定语从句I
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精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义
讲义编号 09sh1yy00
学员编号： 年 级： 高二 课时数：3学员姓名：吴雯洁 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师：吴婵娟
学科组长签名及日期 赵小慧 教务长签名及日期
课 题 定语从句（I）
授课时间：2009年7月29 日10:10-12:10 备课时间： 2009年7月26日
教学目标 掌握定语从句的用法
重点、难点 引导词的选择和从句的判断
考点及考试要求 正确判断从句，掌握定语从句的各个引导词的不同用法
教学内容
Step I: Review 检查上次课的作业以及学生对上次课所学内容的掌握情况。 Step II. Grammer基础考查：1．Please pass me the notebook ____ cover is yellow ．2．Li Hua was one of the girls ____ have the chance to go abroad.3．He must be form Africa , ____ can be seen from his skin ．4．Air ,___ we breathe every day , is around us all the time ．5．1949 was the year ____ the New China was born ．6．I don't know the reason ____ she looks unhappy today ．7．This is the village _____ my father worked three years ago ．8．I still remember the day ____ the old scientist took us to the lab for the first time ．9．The letter ______ I received yesterday is from my sister ．10．The woman _____ you saw in the park is our geography teacher .答案：1．whose 2.who 3.as 4.which 5.when 6.why 7.where 8.when 9.that 10.whom 定语从句(形容词性从句)形容词性从句,一般称为定语从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或者代词,有时可修饰一个句子.被定与从句修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent),定语从句必须放在先行词的后面,有关系代词或者关系副词引导；关系词充当从句的成分。词形先行词充当从句的关系代词Who人主，宾，表Whom人宾Which物主，宾，表That 人或物主，宾，表As人或物主，宾，表Whose(=of whom or of which人或物定关系副词When(=in etc.+which)时间词状Where 地点词状How方式词状Why=(for which)reason状That 在口语中可以替代关系副词状引导定语从句的关系词 关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，由于在从句中担任的逻辑作用不同，需用不同的关系词去代替它：① who 在从句中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。e.g. This is the doctor who came here yesterday.② whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人，可以省略。e.g. The man (whom) you saw last week has left the town.注意：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. = The man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.(前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的whom可省略)b) The girl whom he is taking care of is ill. (take care of是固定词组)③ whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物。e.g. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. He lives in the house whose window faces south.④ That和which引导的定语从句:这两个代词均指物，它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物,通常情况下，它们可以互换。a) that, which在从句中作主语，不可省略。e.g. Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou.b) that, which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。e.g. Is this the film (that/which) you talked about last week 注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用which且不能省略。e.g. The house in which he once lived is a meeting -room. = The house (which) he once lived in is a meeting-room.⑤ where表示地点，它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。e.g. This is the village where he was born. This is the village (that/which) he visited last year.比较：This is the place where he works. [关系词作状语，=in the place,要用where] 这是他工作的地方。This is the place which we visit.[关系词作宾语，= the place，要用which] 这是我们参观过的地方。⑥ when表示时间，它引导的定语从句修饰表时间的先行词。e.g. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League. I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.⑦ why表示原因，它引导的定语从句修饰表原因的先行词。e.g. The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is quite clear.在口语或非正式场合中，that可以替代关系副词： This is the palce that(=where )he works有时为了句子的平衡，较短的定语或者较短的谓语动词插入定语从句与先行词之间，这叫做分隔定语从句：I was the only person in my office who was invited我是我们办公室唯一受到邀请的人。关系代词作从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词取得一致：先行词为一个句子时，从句谓语动词为第三人称单数形式:Those who are going,come here. 要去的人到这儿来。 The exams were put off,which was exactly what we wanted各门考试都推迟了，这正是我们希望的。.（5） 关系代词或“介词+关系代词”在从句中作定语时，被修饰词常需要提前：There is a room ,the window of which faces the river.有一间房子，窗户朝着这条河。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，与先行词之间无逗号；翻译时常译成前置定语：非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，并且常用逗号与主句分开；翻译时常译成并列的分句：Those who want to go,please sign their names here .想去的人请在这里签名。This note was left by John,who was here a moment ago.这条子是约翰留的，他刚才来过这儿。宜用that而不用which的情况先行词为all,much,little,evrything,anything,nothing,none,few,the one等不定代词时:I mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天买的那个。She didn’t forget anything (that) her mother had told her to buy.先行词被形容词最高级或被only,any,few,little,no ,all,one of等修饰时：It is the most important task that should be finished soon.这是必须马上完成的任务。I’ve written down all (that )the teacher doesn’t allow us to do.They haven’t got any dictionaries (that) we need.That is the highest building (that) I have ever seen.先行词为数词或被序数词（含last ）修饰时:Look at these flowers.You can see the two that you gave me . 瞧这些花，你能看到你给我的那两朵。This is the first textbook (that) I studied in the primary school.He is in the last row that is next to the window.先行词中既有人又有物时：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下深刻的印象。He told us many interesting things and persons (that) we had never heard.先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：It’s a book that will help you a lot .这是本对你很有帮助的书。My home town is no longer the place that it used to be.我的故乡已经不再是过去的那个面貌了。China is no longer the country (that) it used to be.主句是以who, which引导的特殊疑问句时。e.g. Who is the man (that) you spoke to just now Which is the book that was stolen by him 先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时。e.g. This is the very novel (that) you want to borrow.不宜用that的情况 关系代词前有介词： This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. 这是鲁迅住过的房子。非限制性定语从句中： He has a daughter ,who works in a hospital.他有个女儿，在医院工作。先行词本身是that: The clock ia that which tells the time .钟表是告诉人们时间的。关系代词引导限制性定语从句，用于such(…)as ,the same (…)as 和as many (或as much)…as 结构中：Such books as you bought are useless.你买的这样的书没用。引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句；从句的位置可在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开：As is often the case,Mary was late for school.[as 作主语]就像平常那样，玛丽迟到了。限制性定语从句中关系词的省略口语中，做动词宾语或者介词宾语（这时介词不可在关系代词前）的关系代词常可省略：Have you found the book that (you) want 你找到你要的书了吗？This is the man we have talked about.这就是我们谈到过的那个人。[在英语会话中，这时常省去whom,who、that代替。在以介词结尾的从句中几乎不能用whom] 但this is the man about whom we talked.中的whom不可以省略。口语中，关系副词或起对等结构“介词+”有时可以省略（尤其是先行词为way时）： This is the reason (why 或that 或for which )I did it . 这就是我这样做的原因。关系代词作表语时，常省去：She is no longer the girl(that) she was ten years ago.她已经不再是十年前的她了。 练一练一、单项选择( ) 1. My bag is not the only thing is missing. A. that B. which C. what D. /( ) 2. This is the most beautiful place I have visited. A. which; ever B. that; never C. which; yet D. that; ever( ) 3. The number of people lost homes reached as many as 250,000. A. which B. who C. whom D. /( ) 4. We’re talking about Mr.Wang, you met yesterday. A. with who B. whom C. which D. that( ) 5. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago A. where B. that C. on which D. the one ( ) 6. The book cover is red is Tom’s. A. which B. that C. / D. whose( ) 7. The place I grew up is a beautiful town. A. which B. that C. where D. from which( ) 8. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held A. where B. that C. on which D. the one ( ) 9. Do you remember the day you joined our club A. before B. which C. when D. as( )10. Is that the novel about they talked in class yesterday A. which B. that C. who D. /二、找错并改正。请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。 1. This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking. 3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 4. The house in that we live is very small. 5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 7. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country. 9. Everything which we saw was of great interest. 10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died. 11. The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill. 12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands. 13. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard. 14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors. 15. We’re going to visit the school where your brother works there. 16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening. 17. That is the way which they work. 18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice. 19. Who is the man who has white hairs 20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea.答案与部分解析: 1. where→that/which或去掉where。 2. 把for放在looking之后。英语中,有些短语动词,介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如:look after, run into等。 3. who→whom。尽管在口语中who, whom都能作宾语,但在介词后只能用whom。 4. that→which。 5. that→which。that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。 6. which→that或去掉which。当先行词被all, every, no,some, any, little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。 7. which→that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only,the very等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。 8. who→that。如果先行词既指人又指物时,常用that引导定语从句。 9. which→that或去掉which。当先行词为something, anything,everything, nothing, all等时,常由that引导定语从句。 10. that→which。 11. which→why/which前加for或去掉which。 12. wants→want。定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一致。 13. his→whose。 14. them→whom或both前加and。 15. 去掉there。 16. have→has。当one of+名词复数作先行词时,从句的谓语用复数;但是当one前有the (only)时,从句谓语要用单数。 17. which→that/which前加in或去掉which。 18. Those后加who。 19. 第二个who→that。当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句常用that 引导, 以避免重复。20. which→when或which前加in。Step III: Homework The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn
A. that B. / C. which D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall,____ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been
参考答案及解析
1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6．C. 解析同第5题。
7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.
30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.
31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。
32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33. A. 解释见28题.
34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37. D.
38. D. 解析见35题.
39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.
40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.
41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.
43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。48. A. 解释见35题。
49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
讲义编号 09sh1yy00
学员编号： 年 级： 高二 课时数：3学员姓名：吴雯洁 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师：吴婵娟
学科组长签名及日期 赵小慧 教务长签名及日期
课 题 定语从句（I）
授课时间：2009年7月29 日10:10-12:10 备课时间： 2009年7月26日
教学目标 掌握定语从句的用法
重点、难点 引导词的选择和从句的判断
考点及考试要求 正确判断从句，掌握定语从句的各个引导词的不同用法
教学内容
Step I: Review 检查上次课的作业以及学生对上次课所学内容的掌握情况。 Step II. Grammer基础考查：1．Please pass me the notebook ____ cover is yellow ．2．Li Hua was one of the girls ____ have the chance to go abroad.3．He must be form Africa , ____ can be seen from his skin ．4．Air ,___ we breathe every day , is around us all the time ．5．1949 was the year ____ the New China was born ．6．I don't know the reason ____ she looks unhappy today ．7．This is the village _____ my father worked three years ago ．8．I still remember the day ____ the old scientist took us to the lab for the first time ．9．The letter ______ I received yesterday is from my sister ．10．The woman _____ you saw in the park is our geography teacher .答案：1．whose 2.who 3.as 4.which 5.when 6.why 7.where 8.when 9.that 10.whom 定语从句(形容词性从句)形容词性从句,一般称为定语从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或者代词,有时可修饰一个句子.被定与从句修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent),定语从句必须放在先行词的后面,有关系代词或者关系副词引导；关系词充当从句的成分。词形先行词充当从句的关系代词Who人主，宾，表Whom人宾Which物主，宾，表That 人或物主，宾，表As人或物主，宾，表Whose(=of whom or of which人或物定关系副词When(=in etc.+which)时间词状Where 地点词状How方式词状Why=(for which)reason状That 在口语中可以替代关系副词状引导定语从句的关系词 关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，由于在从句中担任的逻辑作用不同，需用不同的关系词去代替它：① who 在从句中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。e.g. This is the doctor who came here yesterday.② whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人，可以省略。e.g. The man (whom) you saw last week has left the town.注意：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. = The man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.(前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的whom可省略)b) The girl whom he is taking care of is ill. (take care of是固定词组)③ whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物。e.g. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. He lives in the house whose window faces south.④ That和which引导的定语从句:这两个代词均指物，它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物,通常情况下，它们可以互换。a) that, which在从句中作主语，不可省略。e.g. Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou.b) that, which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。e.g. Is this the film (that/which) you talked about last week 注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用which且不能省略。e.g. The house in which he once lived is a meeting -room. = The house (which) he once lived in is a meeting-room.⑤ where表示地点，它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。e.g. This is the village where he was born. This is the village (that/which) he visited last year.比较：This is the place where he works. [关系词作状语，=in the place,要用where] 这是他工作的地方。This is the place which we visit.[关系词作宾语，= the place，要用which] 这是我们参观过的地方。⑥ when表示时间，它引导的定语从句修饰表时间的先行词。e.g. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League. I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.⑦ why表示原因，它引导的定语从句修饰表原因的先行词。e.g. The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is quite clear.在口语或非正式场合中，that可以替代关系副词： This is the palce that(=where )he works有时为了句子的平衡，较短的定语或者较短的谓语动词插入定语从句与先行词之间，这叫做分隔定语从句：I was the only person in my office who was invited我是我们办公室唯一受到邀请的人。关系代词作从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词取得一致：先行词为一个句子时，从句谓语动词为第三人称单数形式:Those who are going,come here. 要去的人到这儿来。 The exams were put off,which was exactly what we wanted各门考试都推迟了，这正是我们希望的。.（5） 关系代词或“介词+关系代词”在从句中作定语时，被修饰词常需要提前：There is a room ,the window of which faces the river.有一间房子，窗户朝着这条河。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，与先行词之间无逗号；翻译时常译成前置定语：非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，并且常用逗号与主句分开；翻译时常译成并列的分句：Those who want to go,please sign their names here .想去的人请在这里签名。This note was left by John,who was here a moment ago.这条子是约翰留的，他刚才来过这儿。宜用that而不用which的情况先行词为all,much,little,evrything,anything,nothing,none,few,the one等不定代词时:I mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天买的那个。She didn’t forget anything (that) her mother had told her to buy.先行词被形容词最高级或被only,any,few,little,no ,all,one of等修饰时：It is the most important task that should be finished soon.这是必须马上完成的任务。I’ve written down all (that )the teacher doesn’t allow us to do.They haven’t got any dictionaries (that) we need.That is the highest building (that) I have ever seen.先行词为数词或被序数词（含last ）修饰时:Look at these flowers.You can see the two that you gave me . 瞧这些花，你能看到你给我的那两朵。This is the first textbook (that) I studied in the primary school.He is in the last row that is next to the window.先行词中既有人又有物时：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下深刻的印象。He told us many interesting things and persons (that) we had never heard.先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：It’s a book that will help you a lot .这是本对你很有帮助的书。My home town is no longer the place that it used to be.我的故乡已经不再是过去的那个面貌了。China is no longer the country (that) it used to be.主句是以who, which引导的特殊疑问句时。e.g. Who is the man (that) you spoke to just now Which is the book that was stolen by him 先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时。e.g. This is the very novel (that) you want to borrow.不宜用that的情况 关系代词前有介词： This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. 这是鲁迅住过的房子。非限制性定语从句中： He has a daughter ,who works in a hospital.他有个女儿，在医院工作。先行词本身是that: The clock ia that which tells the time .钟表是告诉人们时间的。关系代词引导限制性定语从句，用于such(…)as ,the same (…)as 和as many (或as much)…as 结构中：Such books as you bought are useless.你买的这样的书没用。引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句；从句的位置可在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开：As is often the case,Mary was late for school.[as 作主语]就像平常那样，玛丽迟到了。限制性定语从句中关系词的省略口语中，做动词宾语或者介词宾语（这时介词不可在关系代词前）的关系代词常可省略：Have you found the book that (you) want 你找到你要的书了吗？This is the man we have talked about.这就是我们谈到过的那个人。[在英语会话中，这时常省去whom,who、that代替。在以介词结尾的从句中几乎不能用whom] 但this is the man about whom we talked.中的whom不可以省略。口语中，关系副词或起对等结构“介词+”有时可以省略（尤其是先行词为way时）： This is the reason (why 或that 或for which )I did it . 这就是我这样做的原因。关系代词作表语时，常省去：She is no longer the girl(that) she was ten years ago.她已经不再是十年前的她了。 练一练一、单项选择( ) 1. My bag is not the only thing is missing. A. that B. which C. what D. /( ) 2. This is the most beautiful place I have visited. A. which; ever B. that; never C. which; yet D. that; ever( ) 3. The number of people lost homes reached as many as 250,000. A. which B. who C. whom D. /( ) 4. We’re talking about Mr.Wang, you met yesterday. A. with who B. whom C. which D. that( ) 5. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago A. where B. that C. on which D. the one ( ) 6. The book cover is red is Tom’s. A. which B. that C. / D. whose( ) 7. The place I grew up is a beautiful town. A. which B. that C. where D. from which( ) 8. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held A. where B. that C. on which D. the one ( ) 9. Do you remember the day you joined our club A. before B. which C. when D. as( )10. Is that the novel about they talked in class yesterday A. which B. that C. who D. /二、找错并改正。请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。 1. This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking. 3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 4. The house in that we live is very small. 5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 7. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country. 9. Everything which we saw was of great interest. 10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died. 11. The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill. 12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands. 13. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard. 14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors. 15. We’re going to visit the school where your brother works there. 16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening. 17. That is the way which they work. 18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice. 19. Who is the man who has white hairs 20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea.答案与部分解析: 1. where→that/which或去掉where。 2. 把for放在looking之后。英语中,有些短语动词,介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如:look after, run into等。 3. who→whom。尽管在口语中who, whom都能作宾语,但在介词后只能用whom。 4. that→which。 5. that→which。that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。 6. which→that或去掉which。当先行词被all, every, no,some, any, little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。 7. which→that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only,the very等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。 8. who→that。如果先行词既指人又指物时,常用that引导定语从句。 9. which→that或去掉which。当先行词为something, anything,everything, nothing, all等时,常由that引导定语从句。 10. that→which。 11. which→why/which前加for或去掉which。 12. wants→want。定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一致。 13. his→whose。 14. them→whom或both前加and。 15. 去掉there。 16. have→has。当one of+名词复数作先行词时,从句的谓语用复数;但是当one前有the (only)时,从句谓语要用单数。 17. which→that/which前加in或去掉which。 18. Those后加who。 19. 第二个who→that。当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句常用that 引导, 以避免重复。20. which→when或which前加in。Step III: Homework The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn
A. that B. / C. which D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall,____ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been
参考答案及解析
1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6．C. 解析同第5题。
7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.
30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.
31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。
32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33. A. 解释见28题.
34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37. D.
38. D. 解析见35题.
39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.
40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.
41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.
43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。48. A. 解释见35题。
49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。