九年级全Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected Section A (Grammar Focus-4c) 课件（共有PPT20张）

(共20张PPT)
Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)
Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
学习目标
Key words & phrases:
cream, workday, show up, bean, market, by the end of
Key sentences:
1.By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already shown up.
2. When she arrived at the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog. .
To learn the past perfect tense.
Presentation
Grammar Focus
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
Grammar
过去完成时：用来描述在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。(过去的过去)
由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构成。否定式：had not + 过去分词 。缩写形式：hadn’t + 过去分词 。
语法概述
过去完成时的句式结构
(1) 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
(2) 否定句：主语 + hadn’t + 过去分词 + 其他.
(3) 一般疑问句：Had+ 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.
否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t.
过去完成时的用法
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间动作之前已经发生或完成，常与by、 before等构成的时间短语连用。
常用在said、told、knew、heard、realized等后面的宾语从句中。
(3) 在含有when、 before等引导的时间状语从句的复 合句中， 如果从句的时态为一般过去式，主句常用过去完成时。
(4) 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到，因此可通过分析语境来确定时态。
过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间以前（即过去的过去）发生的动作或存在的状态。
Practice
4a
Make sentences using by the time or before.
1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up.
____________________________________
____________________________________
2. The coffee became cold. I put cream in the coffee.
__________________________________
__________________________________
Before I put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
By the time Mary got up,Tim had
already gone into the bathroom.
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.
________________________________________
________________________________________
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday ended.
________________________________________
________________________________________
By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.
5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema.
__________________________________
__________________________________
6. My mother finished making the apple pie.
I got home from my language course.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
The movie had started before I arrived at the cinema.
By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else ____ already _________.
2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he ____________ to add the green beans.
3. By the time my mother came back from the market, I ______ already __________ of the door to go to my piano lesson.
rush out
forget
arrive at
go into
show up
find out
had
shown up
had forgotten
had
rushed out
4. Before she got to the airport, she _____________ about the earthquake.
5. When she _________ the movie theatre, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he _____________ the building.
arrived at
had gone into
had found out
rush out
forget
arrive at
go into
show up
find out
4c
Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.
By the time I left for school in the morning, _______________.
By the end of the school day, ___________________________.
By dinner time, I _____________________________________.
Language points
By the end of the school day, … (教材P92 4c)
by the end of 在（某时间点）以前
by the end of 含有“不迟于”的意思。通常情况下，根据by the end of后接的时间的不同，主句选用相应的时态：
(1) 接将来的时间，主句用一般将来时。
By the end of next month, I will go to Shanghai to attend a meeting.
By the end of last month, I had read 3 books.
(2) 接现在的时间，句子用现在完成时。
By now, we have learned 6 English songs.
(3) 接过去的时间，句子用过去完成时。
By the end of last month, I had read 3 books.
Exercises
一、单项选择
1. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie _______ for 10 minutes.
A. has been on B. had been on
C. had stopped D. had begun
2. Robert was very upset that most of his friends _______ when he ______ at the party.
A. left; had arrived B. had left; arrived
C. left; arrived D. had left; had arrived
B
B
3. She _______ her keys in her office so she had to wait until her husband ______ home.
A. has left; comes B. had left; would come
C. had left; came D. left; had come
4. She said she ________ the story already.
A. has read B. read
C. will read D. had read
5. They ______ 100 hundred trees by last weekend.
A. planted B. have planted
C. will have planted D. had planted
C
D
D
二、句型转换
1.I had cooked the dinner when my parents came back. (改为否定句)
I __________ _________ the dinner when my parents came back.
2.Mary’s brother went into the bathroom and then Mary got up. (改写句子)
When Mary _____ ______ , her brother ____ ____ ___ the bathroom.
3.By the time she got up, her mother had gone to work. (对画线部分提问)
______ _____her mother done by the time she got up
hadn’t cooked
had been in
got up
What had
Homework
Preview the new words and phrases in Section B(1a-1e).
Do the exercises in students’ book.
Thank you!