北师大版选修八：Unit 24 Society 词汇 短语 句型基础知识学案

2022高考英语一轮基础知识复习（词汇+句型+语法）
（北师大版 选修八 unit 24）
1.abundant adj.大量的;丰富的
There have also sadly been abundant cases of violence at home.
令人难过的是,也有很多家庭暴力案件。
知识延伸
①abundant evidence/kindness大量证据/善行 be abundant in富于……,……很丰富
②abundance n.丰富 an abundance of丰富的,许多的 in abundance大量,富裕
知识运用
①Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are 　　　　　abundance
②Bamboo plants are associated with health,　　　　　(abundant) and a happy home.They are easy to care for and make great presents.
③This reminded me of the 　　　　　(abundant) kindness in the world.
④当谈及购物体验,香港物品丰富!
When it comes to shopping experience,Hong Kong has goods 　　　　　　　　　　!
⑤到达农场之后我们发现那儿的产品十分丰富。
On arrival at the farm,we found　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　produce there.
2.accumulate v.积累;逐渐增加
In this spending circle,on the one hand,we accumulate possessions but never feel like we have enough.
在这个消费圈里,我们一方面积累财产但是永远感觉不到足够。
知识延伸
①accumulate a fortune 积累一笔财富
accumulate to逐渐增加到……
accumulation of wealth/money/knowledge/memories...财富/钱/知识/记忆等的积累
②accumulation n.积累
知识运用
①After all,isn’t 　　　　　　　(accumulate) memories a way of preserving the past
②By investing wisely he accumulated 　　　　　fortune.
③Her mean father’s only interest was the 　　　　　　(accumulate) of money.
④通过记日记,我们可以积累丰富的英语知识,并灵活地运用它们。
Through keeping a diary,we can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and use it flexibly.
3.burden n.重担,负担　v.使担负
Instead,they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for them.
相反,它们感觉像是一种负担,因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分的钱拿出来还款。
知识延伸
to be a burden to/on sb/sth是某人/物的负担
to bear/ease/share the burden承受/减轻/分担重担
place a burden on sb给……负担
burden sb/oneself with...装载……;使某人负担……
be burdened with...负担;为……所累
知识运用
①Buying a house often places a large financial burden 　　　　　young couples.
②The girl is only fifteen years old,but she has to be burdened 　　　　　her family.
③The old man doesn’t want to be 　　　　　burden to their children.
④一个高中生肩负着太多的期待,他/她就将变得越来越不自信。
When a senior high school student 　　　　　　　　　　too many expectations,he/she will become less and less confident.
4.vacant adj.未住人的,空置的;空缺的;空虚的,茫然的
Surely we’re still better off than those who wear rags and sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings...
当然我们仍旧比那些穿着破衣烂衫,睡在街道上或者空置的大楼里的人的生活好得多……
知识延伸
vacant seats空座位
a vacant expression茫然若失的表情
知识运用
①剧院里有许多空座位。
There are many 　　　　　　　　　　in the theatre.
②他凝望着天空,一脸茫然若失的样子。
He stared into space 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on his face.
③在成人礼现场,所有的师生都在聆听校长的演讲,座无虚席。
At the coming-of-age ceremony,all the teachers and students were listening to the headmaster’s speech　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　 .
5.feast n.(宗教的)节日;盛宴,宴会　vt.尽情享用(美味佳肴)
The meals are usually feasts because there is such a surplus of good food.(P36)这些餐通常是盛宴,因为这里有很多美食。
知识延伸
a feast for ……的盛宴 feast one’s eyes on 尽情欣赏(艺术品、景色等)
feast on sth尽情享用某物
知识运用
①We feasted 　　　　　chicken and roast potatoes.
②Our reporter feasted his eyes 　　　　　the beautiful scene of Venice.
③采摘之后我们一致决定晚上一起举办一场盛宴来庆祝我们的劳动成果。

6.elect vt.选举,推选
There is a leader in each area of the town and each town has an elected leader.
城镇的每个区域都有一位领导人,每个城镇都有一位选举出来的领导人。
知识延伸
①elect sb to be...选举某人担任……
elect sb as...推选某人为…… elect to do sth选择/决定做……
②election n.选举,推选(尤指从政)
elective adj.选举的,由选举产生的;选修的 elector n.选民,有选举权的人
知识运用
①They elected Mr Johnson 　　　　　(be) their representative.
②It was a big surprise to many people that Tom was elected 　　　　　the president.
③　　　　　 (select) something around you that you share with the other person.
④正如大多数同事所期望的,Lisa当选公司总裁,这也令她父母十分开心。
Lisa’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the president of the company,as most colleagues had expected,made her parents very happy.
7.undertake vt.负责,着手做,从事;承担;承诺,答应
Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.
胡同的条件得到了很大的改善,政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。
知识延伸
undertake sth从事/承担某事 undertake to do...答应做…… undertake that...答应……
知识运用
①Nobody can undertake 　　　　　you’ll make a profit if you don’t persist.
②University professors both teach and undertake 　　　　　(do) research jobs.
③这样做,就应该帮着理解人们为什么会进行志愿工作,是什么让他们在这项工作中保持兴趣。
To do so,it should help to understand 　　　　　　　　　　　　volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
8.come into being 形成,存在,出现;产生
If laws such as these came into being,a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions.
如果像这样的法律能够形成的话,社会将需要做巨大的调整,而人们的反应也一定会各有不同。
知识延伸
come into focus明白易懂,轮廓明显 come into effect生效
come into contact with与……接触 come into existence存在
come into fashion流行起来 come into power执政
come into service开始应用 come into sight/view出现
知识运用
①According to Chinese medicine,when yin and yang are unbalance,dreams come 　　　　　being.
②当那些鸟靠近时,它们的颜色清晰了。
When those birds came near,their colours 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③我们走啊走,终于看到了大海。
We walked and walked,and the sea 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the end.
④那次战争后,这个政党开始执政。
After the war,this party 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
⑤大约两个小时的车程后,农场出现在我们的眼前。

9.show off 炫耀,夸耀;卖弄;显示
Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value—unlike in our society.
没有人想要炫耀,黄金和白银没有价值,这与我们的社会不同。
知识延伸
show sb sth=show sth to sb给某人看某物
show sb the door逐客,要某人离开
show sb around a place带领某人参观某地
show up到场,露面;变得明显,显现出来
知识运用
①It’s bad manners to show 　　　　　your wealth before others.
②I can’t wait to show you 　　　　　our beautiful villages.
③The first aircraft carrier of China has shown 　　　　　in the sea.
④终于,经过几个星期的准备,罗斯将在一次舞蹈表演上展示她的努力成果。
Finally,after weeks of preparation,Rose would 　　　　　　　　　　all her hard work in a dance performance.
10.knock into sb撞上某人
There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road!
那儿每周至少发生一次车祸,今天我差点撞上一个过马路的人。
知识延伸
knock about/around闲逛,漫游 knock down撞倒;打倒;拆除
knock at(on)敲门(窗) knock against撞击,偶然遇见
knock off减价;中断 knock over撞翻,撞倒
knock out击倒;淘汰
知识运用
①A child was in hospital last night after being knocked 　　　　　by a car.
②Just last year,I was conducting a workshop when someone knocked 　　　　　the classroom door.
③Mike knocked 　　　　　a girl while walking in the park.
④那位服务员因撞翻了玻璃杯而向那位客人道歉。
The waiter made an apology to the guest for his 　　　　　　　　　　the glass.
11.in the hope that...希望……
Sometimes we try to deposit a little or change our money into different countries’ currencies in the hope that we can make even more money.
有时我们试图存上一些钱,或者把我们的钱换成不同国家的货币,希望我们能赚更多的钱。
知识延伸
①in the hope that...表示“希望……”。that引导的是一个同位语从句,此处它可用hoping that...代替。
②类似地,in the belief that...表示“相信……”。
③hope for sth希望……
知识运用
①He fears the worst,but hopes 　　　　　the best.
②Ann intended to ring her up again 　　　　　the hope that she didn’t change her mind.
③Jones 一家搬到了中国乡村希望过上一种简单的生活。
The Jones moved to rural China　　　　 　　　　　　　　they could live a simple life.
12.比较级叠用句型
Thus,the circle goes round and round and gets more and more complicated.
这样,这个圈子不停地转,变得越来越复杂。
知识延伸
①比较级叠用表示“越来越……”。
②加more构成的比较级,只需要重复使用more,形容词或副词本身则不需要重复。
知识运用
①琼斯夫人发现她十岁的儿子越来越善解人意了。
Mrs Jones found that her ten-year-old son was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②一旦那样的事发生,我只是不断地把我的学习推得越来越晚。
Once that happened,I just kept pushing my studying 　　　　　　　back in my day.
③正如全世界人民所见,中国现在正变得越来越强大。

13.not...but...不是……而是……
Not increased happiness,but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.
(结果)不是更快乐了,而是压力(增加了),独处和享受与朋友、家人共处的自由支配时间更少了。
知识延伸
①此处的not...but...“不是……而是……”,表示取舍关系,常连接主语、表语和宾语。
②当not...but...连接句子主语时,谓语动词应按就近一致原则来确定人称和数。
③but在此结构中是一个介词,它还常用作并列连词,表示转折,连接并列句。
知识运用
①Not his sister but his two cousins 　　　(go) to Hainan Island,and have never been seen.
②To those children,what they hope to get is not money 　　　　　love.
③真正打动我们的是他的责任感而不是措施本身

14.It’s(high/about)time that...句型
As a society,it’s high time that we took these issues more seriously.
作为一个社会来说,是我们该更加认真地对待这些问题的时候了。
知识延伸
①It’s(high/about)time that...早该做某事了;是做某事的时间了。
②在that从句中,谓语动词应用过去时态。
③在It’s time后跟名词时,应用It’s time for+n.结构。
④也常用结构It’s time(for sb)to do sth表示“该是某人做某事的时候了”。
知识运用
①It’s time that you 　　　　　(concentrate) on your study.
②随着你技能的提高,该是你和队友进行比赛的时候了,这最会让你兴奋。
With your skills improving,it’s time that you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　your teammates,which excites you most.
③该是政府采取措施阻止这样的事情再发生的时候了。
It’s high time that the government 　　　　　　　　　　to stop such things from happening again.
④作为成年人,现在是我们应当考虑多为社会做贡献的时候了。
As adults now,　　　　　 　　　　　　　　more contributions to the society.
15.I’d rather that...句型
I’d rather you didn’t bite your fingernails in front of me.
我宁愿你不在我面前咬你的手指甲。
知识延伸
①I’d rather that...句型表示“我宁愿……”。
②该句型后面的从句应用虚拟语气,表示现在或将来情况时从句用过去时,表示过去情况时从句则应用过去完成时。
知识运用
①They would rather that they 　　　　　(hide) in the cave last Sunday when it was raining.
②I’d rather that our Chinese teacher 　　　　　(tell)us more interesting stories in tomorrow’s class.
③She was displeased with absolutely everything,nothing was right and I was rather　　　　　 (surprise) that she became a “regular”.
④比尔宁愿选择到中国学习。
Bill would rather he　　　　　 　　　　　to study in China.
参考答案
1.①in　②abundance　③abundant　④in abundance　⑤an abundance of
2.①accumulating　②a　③accumulation　④accumulate rich English knowledge
3.①on　②with　③a　④is burdened with
4.①vacant seats　②with a vacant expression　③without even a vacant seat
5.①on　②on　③After picking,we agreed on holding a feast together in celebration of our labor work.
6.①to be　②as　③Select　④being elected as
7.①that　②to do　③why people undertake
8.①into　②came into focus　③came into sight/view　④came into power　⑤About 2 hours’ drive,the farm finally came into our sight.
9.①off　②around　③up　④show off
10.①down　②at　③into　④knocking over
11.①for　②in　③in the hope that
12.①more and more considerate　②further and further　③As people throughout the world can see,China is now becoming stronger and stronger.
13.①have gone　②but　③What really impressed us was not the measure itself but his responsibility.
14.①concentrated　②had competitions with　③took measures　④it’s high time that we should make
15.①had hidden　②told　③surprised　④had chosen