高三英语二轮复习：定语从句课件(38张ppt)

(共38张PPT)
The Attributive Clause
(定语从句)
先来看几个相关术语
1.定语
2.定语从句
3.先行词
4.关系词
1.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
a clever boy The boiling water
Fallen leaves
The man who you are looking for
2.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
.Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning
3.先行词：
4.关系词：
关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：
1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
定语从句
先行词
引导词(关联词/连接词)
The structure of the Attributive Clause:
找出定语从句，先行词，关系词及其在从句中
充当的成分
1.She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.
2. Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan.
3. Is this the key which you are looking for
4.Tom is the student who didn’t pass the exam.
5.This is the house which was built last year.
_______________
_______
__________________
_______________
_______________
________________
___
____
______
______
5.限定性定语从句：对先行词起到修饰限制的作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。这类从句不能省掉，否则句子的意义就不完整。
6.非限定性定语从句：同主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加或补充的说明，不起限制的作用，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这类定语从句在书写时大多用逗号与主句分开。
Last week I met John, who seemed to be very excited.
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
1) They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
2) The fish (which ) we bought were not fresh.
The usage of the relative pronouns
1. which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。(作宾语可省略, 介词提前则不能省)
（主语/指物）
（宾语/指物）
which , who, whom, that, whose
2.that
1)A plane is a machine that can fly.
2)The noodles that I cooked were delicious.
3)Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.
4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’sister.
在从句中作主语或宾语，指人或物。
（主语/物）
(宾语/物）
（主语/人）
(宾语/人）
小结：that 和 which在定语从句都可以作主语或宾语。
that的先行词既可以是人，也可以是物；
which的先行词只能是物。
指物时一般都可以互换，但介词提前时只能用 which 而不能用that 。
Is this the library from which you borrow books
from that
3. who,whom
1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
2) The professor who、whom you wish to see has gone abroad.
3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li.
4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write.
在从句中分别作主语和宾语,指人。
（主语）
（宾语）
（宾语）
（宾语）
注意：介词后面只能用whom.
4.用that而不用which的情况。
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被all, every, no, few, only, some, any, little, much
等修饰时。
(3)先行词被序数词(the last)或形容词最高级修饰时。
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the just修饰时。
(5)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate . Which is the car that was made in China？
(6) 主句以There be 引导,先行词指物时
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
(7) 当先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
(8) 当关系代词在从句中作表语时。
China is not the country that it used to be.
5.用which而不用that的情况。
(1) 关系代词前有介词时
Those are many trees under (which) they can have a rest.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
(3) 当关系代词之后有插入成分时
I want to give you the book which , as I have told you, is very popular.
6.that和who在定语从句都可以作主语或宾语,指人的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用who而不用that。
当先行词是one, ones, anyone或those, all时。
Anyone who comes is welcome.
在There be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young man who want to see you.
1 . whose 既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导
非限制性定语从句。
My uncle whose office we have just passed , is a lawyer .
Once there was a wise king， whose name was Alfred .
2. whose 代指“……的”，作定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。
Look at the building , whose roof is white .
The girl lives in the house , whose windows face south .
7.whose 在定语从句中的用法
Which baby is Jack
穿红裤子的baby是Jack。
The baby is Jack.
The baby is Jack.
whose trousers are red
who is wearing red trousers
Jack
Which house is mine
房顶是棕色的房子是我的。
The house is mine.
whose roof is brown
My house
关系词 先行词所指 关系词在从句中作用
关系
代词 that 人 / 物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物 主语、宾语
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人 / 物 定语 (whose + n.)
口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物
后看从句里, 有无主宾语
总结：关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系
Eg:1.He is such a man ______ never tells a lie.
2. He is the model worker __________we should learn from.
3. A dictionary is a book_______ often helps us to know the meanings of the words.
4. This is the film _________I like best.
5. The boy _________father is a professor is one of my best friends.
6. The house ________roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon.
who
(whom/who)
which/that
(that/which)
whose
whose
(which/ that)
who/ that
whose
which/ that
7.I have a friend ___________ likes listening to the classical music.
8.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _____________ I gave her.
9.The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player.
10.Kate is reading a book ____________ is too difficult for her.
二.非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：
1、 非限制性定语从句中，指物时只能用which而不用that引导。
如： 1). I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。
2.) I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。
2.在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom; 不能用who替换，也不能省
Do you know Tom, whom we talked about
Do you know Tom (who/ whom) we talked about
3.Which可指前面整个句子。
He passed the driving test, which made him vey excited.
His father is an engineer, ____ makes him very proud.
　　　Ａ．for what 　　　Ｂ. which 　　
　　　Ｃ. that 　　　　　　Ｄ. what
三、定语从句中的主谓一致问题
English is a language which is widely used in the world.
Those who are invited can sign their name here.
Anyone who wants to go can get a ticket in the office.
总结：定语从句中谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定。
试比较下列两个句子
He is the only one of the students who was late.
He is one of the students who were late.
四、AS引导的
定语从句
as引导限定性定语从句， 习惯上用于下列词组：
the same....as such ...as as ... as， so…as，在从句中作主语或宾语。
1.Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
2.Let’s discuss only such questions as concern every one of us.
3.Would you please buy me the same novel as you bought for brother yesterday, Mum
比较
1. This is such a difficult problem as all of us can’t solve.
2. This is such a difficult problem that all of us can’t solve it.
填空
She is so kind a girl _____ we all like her.
She is so kind a girl _____ we all like.
as we have seen, as anybody can see
as is known to all, as we all know
as is mentioned above
as was expected, as was reported
as is often the case, as you know
as we can imagine,
as has been pointed out
As 用于非限制性定语从句，常见以下句型
Which, as 引导定语从句的区别
Which 只能放在主句之后，可以指代先行词，也可以指前面整句话的内容，常翻译为“这”“这一点”
As 可放在句首，句中，句末，常翻译为“正如”。
五、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
1.When 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time, day,hour,year等）
From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.
2.Where 表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place, room, house,street, area等）
This is the place where my mother was born.
3.Why 表示原因，常用在先行词reason的后面。
I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
比较：
I still remember the day ____ I first came to Beijing.
I still remember the day ( _________ ) we spend together.
比较：
I still remember the day ____ I first came to Beijing.
先行词 “the day” 在从句中做状语, 表示时间:
I first came to Beijing on the day. (所以用关系副词when。)
I still remember the day ( _________ ) we spend together.
先行词 “ the day” 在从句中做spend宾语：
We spend the day together. （所以在该句中用关系代词which/that，并且可省略。）
which/that
when
比较：
This is the place _____ we worked last year.
This is the place (_________) we visited last year.
2. This is the place _____ we worked last year.
先行词 “the place”在从句中做状语，表示地点：
We worked in the place last year. ( 所以用关系副词where。)
比较：This is the place (_________) we visited last year.
先行词 “the place”在从句中做visited的宾语：
We visited the place last year.( 所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。)
where
which/that
注意
先行词在从句中做状语，用
先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用
关系副词；
关系代词；