Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
单元语法精析
现在进行时的被动语态
语法点拨
一、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构
肯定结构 be (am/is/are) being done
否定结构 be (am/is/are)＋not＋being done
一般疑问结构 be (am/is/are)＋主语＋being done
特殊疑问结构 疑问词＋be (am/is/are)＋主语＋being done
A new library is being built now.
一座新图书馆正在被修建。
Some disabled children are not being looked after well enough.
目前一些残疾儿童没有受到足够好的照顾。
Is the bridge being repaired now
现在那座桥在修吗？
What is being done on the new medicine
目前正在针对这种新药物做什么？
How many bridges are being built in the town
在这个镇里在建的桥有多少？
巧学妙记
主动语态变被动语态的原则
“三变”原则：
原主变为by短语，
原宾变为现主语；
谓语主动变被动
“三不变”原则：
原句意思不变；原句时态不变；
原句主谓宾以外成分不变。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The grammar which __is being learned__(learn) now is easy to master.
②Some animals __are being protected__(protect) well enough now.
③The sports meeting __is being held__(hold) in our school at present.
④(2018·天津高考)My washing machine __is being repaired__(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
二、现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法
1．表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与now，look等词连用。
She is being examined by the doctor now.
现在她正在被医生检查。
2．表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动动作在此时不一定正在发生。
The life of the panda is being studied at present.
现在正在研究大熊猫的生活习性。
3．表示按计划、安排主语将要承受某个动作。
Some rock music is being played by them next.
下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
4．表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always，forever，continually，constantly等词连用，往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦及埋怨等感彩。
Tom is always being praised by the teacher.
汤姆总是受到老师的表扬。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(江苏高考)Now similar concerns __are being raised__(raise) by the giants that deal in data, the oil of the digital age.
②Look! She __is being criticized__(criticize) by the teacher in the office.
③The milu deer __is/are being studied__(study) at the research centre these days.
④A man has been arrested and __is being questioned__(question) now.
三、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题
1．在现在进行时的被动语态中，be (am/is/are)为第一助动词，being为第二助动词，缺一不可，且位置不可互换。
My computer is being repaired now.
我的电脑现在正在被修理。(强调正在被进行)
2．像take care of，look after，talk about，think of等动词与介词构成的短语动词用于现在进行时的被动语态时，其中的介词不可省略。
Something is being talked about among those people.
那些人正谈论着某件事情。
3．“be (am/is/are)＋under/in＋n.”有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态。
The school is still under construction now.
＝The school is being built now.
学校现在正在建设中。
The new law is in use.
＝The new law is being used.
这项新法律正被使用。
4．有些动词进行时的主动形式就可以表示被动的意思，常见的这些动词有：print，cook，fry，bake，burn，hang等。
The house is burning.
房子着火了。
The meat is cooking.
正在煮肉。
5．有些表“状态、心理活动、情感”等的动词，常用一般现在时的被动语态表示“正在进行”。
You are wanted on the phone.
有人打电话找你。
MP3 is becoming more and more popular.In other words, it is loved by more and more people.
MP3越来越受欢迎，换句话说，它越来越受人们的喜爱。
即学即练
完成句子
①Our child __is being looked after__ by his teacher.
我们的孩子正由他的老师照顾着。
②The poor old man __is being taken good care of__ by the volunteer.
那位可怜的老人正由这名志愿者悉心照顾着。
③Jack, come here. You __are wanted__ on the phone.
杰克，过来，有人打电话找你。
④The city __is under attack(is being attacked)__ at the moment.
这个城市目前正在遭受袭击。
⑤The building __is under construction(is being constructed)__.
这座建筑正在建设之中。
专项练习
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house __is being rebuilt__(rebuild)．
2．Many interesting experiments __are being carried__(carry) out these days.
3．These children __are being looked__(look) after by an old man now.
4．Wait a minute. The dishes for the dinner __are cooking__(cook) in the kitchen.
5．He __is being punished__(punish) for his mistakes at the moment.
6．The sports meeting __is being held__(hold) in our school now.
7．So many things __are being done__(do) here to prevent air pollution.
8．A bridge __is being built__(build) in the distance and its construction __will be finished__(finish) in a year.
Ⅱ.把下面的句子改成被动语态
1．The government is making great efforts to improve the living conditions of people.
→Great efforts __are being made__ to improve the living conditions of people by the government.
2．The farmers are cutting down the jungles in this area so quickly that the wild animals may lose their homes in the near future.
→The jungles in this area __are being cut down__ by the farmers so quickly that the wild animals may lose their homes in the near future.
3．People are hunting too many animals these years in some places.
→Too many animals __are being hunted__ by people these years in some places.
4．The teacher is correcting the papers in her office.
→The papers __are being corrected__ by the teacher in her office.
5．Our headmaster is preparing a speech now.
→A speech __is being prepared__ by our headmaster now.
6．The family are building a new house over there.
→A new house __is being built__ by the family over there.
7．The doctors are operating on his left leg.
→His left leg __is being operated on__ by the doctors.
8．The farmers are harvesting crops in the field with their faces covered with sweat.
→The crops in the field __are being harvested__ by the farmers with their faces covered with sweat.
9．They are discussing whether they will go for a picnic tomorrow.
→Whether they will go for a picnic tomorrow __is being discussed__ by them.
10．The government is protecting the tigers in the newly－built reserve.
→The tigers __are being protected__ in the newly－built reserve by the government.
Ⅲ.语法主题应用
Dear Sir or Madam，
I’m writing to give some suggestions to protect the wildlife living in and around our city. As we know, many species of wildlife are in danger of extinction. This is because the environment that they are living in 1．__is being destroyed__(正在被毁坏) greatly.
With the development of cities, water and air 2．__are being seriously polluted__(正在被严重污染). Their living areas are becoming smaller and smaller. They not only have little to eat, but also 3．__are being hunted__(正在被猎杀) by human beings. These species of wildlife are important part of our life. Although measures 4．__are being taken__(正在被采取) to protect them from being hurt, much more is needed. Firstly, more laws must be made to stop people from cutting down trees. Secondly, more reserves should be set up so that they can live safely.
I hope my suggestions are helpful.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
PAGE
5Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking，Reading for Writing
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__deer__ n．鹿
2．__reduce__ vt.减少→__reduction__ n．减少；缩小；降低
3．__due__ adj.由于；因为
4．__insect__ n．昆虫
5．__net__ n．＝__Internet__； 网 adj.净得的；纯的
6．__neighbourhood__ n．临近的地方；街区→__neighbour__
n．邻居
7．__emotion__ n．感情；情感；情绪→__emotional__ adj.感情的； 情感的； 情绪的
8．__skin__ n．皮；皮肤
9．__unusual__ adj.特别的；不寻常的→__unusually__ adv.特别地；不寻常地→__usual__ adj.通常的；寻常的；惯常的→__usually__ adv.通常地；正常地；经常地
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．due __to__由于；因为
2．search __for__搜索；查找
3．stir __up__激起
4．be covered __with__由……覆盖；遮盖
5．be worried __about__对……担心
6．clear __up__清理；解决；(天气)转晴
7．care __for__喜欢；想要；照料；重视
8．put __out__把……摆好；预备好(物品)；扑灭(火)
9．__on__ the left在左边
10．pay attention __to__注意
11．such __as__诸如；例如
12．carry __out__履行；实施；执行；落实
13．__the__ number of……的数目
14．__for__ this reason因这个原因
15．__right__ now立刻；马上
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．__When it comes to__ wildlife protection，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally.
当涉及野生动物保护时，所有的物种——好的、坏的、丑陋的——都应该被平等对待。
2．Every tree that is cut down is a part of the habitat of animals __such as__ these koalas.
每一棵被砍伐的树都是考拉等动物的栖息地的一部分。
3．Is it right to make animals homeless __so that__ humans can have more paper
让动物无家可归，以此让人类有更多的纸，这样做对吗？
Ⅳ.课文预读
Reading for details
1．What’s the poster on the left mainly about？__A__
A．The protection of ugly animals.
B．The protection of good animals.
C．The protection of bad animals.
D．The protection of cute animals.
2．What’s the poster on the right mainly about？__D__
A．Cutting down trees.
B．Destroying animals’ homes.
C．The habitat of animals.
D．The less paper，the better.
3．What can we learn about dolphins in the poster on the left？__C__
A．They are ugly animals.
B．They are bad animals.
C．They are cute animals.
D．They are dangerous animals.
4．What is the writer’s opinion about wildlife protection according to the poster on the left？__D__
A．The good animals are more important than the bad ones.
B．The ugly animals are more important than the bad ones.
C．The ugly animals can make our planet more beautiful.
D．All kinds of animals should be equally protected.
5．Why should we use less paper according to the poster on the right？__B__
A．To plant trees for animals.
B．To protect the habitat of animals.
C．To make animals homeless.
D．To make friends with koalas.
课内要点探究
重 点 单 词
1．reduce vt.减少
典型例句
The number of the cars was reduced from 40 to 30．
汽车数量由40辆减少到30辆。
The number of the cars was reduced by 10%.
汽车数量减少了10%。
思维拓展
(1)reduce sth. to...(数量等)减少到……
reduce sth. by...(数量等)减少了……
rise/increase
reduce from...to...把……从……减少到……
(2)be reduced to n．/doing沦落为……；陷入某种状态
(3)reduction n．[C，U]减少；缩小
巧学妙记
reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase, rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样，后可接to...表示增减的结果，接by...表示增减的幅度。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①They were __reduced__(reduce) to extreme poverty.
②There has been some __reduction__(reduce) in unemployment.
③It took years of work __to reduce__(reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water.
完成句子
④By taking exercise every day, she __reduced__ her weight __from__ 65 kilos __to__ 50 kilos.
通过每天的体育锻炼，她把体重从65公斤减少到50公斤。
⑤The workforce has already __been reduced by__ half.
劳动力已经减少了一半。
⑥They __reduced__ the expenses __to__ 60 percent.
他们将开支压缩到60%。
⑦One of the most effective ways __to reduce stress__ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。
2．unusual adj.特别的；不寻常的
典型例句
It is unusual for you to catch a cold on hot days.
你在大热天感冒实在少见。
As a singer, he has an unusual voice.
作为一名歌手，他有着独特的嗓音。
思维拓展
(1)usual adj.平常的
as usual像往常一样
than usual比以往
usually adv.通常
(2)unusually adv.特别的；不寻常的
名师点津
(1)un－＋adj.表示“相反”的状态：
unsafe不安全的
unreal不真实的
unknown未知的
unpleasant使人不愉快的
unwilling不愿意的
uncomfortable不舒服的
unfair不公平的
unmarried未婚的
(2)un－＋v.表示“相反”的动作；
unbutton解开纽扣
untie解开
undress脱衣服
uncover揭开
unlock开锁
unfold展开
即学即练
完成句子
①__It is unusual__(……是不寻常的) for Jim to put forward several pieces of advice at the meeting.
②I hope you will back me up __as usual__(像往常一样)．
单句语法填空
③Zhang Ming has an __unusual__(usual) view of Chinese traditions because he was brought up in America.
④When he came across his close friend，he __unfolded__(fold) his arms and hugged him.
⑤She was unable, or__unwilling__(willing), to give me any further details.
3．due adj.由于；因为；到期的；预期的；应付的；应得的 n．应付款；应得之物
典型例句
She decided to take the test only one month before the due date in June.
她决定在六月份到期的日期前一个月参加考试。
The dictionary of the tenth edition is due to be published next month.
第十版词典按期下个月出版。
The match had to be cancelled due to the bad weather.
比赛因天气不好只得取消。
That book is due to me，but I haven’t got it yet.
那本书是应给我的，而我至今还未拿到。
思维拓展
be due to do sth.按期做某事
due to由于，因为
be due to sb.应付给某人；应归于某人
即学即练
根据语境写出黑体部分的词义
①Most of the problems were due to human error.__由于；因为__
②The little boy is due to start school in September.__预期的__
③The rent is due on the first day of each month.__到期的__
完成句子
④The plane __is due to take off__(预定起飞) at 8?00 from the airport.
⑤__Due to the foggy weather__(由于有雾), the traffic moved very slowly.
重 点 短 语
1．search for搜索；查找
典型例句
You should go home at once.Your parents were searching for you.
你应该立刻回家，因为你的父母在找你。
Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold.
科学家仍在寻求治疗感冒的方法。
思维拓展
search out寻找到；查出
search sp. for sb./sth.搜查某地寻找某人/某物
search sb. for sth.搜某人的身寻找某物
in search of寻找，寻求
in one’s search for寻找
误区警示
(1)search前有the，a或one’s等限定词时，后常接for；
(2)in search of中search前一般不带限定词；
(3)search作动词用时其宾语是指搜查的范围。
巧学妙记
Tom hurried into the room as if in search of something important. He searched the drawer for John’s telephone number. And then he began to search for his address again.
汤姆匆匆进入房间，好像在寻找重要的东西。他搜寻抽屉找约翰的电话号码，然后他又开始寻找他的地址。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①He searched the boy __for__ the lost pen.
②A team of hunters were sent __in__ search of the strange creature.
③Scientists are still searching __for__ a clue to the cold.
完成句子
④They started off at once __in search of__ the missing girl.
他们立即出发，寻找失踪的女孩。
⑤The police __searched__ her __for__ drugs.
警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。
⑥We have been __searching for__ the lost boy all over.
我们一直在到处找那失踪的男孩。
⑦He __searched out__ the book and gave it to me.
他找出那本书给了我。
⑧He __searched through__ his pockets __for__ a cigarette.
他把自己的口袋找遍了，想找到一根香烟。
2．pay attention to注意
典型例句
I hope you will pay attention to this problem.
希望你对此问题给予关注。
We should pay attention to protecting the animals which have nearly died out.
我们应该注意保护濒临灭绝的动物。
思维拓展
pay much attention to非常注意
pay more attention to更多关注
pay little/no attention to很少/不注意
attention的相关短语
catch/attract/draw/absorb sb.’s attention引起某人的注意
fix/focus one’s attention on...将注意力集中于……
devote one’s attention to专心致志于
即学即练
将下列句子改为被动语态的句子
①People have paid much attention to protecting the environment.
→Much attention __has been paid to protecting__ the environment.
语法填空
②The design of the building attracted __my__(I) attention.
③Enough attention should be paid __to__ the environmental problem and measures should be taken.
④It’s high time that we paid much attention to __protecting__(protect) our environment.
重 点 句 型
1．When it comes to wildlife protection，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally.
当涉及野生动物保护时，所有的物种——好的、坏的、丑陋的——都应该被平等对待。
(1)句式分析：本句是主从复合句。When it comes to wildlife protection是when引导的时间状语从句，后面是主句。
(2)when it comes to (doing) sth.意为：当谈及/涉及……；该句型中to为介词。
(2020·江苏卷)When it comes to in－person humor，effort counts a lot.
当谈到面对面的幽默时，努力很重要。
思维拓展
come up to达到(标准等)；比得上
come on赶快；加油
come about发生，产生
come across偶然碰见；偶然发现
come to共计；达到；苏醒
come over来访，拜访
come out出现；出版；开花；(真相)为人所知
come up with提出；想出
即学即练
单句语法填空
①When __it__ comes to maths, he is a little weak.
②She came __across__ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
③The argument came __about__ when they talked about politics.
④Since Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in 2012, his fans have been eagerly waiting for his more new novels to come __out__.
⑤Several of the students have come up __with__ suggestions of their own.
完成句子
⑥__When it comes to raising__(raise) children，different parents have different opinions.
当涉及养育孩子时，不同的家长有不同的观点。
2．Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper
让动物无家可归，以此让人类有更多的纸，这样做对吗？
(1)句式分析：本句是主从复合句。主句是Is it right to make animals homeless，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是to make animals homeless；后面是so that引导的目的状语从句。
(2)make animals homeless是make的复合宾语结构。
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构(即 make 复合结构)的常见形式有：
The smell of fried chicken makes the two boys hungry.
炸鸡的气味令那两个男孩感到很饿。
The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
发言人提高了嗓门以便别人听到他说的话。
She made her children wash their hands before eating.
她要孩子们在吃东西前洗手。
He has made it a rule to get up early.
他已养成了早起的习惯。
(3)so that 引导的是目的状语从句。so that＝in order that 意思是“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句时，从句中要有情态动词can，could，may，might，will，would等。如果主句主语与从句主语一致，也可以改成so as to do/in order to do作目的状语。
I will give you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself.
我会给你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。
He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him.
他大声说话，以便大家都能听见他。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The teacher couldn’t make himself __paid__(pay) attention to because his teaching manner was unattractive.
②They were made __to work__(work) for long hours.
③He didn’t plan his time well，__so__ that he didn’t finish the work in time.
完成句子
他早早起床以便能准时到达学校。
④He got up early __in order that/so that__ he could get to school on time.
⑤He got up early __in order to/so as to__ get to school on time.
⑥__In order to__ get to school on time, he got up early.
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With great effort, she has reduced her weight __by__ five kilograms in the past 30 days.
2．It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed __to__ forty kilometres an hour.
3．He was an __unusual__(usual) man with great business talents.
4．When it comes to __picking__(pick) up awards，they lead the field by miles.
5．The restaurant’s success was largely due __to__ its new manager.
6．Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search __for__ survivors in an earthquake.
7．To carry __out__ this project, you can turn to your teacher for help.
8．He was so careless that he left an important thing __behind__ at home.
9．He is conducting an research, and you can help him __out__.
10．Before a party, he put __out__ the fruit and snacks that are needed.
Ⅱ.选词填空
cut down， due to， pay attention to， in search of， when it comes to， put out
1．The air was full of horrible smells hours after the fire was __put out__ in the afternoon.
2．Experts think the amount of homework for the students should be __cut down__. Besides, teachers should encourage their students to make good use of their spare time.
3．__When it comes to__ sports, he is familiar with Yao Ming.
4．Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless __due to__ their wrong investment.
5．He has gone to a big city __in search of__ a better job.
6．You should __pay attention to__ the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．__Due to the bad weather__，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(due to)
2．We hope all these measures will be effective __so that we could live in a beautiful and harmonious society__.
我们希望这些措施有效，以便于我们能够生活在一个美丽和谐的社会中。(so that)
3．__When it comes to repairing computers__， I know nothing.
当谈及修理电脑时，我一无所知。(When it comes to)
4．①The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands __in search of__ any survivor in the earthquake.
②The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands __in their search for__ any survivor in the earthquake.
③The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands __to search for__ any survivor in the earthquake.
救援人员徒手移开砖块和石头，搜寻地震中的幸存者。(search)
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence 1．__that__ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2．__poorly__(poor)studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20, 000－25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 3．__of/for__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s, and are expensive 4．__to perform__(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5．__have reported__(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 6．__belief__(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7．__noting__(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 8．__higher__(high) than they actually are. Of 9．__the__ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10．__are__(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、急须保护的现状。
解析：
1．考查同位语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故填that引导。
2．考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。修饰动词studied应填形容词poor的副词形式poorly。
3．考查介词。 a method of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。故填of/for。
4．考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填to perform。
5．考查时态。根据句中的时间状语in recent years可判断用现在完成时。故填have reported。
6．考查词性转换(动词变名词)。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填believe的名词形式belief(看法，信念)。故填noting。
7．考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth.通过做某事回应。故填noting。
8．考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应填high的比较级形式higher。
9．考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故填定冠词the。
10．考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代six polar bear subpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。故填are。
PAGE
12Section Ⅳ 写作指导
写作方法指导
写一则有关动物保护的海报
写作储备
阅读教材P21，提炼有关海报写作的注意事项。
Ⅰ.海报的格式及语言特点
1．鲜明的题目；
2．富有震撼力的图片；
3．思路明确的正文；
4．引人深思的结尾。
Ⅱ.动物保护类海报的架构
Ⅲ.此类海报的常用词汇
1．wildlife n．野生动植物
2．hunt v．& n．猎杀；捕猎
3．decrease v．& n．减少
4．reserve n．保护区
5．distribute v．分布
6．endangered adj.濒危的
7．species n．种类；种群；物种
8．protect v．保护
9．loss n．丧失；损失
10．disappear v．消失
11．existence n．存在
12．habitat n．栖息地
13．in harmony with...与……和谐相处
14．reduction n．减少
15．die out灭绝
Ⅳ.此类海报的常用句型
1．It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.
这表明保护野生动植物的重要性，但我想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
2．It’s difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild.
大熊猫很难在野外生存。
3．If people keep cutting down the forests, the wild animals will have nowhere to live.
如果人们继续砍伐森林，野生动物将无处安身。
4．I wonder if laws will be made to punish those who injure or even kill animals more severely.
我想知道是否能制定一些法律来严惩那些伤害甚至杀死动物的人。
5．Elephants would be in danger of dying out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
如果再允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，大象就会有灭绝的危险。
6．With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone more pandas and save the endangered species.
由于世界上仅存约1 000只大熊猫，中国正全力试图克隆更多的大熊猫以拯救此濒危物种。
7．The number of plants and animals on the earth is becoming smaller and smaller.
地球上的植物和动物的数量正变得越来越少。
8．Air and water are being polluted so that the environment in which animals live is destroyed.
空气和水正受到污染，以至于动物生存的环境被破坏。
典例剖析
小组合作，并根据下面的提示制作一篇关于保护华南虎的海报。
South China Tiger
Why is it endangered Hunted for its skin and fur.
Population：0 in the wild; 30—80 still living
What is being done A plan is being carried out to increase the number of wild tigers.
What can we do Do not buy fur or other tiger products!
注意：词数80左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.定框架→好的开始，成功的一半
体裁 海报
人称 第一人称或第三人称
时态 一般现在时为主
框架 标题；主体段落：第一层介绍濒危动物名称、现状及其原因；第二层以引起读者深思来结尾
Ⅱ.定要点、关键词及动词时态→打造一篇要点全面、用词准确得体、时态多样的极优作文
要点一：给我机会，我会让地球更多彩。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
__Give me a chance and I will make the earth more colorful.__
要点二：我的名字是华南虎。(主系表结构)
__My name is South China Tiger.__
要点三：我正在被猎杀是因为皮毛。(现在进行时的被动语态)
__I am being hunted for my skin and fur.__
要点四：我的家庭仅剩30到80只。(the population of)
__The population of my family is only 30—80．__
要点五：它们在人类的帮助下都生活在保护区里。(with the help of)
__All of them live in the reserve with the help of human beings.__
要点六：任何老虎都不敢在野外生存。(dare to do)
__No one dares to live in the wild.__
要点七：幸运的是，我知道我的朋友们正在执行一项计划来增加野外老虎的数量。(carry out a plan)
__Fortunately, I know my friends are carrying out a plan to increase the number of wild tigers.__
要点八：禁止购买老虎皮毛及其他虎制品将对我们的家族有很大益处。(be very beneficial to)
__Forbidding buying skin and fur or other tiger products will be very beneficial to all of my family.__
Ⅲ.词汇、句式升级→创造极优作文的倩词靓句
升级句式一：用非限制性定语从句合并要点四和五
__The population of my family is only 30—80, all of whom live in the reserve with the help of human beings.__
升级句式二：在要点七中“我的朋友们”后加入同位语“人类”
__Fortunately, I know my friends, human beings, are carrying out a plan to increase the number of wild tigers.__
升级句式三：用“be＋of＋抽象名词”改写要点八中“有益的”
__Forbidding buying skin and fur or other tiger products will be of great benefit to all of my family.__
Ⅳ.组建极优作文→水到渠成的成就感：动力的源泉
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参考范文：
Give me a chance and I will
make the earth more colorful
My name is South China Tiger. I am being hunted for my skin and fur. The population of my family is only 30—80, all of whom live in the reserve with the help of human beings. No one dares to live in the wild. Fortunately, I know my friends, human beings, are carrying out a plan to increase the number of wild tigers. Forbidding buying skin and fur or other tiger products will be of great benefit to all of my family.
即学即练
小组合作，并根据下面的提示制作一篇关于保护北极熊的海报。
Polar Bear
Population：about 20,000
Home：mainly living in the Arctic Ocean
Why in danger？People are cutting down forests, so the environment gets warmer and warmer. The ice of the Arctic Ocean melts, so the polar bear loses their home.
注意：词数80左右。
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________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Give me my home back
I am a polar bear from the Arctic Ocean, and I am dying for a cold home. With many forests cut down, the environment gets warmer and warmer. As a result, the ice of the Arctic Ocean melts quickly. We are losing our home. The population of my family has reduced to 20,000． Saving the wildlife is saving the earth.
PAGE
4UNIT 2 WILDLIFE PROTECTION
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
Killer Whales
You are about to be introduced to the world’s biggest family! Killer whales are social whales that live in groups called pods①. A pod can include 40 whales, with each member being able to grow as big as a school bus. Imagine going out for a swim and seeing 40 buses swimming towards you，that’s what it would be like to meet a pod of killer whales!
Killer whales can grow to 23 to 32 feet in length② and reach a weight of up to 6 tons. They are easy to identify③ due to④ their black and white markings and the large dorsal fin⑤ on their back. Killer whales must have smiles because their teeth can grow to four inches in length.
Killer whales use their big teeth to help themselves capture⑥ prey⑦，but don’t worry！Even though they’re called killer whales, people are not typically⑧ attacked by these whales. Killer whales eat squid⑨，octopuses⑩，sharks, and all types of fishes. They can even grab dinner off the shore if a seal or a bird gets too close to the water’s edge.
①pod n．一小群
②length n．长度，时间的长短
③identify vt.确定；鉴定
④due to由于
⑤dorsal fin n．背鳍
⑥capture vt.俘获；夺得；捕捉
⑦prey n．猎物
⑧typically adv.典型地；有代表性地
⑨squid n．乌贼；鱿鱼
⑩octopus n．章鱼
grab vt.攫取；霸占
seal n．海豹
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__poster__ n．海报
2．__illegal__ adj.不合法的；非法的→__illegally__ adv.不合法地；非法地→__legal__ adj.合法的；法律的→__legally__adv.合法地；在法律上
3．__hunt__ vt.& vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕→__hunter__ n．猎人
4．__immediately__ adv.立刻→__immediate__ adj.立即的；即刻的→__immediately__ conj.一……就……
5．__species__ n．物种
6．__shark__ n．鲨鱼
7．__alarming__ adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的→__alarm__ vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n．恐慌；警报；警报器
8．__rate__ n．速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级→__rating__ n．等级；级别
9．__extinct__ adj.已灭绝的→__extinction__ n．灭绝
10．__mass__ adj.大量的；广泛的 n．大量；堆；群
11．__habitat__ n．(动植物的)生活环境；栖息地→__habitation__ n．居住；住处；住所；聚居地
12．__aware__ adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的→__awareness__ n．意识；认识；感悟能力
13．__average__ n．平均数；平均水平 adj.平均的；正常的；普通的
14．__concern__ vt.涉及；让……担忧→__concerned__ adj.担心的；关切的→__concerning__ prep.关于；就……而言
15．__living__ adj.居住的；活的；在用的 n．生活；生计→__live__ v．住；居住；生存；活着 adj.活的；现场直播的；实况转播的；现场演出的→__alive__ adj.活着的； 在世的
16．__adapt__ vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合→__adaptable__
adj.能适应的；可修改的→__adaptation__ n．适应；改编；改写本
17．__measure__ n．措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量→__measurement__ n．测量；度量；(某物的)尺寸，长度，数量
18．__authority__ n．官方；当权；权威
19．__pressure__ n．压力；要求→ __press__ vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻
20．__whale__ n．鲸
21．__reserve__ n．(动植物)保护区；储藏(量) vt.预订；预留；保留
22．__plain__ n．平原 adj.简单明了的；直率的；平凡的→__plainly__ adv.清晰地；明显地；简朴地
23．__observe__ vt.观察(到)；注视；遵守→__observer__ n．观察者→__observation__ n．观察；监视→__observatory__ n．观察台
24．__beauty__ n．美；美人；美好的东西→__beautiful__ adj.美丽的；漂亮的→__beautifully__ adv.美丽地；漂亮地
25．__remind__ vt.提醒；使想起→__reminder__ n．引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物；
26．__shoot__ vt.& vi.射杀；射伤；发射→__shot__ n．射击；枪声→__shooting__ n．摄影
27．__profit__ n．利润；利益
28．__attack__ n．，vi.& vt.攻击；抨击
29．__effective__ adj.有效的；生效的→__effect__ n．效应；影响；结果
30．__recover__ vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回→__recovery__ n．恢复，复原；复得
31．__remove__ vt.去除；移开；脱去→__removal__ n．移植；解除；搬迁；免职
32．__intend__ vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要→__intention__ n．打算；目的；意图→__intentional__ adj.故意的
33．__threat__ n．威胁→__threaten__ vt.威胁；危及
34．__exist__ vi.存在；生存→__existence__ n．存在→__existing__ adj.现存的；存在的
35．__harmony__ n．和谐；融洽→__harmonious__ adj.融洽的；和谐的
36．__goods__ n．商品；货物
37．__creature__ n．生物；动物
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．__on__ earth(放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
2．die __out__灭亡；逐渐消失
3．aware __of__意识到；知道
4．__make__ progress取得进步
5．__on__ average平均
6．be concerned __about__对……关切的；为……担忧的
7．adapt __to__适应
8．__under__ pressure在压力下；承受压力
9．make __out__看清；听清；分清
10．remind sb. __of__ sb./sth. 使某人想起(类似的人或物)
11．watch __over__保护；照管；监督
12．day __and__ night日日夜夜；夜以继日
13．__in__ danger of...处于……危险中
14．__take__ measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
15．__in__ front of...在……的前面
16．try to __do__ sth.设法做某事
17．more __than__超过；多于
18．in harmony __with__与……协调/和谐
19．as __long__ as只要
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．__This is why__ we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
2．__Watching__ them move slowly across the green grass，I’m struck by their beauty.
看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。
3．Their habitats were becoming smaller __as__ new roads and railways were built.
随着新的公路和铁路的修建，它们的栖息地变得越来越小。
4．The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，__since__ the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
5．Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature __can we__ stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
Ⅳ.课文预读
一、Reading for the main idea
1．The text mainly tells us __C__.
A．the danger Tibetan antelopes are in
B．what national protection means
C．what human beings do for wildlife animals
D．the measures the government takes
2．Find out the main idea of each part.
Para.1 A．We must change our way of life.
Paras.2～3 B．We’re here to observe Tibetan antelopes.
Para.4 C．The danger Tibetan antelopes are in.
Paras.5～6 D．The government took effective measures.
Para.7 E．Tibetan antelopes had a hard time.
答案：Paras 1－7 BCEDA
二、Reading for the details
1．Why did the author come to Tibet？__C__
A．To enjoy the beautiful scenery.
B．To save the endangered antelopes.
C．To observe Tibetan antelopes.
D．To do a scientific research.
2．Why did the population of antelopes drop so badly in the 1980s and 1990s？__D__
A．Because of the extreme climate.
B．Because of a serious disease.
C．Because of being hit by cars and trains.
D．Because of being hunted and the loss of their habitats.
3．What was done to protect the Tibetan antelopes？__B__
A．Moving them to a national zoo.
B．Watching over them and adding some bridges and gates.
C．Establishing a research centre to study them.
D．Limiting the number of tourists to the plain.
4．Why will the protection programmes of the antelope continue？__C__
A．Because its population is still decreasing.
B．Because they are still endangered animals.
C．Because the threat to them has still existed.
D．Because the former measures didn’t work well.
5．How can we do to save the planet according to the author __D__
A．To develop economy.
B．To improve education.
C．To study the planet.
D．To live in harmony with nature.
三、Reading for the structure
本文主要讲述了我们人类该为野生动物做点什么。本文一开始通过举例引出西藏羌塘羚羊的良好现状，然后回忆了过去人们对羚羊的捕杀，经过政府的干预，羚羊的数目已经恢复，但它们仍然面临着威胁。文章是以“总—分—总”结构来行文的。
明线 暗线 行文结构
第一部分(Para.1) We can make out a herd of 1．__graceful__ Tibetan antelopes. pleased 总
第二部分(Paras.2～6) I’m reminded of the 2．__danger__ they are in. concerned 分
The measures are 3．forted
第三部分(Para.7) I think about the antelopes. responsible 总
课内要点探究
重 点 单 词
1．hunt vt.& vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕
典型例句
Weather permitting, we’ll go hunting this Sunday morning.
如果天气允许，我们这个星期日上午要去打猎。
As far as I know, she is still hunting for a new job.
据我所知，她还在寻找新工作。
思维拓展
(1)go hunting去打猎
hunt for (＝search for)搜索； 追寻；寻找
hunt sp. for...为寻找……搜索某地
(2)hunter n．猎人
即学即练
单句语法填空
①They have planned to go __hunting__(hunt) in that mountain area.
②I’ve hunted every possible place __for__ my watch, but I can’t find it.
③The hunter __was hunting__(hunt) for his prey when he was lost.
2．alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n．恐慌；警报；警报器
典型例句
I don’t want to alarm you, but there’s a strange man.
我不想吓着你，不过有个生人。
Environmentalists are alarmed by the dramatic increase in pollution.
污染的急剧加重令环保主义者害怕。
He jumped up in alarm.
他惊恐地跳了起来。
He decided to sound the alarm.
他决定发出警报。
思维拓展
(1)be alarmed by/at sth. 因某事而惊恐/害怕
be alarmed to do sth.担心害怕做某事
(2)in alarm 惊恐地(常作方式状语)
raise/sound the alarm 发出警报
(3)alarming adj.惊人的；使人害怕的
巧学妙记
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__Alarmed__(alarm) by the sharp fall of the stock market, thousands and thousands of stockholders sold out their stock at a sacrifice.
②Everybody was alarmed __at/by__ the news that war might break out.
③On seeing the snake, he ran away __in__ alarm.
完成句子
④I __am rather alarmed to hear__ you are planning to leave the company.
听说你打算离开公司，我很担心。
3．rate n．速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级
典型例句
The death rate of babies is falling.
婴儿的死亡率正在下降。
The car is running at a steady rate.
汽车正在以稳定的速度行驶。
The schools were rated according to their exam results.
这些学校是按考试成绩排名次的。
思维拓展
(1)at a rate of...以……的速度，以……的比率
the birth/death rate出生率/死亡率
at a steady rate以平稳的速度
(2)rating n．等级；级别
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The wild animals are dying out __at__ a fast rate.
完成句子
②So far the spacecraft has been travelling __at a steady rate__.
到目前为止飞船一直在以平稳的速度飞行。
4．aware adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的
典型例句
Most people are aware of the dangers of drunk driving.
大多数人知道酒后开车的危险。
As a member of society, I’m aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
作为社会的一员，我意识到有责任感是建设更好社会所需要的。
思维拓展
(1)be/become aware of...对……知道、明白；意识到
be aware that/wh－clause察觉到；意识到
as far as I’m aware据我所知
(2)awareness n．意识，明白
develop an awareness of...逐渐懂得……
lack of awareness缺乏认识
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The meeting aimed at strengthening safety __awareness__(aware) of employees.
②It was several minutes before I was aware __of__ what was happening.
③Tony seemed very shallow and he didn’t become aware __that__ there were many potential dangers.
完成句子
④Everybody __is aware of__ the seriousness of pollution.
每个人都意识到污染的严重性。
⑤On the other hand, people __lack the awareness of__ protecting the environment.
另一方面，人们缺乏环保意识。
5．average n．平均数；平均水平 adj.平均的；正常的；普通的
典型例句
On average each report requires 1 000 hours to prepare.
准备一份报告平均需要1 000小时。
Rainfall has been below average.
降雨量低于平均水平。
His average income is ten pounds a week.
他的平均收入为一星期十英镑。
思维拓展
an average of平均有(后跟数词)
on (the/an) average平均地；在一般情况下
above/below (the) average高于/低于平均数/水平
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The temperature here in summer is twenty centigrade __on__ average.
②Tom is a top student, and he is __above__ the average in his reading ability.
③__On__ average, these firms remain the most productive in the world.
④Though he works hard, his marks are still __below__ average.
⑤Do you know that we spend __an__ average of six hours a day communicating
6．concern vt.涉及；让……担忧
典型例句
She concerns herself about her son’s future.(＝She is concerned about her son’s future.)
她为儿子的将来担心。
Everyone concerned with this matter has been identified.
与这件事有牵连的人都已查明。
As far as I’m concerned, I think sports are good for you.
就我来说，我认为体育运动对你有好处。
思维拓展
(1)concern oneself about...关心……
concern oneself in...介入/卷入……
(2)concern n．关心；担心；与……相关
with concern关切地
show/express one’s concern about/for...对……表示关心/担心
(3)concerned adj.关切的；担心的
be concerned about/for...关心……
be concerned with...与……有关
as/so far as...be concerned就……而言
(4)concerning prep.关于
误区警示
concerning介词，意为“有关；关于”；concerned形容词，意为“有关的，相关的”，常作后置定语。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①As far as I’m __concerned__(concern), the idea is crazy.
②In fact, John has never been __concerned__(concern) about what others think of him.
③My teacher is looking at me __with__ concern.
④Several parents showed their great concern __about__ their children’s safety at school.
⑤The meeting was concerned __with__ the system reforms and everyone present was concerned __about__ their own interests.
⑥What __concerns__(concern) me is our lack of preparation for the change.
7．adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合；改编
典型例句
She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.
她很快适应了这种新气候。
It’s hard to adapt this novel for the film.
要将这小说改编为电影很困难。
思维拓展
(1)adapt oneself to...使适应或习惯于……
adapt sth. to...使某事物适应或适合……
adapt from...根据……改写/改编
be adapted for...为……而改写/改编
(2)adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的
adaptation n．改编；改造；改写
误区警示
adapt和adopt词形相近，但adopt意为“收养，采纳”，注意拼写不同。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__Adapted__(adapt) from J．K.Rowling’s book series of the same title, the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
②As far as I am concerned, the TV play __is adapted__(adapt) from a true story.
③It took him a while to adapt __himself__(him) to his new surroundings.
④Three of her novels have been adapted __for__ television.
完成句子
⑤To all of you, fresh students, __how to adapt yourself to__ the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.
对于你们所有的新生来说，如何使自己适应新环境是你们不得不面对的第一件事。
8．measure n．措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量
典型例句
He measured the length of the room.
他量了房间的长度。
We should take some measures to help the poor.
我们应该采取一些措施来帮助穷人。
思维拓展
(1)be measured by/in...用……来衡量
(2)make ...to one’s measure按某人的尺寸做……
take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某事)
误区警示
measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时，是系动词，后跟测量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态。
A tree measuring 30 meters was cut down.
一棵高达30米的树被砍倒了。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The government has taken __measures__(measure) to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
②It’s generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t __be measured__(measure) only by examination results.
③After the typhoon, people found some tall trees, __measuring__(measure) more than 10 meters, lying on the ground.
④Measures must be taken __to meet__(meet) the situation.
9．pressure n．压力；要求
典型例句
The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop the bleeding.
护士压住他的胳膊止血。
Can you work under pressure
你能在压力下工作吗？
思维拓展
(1)under pressure在压力下；承受压力(pressure前无任何冠词)
under the pressure of...在……的压力下
put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力
blood pressure血压
(2)press v．按，压
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__Under__ pressure, they had to make their own living.
②Extra lessons on Sundays put more pressure __on__ students, who already have piles of homework to do.
③He had to give up the work he loved deeply __under__ the pressure of his parents.
④The __pressure__(press) of being a doctor causes me stress.
10．reserve n．(动植物)保护区；储藏(量) vt.预订；预留；保留
典型例句
There are a lot of nature reserves in this vast area.
在这个广大的地区有许多自然保护区。
The city’s reserve of water is low.
该市的贮水量不大。
I’d like to reserve a table for three for eight o’clock.
我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
He still reserved his opinions on some points.
在一些问题上，他仍然保留自己的意见。
These seats are reserved for special guests.
这些座位是留给贵宾的。
思维拓展
(1)reserve sth. for sb.为某人预订某物
reserve one’s opinion/judgement保留自己的意见
a nature reserve自然保护区
(2)reservation n．保留；预定
make a reservation预订
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The seats __reserved__(reserve) for children and seniors are right at the front of the buses.
②We must reserve some of this corn __for__ next year’s seed.
③China supplies more that 90 percent of the world’s rare earth metals, but its __reserves__(reserve) only make up about one－third of the world’s total.
完成句子
④A double room with a balcony overlooking the sea had __been reserved for__ him.
特地为他预留了一间带阳台的海景双人房。
11．observe vt.观察(到)；注视；遵守；庆祝
典型例句
I felt he was observing everything I did.
我觉得他正观察我做的每一件事。
The police observed that the driver did not observe the traffic rules.
警察注意到那个司机没有遵守交通规则。
Earth Day was first observed in the US in the spring of 1970．
人们第一次庆祝“地球日”是于1970年春天在美国。
一词多义observe
思维拓展
(1)observe sb.观察到某人
(2)observation n．[C，U]观察；观测
observer n．[C]观察者；观测者
误区警示
observe sb. do sth.变为被动语态时，需将do前省略的不定式符号to补上，即sb. be observed to do sth.。
易混辨析
observe, watch, notice, see与look
observe强调“留心观察”。
watch表示“观看，欣赏”或“监视”，一般被看的对象应处于运动状态。
notice表示“偶然看到”，其内涵是“看到对象后要做出反应”。如：看到熟人常常打个招呼，看到一件事后在脑中进行判断。
see表示“看到，看见；发觉，发现”，侧重于结果，它不用于祈使句。
look主要表示“看”的动作，不表示结果。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed the sun __rising__(rise) from the sea.
②Last night Bruce was observed __to leave__(leave) the building with two young men and take a taxi away.
③__Observation__(observe) is an important scientific researching method.
④Tom was observed __to steal__(steal) from the shop.
12．remind vt.提醒；使想起
典型例句
That song always reminds me of our first date.
那首歌总使我回忆起我们的第一次约会。
What you’ve just said reminds me that I must get some cash.
你刚才的话提醒了我，我得带上一些现金。
Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.
请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。
思维拓展
(1)remind sb. of...使某人想起……
remind sb. to do...提醒某人做……
remind sb. that/wh－从句 提醒某人……
(2)reminder n．提醒物
误区警示
使某人想起某事remind sb. sth.(×)remind sb. of sth.(√)
cure sb. of sth.治愈某人……(病)
rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱某事
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me __of__ the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”．
②Passengers __are reminded__(remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.
③We put up a board to remind people __to protect__(protect) the trees.
④My mother reminded me __to turn__(turn) off the lights when I went out.
⑤(2019·北京高考)However, her dad reminded her __that__ sugary treats were bad for her teeth.
完成句子
⑥Thank you for __reminding me of__ the time of the meeting, or I would have been late.
谢谢你提醒我会议的时间，不然我就迟到了。
⑦The young man__robbed her of her bag__.
那个年轻男子抢夺了她的手提包。
13．shoot vt.& vi.射杀；射伤；发射
典型例句
Three robbers were shot dead.
三个抢劫者被射死了。
The murderer was shot in the back while trying to escape.
凶手试图逃跑时背部中枪。
思维拓展
(1)shoot at...向……射击(表示动作，不一定射中)
shoot sb. dead开枪打死某人
shoot sb. in the head/back/leg射中某人的头部/背部/腿部
(2)shot n．射击；枪炮声
巧学妙记
shoot/shoot at
The fox ran away before the hunter shot it.
猎人没有射中那只狐狸，它跑了。
The new soldier shot at the target，but missed it again.
新兵瞄准靶子射击，但又没有射中。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Five young men were arrested yesterday because they had __shot__(shoot) seven endangered animals.
②The hunter was about __to shoot__(shoot) at the bird when he heard a scream.
③The criminal intended to escape but __was shot__(shoot) in the leg and was caught by the police soon.
④The murderer shot the man in __the__ back and stole the diamond from his suitcase.
14．attack n．，vi.& vt.攻击；抨击
典型例句
At dawn the army attacked the town.
军队在拂晓时向这座城镇发动了进攻。
He got a serious heart attack.
他得了严重的心脏病。
思维拓展
(1)make an attack on/upon...对……发动进攻
heart attack 心脏病发作
under attack 遭受攻击
(2)attack sb. with sth. 用某物攻击/袭击某人
attack sb. for (doing) sth. 因做某事打击/责难某人
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The killer insisted that she was defending herself when __attacked__(attack)．
②The enemy made an attack __on__ the small town last night.
15．recover vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回
典型例句
She has recovered from the operation.
她动了手术，且已经恢复了。
The police recovered the stolen jewellery.
警察找回了被盗的珠宝。
思维拓展
recover from...从……中恢复过来
recover oneself 静下心来
recovery n. 恢复；痊愈；回升；取回
即学即练
单句语法填空
①She recovered __from__ her surprise, and answered calmly.
②He’s in hospital, __recovering__(recover) from a heart attack.
③About some minutes later, the girl recovered __herself__(her)．
④To his parents’ relief, the boy made a quick __recovery__(recover) after the operation.
完成句子
⑤The boy is gradually __recovering from__ his heart operation.
心脏手术后，这个男孩渐渐地痊愈了。
⑥He seemed upset but quickly __recovered himself__.
他显得心烦意乱，但很快就静下心来了。
⑦He lost his suitcase, but he __recovered it__ at the railway station.
他的手提箱丢了，但是又从火车站找到了。
16．remove vt.去除；移开；脱去
典型例句
The books may not be removed from the library.
这些书不能带出图书馆。
Only after he removed his dark glasses did I recognize him.
他摘掉墨镜后我才认出他来。
思维拓展
remove sth. from sp.把某物从某地搬走(移开)
remove sb. from sth.把某人从……职位免职
remove from...to...从……搬到……
remove sb. from school勒令某人退学
remove one’s doubt/trouble消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
remove the mud from your shoes把鞋上的泥除掉
即学即练
单句语法填空
①When fat and salt __are removed__(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
②You’d better have the old furniture __removed__(remove)．
③You look so worried. You must remove yourself __from__ pressure.
④Once formed, the bad habits are hard __to remove__(remove)．
17．intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要
典型例句
I intend to come/coming back soon.
我打算很快就回来。
The book is intended for children aged 8－12．
这本书是专为8到12岁的儿童写的。
I intended to have given him a hand, but I was too busy then.
我本打算帮他，但是我那时太忙了。
思维拓展
(1)intend sb. to do sth.打算让某人做某事
intend打算做某事
本来打算做某事
(2)be intended
(3)intention n．打算
with an/the intention of...抱有……的目的；打算……
巧学妙记
表示“打算做某事”的表达还有：
①be going to do sth.
②be about to do sth.
③plan to do sth.
④mean to do sth.
⑤aim to do sth.
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The course is intended __for__ students who wish to improve their organizational skills.
②My early __intention__(intend) of gardening may have originated from my love for nature.
③The hunter intended __to sell/selling__(sell) the goods to make a profit.
④It was meant to be a surprise; I didn’t intend you __to see__(see) it so soon.
⑤He __had intended__(intend) to get a job in the media, but gave up the plan after that unpleasant experience.
⑥The journey was intended __to achieve__(achieve) more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.
⑦I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended __for__ women in the countryside.
18．exist vi.存在；生存
典型例句
Nothing exists on that planet as there is no water and no air.
那个星球上没有东西生存，因为那里没有水和空气。
The old man found it difficult to exist on the little money.
那位老人发现单靠这点钱难以维生。
In Belgium, there exists a bank where people borrow and deposit time instead of money.
在比利时，有一家银行，人们存借的不是金钱而是时间。
No one knows when such a custom first came into existence.
没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始有的。
误区警示
exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
思维拓展
(1)exist in...存在于……之中
exist on...＝live on...靠……生存；靠……生活
There exist(s) ...有/存在……
(2)existence n．存在；生存；生活
in existence现存的；存在的
come into existence/being产生；存在
(3)existing adj.现存的；存在的
巧学妙记
ex (＝out, 向外)＋ist (＝stand, 承受)→在外经风雨承受苦难→生存；存在
即学即练
单句语法填空
①There __exists__(exist) an old hospital at the corner.
②A lot of tall buildings have come into __existence__(exist)．
③Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exists __in__ his mind.
④The old lady became seriously ill last week; she has only existed __on__ milk ever since.
重 点 短 语
1．on earth(放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
典型例句
Why on earth would he want to go to such a place
他到底为什么想去那么个地方？
We felt puzzled.What on earth did they want to do
我们都感到纳闷，他们到底想干什么？
思维拓展
on earth (用于包含形容词最高级的名词短语后表示强调)世界上；人世间
on the earth在地球上
He wanted to be the fastest man on earth.
他想成为世界上跑得最快的人。
We can’t destroy the environment on the earth.
我们不能破坏地球上的环境。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Without the forest, we can not live __on__ the earth either.
完成句子
②__Why on earth__ do the hunters shoot these animals
猎人究竟为什么要射杀这些动物？
③__What on earth__ did you do that for
你那么做究竟为了什么？
④He is the most powerful man __on earth__.
他是世界上最有影响力的人。
2．die out灭亡；逐渐消失
典型例句
Many old customs are gradually dying out.
许多旧习俗在逐渐消失。
Many species of animals are in danger of dying out.
许多种动物都处于濒临灭绝的危险之中。
Due to hunting，antelopes are dying out.
由于捕猎，羚羊正在逐渐消失。
巧学妙记
out 表示“熄灭；消灭”等意义，再如put out 熄灭(灯、火)；go out (灯、火)熄灭。
思维拓展
die off相继死去；先后死去
die away(声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from...因……而死
die down减弱；平息
be dying for很想要；渴望
by dying to do sth.极想做某事
即学即练
单句语法填空
①With the living environment becoming worse, many species are dying __out__.
②They looked up into the sky until the noise of the rocket died __away__.
③Although the wind has died __down__， the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
④London was a new world to me and I was dying __to find__(find) out more about it.
完成句子
⑤California condors attract researchers’ interest because they __almost died out__ in the 1980s.
加利福尼亚的秃鹰吸引着调查者的兴趣是因为它们在20世纪80年代几乎灭绝。
⑥The wind has __died down__ quite a lot.
风小多了。
⑦As a result, many species __are quickly dying out__.
因此，很多物种正在迅速灭绝。
3．make progress取得进步
典型例句
As/So long as you study hard，you’ll make progress.
只要你努力，你就会取得进步。
Study well and make progress every day.
好好学习，天天向上。
思维拓展
make progress in...在……方面取得进步(进展)
make some/great progress取得一些/巨大进步
make slow/steady/rapid/good progress取得缓慢的/平稳的/迅速的/良好的进展
误区警示
progress是不可数名词，不能用a/an修饰，没有复数形式。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Unless you improve your study habits, you can’t make progress __in__ physics.
完成句子
②The report shows that we are __making rapid progress__， but we need to make greater efforts.
报道表明我们正取得快速的进步，但是我们需要做更大的努力。
③It is hard to imagine __what progress they have made__ in the past few months.
很难想象在过去的几个月中他们取得的进步。
4．make out看清；听清；分清
典型例句
I heard the voices, but couldn’t make out what they were saying.
我听到有声音，却听不清他们在说些什么。
With so many things mixed up, it’s hard to make out what’s what.
许多东西混在一起，分不清楚哪个是哪个。
These copies are so dark.I can’t make out any of the words.
这些复印本的颜色太深了，我看不清楚上面的字。
思维拓展
make for...朝……行进；对……有好处；有利于
make up for弥补，补偿
make it及时到达；取得成功
make up one’s mind下定决心
make room for...为……腾地方
make good/full use of好好/充分利用
be made up of...由……组/构成
make sense有意义，讲得通
make up编造(说法、解释等)，虚构；组成；弥补；补偿；化妆；和好；整理；占据
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Without my glasses, I couldn’t make __out__ whether that figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight.
②In some languages, 100 words make __up__ half of all words used in daily conversations.
③Hard work can often make up __for__ a lack of ability.
④The students present at the meeting could not make __out__ what he was talking about; it was too difficult for them to understand.
⑤Peasants make __up__ over 80 percent of the population in that developing country.
⑥(2019·天津卷)Kate heard a man’s voice in the background，but she couldn’t make __out__ what he was saying.
5．watch over保护；照管；监督
典型例句
Will you watch over my clothes when I have a swim
我游泳时你帮我看一下衣服好吗？
They did not watch over this man.
他们并没有监视这个人。
思维拓展
watch out (＝look out)当心；提防
watch out for密切注意，留意；小心；当心
keep a close watch on严密监视
under the close watch在严密的监视下
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Watch __out__！ There’s a car coming.
用watch短语填空
②There must have been an angel __watching over__ me that day.
③What problems should I __watch out for__ when buying an old house
④You’ll become an alcoholic if you don’t __watch out__.
重 点 句 型
1．This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
(1)句式分析：该句是主从复合句。why we’re here是表语从句，why在从句中作原因状语。动词不定式to observe Tibetan antelopes对表语从句进行说明。
(2)“That’s why...”句型
该句型是常用句型，意为“那就是为什么……”，其中why引导表语从句，从句表示结果；That有时可用It/This替换，指代上文提到的事情。
That’s why he is highly thought of in the company.
那就是他在公司被器重的原因。
That’s why we take an active part in social activities.
那就是我们积极参与社会活动的原因。
思维拓展
表示原因的其他句型：
(1)This/That/It is because...“这/那是因为……”。because引导表语从句，表示原因。
She didn’t join in the party last night. That is because she was too busy.
她没有参加昨晚的聚会，那是因为她太忙了。
(2)The reason why...is that...“……的原因是……”。why引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因，此处that一般不可换为because。
The reason why she didn’t accept this job was that the company was too far away from home.
她没有接受这份工作的原因是，这家公司离家太远了。
(3)The reason for...is that...“……的原因是……”。that引导表语从句，表示原因，此处that一般不可换为because。
The reason for his absence was that his mother was seriously ill.
他缺席的原因是她妈妈病得很严重。
(4)The reason that/which...is that...“……的原因是……”。that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语；第二个that引导表语从句，从句表示原因。
The reason that he gave for his breaking his promise was that he had a bad memory.
他为他不遵守承诺给出的理由是，他记性不好。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Plants are very important. That is __because__ they can make food with the help of air, water and sunlight.
②He didn’t attend the meeting last night. That’s __why__ he doesn’t know our plan for the picnic.
③The reason __why__ you got into a panic (恐慌) was __that__ you hadn’t been well prepared for what’s going to happen.
④The reason __for__ his being angry was __that__ his students were rude to him.
句型转换
⑤Tom came late for the meeting because he was stuck in the traffic jam.
Tom was stuck in the traffic jam. __That was why__ he came late for the meeting.
2．Watching them move slowly across the green grass，I’m struck by their beauty.
看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。
(1)句式分析：本句中Watching them move slowly across the green grass是现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于When I am watching them...。
(2)现在分词作状语用法浅析：
He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.
他从山上走下来，一路哼着小曲儿。(伴随状语)
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
他把玻璃杯弄掉了，结果杯子摔得粉碎。(结果状语)
He came running into the room.
他跑进屋来。(方式状语)
Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldn’t get there on time.
她因交通阻塞而被耽误，无法准时到达那里。(原因状语)
Having finished his homework, he went out to play football.
完成作业后，他出去踢足球了。(时间状语)
误区警示
(1)现在分词表示结果时，指自然而然的结果。
(2)不定式也可以表示结果，是出乎意料的结果，且多与only或just连用。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Everyone was silent, __waiting__(wait) to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
②The visitors stood on top of Mountain Tai, __enjoying__(enjoy) the rising sun.
③The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, __allowing__(allow) more patients to be treated.
④Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way __using__(use) the sun and the stars.
⑤Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only __to find__(find) it didn’t fit.
⑥__Finding__(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
⑦__Feeling__(feel) exhausted at the end of the journey, she soon fell asleep.
⑧The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, __cutting__(cut) the branch.
3．Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
随着新的公路和铁路的修建，它们的栖息地变得越来越小。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Their habitats were becoming smaller，as new roads and railways were built是as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)句中as为从属连词，意为“随着”。
It’s becoming warmer and warmer as the spring draws near.
随着春天的临近，天气越来越暖和。
As she grows up, she becomes more beautiful.
随着长大，她变得更漂亮了。
易混辨析
as，with
“as从句”表“随着” as是连词，后接句子
“with＋n.＋v.－ing”表“随着” with是介词，后接短语
As spring comes, everything comes to life.
→With spring coming, everything comes to life.
随着春天的到来，万物复苏。
As children get older, they become more and more interested in everything.
→With children getting older, they become more and more interested in everything.
随着孩子们慢慢长大，他们对一切也变得越发感兴趣了。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed __with__ the environment changed
②With the wealth of the country __increasing__(increase)/As the wealth of the country __increases__(increase), more waste will be produced.
一句多译
随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
③__As time went by__， I gradually adapted myself to the school life.
④__With time going by__， I gradually adapted myself to the school life.
4．The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，后面是since引导的原因状语从句。
(2)since的用法：
①conj.意为“因为，既然”。
Since you are unable to answer，perhaps I should ask someone else.
既然你回答不了，也许我该问别人。
②conj.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“自……以来；从……以后”。
It had been a year since Susan became blind.
苏珊失明已经一年了。
③prep.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“自……以来；从……以后”。
I have not heard from him since last year.
自从去年以来我一直没有收到过他的信。
④adv.(常与现在或过去完成时连用)意为“从那时以后；后来”。
I have not seen him since.
从那以后，我就没见过他。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I haven’t visited my teacher __since__ I graduated.
②It has been three months __since__ he moved to this city.
③Since it was discovered in the 1980s, tourism industry __has become__(become) the leading industry in Zhangjiajie.
完成句子
④__Her mother has been ill__ since they moved to Beijing last year.
自从他们去年搬到北京以来，她母亲一直在生病。
判断下列句子中since的词性
⑤(2021·吉林省实验中学期末)Great changes have taken place in the factory where we are working since then.__介词__
⑥What have you been doing since I last saw you？__连词__
⑦He came to France three years ago and has lived here ever since.__副词__
5．Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
(1)句式分析：本句是倒装句。正常语序是：We can stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature。
only作状语修饰由when引导的时间状语从句。
(2)“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首引起的部分倒装
在英语中，“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构，即把句中的助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语前面。only强调状语。
Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.
只有到那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。
Only after I had read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.
我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了它的含义。
误区警示
(1)only所修饰的状语可以是副词、介词短语，也可以是状语从句，如果only修饰的是状语从句，要记住主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only when a child grows up can he understand his parents’ intentions.
只有当孩子长大了，他才会明白父母的用意。
(2)only修饰主语时，不用倒装结构。
Only he can answer the question.
只有他能回答这个问题。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Only if you work hard__can__you pass the test.
完成句子
②Only when I reached the top of the mountain __did I feel__ a great sense of achievement.
只有当我到达山顶时，我才有极大的成就感。
③Only then __did we realize__ that we were lost.
到那时我们才意识到我们迷路了。
把下列句子变成以only开头的倒装句
④(2021·江苏省天一中学期末)We shall be able to make our earth a cleaner planet only with everyone doing his part.
__Only with everyone doing his part shall we be able to make our earth a cleaner planet.__
⑤(2021·广东深圳期中)The teacher realized that she had left the speech note at home only when she walked into the classroom.
__Only when the teacher walked into the classroom did she realize that she had left the speech note at home.__
⑥I will have a chance to achieve my dream only then.
__Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.__
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Parent birds began to hunt __for__ food for their young.
2．Cultural differences occur wherever you go.When visiting another country, you should be aware __of__ those differences and respect them.
3．It is said that the time spent on homework by the Chinese students is more than four hours a day __on__ average.
4．As far as I’m __concerned__(concern), it’s wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones.
5．The theory of relativity is concerned __with__ two seemingly opposite ideas.
6．All in all, I hope you can adapt __yourself__(you) to the new environment and we can become good friends.
7．Reminded not __to drive__(drive) after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerous.
8．Then the doctors informed the family that there was no hope for his __recovery__(recover)．
9．Three children were __removed__(remove) from school for bad behaviors.
10．With the __intention__(intend) of becoming famous and rich, many ordinary people intend to take part in some TV shows.
11．Humans have been exploring the universe for many years and we still can’t figure out how it came into __existence__(exist)．
12．The number of wild animals on __the__ earth is decreasing.
13．When she was asked why she was late, she made __up__ an excuse to the teacher.
14．Tom was late for work this morning.That is __because__ he overslept.
15．She could be with her friends right now __laughing__(laugh) at him.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Rather than sit here waiting, I prefer to go to find out what __on earth__ has happened.
2．Some rare birds in the area are in danger of __dying out__ because of human activities.
3．According to the National Reading Survey in China, every adult read 5.16 printed books __on average__.
4．What I __am concerned about__ is whether they could fit in with society and how we can create more opportunities for them.
5．In addition, by doing the part－time job I can get some precious experience so that I can better __adapt to__ the development and changes of society.
6．He only agreed to do it __under pressure__ from his parents.
7．It is possible to __make out__ something in those dark caves, but not very much.
8．In my opinion, you should __watch over__ your child, who often wanders in the streets.
9．Determined to get ahead of others in studies, he works __day and night__.
10．To __make profits__， some people illegally hunted endangered animals.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．She is always the first person to go to the office and the last to leave, which I guess is __why she is promoted so quickly__.
她总是第一个到办公室最后一个离开，我猜这就是她那么快得到晋升的原因。(why; promote)
2．Only if you have a goal and go for it with perseverance __can your dreams be achieved__.
只要你有目标而且持之以恒地去追求，那么你的梦想就能实现。(achieve)
3．__As time goes by__， I attach more great significance to doing what I am doing now.
随着时间的推移，我更加重视我现在所做的了。(as; go by)
4．__As/So far as I’m concerned__， it’s wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones.
就我个人而言，不花太多的时间玩智能手机是明智的。(concern)
5．The number of them is less than 1,000, so I hope __you can take some effective measures to protect them__.
它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。(measure)
6．Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day’s work, the little girl helps to __remove the bag from her mom’s shoulder__.
意识到妈妈工作一天后肯定非常累了，这个小女孩帮助妈妈把包从肩上拿下来。(remove)
Ⅳ.课文与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We are here in Tibet to observe Tibetan antelopes.They live on the plains of Tibet 1．__where__ the air is thin.Watching them move slowly across the green grass，I 2．__am struck__(strike) by their beauty. But 3．__the__ 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelopes when they were 4．__illegally__(illegal) hunted for their valuable fur. Their habitats were becoming much 5．__smaller__(small) because new roads and railways were built. As a result, the population of the Tibetan antelopes 6．__dropped__(drop) by more than 50 percent. In order to save this species from 7．__extinction__(extinct)，the Chinese government took 8．__effective__(effect) measures to place it under national protection. Luckily，the antelope population has recovered. However, the government does not intend 9．__to stop__(stop) the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.Only when we learn to exist in harmony 10．__with__ nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
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