北师大版选修八：Unit 23 Conflict词汇+短语+句型基础知识学案

2022高考英语一轮基础知识复习（词汇+句型+语法）
（北师大版 选修八 unit 23）
1.expose vt.显露,使暴露,使曝光,揭露
Yang Ming’s neighbours say they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise.
杨明的邻居们说处于这样的噪音中他们快要被逼疯了。
知识延伸
①expose sth/sb/oneself (to sth/sb)使……暴露(于);使面临;使接触
keep/be exposed to处于可能受伤害的境遇
②exposed adj.无遮蔽的;不挡风雨的;易受攻击的
exposure n.面临,遭受;揭露
知识运用
①She said social media firms were exposing children 　　　　　major emotional risks...
②　　　　　 (expose) to a “harsh and unpredictable” environment leads to faster development.
③接触国内外经典作品使他如此学识渊博。
　　　 　　　　　　　domestic and foreign classics has made him so knowledgeable.
2.classify vt.把……分类
Yang Ming hates being called an alcoholic,but it is the fact that people have classified his music as “noise” that upsets him most.
除了讨厌被人叫作酒鬼,他最伤心的是人们将他的音乐归类为“噪音”。
知识延伸
①classify...into...把……分成…… classify...according to/by...按……分类
classify...as...把……定为……
②classified adj.分类的
知识运用
①Would you classify her novels 　　　　　serious literature or others
②The books in the library 　　　　　　　　　(classify) according to subjects.
③In the study,families are classified 　　　　　their income.
④把垃圾进行分类不仅可以保护环境,还可以有助于废物利用。

3.appoint vt.任命,委任;约定,指定
Do you know I was appointed head of the student union (P23)你知道我被任命为学生会主席了吗
知识延伸
①appoint sb(to be/as)...任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事 appoint sb to sp委派某人到某处任职
②appointment n.任命,委任,约会
appointed adj.指定的,约定的 make an appointment约定时间
have an appointment 有约会 keep/cancel an appointment守约/取消约会
知识运用
①After graduation,she was appointed 　　　　　assistant in English in a university.
②—Good morning,Mr Lee’s office.
—Good morning.I’d like to make an 　　　　　(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
③A committee has been appointed 　　　　　(look) into the matter.
④自从他被任命为我们班班长以来,他已经组织了很多有意义的活动。
Since he 　　　　　　　　　　monitor of our class,he has organized quite a lot of meaningful activities.
4.possession n.私有物品;拥有,持有
You’re always going off with my possessions and not giving them back.
你总是私自拿走我的物品,且不归还。
知识延伸
①in the possession of=in one’s possession 为……所占/拥有
in possession of sth拥有某物 come into one’s possession 落入某人手中,为某人所拥有
a man of great possessions富人 personal possessions私人物品
take possession of拥有,占领
②possess v.拥有,持有 be possessed of拥有(品质、特征等),具有,占有
知识运用
①This painting is of great value.How did it come 　　　　　your possession
②There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help,inform and share are not taught,but naturally 　　　　　(possess) in young children.
③All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in 　　　　　(possess) of a valid ticket before boarding.
④站在那儿的年轻女子拥有这家公司。
The young lady standing there is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the company.
5.remark v.评论;谈论;说起;谈到　n.谈论;言论;评述
One of their men,speaking in English,remarked that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over.
他们有个人说英语,提到了他在英国工作过几年,他说他对这场该死的战争早就烦透了,如果战争结束他会非常高兴。
知识延伸
①remark on/upon对……进行评论 remark that...评论……
②remarkable adj.不平常的;值得注意的;非凡的
remarkably adv.不平常地;值得注意地;非凡地
be remarkable for因……而著名
知识运用
①A local newspaper remarked 　　　　　in America crime was on the increase.
②My life improved 　　　　　(remark) when I discovered art.
③All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more 　　　　　(remark).
④校长说作为成年人,我们需要肩负更多的责任。

6.distribute vt.分发,分配,散布,分布
Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed the lot.
比尔把啤酒分给大家,我们喝了很多。
知识延伸
①distribute sth to/among把某物分(发、配)给……
distribute...over...把……配给(分散、分布于)……
②distribution n.分配,分发
知识运用
①Clothes,blankets,foods and drinks have been distributed 　　　　　the refugees.
②The 　　　　　(distribute) of these languages is hugely uneven.
③这种蝴蝶在我国广泛分布。
This species of butterfly 　　　　　widely 　　　　　　　　　　our country.
7.intend vt.想要,打算,意图;意指
Unless I receive a positive reply within the next three weeks,I intend to make further action.
除非我在接下来的三个星期内收到肯定的答复,否则我打算采取进一步的行动。
知识延伸
①intend to do/doing sth打算做某事
intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 be intended for为……打算(或设计)的
with the intention of doing sth为了;以……为目的
have no intention of doing sth不打算做某事 intention of doing/to do sth想要做某事
without intention无意地 with good intentions善意地,诚意地
②intention n.意图;目的
知识运用
①The journey was intended 　　　　　(achieve) more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.
②Understanding her good 　　　　　(intend),I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.
③In the village,people often eat until they are 80% full,in which case,however,this healthy eating habit had been intended 　　　　　(cope) with food shortage at first.
④豪尔本打算告诉那位妈妈真相,但进一步考虑后,他打消了这个念头。
Howl 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the mother the truth,but on second thoughts,he gave up the idea.
8.expense n.费用,开支;代价;做某工作或为某目的花费的钱(pl.)
The film All Quiet on the Western Front was made in 1930 at huge expense with what was then an enormous budget of one and a quarter million dollars
电影《安静的西部战线》于1930年制作,耗资巨大,当时花了一百二十五万美元。
知识延伸
at one’s expense=at the expense of sb由某人付钱;花某人的钱
at the expense of以……为代价;牺牲……
at any expense=at any cost不管花多少钱;不管牺牲多大
spare no expense不惜花费;不惜费用
regardless of expense不惜花费;不惜费用
知识运用
①This pie graph shows one month’s 　　　　　(expense).
②The cars were produced quickly 　　　　　the expense of safety.
③他获得了名声,却牺牲了健康和幸福。

9.hand over 把……交给,交出,移交(权力,责任)
Friction between the family-run business and the military government first became serious when the owner wouldn’t hand over his “secret recipe”.
当所有者不移交他的“秘方”时,家族企业与军方之间的摩擦首先变得严重起来。
知识延伸
hand back归还 hand down传给(后代) hand out分发
hand in交上,提交 hand in hand手拉手 by hand手工
知识运用
①She said with a smile,　　　　　 (hand) over seven tickets.
②Within a short time,however,the burden of caring for the animal is handed over 　　　　　the parents.
③My washing machine is being repaired this week,so I have to wash my clothes 　　　　　hand.
④中国女排的精神必须代代相传。
The spirit of Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team must 　　　　　　　from generation to generation.
10.sort out 解决(问题或困难);挑出;拣出;整理
Well,what I suggest is that you come along to our office with a doctor’s certificate and we can sort out the money for your injury on the spot.
哦,我建议你带着医生的证明来我们办公室,我们可以当场为你赔偿受伤的费用。
知识延伸
sort sth out (from sth)(从……中)区分出来;辨别出来 sort through sth (for sth)翻查;归整
sort...into...把……分成…… make out理解,辨认出;起草,说明
pick out挑选 clear out清除
知识运用
①Sort 　　　　　these papers and fasten them together with a clip,please.
②I can’t make 　　　　　what that sign says;it’s too far away.
③I must clear 　　　　　the garage,and there’s hardly enough room for the car.
④最后我抽出时间来把所有的书都归类。
At last I spared some time to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　different categories.
11.no sooner...than...句型
No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep
他们刚一搬进去,声音就开始了,几乎没有睡过一个好觉。
知识延伸
①no sooner...than...表示“一……就……”,no sooner所在部分应用过去完成时态,把no sooner放在句首时,前一分句使用部分倒装结构。
②该结构和hardly/scarcely...when...结构表达的意义相同,结构也相同。注意:这两个结构都用以描述过去的情况。
知识运用
①No sooner had he heard the news 　　　　　he began to cry.
②Hardly had the lady got off the bus 　　　　　she realized that she had lost her necklace.
Ann had finished washing the clothes when her mother told her to sweep the floor.
→③　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　finished washing the clothes than her mother told her to sweep the floor.
→④　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　washing the clothes when her mother told her to sweep the floor.
12.climb out of the trench爬出战壕
Two of our men then threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench with their hands above their heads as our representatives.
我们中的两个人作为代表,扔掉装备,从战壕中爬出来,手举在头上。
知识延伸
句中的climb out of the trench表示“爬出战壕”。注意下面含有out of的短语:
out of work失业 out of one’s reach够不着 out of repair失修
out of order有毛病 out of date过时 out of danger脱险
out of sight看不见 out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能
out of shape变形 out of control失控 out of range在……范围之外
知识运用
①It’s dangerous for a kid to stick its head out 　　　　　a car while it’s running.
②—What happened today You were looking extremely good at the start.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,听力)
—I blew it!The car was a bit out of　　　　　(control).
③我不确定我和那头不知从哪儿出现的雌性大猩猩谁更害怕。
I’m not sure who is more frightened,me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④这本词典过时了,自从它出版以来,这门语言已增添了许多单词。
The dictionary is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　:many words have been added to the language since it was published.
⑤那位妈妈站在那儿一直到看不见她儿子所乘的车。
The mother stood there until the train her son was on was　　　　　 　　　　　.
13.as...as...句型
...their trenches were in as bad a state as our own.
……他们的战壕和我们的战壕状况一样差。
知识延伸
①as...as...是同类比较的一种常用结构,表示“……和……一样……”,两个as之间应用形容词或副词原级。
②否定句可用not as...as...或not so...as...。
③中间的形容词如果修饰单数可数名词,则应用as+ adj.+a(n)+n.结构。
知识运用
①As with English study,listening is 　　　　　important as reading.
②However,race walking does not pound the body as 　　　　　as running does,Dr.Norberg says.
③家庭也可以与小到7岁的儿童一起体验家庭野营计划。
Families can enjoy the experience together,too,with Family Camp programs for families with children 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　7.
14.“the+比较级,the+比较级”句型
In fact,the more I use the bike,the more weight I seem to put on,despite following the instruction manual carefully.
事实上,虽然我按照说明认真去做,但是我骑车的次数越多,体重增加的就越多。
知识延伸
“the+比较级,the+比较级”是固定句型,表示“越……,就越……”。前面的“the+比较级”相当于一个条件状语从句,后面的“the+比较级”相当于一个主句,故后者如果用一般将来时态,前者一般用一般现在时。
知识运用
①The more stress you are under,the 　　　　　(good) your performance will be.
②The stronger a reusable bag is,the 　　　　　(long) its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.
③你越是练习某件事,你就将变得越擅长它。
　　　 　　you practice something,　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　you will become.
参考答案
1.①to　②Exposure　③Being exposed to
2.①as　②are classified　③by　④Classifying the garbage can not only help protect the environment but also do good to reusing the rubbish.
3.①as　②appointment　③to look　④was appointed
4.①into　②possessed　③possession　④in possession of
5.①that　②remarkably　③remarkable　④The headmaster remarked that we should undertake more responsibilities as adults.
6.①among/to　②distribution　③is;distributed over
7.①to achieve　②intentions　③to cope　④had intended to tell
8.①expenses　②at　③His fame was bought at the expense of his health and happiness.
9.①handing　②to　③by　④be handed down
10.①out　②out　③out　④sort all my books into
11.①than　②when　③No sooner had Ann　④Hardly/Scarcely had Ann finished
12.①of　②control　③out of nowhere　④out of date　⑤out of sight
13.①as　②much　③as young as
14.①better　②longer　③The more;the better at it