牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the worldGrammar and usage & integtaed skill 课件(42张pp

(共42张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage &
Integrated skills
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________________ n. 青霉素，盘尼西林
2．________________ n. 霉菌；模具；类型
vt. 浇铸；塑造
3．________________ n. 细菌(sing. ________________)
4．________________ n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇
5．________________ n. 闪电
6．________________ n. 学说，理论，原理；看法，意见
7．________________ n. 雷雨；雷暴
8．________________ n. 带子，丝带；带状物
9．________________ n. 金属
10．________________ adj. 突出的
n. 突出的人(或物)
penicillin
mould
bacteria
bacterium
accident
lightning
theory
thunderstorm
ribbon
metal
standout
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→___________ adj.附近的；四周的→___________ n．[pl.]环境；周围的事物
2．________ vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→________ n．表明；象征
3．________ adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→__________ n．智力，智慧；悟性
4．________ (AmE ________) vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于　n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
surround
surrounding
surroundings
indicate
indication
intelligent
intelligence
favour
favor
5．________ n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→________ adj.政治(上)的；对政治感兴趣的→________ n．政策，方针
6．________ n．电，电能→________ adj.电的，发电的，电动的→________ adj.电的；与电有关的
7．________ vt.& vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满　n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管
8．________ n．突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击　vi.& vt.砸，砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞
politician
political
policy
electricity
electric
electrical
charge
bang
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 偶然，意外地
2．________________ 把……制成……
3．________________ 引起某人的注意
4．________________ 远非，完全不是
5．________________ 锻炼；进展；解决(问题)；计算出
6．________________ 通过，穿过；经受，经历，检查
7．________________ 提出，提议；将……提前
by accident
make...into...
catch the attention of sb.
far from
work out
go through
put forward
8．________________ 旨在做某事，力争做某事
9．________________ 对……感兴趣
10．________________ (以某种方式)发生；离开；爆炸；(电灯)熄灭；(电)中断；停止运动
11．________________ 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
12．________________ 显示，展示；炫耀，卖弄
13．________________ 非常有趣地
14．________________ 亲身感受
aim to do sth.
take an interest in
go off
with a bang
show off
with great interest
get a taste of
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．正如路易·巴斯德所说：“运气眷顾有准备的人。”
_________________， “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
2．然后他将一把金属钥匙系在丝带和风筝线相连的地方。
Then he attached a metal key _____________________________．
3．然而，有些人质疑他是否真地做了这个实验，他们争论说，如果他真地做了，他会受到致命的电击。
However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, arguing that if _____________________________________
________________．
As Louis Pasteur said
where the ribbon and kite line joined
he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock
重点词汇
1.surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围
(1)be surrounded by/with... 被……环绕/包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
(3)surroundings n. [pl.]环境
in... surroundings 在……环境中
Our house is surrounded by/with trees, so we can enjoy their shade in summer.
我们的房子被树木环绕，所以夏天我们可以在树荫下乘凉。
Surrounded by a thick forest, the ancient city hadn't been discovered until the 1990s.
由于被茂密的森林环绕，这座古城直到20世纪90年代才被发现。
The house surrounded by the police belongs to a rich man.
这座被警察包围了的房子属于一个有钱人。
Recently, she moved to a new house. Surrounded by mountains, her house is very beautiful. She is very satisfied with the surrounding scenery and will soon adapt herself to the new surroundings. 最近，她搬了新家。她的家被群山环绕着，非常美丽。她对周围的风景很满意，她很快就会适应新环境。
surrounded by/with可在句中作状语、定语或宾语补足语，surround与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
用surround的适当形式填空
①He likes to live in the ____________ which are quiet and beautiful. So last month he bought a big new house in the countryside, which is _________ by many big trees. The ___________ scenery is also very nice. He is very satisfied with the new house.
②The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which ____________ by a high wire fence.
③__________ by green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain, it is a famous tourist attraction.
surroundings
surrounded
surrounding
was surrounded
Surrounded
2.by accident 偶然，意外地
Be sure to remember that success in your life doesn't happen by accident；it's actually the result of your hard work.
切记你人生中的成功不是偶然发生的，它实际上是你努力工作的结果。
I found the long lost wedding ring by accident when I was cleaning the room.
我在打扫房间时，意外地发现了这枚丢失很久的婚戒。
拓展：
(1)表示“偶然，意外地”的词语还有accidentally, casually, by chance。
I got this English-Chinese dictionary by chance at a second-hand bookshop. 我碰巧在一家旧书店里买到了这本英汉词典。
(2)表示“有意地，故意地”的词语有by design, on purpose。
I sincerely regret that I have hurt your feelings, but I didn't do it on purpose. 我由衷地后悔伤害了你的感情，不过我不是故意这样做的。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①You sometimes hurt your family members or friends ________ accident but I'm sure you don't hurt them ________ purpose.
②你认为他没有露面纯属巧合还是有心为之？
Do you think that he didn't turn up _______________________or _________________？
by
on
by accident/by chance
by design/on purpose
3.favour vt.较喜欢；有利于　n．[C]恩惠，帮助；[U]赞同，支持
(1)do sb. a favour 帮某人的忙
(2)ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请求某人帮忙
(3)in favour of 赞成，支持
(4)in one's favour 对某人有利
(5)favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的
(6)favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的
She always felt that her parents favoured her brother. 她总觉得父母偏爱弟弟。
The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants.
温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。
Could you do me a favour—would you feed my cat this weekend
你能帮我个忙——这周末帮我喂猫吗？
I am in favour of exercise, but it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
我赞成运动，但是在就寝之前运动绝不是一个好主意。
This applicant has a lot in her favour, especially her experience of teaching.
这位求职者有很多优势，尤其是她执教的经历。
The disease spreads quickly under favourable conditions.
这种病在合适的条件下会传播得很快。
提示：
“favourable adj. 特别受喜爱的”没有比较级和最高级．
favour的相关短语完成句子
①How is everything going I am writing to ask you to____________(帮我个忙).
②They were excited because the score was 3～1______________(对他们有利).
③A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city were ___________ (支持) the proposal for health care reform.
④The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. ______________ (请求……帮忙) the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
do me a favour
in their favour
in favour of
Asking a favour of
4．charge vt.& vi.充电；收费，要价　n．[C，U]要价，收费　vt.& n．[C，U]控告；指控；　n．[U]掌管，主管
(1)charge... for... 因……向……收费
charge for... 收……的费用
free of charge (＝for free) 免费
(2)charge sb. with (doing) sth.
＝accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 控告/指控某人(做)某事
on a charge (of sth.) (因某事)被指控
(3)in charge 负责
in charge of... 主管/负责……(表状态，主语通常为人)
in the charge of sb. 由某人掌管(主语通常为物)
take charge of... 掌管/负责……(表动作)
It's not working—I don't think the battery is charging.
它不管用——我觉得电池没有在充电。
I wonder how much you charge for your service. 我想知道你们收取多少服务费。
The restaurant charged us 400 yuan for the wine. 这家餐厅收了我们400元的酒水钱。
If you buy this machine, the delivery will be free of charge.
如果你买这台机器，我们将免费送货。
The newspaper charged her with using the company's money for her own purposes.
这家报社指控她将公司的钱挪作私用。
He has been arrested on a charge of theft.他因盗窃罪而被捕。
I'm not in charge of the project. Mr Brown is the person in charge.
我不负责这个工程。布朗先生是负责人。
①The boss asked John to take charge of the company for a few days while he was away.
老板请约翰在他离开的几天里掌管公司。
②This factory is in the charge of Mr Green.
格林先生负责这家工厂。
判断下列句子中的charge的词性和含义/单句语法填空/结合charge的用法完成句子
①The restaurant has a minimum charge of $50 per person, so the four of us need to pay at least $200. __________
②If your card has been lost, a fee of ￡ 5 is charged for the production of a replacement card.________________
③The phone won't work if it isn't charged．__________
④Two men have been charged in connection with the attack.__________
⑤We won't charge customers ________ on-site parking and provide high-speed Wi-Fi.
n.收费
vt.收费，要价
vt.充电
vt.控告，指控
for
⑥The court charged him ________ carrying dangerous products.
⑦Please ensure that you bring your existing card with you. Your replacement card will be produced free ________ charge.
⑧这台手术是由一位来自北京的专家负责做的。
The operation was _____________ an expert from Beijing.
⑨在她负责之前，公司运营得很糟糕。
The company was badly operated before she ______________________ it.
with
of
in the charge of
took charge of/was in charge of
5．go off(以某种方式)发生；爆炸；开火；(警报器等)突然发出巨响；(电灯)熄灭，(电)中断，停止运行；(食物、食料)变质；离开(尤指去做某事)
The vote went off all right. 投票进行得十分顺利。
This robot is designed to take apart bombs that may go off.
设计这种机器人就是用来拆除那些可能爆炸的炸弹的。
I overslept this morning because my alarm clock didn't go off.
今天早晨我睡过了头，因为我的闹钟没有响。
The street lights will go on when it gets dark and go off at midnight.
街灯在天黑时会亮起，午夜熄灭。
The central heating in the building goes off at 10 pm.
大楼的中央供暖系统晚上10点停止运行。
助记：
①You'd better put the fish in the fridge, or it will soon go off in this hot weather.
你最好把鱼肉放在冰箱里，否则天气这么热，它很快就会变质。
②My parents both retired and went off to lead an easy life in the countryside.
我父母都退休了，去乡下过安逸的生活。
选出能替换画线部分的词语/完成句子
①Before I went off to go to university my father gave me a few words of wisdom.(got away/got over)________________
②Take the chicken out of the oven when the timer goes off. (rings out/hangs out)________________
③The whole village fell into total darkness when the lights went off. (went out/cut off)________________
④He sold the vegetables at half price rather than let them go off. (go bad/go well)________________
⑤There was a huge bang outside, for fireworks were going off in the sky. (expanding/exploding)________________
⑥整个会议按照我们的计划进行。
The whole conference ____________ just as we had planned.
got away
rings out
went out
go bad
exploding
went off
重点句型解构
As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”正如路易·巴斯德所说：“运气眷顾有准备的人。”
[句式分析]　句中“As Louis Pasteur said”为定语从句
as引导的非限制性定语从句
(1)as用作关系代词时，可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”，as在从句中作宾语或主语，从句的位置比较灵活，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.”
正如维克多·雨果曾说：“笑声如暖阳，驱走人们脸上的寒冷冬意。”(As在从句中作宾语，指代的是“Laughter is...the human face”)
As is well known to all, the famous American writer, Mark Twain, wrote many humorous stories. 众所周知，著名的美国作家马克·吐温写了很多幽默的故事。(As在从句中作主语，指代的是“the famous American writer...stories”)
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下搭配：
as is well known to all(＝as we all know) 众所周知
as you can see 正如你所看见的
as everybody knows 正如每个人所了解的那样
as is reported 如报道所说
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as is supposed 如所料想的
as is hoped 正如所希望的
as has been said before 如前所述
As we all know, Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer. 众所周知，鲁迅是—位伟大的中国作家。
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
She is very patient, as is shown in her work.
她很有耐心，正如她在工作中表现出来的那样。
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
关系代词 意义 先行词 从句位置
as 正如，就像 整个主句 句首、句中或句末
which 这一点，这/那 名词、名词性短语或整个主句 句中或句末
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.
②She and her family bicycle to work, ________helps them keep fit.
③ ________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
④ ________ is well known to all, light travels faster than sound.
which
which
As
As
⑤众所周知，在家吃饭比在餐馆吃饭健康得多，也更便宜。
______________________________， eating at home is much healthier and less costly than eating in a restaurant.
⑥正如所希望的那样，玛丽获得了一等奖。
__________， Mary has won first prize.
⑦正如你所看到的，孩子们很受激励，也满怀热情地去阅读所有这些书。
_____________， the children are really encouraged, and they are also enthusiastic about reading all of these books.
As we all know/As is well known to all
As is hoped
As you can see
2.Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. 然后他将一把金属钥匙系在丝带和风筝线相连的地方。
　此处为where引导的地点状语从句，修饰动词attached。
where引导的地点状语从句
where引导地点状语从句时为从属连词，在从句中作状语，意为“在……的地方”。where引导的地点状语从句用于对主句中的谓语动词进行说明，where前面没有表示地点的名词。where引导的地点状语从句可置于主句之前，也可置于主句之后。
Make marks where you have questions.在你有疑问的地方做标记。
He lives where the climate is mild.他住在一个气候温和的地方。
where引导的定语从句/where引导的地点状语从句
从句类型 区别
where引导的定语从句 where为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where可以换成“介词＋which”结构。
Is there a shop around where(＝in which)we can buy some fruit？附近有没有一家我们可以买到一些水果的商店？
where引导的地点状语从句 where为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句用于对主句中的谓语动词进行说明，where前面没有表示地点的名词。
The school was built where there had once been a park. 学校建在一座公园的旧址上。
判断下面句子中where引导的从句类型/完成句子
①Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks．________________
②You should put the dictionary where you can find it easily．________________
③Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her．________________
④如果衣服不适合您，请放回原处。
If the clothes don't fit you, please _____________________．(where)
定语从句
地点状语从句
地点状语从句
put them where they were
3.However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, arguing that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock. 然而，有些人质疑他是否真地做了这个实验，他们争论说，如果他真地做了，他会受到致命的电击。
句中“if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock”为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
If I had seen him yesterday, I would have told him the news.
我如果昨天见到他的话，就会把这个消息告诉他。(事实是我昨天没有见到他)
If we had known that she was to arrive yesterday, we could have met her at the station.
我们如果知道她昨天到，就可以到车站接她了。(事实是我们不知道她昨天到)
与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
语法意义：表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句谓语的形式：过去式(be动词通常用were)
主句谓语的形式：would/could/should/might＋动词原形
If I were you, I wouldn't do it like that. 假如我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
lf I had enough money, I might buy myself a computer. 如果我有足够的钱，我会给自己买一台电脑。
单句语法填空
①You didn't let me drive. If we ________ (drive) in turn, you wouldn't have got so tired.
②If the new safety system ___________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
③We _______________________ (be) back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
had driven
had been put
would/could/should/might be
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I should have c________ my cellphone last night. Now the battery is running out.
2．When it comes to renewable energy, what occurs to me is s________ energy.
3．It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research ________(表明) that the numbers have been rising for some time.
4．The ________(事故) was similar to the one that happened in 1973.
5．Two people got trapped in the lift this morning when the ________ (电) was cut off.
6．While all the desserts are pretty good, the clear ________ (突出的物) is the lemon pie.
charged
solar
indicates
accident
electricity
standout
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I always dream of having a house __________ by trees, flowers and grass. If I can live in such beautiful _____________， I must feel happy every day. As we know, the ___________ things can always have an effect on our mood. (surround)
2．I'm not going there again—they charged me $ 10 ________ a cup of coffee!
3．You were charged ________ ignoring your duty. Who accused you ________ such a crime
4．If they _____________ (consider) everything, they would not have made such a mistake.
surrounded
surroundings
surrounding
for
with
of
had considered
5．________ I explained on the phone, your request would be discussed at the next meeting.
6．There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge ________ him.
7．I am ________ favour of your suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.
As
of
in
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．湖边树木环绕，很多游客在这里拍照。
The lake __________________ trees and many visitors take photos here.(surround)
2．约翰，坐在我能看见你的地方。
John, sit ________________．(where引导的地点状语从句)
3．正如报纸上所报道的那样，两国之间的会谈进行得很顺利。
________________ in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are going smoothly. (as引导的非限制性定语从句)
4．如果我们没有做充分的准备，这次会议是不会这么成功的。
_____________________________， the conference wouldn't have been so successful.(虚拟语气)
is surrounded with/by
where I can see you
As is reported
If we hadn't made full preparations