。
that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况中，that不能省略。
1.and 连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，紧跟在 谓语动词后的引导词that可省略，其余宾语从句 前的that不能省略。 I believe (that) this money will tide them over the difficulties and that things will improve. 我相信这笔钱会帮助他们渡过难关，情况会好起来 的。
2.that引导的宾语从句做介词宾语时，that不能 省略。 （注意：that从句除可以放在except/save that （除了......),but that(要不是），in that(因为）， notwithstanding that(虽然）之后外，不做介词 的宾语从句。） I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 This is an ideal site for a university in that it is far from the downtown area. 这是一处理想的大学校址，因为它远离市区。
3.that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。 That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4.主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that 不可省略。 We decided ,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。
5.从句的主语是that时，that不能省略。 He thought that that was a washing machine. 他认为那是一台洗衣机。
it 做形式宾语，真正宾语的that从句放于句 尾，此时that不可省。 （但it做形式主语时，that有时可省。） I found it strange that he has not come yet. 他现在还没来，我感到很奇怪。 It is a pity you can’t swim. 你不会游泳，真遗憾。
不能省略that的宾语从句：
否定的转移：think,consider,suppose,believe,assume,expect,fancy,guess,reckon,imagine,feel等词后宾语
从句否定要转移到主句中。
例如：I don’t think he can do it better than me . 我想他不会比我做得更好。
I don’t suppose that she likes the book. 我认为她不喜欢这本书。
六．下列动词后宾语从句用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省）：
一个坚持：insist. 两个命令：order,command
四个建议：suggest,advise propose recommend .六个要求：demand,request,require,ask,desire,urge(敦促，要求）
例如：He advised that the doctor(should ) be sent for. 他建议派人请医生。
She insisted that the seats (should )be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。
不可以直接接that 从句，而要用“动词+间接宾语+that从句”的动词：
tell, show,teach,remind, notify ,inform ,assure,persuade,convince,call, ask ,satisfy,warn,question等。
例如：The policeman warned us that the roads were icy. 那位警察提醒我们道路结了冰。
The sight of the clock reminded him that he was late. 一看到钟他就知道迟到了。
不可以that 从句做直接宾语的动词,即不用于“动词+间接宾语+that 从句”结构的动词：
envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,congratulate,denounce(指责）等。
例如： 她原谅了他违背承诺。
She forgave him that he had broken his promise (×）
She forgave him for breaking his promise/his breaking his promise.(√）
他给经理的印象是个诚实的人。
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man(×）
He impressed the manager as an honest man .(√）
It impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(√)
原谅我来迟了。 不要怪我没按时来。
Excuse me that I come late (× ） Don’t blame me that I didn’t come on time(×）
Excuse me for coming late(√） Don’t blame me for not coming on time (√）
Excuse me coming late (√）
我羡慕她英语说得那么好。 我祝贺你取得了成功。
I envy her that she speak English so well.(×) I congratulate you that you have succeed.(×)
I envy her speaking English so well.(√) I congratulate you upon your success.(√)
宾语从句的隔离现象 ：（有人认为宾语从句做固定短语动词的宾语）
We must keep in mind that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of
the earth.我们一定要记住物体的重量在空气中与在地球表面是不同的。
In passing sentence,the judge took into consideration that it was the prisoner’s first offence.
在判刑时，法官考虑到犯人是初犯。
表语从句
一．连接词：
1.连接词：as, as if ,as though,because, just as,that,whether(无if),（(just )as,as if,as though只引导表语
从句，不可引导主语从句）
2.连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose（没有whoever,whichever,whatever)
3.连接副词：when,where,why,how (没有whenever,however,wherever)
例如：It may be as you say. 此事可能像你说的那样。
This is because the earth is traveling around the sun. 这是因为地球绕着太阳转。
He looks as if he were in great pain. 他看上去很痛。
This is how Jane lives. 简就是这样生活的。
Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总像其表面那样。
当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导，而不是because，结构为“the reason that/why...is/
was that...”
例如；The reason( that/why ) he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
他迟到的原因是因为差一分钟没有赶上火车。
由“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词派生出来的名词引导的表语从句要用虚拟语气，这些名词为：
order,advice,demand,decision,proposal,suggestion,request,requirement,recommendation,desire 等。
例如：Their desire was that a treaty (should) be signed. 他们的愿望是签一个条约。
The demand is that manuscripts (should) be written on one side only. 按照要求，手稿单面誊写。
同位语从句
连接词：
连接词：that(常用)，whether(无if)
连接代词what（没有whatever,whichever,who(m)ever）
连接副词when,where,why how（没有whenever,wherever,however）
例如：I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。
It is not a question whether he is reliable. 这不是他是否可靠的问题。
A story goes that the emperor was killed by his son . 据传说，那个皇帝是被他儿子杀死的。
能接同位语从句的名词有： belief ,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,rumor,advice,message,wish,conclusion,demand,request,evidence,
suggestion,law,problem,order,decision discovery explanation ,information knowledge,opinion,possibility,
principle,truth,promise,report,thought,statement rule,certainty probability,likelihood (可能).
同位语从句的隔离现象：
例如：An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
她突然想起可以用另一种方法做这个实验。
He got a message from Mr Johnson that the manager could not see him that afternoon.
他从约翰逊先生那里得到消息，经理那天下午不能同他会面的。
They heard the news on the radio yesterday that a typhoon was coming.
他们从昨天的广播中听到消息说要来飓风。
由“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词派生出来的名词引导的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。这些名词
为：order,advice,demand,decision proposal suggestion request,requirement,recommendation,desire 等
例如：he issued the order that the troops(should)withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。
There is a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 又一项建议是布朗应该离队。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
定语从句的引导词that在从句中充当主语或宾语等； 而同位语从句中的引导词that在从句中只其连接作 用，不作任何句子成分。 A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的 机器。（定语从句，引导词that作从句的主语） The fact that they didn’t finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对他们没有完成工作的事实。（同位语从 句，that只起连接作用，从句解释fact的内容。）
同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系， 二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主十系+ 表”结构来表示。 The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。 The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。
由 when,why,where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明 表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语 从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。 I still remember the day when I first come to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。（定语从句） I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。（同位语从句） This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子。（定语从句） The question where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided. 我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。 （同位语从句）
同位语从句的中心词只是有限的表概括意义的抽象 名词。如fact,idea,belief,conclusion,impression等。 定语从句的先行词是无限的，既可是抽象概念的词， 又可是具体概念的词。 She received the message that he would come by plane. 她收到了他将乘飞机来的消息。（同位语从句） She received the message (that) you sent her a few daysago.你几天前给她发的消息她收到了。 （定语从句）
第三节 whether和if在名词性从句中的使用
whether与if均为“是否”的意思，引导宾语从句时，两者通常可互换。但在下列情况下，只用whether. （当表示“是否”含义，而whether和if又同时出现时，一般选择whether不会出错。)
用 法 示 例
引导主语从句并在句首 （但：可把if引导的主语从句移到句尾，用it充当 形式主语。） Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 他来不来都没有关系。 It is not clear to me if she likes the present. 我还不清楚她是否喜欢这个礼物。
引导同位语从句 Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。
引导表语从句 The question is whether they can cooperate with us. 问题是是否他们能和我们合作。
作介词的宾语从句 It all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。
直接与”or not/or no”连用 Please tell me whether or not you agree. 请告诉我你是否同意。
宾语从句前置时 Whether he lives there,I want to know. 他是否住在那里，我想知道。
用 法 拓 展（whether在非名词性从句中）
whether还可以引导让步状语从句。 （虽然有if/whether....or not，但他们引导的是名词性 从句。如：Please tell me if you agree or not/Please tell me whether or not you agree.) Whether you like it or not,you’ll have to do it. 无论你喜欢不喜欢，你都得做。
whether还可与分词、介词短语构成短语，在句中作 让步状语。 (if 也可和分词和介词短语连用，但它做的是条件状 语。） Whether sleeping or walking,he was not at ease. 不管睡着还是醒着，他心都不安。 Whether by accident or design,they met. 无论是巧遇还是有意，反正他们见面了。 An electron,if moving,produces a magnetic field. 运动的电子产生磁场。 She went to the country to serve the peasants,if not for that,she wouldn’t have gone. 她到乡下去为 农民服务，如不为此，她是不会去的。
whether还可与不定式连用。 I don’t know whether to answer it (or not). 我不知道是否应当给予回答。
doubt在肯定句中，其后的宾语从句可用whether或 if引导；但当doubt用于否定句和疑问句时，不用 whether或if，要用that，因为句子本身已没有 “怀疑”“选择”之意。 I don't doubt that you are innocent.我相信你是清白的。 Can you doubt that she will win 你怀疑她会赢吗？ I doubt whether/if it is true. 我怀疑这是否是真的。
第四节 名词性从句的注意事项
1.名词性从句的语序皆为陈述句 He doesn’t know where the post office is. 他不知道邮局在何处。
宾语从句的“否定前置”：主句的主语为第一人称 （I/we），且谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine, expect,calculate,reckon,assume,figure,seem,bet,feel,fancy 时，位于主句中的否定词not被转移到宾语从句中。 （没有hope, guess） I don’t think that is right for you to do so. 我认为你这样做是不对的。 I hope that you are not ill. 我希望你没病。 I guess he will not help me. 我猜想他是不会帮 我的。
fact,idea,reason,truth,chance,information,conclusion, news,possibility,believe,conclude等意义肯定的名词 或动词，其相关的名词性从句一般应用that引导； question,ask,doubt,wonder等表示疑问的名词或动词， 其相关的名词性从句一般用wh-引导(包括if, how)， 而若之前有了否定词not或no时，从句一般为肯定 句，宜用that引导。 The reason why he was absent this morning was that hewas badly ill. 今天上午他缺席的原因 是他病得厉害。 There is no doubt that the clever and diligent will pass the CEE next year. 无疑，聪明用功的学生会通过明年的高考。
名词性从句时态的呼应：主语从句，表语从句，同 位语从句遵循主从句动词时态基本一致原则：要么 都用现在时，要么都用过去时。 宾语从句时态呼应原则：A.主句为现在或将来概念 时（即为现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时时）， 从句可根据需要用各种时态。B.主句谓语动词表示过 去时间概念时（即一般过去时），从句的时态要用过 去的某种时态(客观事实、科学原理、谚语、生活常 识、自然现象除外）。 （注：状语从句和定语从句不受时态呼应原则限制， 可根据需要选用任何时态） It was uncertain whether he would come or not. （主语从句）他来不来不敢肯定。 What surprised me was that he spoke English so well.(表语从句)让我大为吃惊的是他英语说得 那么好。 All the time she was in bitter doubt whether he was right. (同位语从句) 她一直苦于难以断定他是否对。 I’m confident that I’ll pass the exam. (宾语从句） 我自信自己能通过考试。 He said that he graduated from Oxford in 1973. (宾语从句）他说他1973年毕业于牛津大学。 The teacher told the children that water boils at 100°C.(宾语从句）老师告诉孩子们水在100 摄 氏度沸腾。
5.who与whoever引导名词性从句辨析： who常保留本身疑问的含义，即“谁”。整个从句侧 重指整体的事件；是特指（=the person(s) that)。 whoever意为the person who...或anyone who...整个从 句侧重指人。是泛指“无论谁......都.....” Who broke the window is unknown. 不知道是谁打破了窗户。 Whoever( Anyone who) breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法者都要受到惩罚。 Who will go with us has not yet been decided. 谁和我们一起去还没决定。 Whoever (The person who) told you about it was lying.无论谁告诉你的都是说谎。
6.what 与whatever引导名词性从句辨析： 两者皆可以引导名词性从句，但whatever比what语 气强，意为“anything that(任何事物）”。 What she did was right. 她所做的是对的。 Whatever she did was right.她做的一切都是 对的。 Do what you like. 做你喜欢的事情。 Do whatever you like. 你爱干什么就干什么。
关系副词引导名词性从句时： when=the time when(什么时候，何时） where=the place where(什么地方，何地） how=the way in which(如何，怎样） why=the reason why (为什么） 这些关系副词起双重作用，既是连接词，又做状 语，引导的从句在句中可以做主语，宾语，表语。 When we can begin the expedition is still a question.（主语从句） 我们何时才能开始这次考察仍悬而未决。 We didn’t know why she didn’t come. (宾语从句) 我们不知道她为什么没来。 The question is how we can get the loan. （表语从句）问题是我们怎么能弄到贷款。
课堂练习
1._______you don’t like him is none of my business.
2.________the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not Known yet.
3.It worried her a bit_______her hair was turning grey.
4._______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
5. _______caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ______we had done the day before．
7.They want to know ______ they can do to help us．
8. Do you know _______ his name is
9.I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village．
10.No one can be sure _______ man will look like in a million years．
11.You can't imagine ________ excited they were when they received these nice Christmas presents.
12.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s ________I got wet through.
13.________she couldn’t understand was________fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
14.Information has been put forward_______more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
15. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.
16. _________they have won the game made us excited.
17. ________I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. Whether...or/ or not
18. _______is certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
19. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
20. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree.
21. The road is covered with snow. I can't understand ______they insist on going by motor-bike.
22. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
23. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______ I’m talking to.
24. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’6s future.
25. After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
26. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
27 The Foreign Minister said, “_______our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
28. We cannot figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
29．It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today .
30．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need .
31.There’s a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO is not ever.
32. will be sent to work there is still unknown
33. Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s it takes to do anything well.
34. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady.
35. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
36. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.
37. It is generally considered unwise to give a child___________ he or she wants.
38. —Do you remember ______ he came
39. we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
40. _______we can't get seems better than we have.
41. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
42. －－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
－－Is that______ you had a few days off
43．It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
44．Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.
45．The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
46．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
47．A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ________ ships are built for.
48．I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.
49．________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
50．—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
51．________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.
52．If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
53.It doesn’t matter you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park.
54.It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.
55. The delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
56.Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but lit was probably around 1566.
57.modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases.
58.From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
59.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.
60.We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
61.I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
-By working out every years.
62.Everyone in the village is very friendly. I t doesn’t matter you have lived there for a short or a long time.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)
1.Above all, I wonder that it is convenient for you to inform me of the specific schedule in advance.
2. From that I understand, people are destroying thousands of square kilometers of trees
every day.
3.They set a good example to the young couples, showing that true love is.
4. I'm writing to ask that whether you are able to do me a favor.
5. We should be grateful to them in return for which they have done for us.
6. But the salesgirl didn't understand that the foreigner was saying.
7. In a word, you must have an idea of how a healthy diet should be and stick
to it.
8. My family are planning to make it at 8 o'clock this Saturday morning at the school gate. We are wondering that it is convenient to you.
9. It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.
10. In a large busy city, we do everything as quickly as possible, especially eating. That's because fast food is so popular.
11．That college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream to have well-paid jobs where they can live their lives to the fullest.
12．There is no doubt if English has become a universal language nowadays.
13．That you should learn is how to write down the most important words，not the whole sentence.Remember that you need information，not sentences.
14．I feel it a terrible thing which my mother should have to toil so endlessly.
15．The fact is what he didn't notice the car until too late.
16．Secondly，watching TV is a good way to kill our spare time.Finally，we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.
17．As time went on，I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.
18．Now I am writing to tell you that my city has done to reduce traffic jams in the last few years.
19．I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man.Beyond my expectations，the woman answered with a smile.
20．Fortunately，I had a mobile phone with me，so I called the police and told them that had been found.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)
1．That college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream to have well-paid jobs where they can live their lives to the fullest.
2．There is no doubt if English has become a universal language nowadays.
3．That you should learn is how to write down the most important words，not the whole sentence.Remember that you need information，not sentences.
4．I feel it a terrible thing which my mother should have to toil so endlessly.
5．The fact is what he didn't notice the car until too late.
6．Secondly，watching TV is a good way to kill our spare time.Finally，we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared. Kill time
7．As time went on，I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.
8．Now I am writing to tell you that my city has done to reduce traffic jams in the last few years.
9．I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man.Beyond my expectations，the woman answered with a smile.
10．Fortunately，I had a mobile phone with me，so I called the police and told them that had been found.
长难句理解：
1.A recent study showed that almost two thirds of parents believed that schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said that their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt that they didn’t understand it themselves well enough to explain.
The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever turning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged.
.Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
4.I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States, that in the case of long-term coma states, close family members should be allowed to take their loved one off life support machines.
As studies continue to prove Traditional Chinese Medicine’s worth, especially in helping patients with cancer and AIDS, it becomes more and more obvious that Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine complement each other.
6. He also dismissd concern in the media that parliament was slipping into the Thames, while the commission’s spokesman denied that the walls around the palace were suffering from a particularly bad sinking problem causing Big Ben to lean.
7.Two out of three people think that it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
8.They believe (that) their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
9.In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write.
10Nancy and her colleagues at that university found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gain on a standard test of attention.
11.What Winter knows of the 19 year old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (移植)．
12.Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented (发酵) would kill off the yeast (酵母菌) that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.
13.We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
14.Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive, especially when compared with the alternative, which is almost free, and it is astonishing that America’s desire for bottled water seems impossible to satisfy, reaching nearly 30 billion bottles a year.
名词性从句翻译
主语从句
1中国参加了世贸组织不仅是个巨大的挑战，而且是个很好的机遇。 (not only…but also)
地球上人口飞速增长是人类面临的重大问题之一。(face)
3一个人的成功与否主要取决于他多勤奋，而不是他多聪明。(depend on)
4.我是否买这件衬衣要看我口袋里有多少钱。(depend on)
5.运动会是否将被推迟到下周五仍然是个问题。(remain)
6他在会议上提出的建议是否会被接受还不得而知。(remain)
7．这幅古画怎样带到了日本是一个谜。(mystery)
8.他的话一点儿也没有使他妈妈感到麻烦。(bother)
9.我们在学校所学到的东西对我们的未来有很大的影响。(have an effect on)
10.科学家得到诺贝尔奖时想到的是荣誉而不只是一笔钱财。(award)
11.对我们来说，重要的不是输赢，而是参与。(matter)
12.失败并不可怕；可怕的是失败之后失去成功的信念。(lose hope)
13．人的一生中总是有很多机会，重要的是如何抓住这些机会。(catch)
14．父母的言行对孩子的成长会产生很大的影响。(have an effect on)
15．现在很多年轻人所缺乏的不是书本知识而是实践经验。(not…hut…)
宾语从句
1.考官脸上的笑容表明他对面试的结果相当满意。(indicate)
2.你必须承认所有的公民在法律面前一律平等。(equal)
3.众所周知，植树对保护环境至关重要。
4.研究表明，随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越关J0生活的质量。(concern)
5.这场事故表明，许多学生仍然未对新交通法规给予足够的重视。(show)
6.今天上午校长提醒我们，如果天气不好，学校运动会将延期举行。(remind)
7.我肯定他能信守诺言的。(sure)
8.猎人不知道是否射中了那只鸟。(whether … or not)
9.没有人知道鸡和蛋哪个先形成。(come into existence)
10.汤姆急于要弄清楚爸爸是否会遵守诺言给他买辆自行车。(make sure)
11.我不知道你是否注意了解放日报上那篇有关污染的文章。(notice)
12.有些科学家怀疑是否有第六感觉的存在。(there be)
13.对他的无知，她不知道是该哭还是该笑。(or)
14.如果你每天听广播，就能了解世界各地发生的事。(inform)
15.老师想知道什么东西还需要解释。(need)
16.不知道他为什么到现在还没来，他肯定是乘错了车了。(wonder)
17.许多家长开始明白了孩子们通过玩耍可以学到许多书本上学不到的东西。 (through play)
18.通过上星期的这个活动，学生们不但复习了学过的知识，还学会了如何相互合作。
(cooperate)
19.我真担心有一天计算机将会控制人们的生活。(control)
20.后来他渐渐明白了为什么他们的英语教师经常叫他们背诵课文。(come to)
21我实在不明白为什么我上星期天储存在电脑里的信息不见了。(store)
22.当他专心致志看书时，他对周围发生的事情全然不知。(concentrate)
23.我们两三天就完成了过去要花大约一个月才能做完的工作。(take，accomplish)
24.古时候，人们是用他们所有的物品去换他们所需要的东西，因为那时还没有流通货币。(trade … for …)
25.父母有时要他们的孩子做自己不会做的事情。(do)
26.你可以想象，当我得到盼望已久的小提琴时，我是多么激动。(imagine)
27.．越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。(be aware) (Ss00)
28．学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱，患难朋友才是真朋友。(realize) (Ss01)
29．应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。(apply) (S02)
30．你应该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。．(apologize) (S04)
31．我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。(believe) (S06)
32．物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) (Ss06)
表语从句
因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。(The reason why) (Ss04)
很可能我们的篮球队将成为篮球比赛的冠军。(The chances are that )
他英语学得糟糕的原因是因为他把注意力仅集中在语法上，而不是在交际上。(reason)
4．如果我们能不断完善自己，我们就有可能在今后的生活中获得成功。 (The chances are…)
5．他给我印象最深的是他是一个有能力的人。(impress)
6.我失望的事不是你考试不及格，而是你学习不努力。(disappoint)
7.使老师感到担忧的是，有些智力平平的学生对自己缺乏自信心。(average，lack)
8．他近视眼的原因是经常连续四五个小时不停地看书。(keep)
9．使我担心的是，这孩子除了电脑，似乎对什么都不感兴趣。(What makes me…)
10．他没有取得进步的原因是他总是避免难题，而不是努力去解决它们。(instead of)
林肯受到美国人民热爱的原因是他毕生致力于解放奴隶，统一国家。 (devote…to)
15．问题是我们至今还不知道会议什么时候开始。
16．报纸的第一页是我们了解当天最重要新闻的地方。(where)
17．那个国家经常卷入战争，这就是它极端贫穷的原因。(involve in)
18．我不理解的是他从哪里得到的消息。(understand)
19．造了这么多高层，松江已不再是十年前的松江。(with)
20．真正重要的不在于别人怎么看待你，而在于你自己怎么看待你自己。(matter)
表语从句。
听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时，人们欣喜若狂。(news that) (Ss03)
I. “fact'’
1．诺贝尔发了大财，但他发明的炸药杀死了许多人，为此他感到悲伤。(make a large fortune)
尽管在过去两个月里他的健康每况愈下，他仍然将其全部时间和精力投人对癌症的研究。(fail，devote)
你不能不顾当水手势必有很长时间不在家的这一事实。(ignore，involve)
他不得不面对他的眼睛已经被弄瞎的事实。(be blinded)
尽管他年老多病，他把全部时间都投入到新机器的发明中。(in spite of)
我担心，你将不得不面对这样一个事实，只有百分之六十的毕业生能进入高校。(face the fact)
没有人能否认台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分这个事实。(deny)
由于我丢了他的地址，我不知道到哪儿去找他。(Owing to)
9．我们必须考虑到大桥的建设将因洪水而受阻这一事实。(hold up)
10．虽然他深知抽烟有害健康，然而他对我们要他戒烟的忠告却一直置若罔闻。(a deaf ear)
11．越来越多的人开始认识到这样一个事实：暴力电视节目对儿童的成长有不良影响。 (realize)
12．我们迟早要面对这样一个现实，那就是我们总有一天要离开父母独立生活。
(independently)
II.“doubt”
1．毫无疑问，天然食品有益于健康。(good)
毫无疑问，在新鲜的空气里锻炼对健康有好处。(do good)
毫无疑问，环境对孩子的成长有很大的影响。(effect)
毫无疑问，政府将采取一切措施来防止这种疾病的蔓延。(take measures)
毫无疑他会在英语学习上取得更大进步。(doubt)
6．毫无疑问，这位士兵将因其勇敢而被授予一枚金质奖状。(award)
7．毫无疑问，我们应该通过勤奋而不是靠作弊来取得良好的学习成绩。(doubt)
8．毫无疑问，坐飞机比坐汽车安全。(doubt)
III．“news”
1．敌兵全部被赶出了国土的消息传到首都。(reach)
当总统被谋杀的消息传到邻国，那些国家的领导人感到非常震惊。(reach)
当我听到中国将主办2008年奥运会的消息，我高兴得跳了起来。(1earn the news)
有消息传到城里，说警察一直在设法搞清这个人死亡的奥秘。(clear up)
5．你有没有听到他实验成功的消息 (succeed)
6．有消息传来说，他因为在物理方面做出了重大发现，而被授予诺贝尔奖。(award)
7．有消息传到我国，那场上个月初发生的地震对那个新建的国家造成了大量的损失。
(result)
IV．其他
1．所有的迹象似乎都表明将要发生地震。(there be)
2．你相信“虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后”这句谚语吗 (believe in)
3．热胀冷缩的原理可以运用于造桥和修建公路方面。(apply)
4．新加坡政府实行“居者有其屋”的政策，而且非常成功。(carry out)
5．缺乏实践经验的大学毕业生不太可能马上找到高薪的工作。(1ittle chance)
6．你能领会“知识就是力量”这句名言的真正含义吗 (realize)
7．就我们是否应该鼓励人们养宠物的问题，专家们展开了争论。(whether)
8．这次意外事故使他学到了“乐极生悲”这个教训。(lead to)
9．她坚信儿子接受的教育将能使他成为有用的人。(belief)
10．千万勿忘这句古话：“早谁早起使人健康、富足、睿智。”(make)