必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters Discovering Useful Structures（定语从句）课件(47张ppt)

(共47张PPT)
The Attributive Clause
a beautiful girl
a lovely boy
a ball pen
Tom's pen
two boys
his name
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质或特征
the girl in red
the pen bought by her
the boy standing there
the boy to write this letter
当定语是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在修饰词的后面
而当定语不再是一个单词而是一个句子时我们需要使用定语从句
何时使用定从？
He is the man who you are looking for.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
定语从句
1. 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
2. 位置：置于被修饰词之后。
3. 先行词：被定从修饰的词（一般是名词、代词、数词）
This is the place which is worth visiting.
先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
There are many places we can visit them in China.
先行词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，
所以在从句中不能重复其意。
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关
系
代
词
关系
副词
指人
指物
who(主、宾、表)，whom(宾)，
that(主、宾、表), whose(定)
that(主、宾、表),which(主、宾)
whose(定)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
1. 先行词一般紧靠连接词
2. 当关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略
定语从句
The Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句
The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句
是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。
和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。
cc
秒杀是一个被中国网民使用的术语。
1. Miaosha is a term.
2. The term is used by Chinese netizens.
c
Miaosha is a term which / that is used by Chinese netizens.
写、找、换、连
写主干
写定语c
找相同（先行词）
换连词（看人/物）
连主从
主，指物
孙杨是一名获得里约奥运会200米自由泳金牌的运动员。
孙杨是一名运动员。
这名运动员获得里约奥运会200米自由泳金牌。
1. Sun Yang is a player / swimmer.
2. The swimmer won the gold medal of 200m freestyle in the Rio Olympic Games.
Sun Yang is a swimmer who won the gold medal of 200m freestyle in the Rio Olympic Games.
主，指人
傅园慧是一个具有洪荒之力的运动员。
傅园慧是一个运动员。
这个运动员具有洪荒之力。
1. Fu Yuanhui is a player.
2. The player has the prehistorical power.
Fu Yuanhui is a player who has the prehistorical power.
主，指人
这是一支为22班争光的队伍。
This is a team ______________________.
that wins glory for Class 22
刚才和静香讲话的那个男生是大雄。
The boy _____________________ is DX.
whom /that / who JX spoke to
to whom JX spoke
宾，指人
whom只作定从的宾语，当先行词为人且连词前有介词，只能用whom。
注意：whom, which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放其之前也可放在从句原来的位置上，但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。
这就是他一直在照顾着的人。
This is the person whom he is looking after.
宾，指人
哆啦A梦很怕老鼠，它最喜欢的食物是豆沙包。
Doraemon ________________________________
is afraid of mice.
whose favourite food is smashed bean bun
在定从中作定语，表所属关系，“···的”，既可指人也可指物。
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
1. the window of which
2. of which the window
语法讲解
定语从句（The Attributive Clause）
☆ 被定语从句限定的词是_______ ，引导定语从句的词叫做 ________ 或 _________。
☆ 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的 先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。
在复合句中，充当_______ 用的从句是定语从句
先行词
关系代词
关系副词
形容词
1. who指____,作_________（成分）
2. whom指____,作_________（成分）
3. which 指____，作_________（成分）
4. that 指_____，作_________（成分）
5. whose作_____（成分），表____关系，译为____________，用来代替 _____________ .
whose指人也指物，指物时 = ________
指人时 = ________
人
主、宾、表
人
宾
主、宾
主、宾、表
物
人、物
定语
所属
“他的/她的/它的”
his/her/their/its
of which
of whom
如何选用定语从句的关系词
1.首先分清主句和定语从句
2.确定定语从句的先行词
3.把先行词代回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）
4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。
口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物
后看从句里, 有无主宾语
Attention
只用that不用which的情况
只用who不用that的情况
只用which不用that的情况
Attention
只用that不用which的情况
I’ve never heard of the people and things
________ you talked about just now.
that
当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that。
That white flower is the only one ____ I like.
This is the very book ____ I want to find.
先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时，关系代词只用that。
(that)
(that)
Say all ________ you know.
Is there anything ______ I can do for you
I’ve read all the books _____ you gave me.
that
that
当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时，关系词只能用that。
that
This is the first play _____ I have seen since I came here.
This is the best novel _______ I have read.
that
that
当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that。
Who is the girl _______is standing under the tree
Which is the machine ____ we used last Sunday.
当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that。
that
that
He isn't the boy ____ he was.
that
当关系代词本身在定语从句中作表语时，只用that。
There is an office in the building _____ is still free.
主句为there be句型，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。
that
Attention
只用who不用that的情况
There is a pretty girl ____ wants to see you.
who
主句为there be句型，先行词为人时常用who引导定语从句。
Anyone ____ leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights.
who
先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one, anyone, nobody, anybody, none等
God help those ___ help themselves.
who
先行词为those或被those修饰时或当先行词是I, you, he, they等代词时（多用于谚语中），常用who引导定语从句。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader ____ studies very hard.
一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，其中一个定从的关系代词是that，另一个一般用who引导。
who
Attention
只用which不用that的情况
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from that library which was newly open.
一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词为物时，其中一个定从的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系代词就要用which引导。
This is the room in which he lives.
在定从中作介词的宾语且介词位于关系代词前，这时只能用which而不用that。
Tom came back, which made us very happy.
引导非限制性定语从句时，不用that。
区别 限制性定从 非限制性定从
形式 无逗号 有逗号分开
作用 修饰限制 补充说明
意思 不能省 去掉后影响不大
非限制性定语从句中的关系词
禁用that
关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略
He was late for class again, _____ made the teacher very angry.
A. what B. which C. as D. one
先行词是整个句子
含有插入语的定语从句
We went to Gezao Mountain yesterday,
_____, not surprisingly, was crowded with
visitors from all over the world.
A. where B. which C. that D. when
Do you know Tom, _____ we talked about
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词whom可以用who来代替；但在非限制性定语从句中，whom一般不用who替换。
Taiwan, which we know, belongs to China.
as
as的用法
as引导限制性定语从句
as引导非限制性定语从句
He is such a lazy man ___ nobody wants to work with.
He is such a lazy man ___ nobody wants to work with him.
A. as B. that C. who D. whom
A
B
I have the same magazine ___ you bought just now.
A. which B. like C. what D. as
They had such a fierce dog ___ no one dare to go near their house.
A. as B. that C. / D. which
as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前常有so, such, the same等词。
_____ is known to everybody, China is developing into a powerful country in the world.
A. It B. As C. That D. what
as,which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：1.位置：as句首，句中，句尾；which主句之后。
2. 含义：as 正如，像；which 那个/件
1) a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _______ were black with disease.
b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______ were black with disease.
2) a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of ______ there is a pair of glasses.
b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of ______ there is a pair of glasses
解题点拨 :
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。　　
them
whom
which
him
高考考点 — 易混句型
1.定语从句与并列句
1) a. It is in this room ______ I lived last year.
b. It is the room _______ I lived last year.
2) a. It was at seven o’clock ______ he went to school this morning.
b. It was seven o’clock _______ he went to school this morning.
解题点拨：
强调句型：It is/was + 被强调的成份 + that/who + 其它部分； 去掉It is /was...that/who...,句子照样成立；而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。
that
where
that
when
2.定语从句与强调句
1. Do you think such a place ____ you speak of is worth visiting
He promised to come to see me on purpose on Sunday, _____ I doubt very much.
There is a lake near our schoolyard, _____ depth is out of your expectation.
--Do you have anything in mind _____ you’d like for supper
-- Well, anything is ok for me.
5. The house in _______ he used to live has turned into a library.
as
which
whose
that
= the lake’s
which
6. Students in our school, most of _____ are from the south of China, enjoy rice very much.
7. ____ is often the case, teachers in our school usually return to school on Sunday evenings.
8. Which is the road _____ leads to the village
9. The newcomer is from Jiangxi, _____ I can tell from his accent.
whom
As
that
which
Correct the following sentences:
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory that your father once worked in
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
the one
^
^
to
4. I like the people and places which I visited in Zs.
____
that
5. Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
6. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory
____
as
that
___
7. This train is the last which will go to Bj.
8. All things can be done have been done.
∧
that
that
_____
9. Which you can see, the Chinese people are hard-working.
10. I'll never forget the day when I spent
with you.
11. We visit a village where has a long history.
that
As
that
12. Under the big tree are 22 students, many of them come from Class 22.
13. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.
14. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick.
whom
who
whose
15. The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that are seen from the moon.
16. Zootopia is one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.
is
have