专题一 谓语动词的时态 2022 新高考英语二轮复习(64张PPT+讲义+习题,含答案与解析)

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名称 专题一 谓语动词的时态 2022 新高考英语二轮复习(64张PPT+讲义+习题,含答案与解析)
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专题一 谓语动词的时态 讲义
一、谓语动词的时态
1.一般现在时
(1)构成:
①第一、二人称的一般现在时通常用动词原形表示,第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es, 其变化规则如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat-eats rise-rises
以s, sh, ch, x, o, z 结尾的动词 加-es discuss-discusses teach- teaches
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为ies carry-carries fly-flies
② be的变化:am, is, are.
③ have的变化:has, have.
(2)用法:
①表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作,且常与 usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes 等表频率的时间状语连用。
John sometimes sits up very late. 约翰有时很晚才睡。
②表示客观事实或普遍现象。此用法即使出现在过去的语境中,也用一般现在时。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
③如果主句是一般将来时,那么时间、条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
If it rains tomorrow, I won't go there. 如果明天下雨,我将不去那儿。
Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
④用在以 here, there 开头的倒装句中,表示现在正发生的动作或存在的状态。
Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了!
注意:如果主语是代词,则不用倒装,如:Here it comes.
练习
1.They say that travel ______(broad) the mind.
2.He really _______(应得,值得) praise for his excellent daily performance in class.
3.A great deal of talking and listening that __________(occur) under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.
4.—Have you got any news of the exam result
—No, but I'll contact you as soon as I __________(get) it.
答案以及解析
1.答案:broadens
2.答案:deserves/deserved
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:他每天在课堂上的出色表现确实值得表扬。空处需用动词作谓语,结合汉语提示可知,deserve应得,值得,动词,符合题意;此处可以表示过去发生的事情,谓语动词需用一般过去时,也可以用一般现在时态表示每天重复的动作,主语是三单he,所以空处谓语动词需用单数deserves。故填deserves/deserved。
3.答案:occurs
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:在偶然的情况下发生的大量的交谈和倾听似乎是漫无目的的。本句陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语"A great deal of talking and listening"表示单数意义,谓语动词应用单三形式。故填occurs。
4.答案:get
解析:考查动词的时态。句意为:你有得到关于考试成绩的任何消息吗 没有,但是我一得到消息就会联系你。as soon as引导时间状语从句时,遵循主将从现的原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。故填get。
2. 一般过去时
(1)构成:
①一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed pack-packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为ied carried-carried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan-planned
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d liked-liked provide-provided
② was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他情况。
③注意以元音字母加y结尾的动词:规则变化是直接加-ed, 如 play-played; 不规则变化是把y改为id, 如:pay-paid, say-said.
④不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式,需要个别记忆,课本后页有详细完整的不规则动词表。
(2)用法:
①表示在确定的过去的时间里发生的动作。
Where did you go just now 你刚才去了哪里?
He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. 他昨天看见王先生了。
②表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。表示这种意义时,句子中常带有 every day, often,usually,always,sometimes 等时间状语。
Mrs. Peter went to the park to have a walk every day last year, 彼得太太去年每天都到公园去散步。
I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 我上学时每周去看一场电影。
③表示过去连续发生的动作。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来判断。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then closed his eyes. 那个男孩把眼睛睁开了一会儿,看了看船长,然后就闭上了眼睛。
She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.
她早早起床、提水,打扫房间,然后出去散步。
④在表示时间、条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
They said they would let me know as soon as they got there. 他们说只要他们一到那儿就会马上通知我。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说如果下雨他就不去。
⑤一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。
She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天她突然病倒了。
练习
1.因为他那时对我那般友善关心, 我失控哭了起来。
Because he was being so kind and concerned, I _____________.
2.他谈起其他文化时似乎比对他自己的文化还要熟悉。
He talked of other cultures as if they ____________________ than his own.
3.幸运的是,医生治愈了小女孩的病。
Luckily, the doctors _________ the girl _________ her disease.
4.大火蔓延得非常快,但幸运的是房间里每个人都得以逃脱。
The fire spread very fast, but luckily everyone in the room _______ _______ _______ escape.
答案以及解析
1.答案:broke down and cried
2.答案:were more familiar to him
3.答案:cured ;of
解析:考查时态和固定用法。描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;cure sb. of sth. 治愈(某人)的(病),该用法是固定用法,所以填(1). cured (2). of
4.答案:was able to
3. 一般将来时
(1)构成:
①will/ shall+动词原形
②is/am/are going to+动词原形
③is/am/are about to+动词原形
④is/am/are to+动词原形
⑤is/am/are due to+动词原形
⑥某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式
(2)用法:
①will
表示将来的习惯性动作或状态;
Spring will come again. 春天还会再来。
He will be here in an hour. 他一个小时后到这里。
表示将来发生的一次性动作;
If you don't hurry, you will miss the train. 如果你不快点儿,你就会赶不上火车。
表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势;
Fish will die without water. 离开水,鱼就会死。
表示偶然的、临时的决定。
-Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town
-No. I will go and visit him right now.
-你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗?
-不知道。我马上就去看他。
②be going to
用在口语中,表示“计划、打算要做某事”, 此外,be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。
He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他今晚要在电视上演讲。
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看这些乌云,要下雨了。
③be about to/be on the point of +动名词
表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”,这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但可以和并列连词 when (=and at this/that time)引出的分句连用
The train is about to start. 火车就要开了。
I'm not about to stop when I'm so close to success. 在这样接近成功时,我不打算就此罢手。
④ be to
表示“按计划或安排要做的事”;
When are you to leave for home 你什么时候回家?
表示要求做某事,意为“应该”, 相当于should, ought to;
You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。
表示“想,打算”, 相当于 intend, want。
If we are to be there before ten, we'll have to go now.
如果我们要在10点前到那儿,我们现在就得走。
⑤ be due to
表示“预定、定于”;
They are due to meet again tomorrow. 他们定于明天再见面。
有些动词,如 come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start 等,其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作;
I'm leaving for Beijing next month. 下个月我要动身去北京。
某些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情,这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、电影开演时刻表、作息安排等。
We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o'clock. 我们必须快点儿。第一节课将在8点开始。
练习:
1.If you double-click on the icon, the web page ________________(appear) on the screen.
2.I ________________(return) the book to you as soon as I finish it.
3.—Did you tell Julia about the result
—Oh, no. I forgot. I ____________(call) her now.
4.The days we have been looking forward to ________ (come) soon.
5.There are many dark clouds in the sky as if it ___________ (rain).
答案以及解析
1.答案:will appear
2.答案:will return
3.答案:will call
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:——你告诉朱莉娅结果了吗 ——哦,不,我忘了。我现在就给她打电话。此处表示临时的决定,用“will+动词原形”。
4.答案:will come
解析:句意:我们一直盼望的日子很快就要来了。考查动词的时态。主句的主语是 The days,设空处在主句中作谓语, we have been looking forward to为定语从句,根据语境及soon可知,应用一般将来时。
5.答案:is going to rain
4. 现在进行时
(1)构成:
is/am/are +现在分词
(2)用法:
①表示现在(说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作或状态,常与 now,right now,at this moment,at present等时间状语连用。
We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。
②表示现阶段发生的动作,说话时该动作未必正在进行。
He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书。
③表示将要发生的动作,此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用,多指按计划、安排好的事情。
I'm meeting my father at the station at 5 o'clock. 我五点要去车站接我的父亲。
④表示渐变,有些动词,如 come,go,leave,start,begin,stop,arrive,return等的进行时表示逐渐变化的过程。
It is getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气越来越暖和了。
⑤表示动作的反复。进行时与 always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的厌烦、喜爱等感彩。
You are always changing your mind. 你总是不停地改变主意。 (不满)
She's always helping people. 她总是乐意帮助别人。(赞扬)
The boy is constantly lying. 这个男孩老是撤谎。(厌烦)
⑥不能用进行时态的动词。
感觉类:look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear等。
The soup tastes good. (不可说:The soup is tasting good.) 这汤尝起来不错。
Your hands feel cold. (不可说:Your hands are feeling cold.)你的手摸起来很凉。
情感类:like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore等。
I love my dad and mum. (不可说:I am loving my dad and mum.)我爱我的爸爸妈妈。
心态类:wish,hope,want,need,believe,understand,agree,know,remember,forget等。
I don't believe my eyes. (不可说:I am not believing my eyes.) 我不相信我的眼睛。
存在状态类:appear,lie (位于),remain,belong,have等。
Those books belong to Mr. Li. (不可说:Those books are belonging to Mr. Li.)那些书是李先生的。
练习:
1.Our vacation _____ (approach), but we still can't decide where to go.
2.The students of our class ____________(visit) the museum now.
3.Hurry up! The train ____________(leave).
4.This song sounds very pleasant. Let's go upstairs and see who ___________(sing).
5.When’s food I’m ___________(starve).
答案以及解析
1.答案:is approaching
解析:句意为:假期临近,但我们还没决定去哪儿度假。approach在此作动词用,意为"临近"。由后半句的but we still can't decide可推知假期临近了,设空处需用现在进行时表示将来意义,故填is approaching。
2.答案:are visiting
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:现在我们班的学生正在参观博物馆。根据时间状语now可知此处表示现在正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时。
3.答案:is leaving
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:快点!火车就要离开了。少数动词,如:go、 come、 leave、 arrive、 return、 begin等,其现在进行时可以表示“马上就……”。
4.答案:is singing
解析:考查现在进行时。句意:这首歌听起来很悦耳。让我们上楼看看谁在唱歌。根据句意可知,本空表示现在正在发生的动作,故应用现在进行时。
5.答案:starving
解析:考查动词时态。句意:什么时候有食物 我正挨饿。表示现在进行时,故填starving.
5. 过去进行时
(1)构成:was/were +现在分词
(2)用法:
①表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作,常有表过去时间的状语(从句)
The last time I saw Jane, she was picking cotton in the fields.
我最后一次见简时,她正在地里摘棉花。
②表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。常用的时间状语有this morning,the whole morning,all day,from nine to ten等
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点我们在看电视。
③用过去进行时表过去将来时,与现在进行时表将来相同,表示过去将要发生的动作,常用动词有go,come,stay,leave等
She asked him whether he was coming back for supper.
她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。
④表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作,常与副词 always,constantly,continually,frequently 等连用,常常带有说话人的某种感彩
His mother was always working like that.
他母亲总是那样工作。
练习:
1.He said the train ________________(leave) at six the next morning.
2.The children __________(play) football happily on the playground when it began to rain heavily.
答案以及解析
1.答案:was leaving
2.答案:were playing
6. 现在完成时
(1)构成:has/have +过去分词
(2)用法:
①表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有:lately,recently,in the last (past) few days/ years,since then,up to now,so far等
In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
②表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有:already,ever,just (刚刚),yet,before等
He has turned off the light. (=The light is off now.)
他已经关掉灯了。
③在“最高级+名词”或“It/This is+ the+序数词+time”之后的从句中,谓语动词常用现在完成时
This is the first time (that) I have come here.
这是我第一次来这里。
④have gone to 意为“去某地了”, 表示此人现在还没回来
He has gone to the zoo.
他去动物园了。
⑤have been to 意为“去过某地”, 表示此人已经回来了
Have you ever been to Shanghai
你去过上海吗?
⑥“It has been/is+一段时间+since. . . ”意为“自从……以来已有多长时间”
It has been weeks since I saw Grandma.
我已经好几个星期没有见到祖母了。
⑦瞬间动词可以用于完成时态,但不可以接表示一段时间的状语
(√)He has finished his work.
(×)He has finished his work for an hour.
注意:
瞬间动词若用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变化。如:
他参军3年了。
(×)He has joined the army for 3 years.
(√)He has been in the army for 3 years. (变换动词)
(√)He joined the army 3 years ago. (变换时态)
(√)It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army. (变换句型)
练习:
1.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice_____(increase) only 7 percent.
2.The musician along with his band members _______________ (give) ten performances in the last three months.
3.You don't need to describe her. I ________________(meet) her several times.
4.They have been discussing the problem for two hours, but they ______ (not reach) any result yet.
5.My car _____________(behave) well since it was repaired.
答案以及解析
1.答案:has increased
解析:句意为:在过去的25年里,玉米产量增长了近125%,而大米产量只增长了7%。根据时间状语 over the past 25 years 可知,本句的谓语动词要用现在完成时,故填has increased。
2.答案:has given
解析:句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演。根据时间状语in the last three months可知,谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时;along with连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故填has given。
3.答案:have met
4.答案:haven't reached
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:他们已经讨论这个问题两个小时了,但还没有得出任何结果。根据句意可知此处强调对现在的影响或产生的结果,因此用现在完成时。
5.答案:has behaved
解析:句意为:我的汽车自修理后一直运行正常。由since it was repaired可知主句用现在完成时,故填has behaved。
7. 过去将来时
(1)构成:
①should/would+动词原形
②was/were going to+动词原形
③was/were about to+动词原形
④was/were to+动词原形
⑤was/were due to+动词原形
⑥was/were +to have done
(2)用法:
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
He said he would be here at eight o'clock.
他说他将在八点钟到这里。
He told me he was leaving in an hour.
他告诉我他一小时后就要走了。
I was about to take a bath when the telephone rang.
我正要洗澡时电话铃响了。
He told me he was to get married the next week.
他告诉我他下周结婚。
练习:
1.Jenny said she _____ (spend) her holiday in China.
2.Li Ming said he _______________ (be) happy if Brian come to China next month.
答案:
1.答案:would spend
解析:考查过去将来时。句意:珍妮说她明年夏天将在中国度过她的假期。此处表示过去将要做的事情, 故用过去将来时。
2.答案:would be
解析:考查过去将来时。句意:李明说如果布赖恩下个月来中国, 他将会很高兴。根据句意可知, 应填 would be。
8. 将来进行时
(1)构成:will/shall be doing
(2)用法:
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作
At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach.
明天这个时间,我正躺在沙滩上。
练习:
1.I can't invite you to dinner this weekend as I ____________(paint) my house at that moment.
2.He _______________(write) his doctoral dissertation(博士学位论文) during May as graduation draws near.
答案:
1.答案:will be painting
解析:考查时态。此处表示将来一段时间内正在发生的动作,故用将来进行时。
2.答案:will be writing
解析:结合句意并根据时间状语 during May可知,此处表示将来某一时间段内持续进行的动作,故应用将来进行时。
9. 过去完成时
(1)构成:had +过去分词
(2)用法:
①一件事情发生在过去,而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”) , 那么发生在前的动作要用过去完成时。
He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他说他在国外待了3年。
②表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语有:by/until/before/by the end of+过去的某一时间。
By then he had learned English for 3 years.
到那时,他已学了3年英语。
③hope,expect,mean,intend,want的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.
我本希望在上海多看看。 (但未能如愿)
④在“Hardly/Scarcely/Barely. . .when. . .”和“No sooner. . .than. . .”句型中,when和 than从句里用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,且用倒装,表示“刚……就……”
Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.
我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。
⑤在“It was/had been+一段时间+since从句”中,since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们有10年没那么高兴过了。
⑥在“That/It/This was the first/second/. . .time + that从句”句型中,that从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
那是他第三次犯同样的错误。
练习:
1.I ______ (mean) to take a good holiday this year, but I was not able to leave.
2.I began collecting stamps in February and by November I _____ (collect) more than 2,000.
答案:
1.答案:had meant
解析:句意:我本打算今年好好去度假,却无法脱身。表示过去的打算,发生在第二个分句谓语动词所表示的动作之前,故用过去完成时。
2.答案:had collected
解析:句意:我从2月份开始集邮,到11月已收集到了2000多枚。根据时间状语by November可知,此处指11月之前的情况,指过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
10.现在完成进行时
(1)构成:have/has been doing
(2)用法:
表示某一动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在(这个动作可能刚停止,也可能还在进行), 不少情况下表示与现在状态有联系,有时表示动作的重复等。
Since the Lunar New Year, the number of bikes has been growing rapidly.
自从农历新年以来,自行车的数量一直在快速增长。
练习:
1.I often _____ (meet) her at the library. I believe that I will meet her again today.
2.We ______ (work) on this project for four hours. Let's have a rest.
答案以及解析
1.答案:have been meeting
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:我经常在图书馆遇见她。我相信今天我还会再见到她。表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复发生的动作应用现在完成进行时。
2.答案:have been working
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:我们已经为这个项目工作了四个小时了。让我们休息一下。根据句意可知"work"这一动作发生在过去,并一直持续到现在,有可能持续下去,因此使用现在完成进行时。
二、动词的时态解题技巧
1.根据明显的时间标志确定动词的时态
有些题目通常有较明显的时间标志词,可能是明确的时间状语,也可能是动词、动词短语等标志词,而这些标志性词汇是考生判断时态的重要线索和依据。
(1)若句中出现 always,usually,every day/night/morning evening,sometimes,often等词或短语时,则用一般现在时。
(2)若句中出现 yesterday,last week/month/year,just now,the other day,in1997,…years ago,the day before yesterday等词或短语时,则用一般过去时。
(3)若句中出现look,now,at present,at this moment,these days等词或短语时,则用现在进行时。
练习:
Now she (be)planning our schedule for the trip.
答案:is。句意:现在她正在为旅行制订我们的时间表。根据时间状语Now可知用现在进行时。
(4)若句中出现then,at that time,those days等词或短语时,则用过去进行时。
(5)若句中出现 next week,in the future,later on,the day after tomorrow等词或短语时,则用一般将来时。
(6)若句中出现for…,since…,lately,recently,up to/till now,over/in the past…years,since then,ever since等词或短语时,则用现在完成时。
练习:
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
答案:have reported。句意:近年来,努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说,在人类居住地附近看到熊的次数有所增加,这让人们以为熊的数量正在增加。根据时间状语 In recent years可知,本句应用现在完成时。
(7)若句中出现 by then,by that time,until then,by the end of 2012等词或短语时,则用过去完成时。
2. 根据主从复合句中前后时态的呼应确定动词的时态
(1)主句和状语从句时态的呼应。
在含有when,before,after,as soon as,until,wher引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中以及在含有if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表示将来。
练习:
When summer (come),they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!
答案:comes。句意:当夏天来临时,他们会邀请他们的学生去摘新鲜蔬菜!主句部分为一般将来时,所以此处的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表将来意义。
(2)主句与宾语从句时态的呼应。
当主句是现在时态或将来时态时,从句可用任何所需的时态。当主句是过去时态时,若从句与主句的动作同时发生,从句需用一般过去时或过去进行时;若从句描述的是一般真理或客观事实,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。
(3)主句与定语从句时态的呼应。
定语从句中的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。
3.根据一些固定句式确定动词的时态
英语有一些句式的时态常常很固定,如果题干中出现这类句式,考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。
(1)It is the first/second/…time that sb.have/has done…
(2)It was the first/second/....time that sb had done…
(3)Sb.was/were doing sth.when…did…
(4)Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when…did…
(5)Sb.be about to do sth.when...did
(6)It's(high)time that sb.did sth/should do sth
练习:
It was the second time that we (visit)the Great Wall.
答案:had visited。句意:这是我们第二次参观长城。根据固定句式“It was the first/second/
…time sb.had done..”可知答案为 had visited。
三、易混时态的区别
1. 一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别
一般过去时单纯谈过去的事,与现在没有联系;而现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系,或是对现在有影响。例如:
He wrote many plays when he was at college. (写剧本是他过去做的事)
He has written many plays. (这意味着他现在是剧作家)
2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别
(1)一般过去时是指过去的动作或情况,而过去完成时指过去的一个动作或时间之前发生的事。
He had learned 3, 000 English words before he came to this school.
他来这个学校之前就已经学了3, 000个英语单词。
(2)过去完成时的时间状语常用by或before引导的短语或句子表示,如 by that time, by the end of, before 2010,by the time+句子(一般过去时)等。
He had finished writing the book by the end of last month.
到上个月月底,他已经写完这本书了。
3. 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别
两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用,但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作(句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语), 而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作(句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语)。比较下面的说法:
She had been ill for a week before she came back.
(“回来”发生在过去某一时间,“生病”发生在这一时间之前,即过去的过去)
She has been ill for a week.(现在仍然病着)专题一 谓语动词的时态 习题2
1.The teacher, as well as his students, ____________ (sing) a song when I passed the classroom.
2.I _____ (plan) to buy a video camera, but I was $100 short.
3.When I got up this morning, I found that the rain _____ (stop) and the sun was shining.
4.It was the first time he _____ (be) to Qingdao.
5.By the time the messenger reached him, the damage ____________ (happen).
6.I found the lecture hard to follow because it ______ (start) when I arrived.
7.The printer _________(work) properly for three weeks, which seriously affects our work efficiency.
8.Tom _________(work) in the library every night over the last three months.
9.Lately I _________(think) about changing my job since I _________(become) dissatisfied with the working conditions at my company.
10.As GRE is approaching, she _________(burn) the midnight oil to prepare for it since January.
11.I graduated from Beijing Foreign Studies University in 1998, and I _________(teach) English literature since.
12.The rich businessman ______(found) a school in the town where he was born and named it after his first teacher.
13.In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ______ (not use) by then.
14.A water pipe _________(burst) and the entire apartment was flooded.
15.Jane ______(marry) to Harry for a long time.
答案以及解析
1.答案:was singing
2.答案:had planned
3.答案:had stopped
4.答案:had been
5.答案:had happened
6.答案:had started
解析:句意:我发现这个讲座很难听懂,因为我到的时候它已经开始了。 arrived是过去的动作,start所表示的动作发生在 arrived之前,表示"过去的过去",应用过去完成时。
7.答案:hasn't been working
解析:句意:这台打印机已有三个星期运作不正常了,这严重影响了我们的工作效率。根据时间状语并结合句意可知,此处表示发生在过去并一直持续到现在的动作,故应用现在完成进行时。导致工作效率受影响应指打印机没有正常运转,故应用其否定形式,故填hasn't been working。
8.答案:has been working
解析: 句意:在最近的三个月,Tom每天晚上都在图书馆工作。"工作"是这三个月内重复发生的动作,故应用现在完成进行时。
9.答案:have been thinking;have become
解析:句意:最近我一直在考虑换工作,因为我对公司的工作条件已经变得不满意了。第一个空表示最近重复发生的动作,故应用现在完成进行时;第二个空表示"已经变得",强调结果,应用现在完成时。
10.答案:has been burning
解析:句意:随着CRE的临近,从一月以来她一直在熬夜准备考试。表示发生在过去并一直持续到现在的动作,应用现在完成进行时。
11.答案:have been teaching
解析:句意:我1998年毕业于北京外国语大学,从那时以来一直教英国文学。"教"的动作发生在过去,一直持续到现在,并有可能持续下去,因此应用现在完成进行时。
12.答案:founded
13.答案:hadn't been used
解析:考查过去完成时的被动语态。根据句中的 In the 1950s和 by then可知,空处应用过去完成时;又因为wireless phones与use之间为被动关系,所以空处填 hadn't been used。
14.答案:burst
解析:考查单词填空.根据句意及句子结构,要填入burst,根据下文中的was,要用一般过去时,burst的过去式与原形相同.
15.答案:has been married(共64张PPT)
专题一
谓语动词的时态
01
02
03
动词的时态解题技巧
易混时态的区别
MENU
谓语动词的时态
01
谓语动词的时态
重点考点:一般现在时;一般过去时;现在完成时
1.一般现在时
(1)构成:
①第一、二人称的一般现在时通常用动词原形表示,第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es, 其变化规则如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat-eats rise-rises
以s, sh, ch, x, o, z 结尾的动词 加-es discuss-discusses
teach- teaches
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为ies carry-carries fly-flies
② be的变化:am, is, are. ③ have的变化:has, have.
(2)用法:
①表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作,且常与 usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes 等表频率的时间状语连用。
【例】
John sometimes sits up very late. 约翰有时很晚才睡。
②表示客观事实或普遍现象。此用法即使出现在过去的语境中,也用一般现在时。
【例】
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
③如果主句是一般将来时,那么时间、条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
【例】
If it rains tomorrow, I won't go there. 如果明天下雨,我将不去那儿。
Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
④用在以 here, there 开头的倒装句中,表示现在正发生的动作或存在的状态。
【例】 Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了!
注意:如果主语是代词,则不用倒装,如:Here it comes.
练习
1.They say that travel ______(broad) the mind.
2.He really _______(应得,值得) praise for his excellent daily performance in class.
3.A great deal of talking and listening that __________(occur) under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.
4.—Have you got any news of the exam result
—No, but I'll contact you as soon as I __________(get) it.
答案以及解析
1.答案:broadens
2.答案:deserves/deserved
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:他每天在课堂上的出色表现确实值得表扬。空处需用动词作谓语,结合汉语提示可知,deserve应得,值得,动词,符合题意;此处可以表示过去发生的事情,谓语动词需用一般过去时,也可以用一般现在时态表示每天重复的动作,主语是三单he,所以空处谓语动词需用单数deserves。故填deserves/deserved。
3.答案:occurs
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:在偶然的情况下发生的大量的交谈和倾听似乎是漫无目的的。本句陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语"A great deal of talking and listening"表示单数意义,谓语动词应用单三形式。故填occurs。
4.答案:get
解析:考查动词的时态。句意为:你有得到关于考试成绩的任何消息吗 没有,但是我一得到消息就会联系你。as soon as引导时间状语从句时,遵循主将从现的原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。故填get。
2. 一般过去时
(1)构成:
①一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed pack-packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为ied carried-carried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan-planned
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d liked-liked
provide-provided
② was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他情况。
③注意以元音字母加y结尾的动词:规则变化是直接加-ed, 如 play-played; 不规则变化是把y改为id, 如:pay-paid, say-said.
④不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式,需要个别记忆,课本后页有详细完整的不规则动词表。
(2)用法:
①表示在确定的过去的时间里发生的动作。
【例】 Where did you go just now 你刚才去了哪里?
He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. 他昨天看见王先生了。
②表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。表示这种意义时,句子中常带有 every day,often,usually,always,sometimes 等时间状语。
【例】 Mrs. Peter went to the park to have a walk every day last year.彼得太太去年每天都到公园去散步。
I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.
我上学时每周去看一场电影。
③表示过去连续发生的动作。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来判断。
【例】
The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then closed his eyes. 那个男孩把眼睛睁开了一会儿,看了看船长,然后就闭上了眼睛。
④在表示时间、条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
【例】
They said they would let me know as soon as they got there. 他们说只要他们一到那儿就会马上通知我。
⑤一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。
【例】 She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天她突然病倒了。
练习
1.因为他那时对我那般友善关心, 我失控哭了起来。
Because he was being so kind and concerned, I _____________.
2.他谈起其他文化时似乎比对他自己的文化还要熟悉。
He talked of other cultures as if they ____________________ than his own.
3.幸运的是,医生治愈了小女孩的病。
Luckily, the doctors _________ the girl _________ her disease.
4.大火蔓延得非常快,但幸运的是房间里每个人都得以逃脱。
The fire spread very fast, but luckily everyone in the room _______ _______ _______ escape.
答案以及解析
1.答案:broke down and cried
2.答案:were more familiar to him
3.答案:cured ;of
解析:考查时态和固定用法。描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;cure sb. of sth. 治愈(某人)的(病),该用法是固定用法,所以填(1). cured (2). of
4.答案:was able to
3. 一般将来时
(1)构成:
①will/ shall+动词原形
②is/am/are going to+动词原形
③is/am/are about to+动词原形
④is/am/are to+动词原形
⑤is/am/are due to+动词原形
⑥某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式
(2)用法:
①will
表示将来的习惯性动作或状态;
【例】 Spring will come again. 春天还会再来。
He will be here in an hour. 他一个小时后到这里。
表示将来发生的一次性动作;
If you don't hurry, you will miss the train.
如果你不快点儿,你就会赶不上火车。
表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势;
【例】 Fish will die without water. 离开水,鱼就会死。
表示偶然的、临时的决定。
【例】
-Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town
-No. I will go and visit him right now.
-你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗?
-不知道。我马上就去看他。
②be going to
用在口语中,表示“计划、打算要做某事”,此外,be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。
【例】
He is going to speak on TV this evening.
他今晚要在电视上演讲。
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
看这些乌云,要下雨了。
③be about to/be on the point of +动名词
表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”,这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但可以和并列连词 when (=and at this/that time)引出的分句连用
【例】
The train is about to start. 火车就要开了。
I'm not about to stop when I'm so close to success. 在这样接近成功时,我不打算就此罢手。
④ be to
表示“按计划或安排要做的事”;
【例】
When are you to leave for home 你什么时候回家?
表示要求做某事,意为“应该”, 相当于should, ought to;
【例】
You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。
表示“想,打算”, 相当于 intend, want。
【例】
If we are to be there before ten, we'll have to go now.
如果我们要在10点前到那儿,我们现在就得走。
⑤ be due to
表示“预定、定于”;
【例】 They are due to meet again tomorrow. 他们定于明天再见面。
有些动词,如 come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start 等,其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作;
【例】 I'm leaving for Beijing next month. 下个月我要动身去北京。
某些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情,这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、电影开演时刻表、作息安排等。
【例】 We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o'clock.
我们必须快点儿。第一节课将在8点开始。
练习:
1.If you double-click on the icon, the web page ________________(appear) on the screen.
2.I ________________(return) the book to you as soon as I finish it.
3.—Did you tell Julia about the result
—Oh, no. I forgot. I ____________(call) her now.
4.The days we have been looking forward to ________ (come) soon.
5.There are many dark clouds in the sky as if it ___________ (rain).
答案以及解析
1.答案:will appear
2.答案:will return
3.答案:will call
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:——你告诉朱莉娅结果了吗 ——哦,不,我忘了。我现在就给她打电话。此处表示临时的决定,用“will+动词原形”。
4.答案:will come
解析:句意:我们一直盼望的日子很快就要来了。考查动词的时态。主句的主语是 The days,设空处在主句中作谓语, we have been looking forward to为定语从句,根据语境及soon可知,应用一般将来时。
5.答案:is going to rain

4. 现在进行时
(1)构成:is/am/are +现在分词
(2)用法:①表示现在(说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作或状态,常与 now,right now,at this moment,at present等时间状语连用。
【例】 We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。
②表示现阶段发生的动作,说话时该动作未必正在进行。
【例】 He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书。
③表示将要发生的动作,此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用,多指按计划、安排好的事情。
【例】 I'm meeting my father at the station at 5 o'clock.
我五点要去车站接我的父亲。
③表示将要发生的动作,此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用,多指按计划、安排好的事情。
【例】 I'm meeting my father at the station at 5 o'clock. 我五点要去车站接我的父亲。
④表示渐变,有些动词,如 come,go,leave,start,begin,stop,arrive,return等的进行时表示逐渐变化的过程。
【例】 It is getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气越来越暖和了。
⑤表示动作的反复。进行时与 always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的厌烦、喜爱等感彩。
【例】 You are always changing your mind. 你总是不停地改变主意。 (不满)
She's always helping people. 她总是乐意帮助别人。(赞扬)
The boy is constantly lying. 这个男孩老是撤谎。(厌烦)
⑥不能用进行时态的动词。
感觉类:look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear等。
【例】
The soup tastes good. (不可说:The soup is tasting good.)
这汤尝起来不错。
Your hands feel cold. (不可说:Your hands are feeling cold.)
你的手摸起来很凉。
情感类:like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore等。
【例】
I love my dad and mum. (不可说:I am loving my dad and mum.)
我爱我的爸爸妈妈。
心态类:wish,hope,want,need,believe,understand,agree,know,remember,forget等。
【例】
I don't believe my eyes. (不可说:I am not believing my eyes.)
我不相信我的眼睛。
存在状态类:appear,lie (位于),remain,belong,have等。
【例】
Those books belong to Mr. Li. (不可说:Those books are belonging to Mr. Li.) 那些书是李先生的。
练习:
1.Our vacation _____ (approach), but we still can't decide where to go.
2.The students of our class ____________(visit) the museum now.
3.Hurry up! The train ____________(leave).
4.This song sounds very pleasant. Let's go upstairs and see who ___________(sing).
5.When’s food I’m ___________(starve).
答案以及解析
1.答案:is approaching
解析:句意为:假期临近,但我们还没决定去哪儿度假。approach在此作动词用,意为"临近"。由后半句的but we still can't decide可推知假期临近了,设空处需用现在进行时表示将来意义,故填is approaching。
2.答案:are visiting
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:现在我们班的学生正在参观博物馆。根据时间状语now可知此处表示现在正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时。
3.答案:is leaving
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:快点!火车就要离开了。少数动词,如:go、 come、 leave、 arrive、 return、 begin等,其现在进行时可以表示“马上就……”。
4.答案:is singing
解析:考查现在进行时。句意:这首歌听起来很悦耳。让我们上楼看看谁在唱歌。根据句意可知,本空表示现在正在发生的动作,故应用现在进行时。
5.答案:starving
解析:考查动词时态。句意:什么时候有食物 我正挨饿。表示现在进行时,故填starving.
5. 过去进行时
(1)构成:was/were +现在分词
(2)用法:
①表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作,常有表过去时间的状语(从句)
【例】 The last time I saw Jane, she was picking cotton in the fields.
我最后一次见简时,她正在地里摘棉花。
②表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。常用的时间状语有this morning,the whole morning,all day,from nine to ten等
【例】 We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点我们在看电视。
③用过去进行时表过去将来时,与现在进行时表将来相同,表示过去将要发生的动作,常用动词有go,come,stay,leave等
【例】 She asked him whether he was coming back for supper.
她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。
④表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作,常与副词 always,constantly,continually,frequently 等连用,常常带有说话人的某种感彩
【例】 His mother was always working like that.
他母亲总是那样工作。
练习:
1.He said the train ________________(leave) at six the next morning.
2.The children __________(play) football happily on the playground when it began to rain heavily.
答案以及解析
1.答案:was leaving
2.答案:were playing
6. 现在完成时
(1)构成:has/have +过去分词
(2)用法:
①表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有:lately,recently,in the last (past) few days/ years,since then,up to now,so far等
【例】 In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
②表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有:already,ever,just(刚刚),yet,before等
【例】 He has turned off the light. (=The light is off now.)
他已经关掉灯了。
③在“最高级+名词”或“It/This is+ the+序数词+time”之后的从句中,谓语动词常用现在完成时
【例】
This is the first time (that) I have come here.
这是我第一次来这里。
④have gone to 意为“去某地了”, 表示此人现在还没回来
【例】
He has gone to the zoo.
他去动物园了。
⑤have been to 意为“去过某地”, 表示此人已经回来了
【例】
Have you ever been to Shanghai
你去过上海吗?
⑥“It has been/is+一段时间+since. . . ”意为“自从……以来已有多长时间”
【例】 It has been weeks since I saw Grandma. 我已经好几个星期没有见到祖母了。
⑦瞬间动词可以用于完成时态,但不可以接表示一段时间的状语
【例】 (√)He has finished his work.
(×)He has finished his work for an hour.
注意:
瞬间动词若用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变化。
【例】
他参军3年了。
(×)He has joined the army for 3 years.
(√)He has been in the army for 3 years. (变换动词)
(√)He joined the army 3 years ago. (变换时态)
(√)It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army. (变换句型)
练习:
1.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice_____(increase) only 7 percent.
2.The musician along with his band members _______________ (give) ten performances in the last three months.
3.You don't need to describe her. I ________________(meet) her several times.
4.They have been discussing the problem for two hours, but they ______ (not reach) any result yet.
5.My car _____________(behave) well since it was repaired.
1.答案:has increased
解析:句意为:在过去的25年里,玉米产量增长了近125%,而大米产量只增长了7%。根据时间状语 over the past 25 years 可知,本句的谓语动词要用现在完成时,故填has increased。
2.答案:has given
解析:句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演。根据时间状语in the last three months可知,谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时;along with连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故填has given。
3.答案:have met
4.答案:haven't reached
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:他们已经讨论这个问题两个小时了,但还没有得出任何结果。根据句意可知此处强调对现在的影响或产生的结果,因此用现在完成时。
5.答案:has behaved
7. 过去将来时
(1)构成:
①should/would+动词原形
②was/were going to+动词原形
③was/were about to+动词原形
④was/were to+动词原形
⑤was/were due to+动词原形
⑥was/were +to have done
(2)用法:
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
【例】 He said he would be here at eight o'clock.
他说他将在八点钟到这里。
He told me he was leaving in an hour.
他告诉我他一小时后就要走了。
I was about to take a bath when the telephone rang.
我正要洗澡时电话铃响了。
He told me he was to get married the next week.
他告诉我他下周结婚。
When he knocked on the door I was about ___________ (leave) for Shanghai.
to leave
练习:
1.Jenny said she _____ (spend) her holiday in China.
2.Li Ming said he _______________ (be) happy if Brian come to China next month.
答案:
1.答案:would spend
解析:考查过去将来时。句意:珍妮说她明年夏天将在中国度过她的假期。此处表示过去将要做的事情, 故用过去将来时。
2.答案:would be
解析:考查过去将来时。句意:李明说如果布赖恩下个月来中国, 他将会很高兴。根据句意可知, 应填 would be。
8. 将来进行时
(1)构成:will/shall be doing
(2)用法:
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作
【例】
At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach.
明天这个时间,我正躺在沙滩上。
练习:
练习:
1.I can't invite you to dinner this weekend as I ____________(paint) my house at that moment.
2.He _______________(write) his doctoral dissertation(博士学位论文) during May as graduation draws near.
答案:
1.答案:will be painting
解析:考查时态。此处表示将来一段时间内正在发生的动作,故用将来进行时。
2.答案:will be writing
解析:结合句意并根据时间状语 during May可知,此处表示将来某一时间段内持续进行的动作,故应用将来进行时。
9. 过去完成时
(1)构成:had +过去分词
(2)用法:①一件事情发生在过去,而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”) , 那么发生在前的动作要用过去完成时。
【例】
He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他说他在国外待了3年。
②表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语有:by/until/before/by the end of+过去的某一时间。
【例】
By then he had learned English for 3 years. 到那时,他已学了3年英语。
③hope,expect,mean,intend,want的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.
我本希望在上海多看看。 (但未能如愿)
④在“Hardly/Scarcely/Barely. . .when. . .”和“No sooner. . .than. . .”句型中,when和 than从句里用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,且用倒装,表示“刚……就……”
Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.
我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。
⑤在“It was/had been+一段时间+since从句”中,since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时
【例】
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们有10年没那么高兴过了。
⑥在“That/It/This was the first/second/. . .time + that从句”句型中,that从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时
【例】
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
那是他第三次犯同样的错误。
练习:
1.I ______ (mean) to take a good holiday this year, but I was not able to leave.
2.I began collecting stamps in February and by November I _____ (collect) more than 2,000.
答案:
1.答案:had meant
解析:句意:我本打算今年好好去度假,却无法脱身。表示过去的打算,发生在第二个分句谓语动词所表示的动作之前,故用过去完成时。
2.答案:had collected
解析:句意:我从2月份开始集邮,到11月已收集到了2000多枚。根据时间状语by November可知,此处指11月之前的情况,指过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
10.现在完成进行时
(1)构成:have/has been doing
(2)用法:
表示某一动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在(这个动作可能刚停止,也可能还在进行), 不少情况下表示与现在状态有联系,有时表示动作的重复等。
【例】
Since the Lunar New Year, the number of bikes has been growing rapidly.
自从农历新年以来,自行车的数量一直在快速增长。
练习:
1.I often _____ (meet) her at the library. I believe that I will meet her again today.
2.We ______ (work) on this project for four hours. Let's have a rest.
答案以及解析
1.答案:have been meeting
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:我经常在图书馆遇见她。我相信今天我还会再见到她。表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复发生的动作应用现在完成进行时。
2.答案:have been working
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:我们已经为这个项目工作了四个小时了。让我们休息一下。根据句意可知"work"这一动作发生在过去,并一直持续到现在,有可能持续下去,因此使用现在完成进行时。
02
动词的时态解题技巧
1.根据明显的时间标志确定动词的时态
有些题目通常有较明显的时间标志词,可能是明确的时间状语,也可能是动词、动词短语等标志词,而这些标志性词汇是考生判断时态的重要线索和依据。
(1)若句中出现 always,usually,every day/night/morning evening,sometimes,often等词或短语时,则用一般现在时。
(2)若句中出现 yesterday,last week/month/year,just now,the other day,in1997,…years ago,the day before yesterday等词或短语时,则用一般过去时。
(3)若句中出现look,now,at present,at this moment,these days等词或短语时,则用现在进行时。
练习:
Now she (be)planning our schedule for the trip.
答案:is。句意:现在她正在为旅行制订我们的时间表。根据时间状语Now可知用现在进行时。
(4)若句中出现then,at that time,those days等词或短语时,则用过去进行时。
(5)若句中出现 next week,in the future,later on,the day after tomorrow等词或短语时,则用一般将来时。
(6)若句中出现for…,since…,lately,recently,up to/till now,over/in the past…years,since then,ever since等词或短语时,则用现在完成时。
(7)若句中出现 by then,by that time,until then,by the end of 2012等词或短语时,则用过去完成时。
练习:
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
答案:have reported。句意:近年来,努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说,在人类居住地附近看到熊的次数有所增加,这让人们以为熊的数量正在增加。根据时间状语 In recent years可知,本句应用现在完成时。
2. 根据主从复合句中前后时态的呼应确定动词的时态
(1)主句和状语从句时态的呼应。
在含有when,before,after,as soon as,until,wher引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中以及在含有if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表示将来。
练习:
When summer (come),they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!
答案:comes。句意:当夏天来临时,他们会邀请他们的学生去摘新鲜蔬菜!主句部分为一般将来时,所以此处的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表将来意义。
(2)主句与宾语从句时态的呼应。
当主句是现在时态或将来时态时,从句可用任何所需的时态。当主句是过去时态时,若从句与主句的动作同时发生,从句需用一般过去时或过去进行时;若从句描述的是一般真理或客观事实,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。
(3)主句与定语从句时态的呼应。
定语从句中的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。
3.根据一些固定句式确定动词的时态
英语有一些句式的时态常常很固定,如果题干中出现这类句式,考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。
(1)It is the first/second/…time that sb.have/has done…
(2)It was the first/second/....time that sb had done…
(3)Sb.was/were doing sth.when…did…
(4)Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when…did…
(5)Sb.be about to do sth.when...did
(6)It's(high)time that sb.did sth/should do sth
练习:
It was the second time that we (visit)the Great Wall.
答案:had visited。句意:这是我们第二次参观长城。根据固定句式“It was the first/second/…time sb.had done..”可知答案为 had visited。
03
易混时态的区别
1. 一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别
一般过去时单纯谈过去的事,与现在没有联系;而现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系,或是对现在有影响。 【例】
He wrote many plays when he was at college. (写剧本是他过去做的事)
He has written many plays. (这意味着他现在是剧作家)
2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别
(1)一般过去时是指过去的动作或情况,而过去完成时指过去的一个动作或时间之前发生的事。
【例】 He had learned 3, 000 English words before he came to this school.
他来这个学校之前就已经学了3, 000个英语单词。
(2)过去完成时的时间状语常用by或before引导的短语或句子表示,如 by that time, by the end of, before 2010,by the time+句子(一般过去时)等。
【例】 He had finished writing the book by the end of last month.
到上个月月底,他已经写完这本书了。
3. 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别
两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用,但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作(句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语), 而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作(句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语)。比较下面的说法:
She had been ill for a week before she came back.
(“回来”发生在过去某一时间,“生病”发生在这一时间之前,即过去的过去)
She has been ill for a week.(现在仍然病着)
Thank you专题一 谓语动词的时态 习题1
1.I _____ (work) hard, so now I’m going to have a rest.
2.He __________________ (improve) his spoken English since he came to senior high school.
3.A truck went out of control and __________(crash) into the back of a bus.
4.He _____ (stir) the tea well and carried it into the living room.
5.The polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that the polar ice _____ (reduce) by 9. 8% every 10 years since 1978.
6.This switch has ________(decrease) pollution in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
7.Since the policy, the organization ________(conduct) five organizational reforms.
8.Time is _____ (slip) away when you chat or when you play games.
9.I _______(panic) when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.
10.The graduates ___________(admit) into the company will usually receive strict training before they start to work.
11.He _____ (recover) now. There is no need to call in a doctor.
12.We ____________ (concern) about his safety before he came back.
13.He _________(conclusion) from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
14.After careful consideration, Jackson decides that he ________(pay) the loan.
15.The plane ________(fly) at the present speed until it flies the mountain at about ten tonight.
答案以及解析
1.答案:have been working
2.答案:has improved
解析:考查动词时态语态。句意:自从他上高中以来,他的英语口语提高了。根据下文since he came to senior high school可知应用现在完成时,主语为he,故填has improved。
3.答案:crashed
解析:设空处所填谓语与句中已有谓语动词went时态一致,应用一般过去时, 故填crashed。
4.答案:stirred
5.答案:has reduced
6.答案:decreased
解析:考查时态。句意:这一转变减少了国家主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更加安全。根据空格前的has可知,此处用过去分词decreased构成现在完成时。
7.答案:has conducted
解析:考查动词时态。根据Since the policy可知此处应用现在完成时。
8.答案:is slipping
9.答案:panicked
10.答案:admitted
解析:考查非谓语动词。admit sb. into..."准许某人加入……"。分析句子结构可知,graduates与admit之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填admitted。
11.答案:is recovering
12.答案:were concerned
13.答案:concluded
解析:考查词形转换和时态。句意:他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同这个计划。分析句子结构可知,主句缺少谓语,故空处应用动词。conclude"断定,推断出,得出结论"。由从句中的were可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填concluded。
14.答案:will pay
解析: 此处表示"愿意",应用一般将来时,故填will pay。
15.答案:will be flying
解析:由时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来可知,主句应用将来时,再结合句意可知此处表示未来一段时间内持续进行的动作,故应用将来进行时。