UNIT 3 THE INTERNET
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
Artificial Intelligence①：Helpful and Dangerous
Computers and other machines have changed and will continue to change the way people do business and how we live.
Many researchers use the term artificial intelligence(AI) to describe the thinking and intelligent behaviour demonstrated② by machines. While AI can be helpful to human beings, scientists warn, it can also be a threat③.
AI is not new. But it is quickly getting more and more complex, and, well, more intelligent.
Stuart Russell teaches computer science at the University of California, Berkeley. He says humans should be sure to make AI products that we like.Russell sees artificial intelligence changing the economy and current ④ way of life. The health care industry is one area that artificial intelligence is already changing. AI can process⑤huge amounts⑥ of data, so doctors can use the most up－to－date⑦ information to diagnose⑧ and treat patients.
There is also a dangerous side to artificial intelligence. One example is combining drone aircraft technology and AI to create autonomous⑨ weapons.
The debate about whether artificial intelligence is good or bad for humans continues.Researchers agree there is no question that the technology is here, and will continue to change life on our planet.
①artificial intelligence人工智能
②demonstrate vt.证明；论证；展示
③threat n．威胁，恐吓；凶兆
④current adj.现在的；当前的；流通的
⑤process vt.处理；加工
⑥amount n．数量；数额；金额
⑦up－to－date adj.最新的，最近的；现代的，新式的
⑧diagnose vt.诊断；判断
⑨autonomous adj.自治的；自主的
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__blog__ n．博客 vi.写博客→__blogger__ n．博客作者；博主
2．__engine__ n．引擎；发动机；火车头→__engineer__ n．工程师
3．__chat__ vi.聊天；闲聊→__WeChat__ n．微信
4．__stream__ vt.流播(不用下载直接在互联网上播放音视频)；流出vi.流动n.小河；溪流
5．__identity__ n．身份；个性→__identical__ adj.相同的，一样的→__identify__ vt.确定；辨别→__identification__n.身份证明
6．__convenient__ adj.方便的；近便的→__convenience__ n．方便；便利
7．__cash__ n．现金；金钱
8．__update__ vt.更新；向……提供最新信息 n．更新；最新消息
9．__database__ n．数据库；资料库
10．__software__ n．软件→__hardware__ n．硬件
11．__network__ n．(互联)网络；网状系统；人际网 vt.将……连接成网络；联播 vi.建立工作关系
12．__stuck__ adj.卡住；陷(入)；困(于) →__stick__ v．刺；插入；粘贴n.枝条；棍状物
13．__surf__ vt.& vi.浏览；冲浪→__surfing__ n．冲浪运动； (互联网上) 冲浪，漫游，浏览
14．__benefit__ n．益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→__beneficial__ adj.有益的，有用的
15．__distance__ n．距离→__distant__ adj.遥远的
16．__inspire__ vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考→__inspiration__
n．鼓舞；启示；灵感→__inspiring__ adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
17．__access__ n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入；使用；获取→__accessible__ adj.可利用的，可获得的
18．__charity__ n．慈善；慈善机构(或组织)
19．__tough__ adj.艰难的；严厉的
20．__province__ n．省
21．__conference__ n．会议；研讨会；正式会谈
22．__resident__ n．居民；(美国的)住院医生 adj.(在某地)居住的→__residence__ n．住所； 住房； (尤指) 宅第，豪宅； 居住； 定居
23．__plus__ conj.而且；此外 n．加号；优势 prep.加；另加
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．__blog__ post博文；博客帖子
2．__search__ engine(互联网上的)搜索引擎
3．identity __card__身份证
4．__keep__ pany陪伴某人
5．__now__ that既然；由于
6．go __through__经历；度过；通读
7．be interested __in__对……感兴趣
8．look __for__寻找
9．more __than__不仅仅；超过；非常
10．look __up__(在书中)查找；(形势)好转；探访(某人)
11．__by__ the way顺便问一下
12．__no__ longer不再
13．__out__ of work失业
14．after __a__ while过了一会儿
15．pay __for__买……；为……交款；为……付出代价
16．apply __for__申请
17．take care __of__照料；抚养
18．together __with__和……一起
19．__for__ sure确定地，肯定地
20．raise money __for__为……筹集资金
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．There are countless articles __telling__ us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.
有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。
2．We can download software，documents，and images __whenever__ we need them.
我们可以下载软件、文档和图像，无论何时我们需要它们。
3．At age 50, she __found__ herself __out of work__ and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.
50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。
4．She was __so__ inspired by the people she met online __that__ she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人学习如何使用电脑和互联网。
5．__Now that__ he works and can take care of himself，his daughter has time to study at university.
由于他工作并能照顾自己，他女儿有时间在大学学习了。
Ⅳ.课文预读
一、Reading for the main idea
1．The text mainly tells us __B__.
A．the Internet changed Jan’s life
B．the Internet improves people’s life
C．how Jan became successful
D．how people use the Internet
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1 A．Jan’s feeling of life.
Para. 2 B．The wonders of the World Wide Web.
Para. 3 C．Jan was inspired and started an IT club to
help older people.
Para. 4 D．Jan continued to learn to start a charity
website.
Para. 5 E．The reason why Jan began to surf the
Internet.
答案：Paras 1－5 BECDA
二、Reading for the details
1．What’s the main idea of the passage？__D__
A．Jan developed a serious illness.
B．Jan decided to start an IT club.
C．Jan started a charity website.
D．Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.
2．Jan’s attitude to the Internet is __C__.
A．negative B．neutral
C．grateful D．not mentioned
3．What helped Jan remove her loneliness？__B__
A．The online group she joined.
B．The ability of the Internet to remove the distance between people.
C．The support and advice she got from others.
D．The people she met online.
4．What’s the purpose of the author by referring to the 59－year－old man and the 61－year－old woman？__D__
A．To introduce two old people.
B．To explain how to apply for jobs online.
C．To prove they are successful.
D．To give two examples helped by Jan’s club.
5．Which of the following words is similar to “bridge” in meaning in Para. 4？__A__
A．Remove. B．Decorate.
C．Broaden. D．Increase.
三、Reading for the structure
本文主要讲述了网络对我们生活的影响。本文一开始点明主题：网络给我们的生活带来方便，然后通过举例继续说明网络对人们生活的巨大影响。文章是以“总—分”结构来行文的。
明线 暗线 行文结构
第一部分(Para.1) The 1．__wonders__ of the World Wide Web. convenient 总
第二部分(Paras.2～5) She 2．__developed__ a serious illness; surfing the Internet could help her feel 3．__less__ lonely and bored. upset→delighted 分
She 4．__started__ an IT club to teach older people how to 5．__use__ computers and the Internet. inspired→successful
She has started 6．__taking__ online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. moreconfident
课内要点探究
重 点 单 词
1．chat vi.聊天；闲聊
典型例句
My kids spend hours chatting on the phone with their friends.
我的几个孩子在电话中和朋友聊天一聊就是几个小时。
He’s been on the computer all morning, chatting with his friends.
他整个上午都在上网和朋友聊天。
思维拓展
(1)chat with sb. about sth. 与某人聊某事
(2)chat n．聊天；闲聊
have a chat with sb.(about sth.)与某人闲聊(某事)
chat show(电台或电视台)现场采访节目
即学即练
单句语法填空
①All the way we were __chatting__(chat)，singing and laughing，enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery.
②On the eve of the Spring Festival, all my family had a big feast together, __chatting__(chat) and laughing.
③He usually likes chatting __about__ the things with his friends on the Internet.
④I was having __a__ chat with my e－pal when my computer broke down.
2．convenient adj.方便的；近便的
典型例句
A bicycle is often more convenient than a car in towns.
在城镇骑自行车常常比开车更方便。
Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow
你明天开始工作方便吗？
思维拓展
(1)It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事方便。
Sth. is convenient for sb./sth.某事对某人/事来说是方便的。
...is convenient for/to...……离……近。
(2)convenience n．方便
for convenience为方便起见
for one’s convenience为方便某人
at one’s convenience在某人方便时
(3)inconvenient adj.不方便的
inconvenience n．不方便
误区警示
sb. is convenient(×)
it’s convenient of sb. to do sth.(×)
it’s convenient for sb. to do sth.(√)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①When you don’t have any cash on you, it’s __convenient__(convenience) to pay online.
②We have provided seats for the __convenience__(convenient) of our customers.
③This bookshop is close and convenient __for/to__ the bus stop.
④__It__ is convenient for you to take a plane because there’s a regular bus to the airport.
⑤These meals can be prepared in advance, and served __at__ your convenience.
⑥With the development of the Internet, many individuals favour online shopping because it is __more convenient__(convenient) and can save time.
⑦Students think it is extremely convenient for them __to communicate__(communicate) with the outside world using mobile phones.
完成句子
⑧I bought this apartment __for convenience__， for __it is very convenient for me to__ get to the bus station and it has __a lot of conveniences__.
我买这个公寓是因为方便，因为这样我到汽车站很便利，公寓里也有很多便利的设施。
3．stuck adj.卡住；(陷)入；(困)于
典型例句
Seven of us were stuck in the lift for over an hour.
我们七个人困在电梯里达1个多小时。
He said his car had got stuck in the snow.
他说他的车被困在雪地中了。
思维拓展
(1)get/be stuck in卡住，陷入
(2)stick vt.刺，戳；伸出；粘贴
vi.坚持；伸出；粘住
n．棍，棒；枝条
stick to坚持；遵守；粘住
stick out伸出；突出
即学即练
单句语法填空
①In April, thousands of holiday makers remained __stuck__(stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
②I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck __in__ the branches of a tree.
③Good opinions are worth sticking __to__ because they can benefit us all.
④The short man, who seemed to be in his early twenties, reached the porch and __stuck__(stick) out his hand.
完成句子
⑤(2018·浙江高考)We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. Wandering around, we __were__ still __stuck in__ the dilemma.
我们不知道我们在哪里，天渐渐黑了。我们四处徘徊，仍然进退两难。
⑥Help! I’m __stuck in__ the mud!
救命啊！我陷进泥里不能动了。
4．benefit n．益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
典型例句
The new credit cards will be of great benefit to our customers.
新的信用卡将对我们的客户非常有益。
We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.
我们应该把这笔钱花在大家都能得益的事上。
I’m sure you’ll benefit greatly from the visit.
我相信，这次访问你将获益匪浅。
思维拓展
(1)for the benefit of...＝for one’s benefit为了……的利益
be of benefit to...有益于；对……有好处
have the benefit of得益于
(2)benefit sb./sth.使某人或某物受益
benefit from/by...从……中受益/获益
(3)beneficial adj.有利的；有益的；受益的
be beneficial to (＝be of benefit to...)对……有益；对……有利
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Actually，these books are __of__ great benefit to the staff.
②(2021·全国乙卷改编)In my opinion, students can benefit a lot __from__ doing some housework.
③Reading is __beneficial__(benefit) to all of us.
④Walking outdoors regularly for sunshine is beneficial __to__ everyone.
完成句子
⑤The new hospital will __benefit__ the entire community.
这所新医院将使整个社区受益。
⑥I __benefited__ much __from__ my father’s advice.
我从父亲的建议中获益颇多。
⑦Moderate exercise will be __of much benefit to__ you.
适度运动对你有很多益处。
⑧She went there __for the benefit of__ her health.
她为了健康而去了那里。
5．distance n．距离
典型例句
We can see the mountain in the distance.
我们从远处就可以看到那座山。
Night fell.The hills in the distance turned dark blue.
夜色渐近，远山变成了深蓝色。
Seen at a distance, the picture looks more beautiful.
从远处看，那幅画看起来更美。
What is the distance to London
到伦敦有多远？
思维拓展
(1)in the distance在远处；在远方(距离很远)
at/from a distance稍远处；隔一段距离(不是很远)
at a distance of...在距……的地方
within walking distance几步之遥；在步行可到达的地方
keep one’s distance from sb.＝keep sb. at a distance与某人保持距离/疏远
(2)distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的
be distant from...离……远
即学即练
单句语法填空
①She found that the man was following her __at__ a distance.
②On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual __distance__(distant) is only 20 miles.
③Ann likes to keep people __at__ a distance.
④The boy who is standing __in__ the distance has a gift for writing.
⑤Your dress looks all right at __a__ distance.
⑥The shop is __within__walking distance, so we needn’t take a taxi.
完成句子
⑦Her father advised her to __keep her distance from__ that fellow.
她父亲劝她疏远那家伙。
⑧The only way I can cope with my best friend is __at a distance__.
我和我最好的朋友相处的唯一方法就是保持距离。
6．inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考
典型例句
Her work didn’t exactly inspire me with confidence.
她的工作并没有真正地使我产生信心。
He inspired many young people to take up the sport.
他激励了很多年轻人参与这项运动。
An artist who was inspired by the scene painted this beautiful picture.
一位受这一情景启发的艺术家画下了这幅美丽的画。
思维拓展
(1)inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth./inspire sth. in sb.在某人心中激起某种感情/引起某人……；用某事来激励某人
be inspired by...受到……的启发；由……得到灵感
(2)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的
inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The captain’s heroic effort inspired them __with__ determination.
＝The captain’s heroic effort inspired determination __in__ them.
②His speech was so __inspiring__(inspire) that his students were inspired __to study__(study) harder than ever before.
③__Inspired__(inspire) by my good friend, I intended to study abroad.
④Come on! Let’s give support and __inspiration__(inspire) to each other.
⑤You __inspired__(inspire) admiration in me.
⑥The rule to offer free training to young college students seems __inspiring__(inspire)．
完成句子
他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。
⑦His encouraging remarks __inspired confidence in__ me.
⑧His encouraging remarks __inspired me with__ confidence.
7．access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入；使用；获取
典型例句
In some cases, you may not have access to sensitive business data.
在某些情况下，您可能无法访问敏感的业务数据。
You need a password to get access to the computer system.
使用这个计算机系统需要口令。
思维拓展
(1)have access to...拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入
have no access to...没有……的机会；无法接近
get access to获得，接近；可以使用
give access to准许进入(接近)
(2)accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to...可接近；可靠近；可使用……
误区警示
access前通常不加冠词，access和accessible短语中的to是介词。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①For one thing, with almost all of us having access __to__ the Internet and other media sources, such news is within our easy reach.
②All roads were blocked and the only access __to__ the earthquake－stricken areas was by water.
完成句子
互联网是世界上最大的信息资源库，只要通过一台电脑就可以访问。
③The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and you can __have access to__ it through a computer.(access)
④The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and it __is accessible__ through a computer.(accessible)
重 点 短 语
1．more than不仅仅；超过；非常
典型例句
Akira Nagata is more than a scientist; he is also a poet.
永田明不仅仅是位科学家，还是位诗人。
More than 70 percent of our planet is covered by water.
我们的星球有70%以上被水覆盖。
They were more than glad to help.
他们非常乐意帮忙。
名师点津
(1)more than修饰名词时，表示“不仅仅，不止(＝not only)”。
(2)more than后接数字，表示“超过；多于”。
(3)more than修饰形容词、副词、动词、分词或句子时，起加强语气的作用，表示“十分”。
思维拓展
more...than...与其说……倒不如说……；比……更……
She is more lazy(不用lazier) than unintelligent.
与其说她不聪明倒不如说她懒惰。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①For many, fishing is more __than__ a sport；it is an art.
完成句子
②He is __more than__ happy today.
今天他十分高兴。
③Bamboo is used for __more than__ buildings.
竹子不仅仅用于建筑。
2．look up(在书中)查找；(形势)好转；探访(某人)；仰望
典型例句
Things are looking up!
情况正在好转！
I often look up the new words in the dictionary.
我经常在词典中查生词。
Do look me up the next time you’re in London.
你下一次到伦敦，一定来看我。
思维拓展
look after照料；照顾
look ahead展望未来
look around环顾；四下看
look at看；检查
look back on回忆
look down upon瞧不起
look into调查；审查
易混辨析
look up和refer to都可以表示“查阅”，但两者是有区别的；look up后接所要查阅的具体内容，如单词、短语等；refer to后接所查的工具书或资料，如词典、笔记、参考书等。
If you don’t know what is means, refer to the dictionary.＝If you don’t know what it means, look it up in the dictionary.
如果你不知道它的意思，去查词典。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①When I look back __on__ 2014, I am proud of what we have achieved.
②If there are words you do not understand, look them __up__ in a dictionary.
选词填空(look up/refer to)
③—Should I __look up__ the new words each time I come across them
—No, __refer to__ your dictionary only when necessary.
判断下列句子中look up的含义
④(2019·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解节选)“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book.__抬头往上看__
⑤I’m going to do an Internet search on how the ancient Greek people lived and look it up in the library.__查阅__
⑥Now that businesses have started returning, the country’s economy is finally looking up.__好转__
3．out of work失业
典型例句
They’re out of work and have to stay at home now.
他们现在失业了，不得不待在家里。
Life was very hard since both of them were out of work.
他们两个都失业了，生活非常困难。
思维拓展
(1)相关短语积累：
(2)“out of＋n.”型的其他短语：
out of control失去控制
out of sight看不见
out of trouble摆脱困境
out of date过时
out of reach够不着
out of order出故障
out of breath上气不接下气
即学即练
用“out of＋n.”型短语完成下面情景
Mary was __out of work__ because the company which she had worked for closed down. She decided to go on a trip. When she was leaving I drove to the station to see her off. I watched the train leaving slowly until it was __out of sight__. Then I drove back, but my car was __out of order__ halfway. Just when I was wondering what to do, a kind man gave me a hand, so I was __out of trouble__ and got home before dark.
4．keep pany陪伴某人
典型例句
I’ll keep you company while you’re waiting.
你等待时我会陪着你。
思维拓展
for company陪着；陪伴
in company with...与……一起/结伴
accompany vt.陪伴
accompany sb. to sp.陪伴某人去某地
be accompanied by...由……陪伴
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Child must be __accompanied__(accompany) by two paying adults.
②In company __with__ his friends, he wants to play basketball.
③He usually accompanies his parents __to__ the shopping center during his free time.
④My sister has come from America to keep __me__(I) company during my illness.
⑤There was almost no wind—only the flames of our fire __for__ company.
完成句子
⑥In order to __keep his parents company__， he quitted his present job.
为了陪伴父母，他放弃了现在的工作。
⑦He will go with us to the airport __for company__.
他将陪我们去机场。
⑧She arrived __in company with__ the captain.
她与船长一起到达。
5．apply for申请；请示得到
典型例句
You may apply for tickets in person or by letter.
需票者可亲自来申请亦可来信索取。
思维拓展
apply v．应用；运用；申请；请求
apply to sb./sth.适用于某人或某物
apply sth. to sth.把某物应用于某物
apply to sb. for...向某人申请……
apply oneself to (doing) sth.专注于；专心(做)某事
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The rules of safety driving apply __to__ everyone，because life is the most important.
②Could I apply __for__ the job for my little brother
完成句子
③They had to __apply to__ the media for help.
他们只好向媒体请求帮助。
6．take care of照料；抚养
典型例句
She promised to take care of my children while I was away.
她答应在我不在时会照顾我的孩子的。
We’ve asked my mother to take care of the kids while we’re away.
我们已请我母亲在我们外出时照看孩子。
思维拓展
care about关心；顾虑，在乎
care for喜欢；愿意；关心，爱护；照顾
take care 当心；小心
with care 小心地
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Yuan Longping is a famous scientist who doesn’t care __about__ his clothes.
②The state must care __for__ the families of soldiers killed in the war.
③In order to prove that I could take care __of__ myself, I washed my own clothes the second afternoon, though I could wait for Mother to do it.
完成句子
④Don’t you __care about__ our country’s future
难道你不为国家的未来担忧吗？
⑤He spent years __caring for__ his sick mother.
他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲。
⑥You can borrow my camera if you promise to __take care of__ it.
只要你答应把我的照相机保管好就可以借去用。
7．go through经历；度过；通读；(法律、协议、决定)获得通过；完成；浏览
典型例句
How does she keep smiling after all she’s gone through
她经历了这一切后怎么还能保持笑容？
Some of the students had gone through hardships before they entered the university.
有些大学生在进入大学之前经历过艰苦的生活。
思维拓展
(1)go through穿过；完成；通过；用完；搜查；出版；详细讨论
(2)动词go构成的短语
go after追求；追逐
go ahead前进；说吧；干吧；进行
go by过去；流逝
go on (with)发生；继续下去
go against不利于；违背；反对
go up上升；上涨
go over复习；重温；仔细检查
go out熄灭；过时；出去
go in for从事/喜欢
(3)“动词＋through”构成的短语
break through冲破
get through完成，通过
live through活过……
look through浏览
cut through穿过
put through接通电话
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Not until he went __through__ real hardship did he realize the love we have from our families is important.
②Our teacher chose many important exercises for us, and I went __over__ the language points at the same time.
③With time going __by__， everyone became very concerned about his safety.
④To our great satisfaction, our market share has gone __up__ by 5% in the past year.
⑤Being a winner doesn’t mean you’ll always get everything you want，but it does mean you’ll go __after__ your goals in ways that are reliable.
⑥All the lights went __out__ suddenly because of an electricity failure.
⑦—May I open the window to let in some fresh air
—Go __ahead__.
⑧Anyone who goes __against__ nature will be punished.
⑨Most students in our class go in __for__ outdoor activities.
判断下列句子中go through的含义
⑩She went through some really difficult times and I feel like we are what we are because of her bravery.__度过__
All the hardships they have gone through together made their relationship closer.__经历__
As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people had a different experience.__浏览__
The plan went through, which made us all happy.__通过__
I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang.__完成__
重 点 句 型
1．There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.
有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是There are countless articles，telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词articles，其中又包含了how引导的宾语从句。
(2)telling us how the Internet...为现在分词短语作定语修饰前面的名词articles，表示它与articles之间存在主谓关系。
易混辨析
现在分词和过去分词都可用作定语，它们的区别有两点：
①现在分词表示分词与所修饰的名词或代词之间存在主谓关系，过去分词表示分词与所修饰的名词或代词之间存在动宾关系。
I like books written by Zhang Ailing.
我喜欢张爱玲写的书。(write与books之间为动宾关系)
Do you know the woman wearing a pair of glasses
你认识那个戴眼镜的妇女吗？(the woman与wear之间为主谓关系)
②现在分词意为“令人……的”，表示被修饰的人或物给别人的感受；过去分词意为“……的”，强调被修饰的人自身的感受。
We’re surprised at the astonishing news.
这条令人震惊的消息使我们大吃一惊。(表示消息令人震惊)
Did you notice the puzzled expression on his face
你注意到他脸上困惑的表情了吗？(表示他很困惑)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①This will be the best novel of its kind ever __written__(write)．
②They are building a road __leading__(lead) to the mountains.
③Recently a survey __comparing__(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets had caused heated debate among citizens.
④Tsinghua University, __founded__(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
⑤On receiving a phone call from his wife __saying__(say) she had a fall, Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.
⑥John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter __offering__(offer) him it.
2．We can download software，documents，and images whenever we need them.
我们可以下载软件、文档和图像，无论何时我们需要它们。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是We can download software，documents，and images，后面是whenever引导的时间状语从句。
(2)whenever引导状语从句
whenever常用来引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句。
—
Whenever she comes，she brings a present.
她每次来都带个礼物。(时间状语从句)
Whenever (＝No matter when) you decide to go，I will keep you company.
无论你决定何时去，我都会陪你。(让步状语从句)
思维拓展
Wherever (＝No matter where) you are，you can’t be happy without a friend.
无论你在哪儿，没有朋友就不会快乐。(Wherever在此引导让步状语从句)
However (＝No matter how) difficult the task may be，I will finish it on time.
不管这项任务有多困难，我都将按时完成。(However在此引导让步状语从句)
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
人们普遍认为，孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。(whatever在此引导宾语从句)
Whoever leaves the room at last ought to turn off the lights.
无论是谁最后离开房间都应该把灯关掉。(Whoever在此引导主语从句)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The gold medal will be awarded to __whoever__ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
②So __whenever__ in trouble, just face it bravely and you are sure to make it sooner or later.
③Cultural differences occur __wherever__ you go.When visiting another country，you should be aware of those differences and respect them.
判断下列句子中“疑问词＋－ever”引导的从句类型
④But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated.__让步状语从句__
⑤Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.__宾语从句__
⑥If you feed a baby whenever he is hungry，you will have less difficulty when taking care of him later.__时间状语从句__
3．At age 50，she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.
50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。此句结构为“find＋宾语＋宾补”，out of work和stuck at home是句子的宾语补足语，说明宾语herself的处境。with only her computer to keep her company是“with＋名词＋to do”结构，在句中作stuck的伴随状语。
(2)find的复合宾语结构
find＋宾语＋
I found my letter torn into pieces after I opened the drawer.
我打开抽屉发现我的信被撕成了碎片。
Often he found her quietly weeping alone.
他经常发现她独自一人静静地流泪。
He found his door open when he came back.
当他回来时，他发现门开着。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Now when people refer to England you find Wales __included__(include) as well.
完成句子
②When he arrived，he found __all the work finished__.
当他到达时，他发现所有的工作都已做完了。
③When she woke up，she __found herself lying__ in hospital.
当她醒来的时候，她发现自己躺在医院里。
④We find __the story very interesting__.
我们发现这个故事很有趣。
⑤You’ll find __it a difficult book__.
你会发现它是一本难懂的书。
4．She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人学习如何使用电脑和互联网。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。该句使用了so...that...句型结构，其中的she met online是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the people。how to use computers and the Internet为不定式作宾语。“疑问词＋to do”结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
(2)so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，that是连词，在句中引导结果状语从句。
She was so angry that she couldn’t say a word.
她是如此生气，以至于她一句话都说不出来。
Our team played so well that we won the game.
我们的球队踢得很好，结果赢了比赛。
思维拓展
so/such...that...常用的句型有：
①so＋adj./adv.＋that从句
He studied so hard that he passed the important exam.
他学习如此努力，结果通过了那次重要的考试。
②so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句
It is so interesting a book that I want to buy it.
这是如此有趣的一本书，以至于我想把它买下来。
③so＋many/few/much/little＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that从句
There is so much noise here that I can’t hear you.
这里的噪音这么大，以至于我听不到你在说什么。
④such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that从句
This is such an expensive car that I can’t afford to buy it.
这辆车如此贵，以至于我买不起。
⑤such＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋that从句
It was such fine weather that we decided to go on an outing.
天气如此好，以至于我们决定去郊游。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Tom is __so__ honest a boy that he never tells a lie.
②There are __so__ many flowers that I don’t know which I will pick.
③Peter was so __excited__(excite) when he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
完成句子
④The sunshine today is __so beautiful that__ I’d like to go swimming in the sea.
今天的阳光如此明媚，我真想去大海里游泳。
⑤Ne Zha is __such an amazing film__ that all the audience are moved.
《哪吒》是一部令人惊叹的电影，所有的观众都被感动了。
⑥He is __so clever that__ he can answer all the questions.
他很聪明以至于他能回答所有问题。
5．Now that he works and can take care of himself，his daughter has time to study at university.
由于他工作并能照顾自己，他女儿有时间在大学学习了。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。Now that he works and can take care of himself是原因状语从句，his daughter has time to study at university是主句。
(2)now that既然，由于
Now that the kids have left home, we’ve got a lot of extra space.
由于孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽绰了。
Now that you have finished your work, you’d better have a rest.
既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。
易混辨析
now that, because, since, as, for
now that 固定短语，意为“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，that 可以省略
because 表示直接的或为人所不知的原因，语气最强。回答用 why 提问的问句
since 意为“既然”，表示已知或共知的原因，但并非直接原因。(可与 now that 互换)
as 意为“由于”，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。语气比 because 弱
for 意为“因为”，并列连词，表示补充说明的理由。连接分句，不能置于句首
误区警示
类似 although/though 不能与 but 连用，because 不能与 so 连用，当 since, now that 引导原因状语从句时，主句前不能加 so 等连词。
[译]既然你已经准备好了，我们现在可以走了。
[误]Now that you are ready, so we can go now.
[正]Now that you are ready, we can go now.
即学即练
完成句子
①__Now that everyone is here__，let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。
②__Now(that)/Since you have grown up__，you should not rely on your parents.
既然你已经长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。
③__Now that dinner is ready__，wash your hands.
既然晚饭准备好了，你就去洗手吧。
④__Now that/Since you have long been interested in__Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
既然你一直对中国文化感兴趣，我认为北京语言大学对你来说是一个理想的地方。
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．At the same time, I made up my mind to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things, such as playing video games and __chatting__(chat) online.
2．If you are interested, please send an application e－mail __at__ your earliest convenience.
3．There is no doubt that we can benefit __from__ the training we are being given.
4．It is universally acknowledged that learning English well will be of great benefit __to__ us all.
5．We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long __distance__(distant) to take a shower and use the bathroom.
6．The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists __to explore__(explore) the outer space.
7．All the sites are free to the public and __accessible__(access) to anyone with an Internet connection.
8．My friend Bill is coming to see me in company __with__ his new friend.
9．During the next ten years they both worked day and night to pay __back__ the money they had borrowed.
10．The text is especially helpful for those who care __about__ their body shape.
Ⅱ.选词填空
stuck in，go through，be beneficial to，now that，out of work
1．Please __go through__ the text and underline the words whose meanings you don’t know.
2．The majority of the workers in the factory are __out of work__ owing to the machines being used.
3．__Stuck in__ the heavy snow, my father insisted that we stay where we were when he went for help.
4．Good habits can bring us happiness and help us to achieve our goals.So they __are beneficial to__ our achievements.
5．Yet，__now that__ I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex，I find myself needing a way to escape.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Will it __be convenient for you__ to come this afternoon
你今天下午来方便吗？
2．She __no longer__ feared that they would misunderstand her.
她不再害怕他们会误解她了。
3．The new regulations will be __of benefit to/beneficial to__ everyone concerned.
新规章将使所有相关人员受益。
4．A straight line is __the shortest distance__ between two points.
两点之间线段最短。
5．The days we spent there __inspired us boys to__ reflect on many things.
在那里度过的日子激励着我们男孩子们对很多事情做出反思。
6．__Now that you want to improve__ your oral English, you should speak English every day.
既然你想提高英语口语，你就应该每天说英语。
7．Living here, we can __have easy access to__ shops and schools.(access)
在这儿生活，我们去商店或学校很方便。
8．He was __going through__ a very difficult time.
他正处于一段非常艰难的时期。
9．He spoke __so fast that__ I couldn’t follow him.
他说得太快了，我跟不上他。
10．He likes deciding __what to do__ and how to make it by himself.
他喜欢自己决定做什么及如何做成自己想做的。
Ⅳ.课文与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Much has been written about the 1．__wonders__(wonder) of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles 2．__telling__(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. We can not only get the most 3．__updated__(update) information but also download software，documents, and images 4．__whenever__ we need them. The Internet has made our life more convenient.
Jan Tchamani，an English teacher，was stuck at home because of a serious illness. However, she discovered that 5．__surfing__(surf) the Internet could help her feel less lonely and bored. She joined an online group 6．__where__ she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others. 7．__Inspired__(inspire) by the people she met online, she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how 8．__to use__(use) computers and the Internet.Many people have been helped by the club. What’s more, Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society 9．__better__(good)．Her next goal is 10．__to start__(start) a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
PAGE
26Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
单元语法精析
现在完成时的被动语态
语法点拨
一、现在完成时的被动语态的形式
现在完成时的被动语态的基本构成是：have/has been done。但在不同的句式中，其具体形式也有所不同。
1．肯定句形式
主语＋have/has＋been＋done＋其他。
The bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed.
黄河上的桥刚刚建成。
The chicken has been stewed for two hours.
鸡已经炖了两个小时了。
2．否定句形式
主语＋have/has＋not＋been＋done＋其他。
They haven’t been told the exciting news yet, have they
还没有告诉他们这个令人激动的消息，对吗？
The second－hand car has not been sold.
这辆二手汽车还没有卖出去。
3．一般疑问形式
Have/Has＋主语＋been done＋其他？
—Has her work been finished
——她的工作完成了吗？
—Yes, it has.
——是的，完成了。
4．特殊疑问形式
疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done＋其他？
How long has the machine been used
这台机器使用多久啦？
即学即练
变换句子
The children have already been told the good news.
①将原句变为否定句。
__The children haven’t been told the good news yet.__
②将原句变为一般疑问句。
__Have the children been told the good news yet？__
③对原句中的the children进行提问。
__Who has been told the good news yet？__
完成句子
④I’m sorry, but the letters __haven’t been typed__ yet.
很抱歉，但是这些信件还没有被打印出来。
⑤The plan __has been discussed__ for nearly two hours.
这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了。
⑥She __hasn’t been mentioned__ since then.
从那时候起，她就没被提起。
二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去一个被动的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。
The room has already been cleaned.
房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已不用打扫房间了)
The doctor hasn’t been sent for yet.
还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since 等引导的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how long 引导的句子中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
How long has the project been carried out
这项工程已实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续实施)
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
思维拓展
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
already已经
yet已经
recently/lately最近
since then从那时起
ever since自那以来
ever曾经
so far迄今为止
for a long time很长一段时间
by now到现在为止
in recent years在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
即学即练
用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子
①Jack’s boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack __has always been praised__ by his boss for his devotion to work.
②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place __has been found__ to build a temple in the village.
③We haven’t decided how to solve that difficult technological problem yet.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem __hasn’t been decided__ yet.
完成句子
④I will go home when my homework __has been finished__.
当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。
⑤Paper money __has been used for over one thousand years__.
纸币已被使用1 000多年了。
三、现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项
1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has 和 been，两者缺一不可。
2．现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：
一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。
The big fire was put out two hours ago.
大火两小时前被扑灭了。
The big fire has been put out.
大火已经被扑灭了。
3．finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, join, open 等非持续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
这个工程开始多久了？
【误】How long has this project been started
【正】How long ago was this project started
4．动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
即学即练
完成句子
①The library __has been built__.
这座图书馆已经建好了。
②The library __was built__ last year.
这座图书馆是去年建成的。
③The injured bird __has been looked after__ since it was saved.
那只受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。
判断下列句子的正误(T/F)
④The work has been finished for two days.( F )
⑤This book has not been borrowed since last week.( T )
专项练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In the last few years thousands of films __have been produced__(produce) all over the world.
2．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet __has been made__(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.
3．So far about five thousand trees __have been planted__(plant) around our village.
4．The diamond mine __was discovered__(discover) accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hide－and－seek.
5．Great changes __have taken__(take) place in the past 10 years.
6．Although both sides have been making efforts, no conclusion __has been drawn__(draw) up to now.
7．That book __has been translated__(translate) into at least 20 foreign languages in the last 10 years.
8．It’s the first time that the old computer __has been checked__(check) since I bought it.
9．Do you know anyone that __has been put__(put) into space rockets and __sent__(send) to explore the Moon and Mars since last century
10．We are glad to be told that Li Tao __has been admitted__(admit) to Fudan University for his top score in the Maths Contest.
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1．How many workers __have been sent__(已派遣) to build the railway
2．—Why does Mary look so unhappy
—Because she __has been laughed at__(被嘲笑) by her classmates.
3．It is said that the house __has been broken into__(闯进了) by two thieves.
4．The two pens __have not been taken away__(未被拿走) by him.
5．Where has the television __been repaired__(被修理了)
6．The price of a color TV set __has been brought down__(降价了) again.
7．What __has been translated__(已被译成) into many foreign languages
8．The buildings __have been destroyed__(已经被毁) in the earthquake.
9．The problem __has not been solved__(尚未被解决) by us yet.
10．The computers __have been given away__(已被赠送) to a local school by the company.
Ⅲ.语法主题应用
李明和林涛在新学期第一天见面，他们在谈论那个城市地震一年后的情况。请根据语境，用相应的时态完成下面对话。
Li Ming：Hi，Li Tao. How nice to see you on the first day of the new term!
Lin Tao：Yes. Nice to see you again.
Li Ming：I know that your parents 1．__have been working__(work) in that city for about a year. Can you tell me something about it after the earthquake
Lin Tao：Of course. Since the earthquake 2．__happened__(happen), many soldiers 3．__have been sent__(send) there, and many kinds of supplies(物资供应) 4．__have been carried__(carry) there from all over the country. Now, most people there 5．__live/are living__(live) a happy life again.
Li Ming：How about the schools there
Lin Tao：Several new schools 6．__have been set up__(set up) and also some schools which 7．__were damaged__(damage) in the earthquake 8．__have been rebuilt__(rebuild). So all the students can go back to school to study now.
Li Ming：That’s wonderful. I’m sure their life will be better and better. When will your parents come back
Lin Tao：They will be back next month.
PAGE
6Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking，Reading for Writing
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__function__ n．功能；作用；机能 vi.起作用；正常工作；运转→__functional__ adj.作用的； 功能的；运转的
2．__battery__ n．电池
3．__confirm__ vt.确认；使确信→__confirmation__ n．证实，证明，确定，证明书→__confirmed__ adj.成习惯的，根深蒂固的
4．__Wi－Fi__ n．无线保真(用无线电波而非网线在计算机网络传输数据的系统)
5．__press__ vt.按，压；敦促→__pressure__ n．压力
6．__button__ n．按钮；纽扣
7．__file__ n．文件；文件夹；档案
8．__discount__ n．折扣 vt.打折
9．__account__ n．账户；描述→__accountant__ n．会计
10．__click__ vt.& vi.点击
11．__theft__ n．偷(窃)；盗窃罪→__thief__ n．贼；小偷；窃贼
12．__rude__ adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→__rudeness__ n．粗鲁；无礼
13．__target__ n．目标；对象；靶子 vt.把……作为攻击目标
14．__false__ adj.假的；错误的→__true__adj.真的；正确的
15．__particular__ adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的→__particularly__ adv.特别；尤其
16．__embarrassing__ adj.让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的→__embarrassed__ adj.尴尬的；难堪的；困窘的→__embarrass__ vt.使尴尬；使难堪→__embarrassment__ n．尴尬
17．__upset__ adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的 vt.使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
18．__guideline__ n．准则；指导原则→__guide__n.指南；手册；导游 v．指导
19．__author__ n．作者；作家→__authority__ n．权力；权威
20．__tip__ n．忠告；诀窍；实用的提示
21．__familiar__ adj.熟悉；熟知
22．__define__ vt.给……下定义；界定；解释→__definition__ n．(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义，解释；定义；清晰度
23．__case__ n．盒；箱；情况；案件
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．__in__ shape状况良好
2．keep track __of__掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态
3．make fun __of__取笑；戏弄
4．keep(...) __in__ mind 牢记
5．add...__to__...把……加到……上
6．__on__ the Internet在网上
7．first __of__ all首先，第一
8．give __out__分发；发出(气味；热等)
9．in order __to__为了……
10．be mean __to__对……刻薄/小气
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．This app keeps you __updated__ on all your favourite topics.
这个应用程序让你更新所有你最喜欢的话题。
2．However，__the more__ polite you are，__the less__ likely it is you will be attacked.
然而，你越有礼貌，你就越不可能受到攻击。
Ⅳ.课文预读
Reading for the details
1．What’s the best title of the blog post？__B__
A．Rules of the Internet
B．Online safety
C．A troll online
D．How to post online
2．What does the writer tell readers in Paragraph 1？__D__
A．Definition of online safety.
B．The writer’s knowledge.
C．Background information.
D．The topic of the post.
3．How does the writer end the post？__D__
A．By asking questions.
B．By answering questions.
C．By asking and answering questions.
D．By asking readers to write comments.
课内要点探究
重 点 单 词
1．confirm vt.确认；使确信
典型例句
Have you confirmed the Wi－Fi password
你确认Wi－Fi密码了吗？
The incident confirmed him in his dislike of dogs.
出了这件事之后他就更加不喜欢狗了。
It has been confirmed that all passed the math exam.
已经证实所有的人数学考试都及格了。
思维拓展
confirm sb. in sth.使某人确信某事
confirm sth./that...证实……
It has been confirmed that...已经证实/确定……
即学即练
单句语法填空
①His words confirmed me __in__ my belief that our cause was right.
完成句子
②I am __confirmed in__ my opinions by what you said.
你的话使我的想法更为坚定了。
③__It has been confirmed that__ it is the most effective treatment.
已证实这是最有效的治疗方法。
④He called again to __confirm the date__ of the meeting.
他又一次打电话来确认会议的日期。
⑤The President __confirmed__ that he would visit Japan the following month.
总统证实他将于下个月访问日本。
2．press vt.按，压；敦促
典型例句
Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file
你已经按下按钮来复制文件了吗？
I had to press myself against the wall to let them pass.
我得贴紧墙壁好让他们过去。
They are pressing us to make a quick decision.
他们正在敦促我们迅速做出决定。
思维拓展
(1)press...against/to...把……压/挤/贴在……
press sb. to do sth.极力劝说/敦促某人做某事
(2)press n．报纸杂志；印刷机；新闻界；出版社
pressure n．压(力)，压强；强制
blood pressure血压
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Before an exam, parents are advised to take __pressure__(press) off their children and give them some encouragement.
②Drago __pressed__(press) a button and the door closed.
判断下列句中press的含义
③The story was reported in the press and on television.__报刊__
④Christie looked relaxed and calm as he faced the press afterwards.__新闻界__
⑤A printing press is a machine used for printing things such as books and newspapers.__印刷机__
3．discount n．折扣 vt.打折
典型例句
Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.
劳拉需要一个能帮她打折的应用程序。
They’re offering a 10% discount on all sofas this month.
本月他们给沙发售价统统打九折。
They were selling all the books at a discount.
他们正把所有书打折卖。
思维拓展
at a(...) discount打(……)折扣；不受欢迎
get/give/offer a discount得到/给予/提供折扣
discounted prices/fares打折价/票价
discount shop/store折扣店
误区警示
英语中“打九折”的正确表达方式为10%discount或者10%off。
巧学妙记
dis－(不)＋count(算)→discount n. 折扣
即学即练
单句语法填空
①A number of people rushed into the supermarket when the goods were sold __at__ a discount.
完成句子
②They are selling everything __at a discount__.
他们的所有商品正在打折销售。
③They’re giving a 10% discount/a discount of 10% on all clothing this month.
本月他们的服装统统打九折出售。
④If I buy two, can you __give me a discount__？
如果我买两个，你能给我打折吗？
4．account n．账户；描述
典型例句
What’s your account number please
请问你的账户号码是什么？
He gave a detailed account of what happened on the fateful night.
他详细描述了那个灾难性夜晚所发生的事。
思维拓展
account v．说明，解释；(数量/比例上)占
account for解释，说明；(比例上)占
take account of.../take...into account考虑
on account of (＝because of)因为
on no account＝in no way决不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
When the teacher asked for the account why he was not present at school yesterday, he accounted for his absence then, but later he accounted to the teacher that on no account did he tell a lie.
当老师问起他昨天没来上学的原因时，他解释了他缺席的原因，但是后来他向老师说明他绝没有撒谎。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts __for__ about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption.
②(2019·江苏高考)Donators should take people’s essential needs __into__ account.
③It’s reported that many flights were delayed __on__ account of the bad weather.
句型转换
④I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.
→I sincerely hope that you will __take my suggestions into account/consideration __.
→I sincerely hope that you will __take account of my suggestions__.
完成句子
⑤He could not __account for__ his foolish mistake.
他无法解释他所犯的愚蠢错误。
⑥Give us __an account of__ what happened.
跟我们说一下到底发生了什么。
⑦She retired early __on account of__ ill health.
她体弱多病，所以提前退休了。
⑧The company __takes account of__ environmental issues wherever possible.
只要有可能，这家公司会考虑到环境问题。
5．target n．目标；对象；靶子 vt.把……作为攻击目标
典型例句
He’s become the target for a lot of criticism recently.
他最近成了众矢之的。
I had four shots but I didn’t even hit the target.
我开了四枪但都没打中目标。
(2019·浙江高考)Woodcutters targeted big trees.
伐木工人的目标是大树。
思维拓展
a target for sb./sth.……的攻击对象/目标
meet/achieve/reach a target完成/达到目标
on target切题，切中要害
target group目标群体
hit/miss the target完成/未完成指标
be targeted at...把……作为目标；面向，针对
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The marketing strategy targeted __at__ the old, though well organized, turn out to be a complete failure.
②Major tourist attractions are a soft target __for__ pickpockets.
完成句子
③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Who were the newspapers of the new trend __targeted at__？
新趋势报纸的目标读者是谁？
④Western experts say it will be hard to __meet/achieve/reach the target__， but China’s leaders seem determined.
西方的专家认为尽管实现这个目标很困难，但中国的领导人好像很坚定。
6．particular adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的
典型例句
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists...
科学家们对月球的另一面特别感兴趣……
I have to know exactly why it is that I’m doing a particular job.
我必须明确知道我为什么要做一项特定的工作。
Ted was very particular about the colors he used.
托德在用色上非常讲究。
I went along thinking of nothing in particular only looking at things around me.
我一路走着，没想什么特别的事，只是四下张望着。
思维拓展
(1)particular n．详细说明；个别项目
(2)in particular尤其，特别
be particular about...对……挑剔
(3)particularly adv.特殊地，特别地
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Don’t be too particular __about__ what you eat and wear; pay more attention to your study and work.
②He __particularly__(particular) enjoyed playing a trick on the three men.
③Everybody says it is worth seeing but I find nothing __in__ particular about that place.
7．upset adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的 vt.使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
典型例句
It seemed like a joke at first, but the girl was very upset.
起初，这似乎是个玩笑，但女孩很难过。
He was very upset that you didn’t reply to his letters.
你没有给他回信，他很不高兴。
It still upsets him when he thinks about the accident.
当他想到那次事故时，他仍然很沮丧。
思维拓展
be/feel upset about sth.为某事心烦
be upset that...……让人不安/心烦
upset oneself about sth.为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb. to do sth./that...让某人心烦的是……
易混辨析
upset，nervous与anxious
upset“心烦意乱的”，相当于rather unhappy；
nervous“紧张的，害怕的”，相当于rather afraid；
anxious“焦急的”，相当于worried。
即学即练
判断下列句子中upset的词性及含义
①(2021·河北辛集中学月考)Next keep in mind that forgiveness (原谅) does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upsets you.__vt.使生气，使心烦意乱__
②(2021·江西南昌两校联考)When you are nervous, angry or upset,try releasing (释放) the pressure through exercise or physical activity.__adj.心烦意乱的，难过的__
③Any changes in weather would upset our plans of driving across the desert.__vt.打乱，搅乱__
语法填空
④—What’s the mater with Rod
—I think he’s still upset __about__ failing his driving test.
⑤It upsets me __to see__(see) the river filled with plastic bags and other litter.
⑥People who have had an __upsetting__(upset) experience often dream about it afterwards (后来)．
⑦The wind __has upset__(upset) the bird’s nest since you left.
⑧__Upsetting__(upset) people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.
⑨But my parents don’t understand me, which __upsets__(upset) me.
句型转换
⑩She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.
→It __upset her__ that he had left without saying goodbye.
8．familiar adj.熟悉；熟知
典型例句
Yao Ming is a familiar star to us.
姚明是我们大家所熟悉的明星。
Are you familiar with the computer software they use
你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？
This word was not familiar to the people some decades ago.
这个词对于几十年前的人来说并不熟悉。
思维拓展
(1)be/get familiar with熟悉，通晓。其主语通常是指人的名词，with的宾语是主语通晓的事物。
be familiar to...为……所熟悉。其主语通常是人们所通晓的事物，to的宾语通常是指人的名词。
(2)unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的；不常见的
familiarity n．熟悉，精通；亲密
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·四川成都开学考)Most of us in China are used to __paying__(pay) for everything with our phones. But for foreign visitors who aren’t familiar __with__ this method, it may seem strange.
②Charles Dickens wrote over twenty novels and many of his characters are familiar __to__ today’s readers.
9．case n．盒；箱；情况；案件
典型例句
The police found the witness to the murder case.
警察找到了那个谋杀案的目击者。
This rule can’t be applied to every case.
这项规则不是所有情况都适用。
In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.
万一他在我回来前到达，请让他等我。
思维拓展
in case(以防)万一(后可接从句，也可置于句末)
in case of万一……；要是……；在……时候(后接名词或代词)
in this case如果这样的话
in that case如果那样的话
in any case无论如何
in no case决不(位于句首，句子应使用部分倒装语序)
as is often the case这是常有的事；通常就是这样
It is often the case that...情况往往是这样的……
误区警示
case，point，situation，occasion，stage等表抽象地点的名词作先行词，且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①He had his camera ready __in__ case he saw something that would make a good picture.
②Will you please give us a case __where__ the word can be used
完成句子
③Take your umbrella __in case__ it rains.
拿着你的雨伞以防下雨。
④__In case of__ fire, open this safety door.
一旦发生火灾，打开这扇安全门。
⑤__In no case__ may you leave the baby alone at home.
你决不能把孩子一个人留在家里。
重 点 短 语
1．in shape状况良好
典型例句
The longer you have been in shape in the past, the quicker you will regain fitness in future.
过去健美身形保持的时间越长，将来身材恢复得就越快。
I must get in shape, otherwise I will lose the game.
我必须保持良好的状态，否则我会输了比赛。
思维拓展
get/stay in shape保持体形
in good shape精神或身体状态好
in bad/poor shape精神或身体状态不好
out of shape身体状况不佳；走样
in the shape of...以……的形式；呈……的形状
即学即练
完成句子
①__If you want to get in shape fast__， exercise longer, not harder.
如果你想快速地保持体形，锻炼得久点，而不是更辛苦。
选词填空(in shape/in the shape of/out of shape)
②We’ve been __out of shape__ for several years, but then we try to get __in shape__ in one week!
我们身材走样好几年了，但是后来我们努力在一星期之内保持体形！
③On this important feast day, people eat food __in the shape__ of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.
在这重要的节庆日子里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。
2．keep track of掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态；与……保持联系；记录
典型例句
With eleven thousand employees, it’s very difficult to keep track of them all.
对于一支1.1万人的员工队伍，很难及时了解到所有人的动态。
I use a small notebook to keep track of all the new sentences I learn.
我用一个小笔记本记录我所学到的所有新句子。
思维拓展
track n．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道
vt.& vi.追踪；跟踪
lose track of...不了解……的情况；与……失去联系
be on the right/wrong track思路正确/错误
follow one’s tracks跟着某人的足迹走
keep to the track坚持正道
track and field田径；田径赛
on track稳步前进； 做法对头
back on track重新步入正确轨道；恢复正常
track (sb./sth.) down搜寻到；跟踪找到；追查到
track一词多义
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50 kilometer race walk...
夏季奥运会上最长的田径项目是50千米的竞走……
即学即练
单句语法填空
①His mind would wander, and he would lose track __of__ what he was doing.
完成句子
②(全国卷Ⅲ)__Keep track of your efforts__ and write down how you feel.
记录下你的努力，写下你的感受。
③I finally managed to __track down__ the book you wanted in a shop near the station.
我终于在车站附近的一家店里找到了你想要的那本书。
④If you can __follow the manager’s tracks__， maybe you can become a good salesperson and enjoy a high income.
如果你能追随经理的脚步，也许你能成为一名优秀的销售人员，并享受高薪。
3．make fun of取笑；戏弄
典型例句
A photo of her had been posted online and she was being made fun of.
她的一张照片被发布在网上，被人取笑。
He made fun of a girl wearing a strange hat at his school.
他在学校里拿一个戴奇怪的帽子的小姑娘寻开心。
思维拓展
play jokes on (＝play a joke on)开……的玩笑，戏弄
play tricks/a trick on捉弄
make a joke of sth.拿某事开玩笑
laugh at嘲笑
make a fool of愚弄；欺骗；捉弄
for fun开玩笑地；闹着玩地
have fun(with)玩得高兴，玩得开心
have fun doing sth.做某事获得快乐
in fun开玩笑地；不是认真地
fun n．享乐；乐趣；有趣的人/事物
adj.给人欢乐的；有趣的
误区警示
fun作为名词时，只能是不可数名词。
表示“有趣的事或人”时，前面通常不加冠词。
Skating is good fun.
滑冰很有趣。
Your friend is great fun.
你的朋友真逗趣。
Making toys is great fun for me.
做玩具是我的一大乐趣。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①It is bad manners to make fun __of__ the disabled.
②Children like to play tricks __on__ each other.
③The joke the naughty boy played __on__ the old man made many people angry.
④Everyone needs to take himself seriously sometimes, but learning to laugh __at__ yourself is a way to accept yourself.
⑤(浙江高考单项填空改编)I had as much fun __sailing__(sail) the seas as I now do __working__(work) with students.
完成句子
⑥Who was it that __played a trick on__ the new English teacher
是谁捉弄了新英语老师？
⑦Jane always __makes a fool of__ her younger brother.
简总是捉弄她弟弟。
⑧He could not stand __being made fun of__ in front of so many people.
他不能容忍在这么多人面前被取笑。
⑨People __make fun of__ her because she wears such a strange hat.
人们取笑她，因为她戴了一顶如此奇怪的帽子。
⑩We __had a lot of fun__ at the party.
我们在聚会中玩得很痛快。
4．keep(...)in mind 牢记
典型例句
I’ll keep your advice in mind.
我会把你的劝告记在心里。
These telephone numbers should be kept in mind.
必须记住这些电话号码。
You must constantly keep in mind that haste makes waste.
你必须常记“欲速则不达”这一谚语。
思维拓展
keep/bear...in mind记住，牢记
have...in mind考虑； 想到
with...in mind考虑到；把……搁在心上；记着
make up one’s mind下定决心
change one’s mind改变主意
bring/call...to mind想起/记起
fix one’s mind on/upon...把注意力集中在……
Do/Would you mind if...？如果……你介意吗？
mind (sb./sb.’s) doing...介意(某人)做……
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解七选五改编)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping __in__ mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
②He fixed his mind __on/upon__ his work and didn’t notice us come into the house.
③Would you mind my __coming__(come) over to your house and having a look at your new garden My little son is curious __about__ those roses you grow.
④And you also should keep it __in__ mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study.
完成句子
⑤This kind of preview will help you __keep in mind what you read .
这样的预习会帮助你记住所读到的东西。
⑥__With these data in mind__， art students need not worry about their career and have an alternative plan.
把这些数据记在心里，艺术专业的学生就不用担心他们的职业生涯了，并且他们有了另一个选择。
重 点 句 型
1．This app keeps you updated on all your favourite topics.
这个应用程序让你更新所有你最喜欢的话题。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。句中keep you updated是keep的复合宾语结构。
(2)“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见形式：
I was too tired to keep my eyes open.
我累得眼睛都睁不开了。
You should keep your hands behind your backs.
你们要把手放在背后。
A cold kept him in bed for a week.
感冒使他卧床一周。
I’m sorry. I have kept you waiting outside for so long.
对不起，我让你在外面等了那么久。
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
少说话，多观察。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself __reminded__(remind) of his own dreams.
②He kept the door __locked__(lock) all day while he was away.
③Don’t keep them __working__(work) day and night.
④It is well known to us all that a nap (小睡) is helpful to keep us __healthy__(health)．
2．However，the more polite you are，the less likely it is you will be attacked.
然而，你越有礼貌，你就越不可能受到攻击。
(1)句式分析：句中“the more polite...，the less likely...”意为“越有礼貌……就越不可能……”；
(2)“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构，该结构意为“(……)越……，(……)越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。
The more we do for people, the happier we will feel.
为人民做得越多，我们就会越幸福。
The more a man knows, the more he is inclined to be modest.
[谚]大智若愚。
The higher the ape goes, the more he shows his tail.
[谚]猴子爬得越高，尾巴越加暴露。
思维拓展
比较级的三种特殊结构：
(1)越来越……(表示本身程度的改变)：
(2)越……就越……(表示后者随着前者的变化而变化)：
the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
(3)两者中比较……的那一个：
the＋比较级＋of the two＋n.
即学即练
单句语法填空
①It’s believed that __the__ harder you work，__the__ better result you’ll get.
②The __faster__(fast) it flies, the __higher__(high) it gets.
完成句子
③The more exercise you take, __the stronger__ you will become.
锻炼得越多，你就会变得越强壮。
④__The more you eat__， the fatter you will become.
吃得越多，你就会变得越胖。
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When it comes to developing our economy, we must take environmental protection __into__ account.
2．He is rude __to__ her friends and obsessively jealous.
3．In the beginning, Tom was poor in his studies, English __in__ particular.
4．There is nothing so __embarrassing__(embarrass) when things go wrong.
5．Can you think of a situation where you once felt __embarrassed__(embarrass)
6．I added __up__ all the advantages and disadvantages and decided to take up the job.
7．These shirts are sold __at__ a discount because some sizes are not available.
8．The sign reads, “__In__ case of fire, break the glass and push the red button.”
9．The more she encouraged him, the __faster__(fast) he improved.
10．She kept her eyes __fixed__(fix) on the blackboard when having classes.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in shape，keep track of，make fun of，keep in mind，take over，click on，account for，be particular about， be familiar with，in case
1．__Keep track of__ all the progress you have made by keeping a journal of all your successes.
2．You should take your raincoat __in case__ it rains.
3．Radio and television have __taken over__ many of the functions once served by print.
4．Although most people have heard of this new technology, not everyone __is familiar with__ how it works.
5．Exercise is key to getting __in shape__ during college.
6．I tried to __click on__ the website but nothing happened.
7．We cannot __account for__ his failure in the English examination.
8．Do not __make fun of__ anyone for any reason. Teasing shows others you are weak.
9．They __are particular about__ the circumstance around them and will never be grateful to everything others did for them.
10．You should __keep in mind__ those important rules in the international trade.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Now that you __are familiar with__ the author’s ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as possible.
既然你熟悉作者的观点，试着尽可能快地读完所有章节。
2．Our manager, who __is particular about__ everything, will not accept your design unless it is truly novel.
我们的经理对一切都很挑剔，除非你的设计真的很新颖，否则他是不会接受的。
3．__A lack of__ awareness of culture difference to local customs can cause problems.
缺乏对当地风俗习惯的文化差异意识会导致很多问题。
4．Being annoyed with others easily will __do harm to__ your health, so keep a good－tempered character all the time please.
易怒对健康有害，所以请随时保持好脾气。
5．Many universities usually __forbid their students to__ live outside.
很多大学通常禁止他们的学生在校外居住。
6．Today the public is much __concerned about__ the safety of the school bus.
现今，公众非常关心校车的安全。
7．__It is rude of him__ to say such words to the little boy.
他对这个小男孩说这样的话是粗鲁的。
8．__The harder you work__， the more you will achieve.
你越努力工作，你获得的就会越多。
Ⅳ.课文与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In order to keep safe online, there are several things needing 1．__to be paid/paying__(pay) attention to.
First, when something online makes you 2．__uncomfortable__(comfortable), you should leave the site at once without making any 3．__comments__(comment) or clicking on anything. Second, you mustn’t give 4．__out__ your address or phone number to keep 5．__your__(you) privacy safe. Third, to avoid becoming a target for a troll or cyberbully, you’d better be polite online. By posting comments or questions, 6．__a__ troll intends to stir up trouble online. The cyberbully not only writes something mean, 7．__which__ is usually directed at particular people, but also posts 8．__embarrassing__(embarrass) photos and information about them. However, the 9．__more__(much) polite you are, the less likely it is you 10．__will be attacked__(attack)．
PAGE
19Section Ⅳ 写作指导
写作方法指导
写一篇关于上网安全的博客
写作储备
阅读教材P32博客，总结博客的写作特点：
Ⅰ.博客的格式
Title→Body→Ending
Ⅱ.博客的架构
标题→介绍→正文→结论→评论
Ⅲ.博客的语言特点
语言简明准确，通俗易懂，清楚明白，条理分明。
Ⅳ.关于网络安全博客的常用词汇
1．在网上与某人聊天chat with sb. online
2．在网上购物go shopping online
3．保护个人隐私protect one's own privacy
4．使上网安全keep surfing online safe
5．设置一个强密码set a strong password
6．泄露太多个人信息give out too much personal information
7．身份证号码the number of the identity card
8．私人地址及其他私人信息personal address and other personal information
Ⅴ.关于网络安全博客的常用句型
1．You shouldn't give out too much personal information while chatting online.
在网上聊天时，你不应该透露太多个人信息。
2．You should use a website that you are familiar with while shopping online.
当你在网上购物时，你应该使用一个你熟悉的网站。
3．You'd better set a strong password to keep your privacy safe.
你最好设置一个强密码来保护你的隐私。
4．You had better never/mustn't use a public computer while shopping online.
当你在网上购物时，最好不要/一定不要使用公共计算机。
5．It is important to keep yourself safe by using a strong password.
使用强密码来保护你自己是很重要的。
典例剖析
根据下列提示写一篇关于网上购物安全的博客。
1．使用一个你熟悉的网站；
2．使用一个强密码；
3．不要使用公共电脑。
注意：词数80左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.定框架→好的开始，成功的一半
体裁 说明文
人称 第一人称
时态 一般现在时
框架 A titleIntroduction→To introduce the topic of the passageBody→The advice about keeping safe while shopping onlineEnding→Making a request for comments
Ⅱ.定要点、关键词及动词时态→打造一篇要点全面、用词准确得体、时态多样的极优作文
要点一：我们不出家门就可以购物。
We_can_do_shopping_without_going_out_of_home.
要点二：我们应该使用一个我们熟悉的网站。
We_should_use_a_website_that_we_are_familiar_with.
要点三：我们不应该使用公共电脑。
We_shouldn't_use_a_public_computer.
要点四：我们应该保护好我们的隐私。
We_should_protect_our_privacy_well.
要点五：我们应该使用强密码来保护我们的财产和人身安全。
We should use a strong password to_keep_our_treasure_and_ourselves_safe.
Ⅲ.词汇、句式升级→创造极优作文的倩词靓句
升级句式一：用形容词短语“familiar to”及“be our first choice”来改写要点二
A_website_familiar_to_us_is_our_first_choice.
升级句式二：用had better＋“while”引导的时间状语从句的省略句改写并扩写要点三
We_had_better_never_use_a_public_computer_while_shopping_online.
升级句式三：用“use...to do...”结构来改写要点四
We_should_use_a_strong_password_to_protect_our_privacy_well.
升级句式四：用“it is important to do sth.”及“by＋doing”来改写要点五
It is important_to_keep_our_treasure_and ourselves_safe_by_using a strong password.
Ⅳ.组建极优作文→水到渠成的成就感：动力的源泉
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参考范文：
Keep safe while shopping online
As far as we know, the Internet is playing a more and more important role in our daily life. We can do shopping without going out of home. But how can we keep safe while shopping online
First，a website familiar to us is our first choice. Second, we'd better never use a public computer while shopping online. Last, we should use a strong password to protect our privacy well. Some persons may steal our accounts or numbers of our identity cards to steal our money or do something bad. So it is important to keep our treasure and ourselves safe online by using a strong password.
Do you have any good experiences about surfing online Or do you have any good advice for staying safe online Post your comments below, please.
即学即练
根据下列提示写一篇关于网上聊天安全的博客。
1．不要泄露太多个人信息；
2．不要独自见网友。
注意：1.可根据提示适当发挥；
2．词数80左右。
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参考范文：
Keep safe while chatting online
With the Internet becoming popular with us everyone, we all like to chat with each other online instead of chatting face to face. But, how can we keep ourselves safe while chatting online In my opinion, we should follow the following rules to keep safe while chatting online.
First, however friendly people online seem to be, you should never give out too much personal information to them. Second，always be polite while chatting online to avoid being attacked by some ill persons. Third, you mustn't meet anyone that you meet online alone. Many people were hurt by those who were met online. Anyway, people met online is not really familiar to us because their information given to us may be false. So the more careful we are, the safer we will become online.
Do you have any good experiences about chatting online Or do you have any good advice for staying safe while chatting online Post your comments below, please.
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