(共20张PPT)
专题二
被动语态
01
02
03
用法
主动形式表被动意义
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构成
01
构成
重点考点：
一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态、现在完成时的被动语态
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的，其变化形式如下（以动词do为例）：
一般现在时：am/is/are +done
例：In Southeast Asian culture，a smile is used frequently to cover painful feelings.
在东南亚国家的文化中，微笑常常被用来掩饰痛苦的感情。
一般过去时：was/were +done
例：Five reporters were sent to cover the conference.
五名记者被派去报道这次会议。
一般将来时：will/shall be +done
例：You will be abandoned by your fans.
你将被歌迷抛弃。
现在进行时：am/is/are being +done
例：A new bridge is being built at present.
一座新桥现在正在建造中。
现在完成时：have/has been +done
例：Some people have been ruined by their desire for wealth.
一些人对财富的贪欲毁掉了他们。
过去进行时：was/were +being +done
例：We couldn't use the computer. It was being repaired.
我们不能使用那台电脑，它正在被维修。
过去完成时：had been +done
例：When the boss got to the office, all the work had been finished.
老板到达办公室时，所有的工作都完成了。
02
用法
①不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
Attention, please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8: 00 a.m. tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time.
请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
②强调或突出动作的承受者
The woman was taken to hospital.
那位女士被送进了医院。
③动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
注意：
①动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
The plan will be given up. 这项计划就要被放弃了。
Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。
②含情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词+be+过去分词。
He must be prevented from going. 必须阻止他去。
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.
这项计划应该尽早执行。
③“get+过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
The patient got treated once a week.
那位病人一周治疗一次。
03
主动形式表被动意义
①“系动词 look，sound，feel，smell，taste 等＋形容词”构成系表结构
The steel feels cold. 钢摸起来很凉。
②某些与can't，won't等连用的不及物动词，如 open，shut，move等
The door won't shut. 这扇门关不上。
③某些可和 well，easily等副词连用的不及物动词，如 read，write，draw，wash，clean，cook等
例：Nylon cleans easily. 尼龙容易洗干净。
Your article reads very well. 你的文章读起来很不错。
④少数不及物动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动意义，如 cook，sell 等
The meat is cooking. 肉正在炖着。
练习：
1.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people (persuade)to eat more fruits as well as vegetables.
2.—Have you heard about that fire in the market
—Yes，fortunately no one (hurt).
1.are persuaded句意：如果人们被说服食用更多的水果和蔬菜，患心脏病死亡的人数将极大地减少。引导的条件状语从句中根据“主将从现”的原则及 people与动词 persuade间的关系可知，设空处需用一般现在时的被动语态。
2 was hunt句意：你听说市场的那场火灾了吗？听说了，幸好没有人受伤。答句中主语no one与谓语动词之间为被动关系，火灾发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态
3.In the last few years thousands of films (produce) all over the world.
4.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house (rebuild).
3 have been produced句意：在过去的几年里，全世界已经制作了成千上万部电影。in the last/past few years（在过去的几年里）通常与现在成时连用；films和 produce是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
4 is being rebuilt句意：目前，他们正和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。house与 rebuild之间为被动关系，根据句意可知“房子正在重建”，故使用现在进行时的被动语态。
5.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.
6.—Did you enjoy the party
—Yes.We (treat)well by our hosts.
5 had been carried句意：上个月我被派到这个村子来检查那个发展计划在过去的两年中的实施情况。考查动词的时态和语态。设空处表示的动作应该发生在 was sent之前，属于“过去的过去”，且表示被动所以要用过去完成时的被动语态
6 were treated句意：——你们在聚会上玩得愉快吗？——是的。我们被主人们招待得很好。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据对话内容可知所谈事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词treat之间为被动关系故用一般过去时的被动语态。
7.More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
8.Unless some extra money (find)，the theatre will close.
7.will be built句意：四川很快会建更多的高速公路来推动当地的经济。本题考查时态和语态。由语境可知用一般将来时，且主语 expressways和build之间是被动关系，故应用一般将来时的被动语态。
8.is found句意：除非找到一些额外资金，否则这家剧院就得关门。由主句中的will可知Unless引导的从句应用一般现在时表将来，且money和find之间是被动关系，故答案为 is found。
9.A lot of people often forget that oral exams (design) to test our communicative ability.
10.In the near future，more advances in the robot technology (make)by scientists.
9.are designed句意：很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。oral exams与动词 design构成被动关系，谓语动词应使用被动语态。此处表示一种客观情况，使用一般现在时，故答案为are。
10 will be made句意：在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。more advances与动词make构成被动关系，谓语动词应使用被动语态。in the near future表将来的时间，故答案为 will be。
Thank you专题二 被动语态 习题2
一、填空
1.I know Mr. Brown. We _____(introduce) to each other at an international meeting.
2.So far, efforts to cut emissions of greenhouse gases _____(make) but there are still many things we can do.
3.The students have been working hard on their lessons and we believe their efforts _____(reward) with success in the end.
4.A few days later, my article about the poor conditions of the Cookie Lady appeared in the local newspaper and finally she _____(allow) to stay in her position, which allowed her to support her family.
5.The club _____(know) as the GHS Green Team, and it aims to raise awareness among students and teachers about environmental sustainability.
6.China's navigation satellite system BeiDou Navigation Satellite System _____(name) after "Beidou", which carries the meaning of "pointing out the right direction".
7.Respect for parents, elders and ancestors ____________(consider) a key quality in Chinese society and culture.
8.Qiqiao Festival __________(refer) to as the Chinese Valentine's Day nowadays. Many young people meet in celebration of this day.
9.Qigong __________(practise) to achieve spiritual improvement and for self-cultivation(自我修养） as a means to help develop human potential and allow access to higher degrees of awareness, and one's "true nature".
10.Up to now, all the new 3D-printed shells (give) to the visitors.
11.Many of Florence’s most beautiful paintings and sculptures ________(produce) by great artists.
12.When we read a poem, we often imagine what the poets __________(think) when they wrote or what they were doing at the time.
13.Meals will __________(prepare) by a team of nutritionists in order to make sure that the health of the participants won't be harmed.
14.All official documents in China needed a seal to be valid in the past. Today, the tradition __________(keep) alive in China.
15.The party __________(hold) in memory of heroes who died in the war every year.
二、阅读
16. Chinese painting, also known as the traditional national painting, one of the traditional paintings with a long history, has its unique and independent system. Using brushes, ink, and Chinese pigments(天然颜料), a painting is drawn on a special kind of paper(Xuan paper) or silk. The traditional subjects are figures, landscapes, flowers and birds.
In comparison with Western painting, Chinese painting has its own artistic characteristics. After a careful study of the object, a painter can discover the rules of its structure, and then produce it by the mind's eye. It is not merely a simple copy, but it combines the object with the artistic concept of the producer, turning a natural image into an "artistic image". The object can show the artist's feelings and personality to achieve the effect of "being alike not only in spirit, but also in appearance". Not all the objects are to be drawn on the paper, and much space is left for the imagination. The use of lines is important in Chinese painting. Clear, swift, sharp and changeable lines are combined with the push, point and press of the brush and ink to show the quality of the object and variations of tone (色调). Ancient Chinese artists listed 18 different ways of drawing lines with the brush in figure painting. Different ways of creating lines are used when painting a landscape, flowers and birds, clouds, and bamboos.
Traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy are different branches of art stemming(起源) from the same origin. They use the same kind of tools and all the lines used in painting are variations of the points and lines of calligraphy. Though they are different artistic forms, they are closely linked in terms of their expression of thoughts and feelings. They influence each other to create another artistic feature.
1.Which of the following words can describe the common subjects of traditional Chinese painting
A.Valuable. B.Independent. C.Special. D.Natural.
2.The writer believes that a traditional Chinese painter's picture ________.
A.reflects social problems of his times B.describes mainly a natural image
C.expresses his thoughts D.tells a true story
3.It can be inferred that a traditional Chinese painter spent much time _________.
A.travelling B.learning to draw lines
C.reading D.studying calligraphy before drawing
4.What do painting and calligraphy have in common
A.Using the similar techniques. B.Starting from the same period.
C.Belonging to the same artistic form. D.Covering the same themes.
17. Although there are filters (滤镜) which can change digital photographs to make them similar to a painting, obvious differences still exist.
A brand-new painting AI has been made public recently. Much like the pupils of the old masters, the new AI studies the work of great painters like Vermeer and Van Gogh and learns to reproduce their works.
The AI, named "PaintBot,,", is the creation of a team of researchers from the University of Maryland, the Bytedance AI Lab and Adobe Research.
PaintBot can not only reproduce the work of different artists but create new works based on photographs in the chosen painter's characteristic style.
To train the AI to imitate(模仿) a given artist's technique, the researchers would present it with between 3 and 10 reference paintings. With each reference painting it studies, the AI gradually learns to recognize the various characteristics of the given artist's technique, including the stroke(笔画) colour, position and size—along with the order in which each brushstroke should be made.
PaintBot uses a technique known as reinforcement learning (强化学习). During the learning process, the AI would practice reproducing reference paintings, which it would then compare with the original work to see how similar the two were and if it was improving its imitation of the artist's style. It takes around six hours for the AI to learn to imitate a given painter.
Once the AI has mastered a particular artist's technique, the researchers could present it with a new image to reproduce in the same style. The AI then uses what it has learnt to produce a new painting, putting down each brushstroke one at a time.
After being trained in a given style, PaintBot takes only around five minutes to produce each of its digital masterpieces.
The way that PaintBot's compositions are built up from thousands of individual brushstrokes makes the AI's works more realistic than those online filters.
1.What does the author say about filters used to change digital photos
A.They do amazing work. B.They are out of date.
C.They have different uses. D.They are not good enough.
2.What does PaintBot need to do first before imitating a certain artist's painting
A.Learn the artist's techniques. B.Recognize the value of the painting.
C.Compare the painting with other works. D.Understand the artist's family background.
3.How does PaintBot create works
A.It follows the given style. B.It learns from the researchers.
C.It just imitates the reference paintings. D.It mixes techniques of different artists.
4.Which of the following best describes PaintBot's paintings according to the author
A.Popular. B.Valuable. C.Advanced. D.Lifelike.
答案以及解析
1.答案：were introduced
解析：句意为:我认识布朗先生。我们是在一个国际会议上认识彼此的。根据句中的at an international meeting可知,第二句的时态应为一般过去时;根据句意可知, We和introduce之间构成被动关系,故填were introduced。
2.答案：have been made
解析：句意为:到目前为止,我们已经在减少温室气体排放量方面作了很多努力,然而我们能做的事情还有很多。根据时间状语So far可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语efforts与make之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填have been made。
3.答案：will be rewarded
解析：句意为:学生们一直在努力学习功课,我们相信他们的努力最终会获得成功。根据语境可知,此处表述的是将来会发生的事,应用一般将来时。且their efforts和reward之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填will be rewarded。
4.答案：was allowed
解析：句意为:几天后,我写的关于"饼干女士"贫穷的生活条件的文章被刊登在当地报纸上,最后她被允许留在自己的岗位上,这样她就可以养家糊口了。根据时间状语A few days later并结合后面的appeared和allowed可知,此处表述的是过去的情况,应用一般过去时。并且she(第三人称单数)与allow之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填was allowed。
5.答案：is known
解析：句意为:该俱乐部被称为GHS绿色团队,旨在提高学生和教师对环境可持续性的认识。根据后面的aims可知,此处表述的是一般情况,应用一般现在时。并且The club(单数概念)与know之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填is known。
6.答案：is named
解析：China's navigation satellite system是句子主语, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System是同位语,因此空格处作谓语。此句描述一个客观事实, name与主语China's navigation satellite system之间是被动关系,故此处用一般现在时的被动语态is named。name after以……命名。
7.答案：is considered
解析：句意:在中国社会和文化中,尊敬父母、长辈和祖先被认为是一种重要的品质。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语为Respect,是不可数名词,故谓语动词应用单数。语境表明此处是对一般情况的介绍,故应用一般现在时。主语Respect与consider之间为动宾关系,故空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
8.答案：is referred
解析：句意:现在,乞巧节被看作中国的情人节。许多年轻人聚在一起庆祝这个日子。根据句意可知, Qiqiao Festival与 refer之间是动宾关系,且句子陈述的是关于该节日的一般情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
9.答案：is practised
解析：对气功的介绍要用一般现在时,主语 Qigong与 practise之间是动宾关系,主语为第三人称单数,故填is practised 。
10.答案：have been given
11.答案：were produced
12.答案：were thinking
解析：句意:当我们读诗的时候,我们经常想象诗人写诗的时候在想什么或者那时在做什么。根据wrote, or以及下文中的"what they were doing at the time"可知," what the poets _______(think) when they wrote"与or后内容为并列关系,空格处与were doing相呼应,应用过去进行时,表示过去的某个时间正在做的动作。句子的主语poets为复数,故be动词用were,空格处应填were thinking。
13.答案：be prepared
解析：句意:膳食将由一组营养学家准备,以确保参与者的健康不会受到损害。句子的主语Meals与prepare之间为动宾关系,且空前有will,故应用被动语态be done。
14.答案：is kept
解析：句意:在过去,中国所有的官方文件都需要(盖上)印章才能在法律上生效。今天,这个传统在中国继续存在。根据第二句话中的时间状语Today可知,此处介绍现在的一般情况,故用一般现在时;句子主语the tradition与keep之间是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态;the tradition是单数,故填is kept。
15.答案：is held
解析：句意：为了纪念在战争中牺牲的英雄，每年都举行聚会。根据句意及句中的every year可知，此句表示经常性的动作，故用一般现在时。句子的主语The party与hold之间是动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
16.答案：1-4.DCBA
解析：1.推理判断题。【关键句】Using brushes, ink, and Chinese pigments, a painting is drawn on a special kind of paper(Xuan paper)or silk. The traditional subjects are figures, landscapes, flowers and birds.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,中国画的传统题材是人物、山水和花鸟。由此可知,“自然的”可以描述中国画的共同主题。因此D项符合题意。
2.推理判断题。【关键句】The object can show the artist's feelings and personality to achieve the effect of "being alike not only in spirit, but also in appearance"【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,作者认为,一个中国传统画家的画可以表达其思想。因此C项符合题意。
3.推理判断题。【关键句】Ancient Chinese artists listed 18 different ways of drawing lines with the brush in figure painting. Different ways of creating lines are used when painting a landscape, flowers and birds, clouds, and bamboos.【解析】根据关键句的叙述推测,传统的中国画家需要花很多时间来学习画线条。因此B项符合题意。
4.细节理解题。【关键句】Traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy are different branches of art stemming from the same origin. They use the same kind of tools and all the lines used in painting are variations of the points and lines of calligraphy.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,书法和绘画使用相似的技巧。因此A项符合题意。
17.答案：1-4.DAAD
解析：1.推理判断题。【关键句】Although there are filters which can change digital photographs to make them similar to a painting, obvious differences still exist.【解析】根据关键句的叙述尤其是obvious differences可知,作者认为滤镜还不够好。因此D项符合题意。
2.细节理解题。【关键句】To train the AI to imitate a given artist's technique, the researchers would present it with between 3 and 10 reference paintings. With each reference painting it studies, the AI gradually learns to recognize the various characteristics of the given artist's technique, including the stroke colour, position and size—along with the order in which each brushstroke should be made.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,在模仿某个艺术家的画之前,人工智能都会先学习该艺术家的绘画技巧。因此A项符合题意。
3.细节理解题。【关键句】Once the AI has mastered a particular artist's technique, the researchers could present it with a new image to reproduce in the same style. The AI then uses what it has learnt to produce a new painting...【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,人工智能在掌握了画家的创作技巧后,能够按同样的风格创作新的画作。因此A项符合题意。
4.推理判断题。【关键句】The way that PaintBot's compositions are built up from thousands of individual brushstrokes makes the AI's works more realistic than those online filters.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可以推断,PaintBot创作的作品非常真实、逼真。popular意为“流行的”;valuable意为“有价值的”;advanced意为“先进的”;lifelike意为“栩栩如生的”。因此D项符合题意。题二 被动语态 习题1
一、填空
1. It is anticipated(预计) that more efforts __________(make) to control the housing prices and combat(防止) illegal sales in the coming months.
2.The nine coal miners __________(trap) in the coal mine for nearly 20 hours before we finally came to their rescue.
3.—This is the third time he ________(praise) for his voluntary work for the Red Cross.
—No wonder he is so excited!
4.As is expected, it will still be some years before all the metro lines in our city ________(put) into operation.
5.—Have you moved into the new house
—Not yet. It ________(build).
6.—I hear that you've been shown the new plan.
—Oh, yes, but how to carry it out ________(clarify) at the meeting.
7.Every boy and girl in the area ________(invite) to go to the show last night.
8.Last week, the basketball coach, as well as his team, _________(interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
9.The hotels that _____(arrange) for us to stay in were among the best in each city we visited.
10.The 3-year-old panda landed in Chengdu on Wednesday after a 16-hour flight, during which she _____(look) after by a professional panda keeper.
11.It is reported that a space station _____ (build) on the moon in years to come.
12.You will not be_______ (准许进入) to the theater after the performance has started.
13.Last month, I, as well as my parents, _____(invite) to my uncle's home in the United States.
14.In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, and Vietnam, food _____(eat) with chopsticks.
15.Up to now, approximately 100 international agreements _____(sign) with Chinese government on TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) cooperation.
二、阅读
16. Sam is a fourth-year student at Harvard Medical School, but poetry is still a big part of his life, now with a new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor's education and work. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet.
"Poetry is in every encounter(邂逅) with my patients. I think healing is really in a very great way about poetry. And if we do anything when we're with our patients, we're really immersing(使沉浸于) ourselves in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that's what a poem does," he said.
Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today: humanity, which he finds in poetry. To that end, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents(住院医生).
He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap.
Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said, "I think there's no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does. And I think that is because there's just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest." Not everyone believes that's what doctors should do, though.
Rafael said, "I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people know, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if it's happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn't survived the cancer. Don't we still have a role as healers there "
In a poem titled "Health", Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.
1.What do we know about Rafael Campo
A.He works as a doctor. B.He is under medical care.
C.He is a literature professor. D.He knows little about poetry.
2.What does the author try to show in Paragraph 2
A.The importance of medical training.
B.The effect of poetry in medical treatment.
C.The similarity involved in poetry and medical work.
D.The present relationship between patients and doctors.
3.What does Andrea Schwaflz think of poetry
A.It comforts patients' family. B.It contributes to medical work.
C.It has nothing to do with doctors. D.It keeps doctors away from patients.
4.What is Rafael Campo's view on poetry
A.It requires a lot of spare time. B.It can provide a useful tool for doctors.
C.It has little effect on patients' conditions. D.It should be included in emergency treatments.
17. Although there are filters (滤镜) which can change digital photographs to make them similar to a painting, obvious differences still exist.
A brand-new painting AI has been made public recently. Much like the pupils of the old masters, the new AI studies the work of great painters like Vermeer and Van Gogh and learns to reproduce their works.
The AI, named "PaintBot,,", is the creation of a team of researchers from the University of Maryland, the Bytedance AI Lab and Adobe Research.
PaintBot can not only reproduce the work of different artists but create new works based on photographs in the chosen painter's characteristic style.
To train the AI to imitate(模仿) a given artist's technique, the researchers would present it with between 3 and 10 reference paintings. With each reference painting it studies, the AI gradually learns to recognize the various characteristics of the given artist's technique, including the stroke(笔画) colour, position and size—along with the order in which each brushstroke should be made.
PaintBot uses a technique known as reinforcement learning (强化学习). During the learning process, the AI would practice reproducing reference paintings, which it would then compare with the original work to see how similar the two were and if it was improving its imitation of the artist's style. It takes around six hours for the AI to learn to imitate a given painter.
Once the AI has mastered a particular artist's technique, the researchers could present it with a new image to reproduce in the same style. The AI then uses what it has learnt to produce a new painting, putting down each brushstroke one at a time.
After being trained in a given style, PaintBot takes only around five minutes to produce each of its digital masterpieces.
The way that PaintBot's compositions are built up from thousands of individual brushstrokes makes the AI's works more realistic than those online filters.
1.What does the author say about filters used to change digital photos
A.They do amazing work. B.They are out of date.
C.They have different uses. D.They are not good enough.
2.What does PaintBot need to do first before imitating a certain artist's painting
A.Learn the artist's techniques. B.Recognize the value of the painting.
C.Compare the painting with other works. D.Understand the artist's family background.
3.How does PaintBot create works
A.It follows the given style. B.It learns from the researchers.
C.It just imitates the reference paintings. D.It mixes techniques of different artists.
4.Which of the following best describes PaintBot's paintings according to the author
A.Popular. B.Valuable. C.Advanced. D.Lifelike.
答案以及解析
1.答案：will be made
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意为:预计未来几个月(政府)将采取更多措施控制房价,以防止非法销售。根据时间状语"in the coming months"可知,此处应用一般将来时;且主语"more efforts"与动词make之间是被动关系,应用其被动语态。故填will be made。
2.答案：had been trapped
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意为:在我们最终来解救他们之前,这9名矿工已经在煤矿里被困了将近20个小时。根据句意可知,"trap"这个动作发生在"came to their rescue"之前,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时;且主语"The nine coal miners"与动词trap之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填had been trapped。
3.答案：has been praised
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:这是他第三次因志愿为红十字会工作而受到表扬。难怪他这么兴奋! "This/It is the +序数词+ time +主语+现在完成时"是固定句型,意为"这是……第几次做某事";且主语"he"与动词praise之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;且主语是"he",谓语动词应用单三形式。故填has been praised。
4.答案：are put
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:正如所预料的那样,我市所有的地铁线仍要过几年才能投入运营。before引导时间状语从句时,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句应用一般现在时表示将来,此处应用一般现在时;"the metro lines"和动词短语put into之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;且"the metro lines"是复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are put。
5.答案：is being built
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:你搬进新房子了吗 还没有。房子正在建。根据句意可知,此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时;又因"It(指代the new house)"是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式;且主语"it"与动词build之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填is being built。
6.答案：wasn't clarified
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:我听说有人向你展示了新计划。哦,是的,但是如何实施(这个新计划)在会上并未阐明。根据句意可知,"clarify"这个动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时;主语"how to carry it out"与动词clarify之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;且主语是"how to carry it out"这件事,谓语动词应用单三形式。故填wasn't clarified。
7.答案：was invited
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:昨晚在这个区域的所有男孩和女孩都被邀请去这个演出了。根据时间状语"last night"可知,此处应用一般过去时; "Every boy and girl"作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式；且主语和谓语动词invite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was invited。
8.答案：was interviewed
解析：was interviewed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为：上周篮球教练和他的球队因为表现出色，在比赛后接受了简短的采访。根据时间状语"Last week"可知，此处陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时； as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持人称和数的一致；主语"the basketball coach"是单数，因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；且主语和谓语动词interview之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was interviewed。
9.答案：were arranged
解析：句意为:安排我们住的酒店是我们到过的每个城市中最好的。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,由先行词hotels可知,从句的谓语动词应使用复数形式;且that指代hotels,与arrange之间为被动关系,主句谓语为一般过去时,故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were arranged。
10.答案：was looked
解析：句意为:这只3岁的大熊猫经过16个小时的航行,于周三在成都着陆,航行期间由一位专业的大熊猫饲养员照看。根据句中的on Wednesday和landed可知,从句讲述的应为过去的事情,应用一般过去时;且she指代The 3-year-old panda,与look after之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填was looked。
11.答案：will be built
12.答案：admitted
解析：考查翻译填空．根据句意及句子结构，要填入动词，you与admit之间是动宾关系，要用一般将来时的被动语态．
13.答案：was invited
解析：句意为:上个月,我和我的父母都被邀请到我在美国的舅舅家了。当主语为as well as连接的并列主语时,谓语动词的数应与as well as前面的主语保持一致,且结合时间状语Last month可知,谓语应用一般过去时, invite与主语之间为被动关系,故填was invited。
14.答案：is eaten
解析：句意为:在亚洲的大部分地区,尤其是在中国、日本和越南这些存在所谓米饭饮食文化的国家,人们用筷子吃饭。根据句意可知,此处应用一般现在时,且food与eat之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。故填is eaten。
15.答案：have been signed
解析：句意为:到目前为止,(其他国家)与中国政府签署了约100条关于中医合作的国际协议。根据时间状语Up to now可知,此处应使用现在完成时;且agreements与sign之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;故填have been signed。
16.答案：1-4.ACBB
解析：1.细节理解题。【关键句】Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,Rafael是一名医生。因此A项符合题意。
2.推理判断题。【关键句1】"Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. I think healing is really in a very great way about poetry. And if we do anything when we're with our patients, we're really immersing ourselves in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that's what a poem does," he said.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,第二段主要阐述了诗歌与医疗工作的共同之处。因此C项符合题意。
3.推理判断题。【关键句】And I think that is because there's just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,Andrea Schwartz认为诗歌有助于医生和病人之间的互动,会产生积极的医疗效果,有利于医疗工作。因此B项符合题意。
4.推理判断题。【关键句1】...Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor's education and work.【关键句2】He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可以推知,Rafael Campo认为诗歌对医生来说很有帮助。因此B项“它可以为医生提供一个有用的工具”符合题意。
17.答案：1-4.DAAD
解析：1.推理判断题。【关键句】Although there are filters which can change digital photographs to make them similar to a painting, obvious differences still exist.【解析】根据关键句的叙述尤其是obvious differences可知,作者认为滤镜还不够好。因此D项符合题意。
2.细节理解题。【关键句】To train the AI to imitate a given artist's technique, the researchers would present it with between 3 and 10 reference paintings. With each reference painting it studies, the AI gradually learns to recognize the various characteristics of the given artist's technique, including the stroke colour, position and size—along with the order in which each brushstroke should be made.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,在模仿某个艺术家的画之前,人工智能都会先学习该艺术家的绘画技巧。因此A项符合题意。
3.细节理解题。【关键句】Once the AI has mastered a particular artist's technique, the researchers could present it with a new image to reproduce in the same style. The AI then uses what it has learnt to produce a new painting...【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,人工智能在掌握了画家的创作技巧后,能够按同样的风格创作新的画作。因此A项符合题意。
4.推理判断题。【关键句】The way that PaintBot's compositions are built up from thousands of individual brushstrokes makes the AI's works more realistic than those online filters.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可以推断,PaintBot创作的作品非常真实、逼真。popular意为“流行的”;valuable意为“有价值的”;advanced意为“先进的”;lifelike意为“栩栩如生的”。因此D项符合题意。专题二 被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态的基本形式为“助动词be+done”，其中助动词be随着人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化，后面常用by引出动作的执行者。
（1）构成：
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的，其变化形式如下（以动词do为例）：
一般现在时：am/is/are +done
例：In Southeast Asian culture，a smile is used frequently to cover painful feelings.
在东南亚国家的文化中，微笑常常被用来掩饰痛苦的感情。
一般过去时：was/were +done
例：Five reporters were sent to cover the conference.
五名记者被派去报道这次会议。
一般将来时：will/shall be +done
例：You will be abandoned by your fans.
你将被歌迷抛弃。
现在进行时：am/is/are being +done
例：A new bridge is being built at present.
一座新桥现在正在建造中。
现在完成时：have/has been +done
例：Some people have been ruined by their desire for wealth.
一些人对财富的贪欲毁掉了他们。
过去进行时：was/were +being +done
例：We couldn't use the computer. It was being repaired.
我们不能使用那台电脑，它正在被维修。
过去完成时：had been +done
例：When the boss got to the office, all the work had been finished.
老板到达办公室时，所有的工作都完成了。
（2）用法：
①不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
Attention, please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8: 00 a.m. tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time.
请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
②强调或突出动作的承受者
The woman was taken to hospital.
那位女士被送进了医院。
③动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
注意：
①动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
The plan will be given up. 这项计划就要被放弃了。
Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。
②含情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词+be+过去分词。
He must be prevented from going. 必须阻止他去。
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.
这项计划应该尽早执行。
③“get+过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
The patient got treated once a week.
那位病人一周治疗一次。
（3）主动形式表被动意义
①“系动词 look，sound，feel，smell，taste 等＋形容词”构成系表结构
The steel feels cold. 钢摸起来很凉。
②某些与can't，won't等连用的不及物动词，如 open，shut，move等
The door won't shut. 这扇门关不上。
③某些可和 well，easily等副词连用的不及物动词，如 read，write，draw，wash，clean，cook等
例：Nylon cleans easily. 尼龙容易洗干净。
Your article reads very well. 你的文章读起来很不错。
④少数不及物动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动意义，如 cook，sell 等
The meat is cooking. 肉正在炖着。
练习：
1.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people (persuade)to eat more fruits as well as vegetables.
2.—Have you heard about that fire in the market
—Yes，fortunately no one (hurt).
3.In the last few years thousands of films (produce) all over the world.
4.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house (rebuild).
5.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.
6.—Did you enjoy the party
—Yes.We (treat)well by our hosts.
7.More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
8.Unless some extra money (find)，the theatre will close.
9.A lot of people often forget that oral exams (design) to test our communicative ability.
10.In the near future，more advances in the robot technology (make)by scientists.
答案：
1.are persuaded句意：如果人们被说服食用更多的水果和蔬菜，患心脏病死亡的人数将极大地减少。引导的条件状语从句中根据“主将从现”的原则及 people与动词 persuade间的关系可知，设空处需用一般现在时的被动语态。
2 was hunt句意：你听说市场的那场火灾了吗？听说了，幸好没有人受伤。答句中主语no one与谓语动词之间为被动关系，火灾发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态
3 have been produced句意：在过去的几年里，全世界已经制作了成千上万部电影。in the last/past few years（在过去的几年里）通常与现在成时连用；films和 produce是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
4 is being rebuilt句意：目前，他们正和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。house与 rebuild之间为被动关系，根据句意可知“房子正在重建”，故使用现在进行时的被动语态。
5 had been carried句意：上个月我被派到这个村子来检查那个发展计划在过去的两年中的实施情况。考查动词的时态和语态。设空处表示的动作应该发生在 was sent之前，属于“过去的过去”，且表示被动所以要用过去完成时的被动语态
6 were treated句意：——你们在聚会上玩得愉快吗？——是的。我们被主人们招待得很好。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据对话内容可知所谈事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词treat之间为被动关系故用一般过去时的被动语态。
7.will be built句意：四川很快会建更多的高速公路来推动当地的经济。本题考查时态和语态。由语境可知用一般将来时，且主语 expressways和build之间是被动关系，故应用一般将来时的被动语态。
8.is found句意：除非找到一些额外资金，否则这家剧院就得关门。由主句中的will可知Unless引导的从句应用一般现在时表将来，且money和find之间是被动关系，故答案为 is found。
9.are designed句意：很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。oral exams与动词 design构成被动关系，谓语动词应使用被动语态。此处表示一种客观情况，使用一般现在时，故答案为are。
10 will be made句意：在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。more advances与动词make构成被动关系，谓语动词应使用被动语态。in the near future表将来的时间，故答案为 will be。
