2021-2022 学年度第一学期高三年级第二次月考
高三年级英语科试卷
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
See the world and make a difference
Are you passionate about wildlife, earth science or the environment If so, why not join a citizen science tour These study trips allow you to participate in scientific research through observation and data collection.
Earthwatch
The environmental charity Earthwatch has been sending volunteers on research trips for nearly fifty years. The firm's latest tour takes citizen scientists to Peru on a weeklong journey to photograph, measure and collect genetic samples of fish to help stop overfishing.
Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic
Lindbiad Expeditions-National Geographic was successful in launching last year's pilot program, Citizen Science BioBlitz. Trips starting this year will follow whales in Alaska, sharks in the South Pacific and study microplastics in the Antarctic.
Shinta Mani Wild
Shinta Mani Wild, a new tented camp in Cambodia's Cardamom Mountains, has partnered with the Cambodian government to safeguard an 800-acre river valley from poaching (偷猎) and mining “Our guests get real excitement from hopping on the back of a motorbike to save local wildlife, said Sangjay Choegyal, the general manager. NOTE: A minimum three-night stay is required and participants must be at least 13 years old.
Biosphere Expeditions
The international nonprofit Biosphere Expeditions has launched a series of new trips including monitoring the “Big Five” in Kenya. "Hard data forms the core of all scientific arguments, and we encourage people to collect useful data to help preserve the planet,said Matthias Hammer, executive director of Biosphere Expeditions.
1. Which of the following may best suit those concerned about oceanic pollution
A. Earthwatch. B. Shinta Mani Wild.
C. Biosphere Expeditions. D. Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic.
2. What do we know about Shinta Mani Wild
A. It aims to stop overfishing.
B. It welcomes young children.
C. Its participants spend nights in the wild.
D. Its participants get the chance to go hunting.
3. What did Matthias Hammer stress
A. The harm poaching has done to wildlife.
B. The urgency of saving endangered animals.
C. The role scientific argument play in education.
D. The importance of data to environmental protection.
B
I absolutely hate talking on the phone. But it seems as if there are a group of people who hate the inconvenience of talking on the phone even more than me: screenwriters. Watch any fi1m or TV show, and you're likely to notice the fact that characters hardly say "goodbye" at the end of phone calls. After the main part of a conversation is dropped, it's very common for the phone call to abruptly end. There are no voices clumsily saying "bye" and no awkward variations on“speak soon". Just pure silence.
I'm not the only one who is annoyed by the lack of on-screen goodbyes. It does seem quite rude/after all, even 81% of Millennials(千禧一代) who find phone calls "anxiety-inducing(诱发焦虑的)”still try their best to be polite once they are on the phone. But is it something people actually do It seems like it's a no at least in the UK.
Maybe it's an American thing This seems doubtful, too. There is a whole thread on Reddit where Americans are insistent that not saying "goodbye" is not a part of their culture. There is also a fact that, on US reality TV shows, it's very common to see stars saying "goodbye" to each other unless a person is hanging up in anger.
So it seems as if it's an intentional decision in scripted (有剧本的) TV shows and films. But why would screenwriters do this The disappearance of phone call farewells has probably got more to do with something much more boring time management. When a show is 23 minutes long, every second is precious and getting straight to the point is essential. If you surf the Internet looking for information on how to write dialogues, you'll find that "avoiding small talk" is on almost every how-to list.
Goodbyes' being sidelined from our screens has become a major hang-up for detail-conscious viewers. It's an instant and awkward reminder that the conversation we are watching is completely scripted. And that is a bad call,if you ask me.
4. What is the function of Paragraph 1
A. To explain a common phenomenon in films or TV shows.
B. To show the author's comments on screenwriters.
C. To stress the inconvenience of phone calls.
D. To present the main idea of the text.
5. What can we know about Millennials
A. They don't have good social relationships.
B. They don't feel like making phone calls.
C. They seem to be rude on the phone.
D. They can be easily annoyed.
6. Why do screen writers often leave out“goodbyes" at the end of calls
A. To make the conversation more authentic.
B. To leave room for imagination.
C. To save precious time.
D. To lead a new fashion.
7. What's the author's attitude to the disappearance of “goodbyes”on the phone
A. Supportive B. Ambiguous
C. Unconcerned D. Opposed
C
Colin Chapman, the founder of Lotus Cars, was one of motor racing's most influential engineers. He summed up his concept as “Simplify, then add lightness”. A stripped-down (精简的), featherweight car might be slower on the straights than a beefy machine, he reasoned. But it would be faster everywhere else, Between 1962 and 1978, Lotus won seven F1, constructors championships. Meanwhile, as a legend in the history of F1, Colin Chapman generously funded the sport for years.
A paper published in Nature suggests that humans struggle with subtractive (减法的) thinking. In one observational study, 100 participants were asked to change a pattern on a grid of colored squares to make it symmetrical (对称的). Although that could be done equally well by adding new squares or by deleting existing ones, 78% chose the additive option. Other tasks gave similar results. In three different studies involving changing structures built from blocks, just 2-12% of the respondents chose to remove blocks. Asked to polish an essay they had written, 16% cut words while 80% added them.
Attempts to change the situation where addition is overly favored by people work up to a point. One experiment asked participants to adjust an unbalanced Lego structure. Participants could ear a dollar for fixing the problem, but each piece of Lego they added cut that reward by ten cents. Then, researchers found 41% realized that simplifying the structure by removing a single block, rather than strengthening it by adding more, was the way to maximize the payout.
According to the researchers, people's preference for addition isn't limited to assembling blocks, cooking and writing. Actually, thinking in pluses instead of minuses could well contribute to messy homes, institutional red tape and even an overburdened planet. Having established that addition does indeed seem to be more popular than subtraction, it's then necessary to figure out what gives rise to people s missing an entire class of solutions. Some suppose people may have considered subtractive options, but deliberately choose not to pursue them, or that they don't even think of them in the first place. This open question requires more new sets of experiments.
8. What made Lotus a success in several F1 constructors' championships
A. Colin Chapman's specially engineered straights.
B. Colin Chapman's design philosophy of simplification.
C. Colin Chapman's excellent motor-racing skills.
D. Colin Chapman's sponsorship of the sport.
9 What can be learned from the studies in Paragraph 2
A. People find it struggling to keep things symmetrical.
B. Polishing essays is similar to changing the structures of blocks.
C Adding extra elements to an existing thing requires much thought.
D. People tend to use addition rather than subtraction in problem-solving.
10. According to the text, what will the researchers study further
A. The consequences of adopting additive thinking.
B. The necessity of raising open questions during experiments.
C. The reason behind people's preference for additive options.
D. The ways of persuading people to pursue subtractive solutions.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. Less is often more
B. The more, the better
C. The reflections on the overburdened world
D. The importance of flexibility in problem-solving
D
Eighty- four online-only open access (OA) journals in the sciences, and about 170 in the social sciences and humanities(人文学科)，have disappeared from the Internet over the past 2 decades. A study has found these journals ended up falling offline within several years after their first publication as they were not kept in good condition for some reason. An additional 900 journals published only online also may be at high risk of disappearing because they are inactive.
"There is usually a vast amount of time contributed by a lot of people behind every article, from the authors to the editors, all the way to peer-reviewers”, Mikael Laakso,a co-author of the study, explained.“The fact that all the previous online scholarly records are cut off from the world on which they once made a positive impact, for not having enough maintenance, is totally unacceptable."
A new initiative set by research funders requires maintenance systems—but most online-only journals currently lack such plans. The new preservation system requires scholars to make their articles immediately free to read upon publication. Overall, only about one-third of the 14,068 online journals published in 2019 ensure the long term preservation of their content while the rest of them are estimated to go dark in a few years.
It's not clear how many subscription-based journals also have gone dark in recent years. Subscription-based content has historically been better covered by libraries, either by having paper copies on shelves or electronically. There have been established processes and budgets in place for libraries to preserve purchased content, which put subscription-based journals in the catbird seat, when it comes to preservation. However, what is just available for anyone to download for free has not been brought into such processes and thus runs the risk of disappearing.
There's little consensus about who is ultimately responsible for the digital preservation of OA journals—publishers, libraries, or universities. Preserving OA journals may pose a particularly big financial challenge for those publishers that do not charge authors for the publication of their articles. Library budgets, meanwhile, have faced cuts. And preservation sometimes seems less important than working on the articles which European funders often use to evaluate the quality of university scholarship.
12. Why are online journals likely to disappear
A. They are out of date.
B. They are short of creative ideas.
C. They lack sufficient maintenance.
D. They no longer have academic value.
13. How does Mikael Laakso sound Paragraph 2
A. Hopeful B. Regretful.
C. Humorous. D. Indifferent.
14. How many online journals published in 2019 will disappear
A. About 9.400. B. About 4700
C. About 900. D. About 170.
15. What does the underlined part “in the catbird seat” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Out of normal operation.
B. Into a different Category.
C In an advantageous position.
D. Beyond most people's reach.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We live surrounded by advanced technology.___16___. You can get the information you want immediately over the Internet. With various technologies surrounding us, it's easy to wonder how ancient people got anything done.
Actually, all of our modern things are based on older technologies. Ancient people didn't necessarily have steel or wheels or, electronic communication. Yet, they built monument (纪念碑) even bigger than Stonehenge. ___17___. And ancient Egyptians built the pyramids — with huge mystery rooms inside.
___18___.The first "kitchen" flames were still older. Ancient human relatives cooked food over fires in Europe 800,000 years ago. The first spear-throwers threw their weapons 279,000 years ago - before modern humans existed.
At first, scientists long believed that the ancients who lived 80,000 years ago were the first to throw spears with stone tips. Then came the discovery of 279,000-year-old stone spear tips in Ethiopia These pushed the date back.___19___.
Scientists have been trying to figure out how ancient people developed their tools and build their cities and monuments.___20___. They are also recreating ancient techniques themselves — from rolling pyramid rocks to testing out ancient tar (沥青) recipes. They detect mystery holes in Great Pyramid of Giza: Using high-tech tools normally reserved for particle-physics research, scientists have found a large hidden hole inside Egypt's Great Pyramid of Giza. They have made some great discoveries, but they know there are still a lot of things waiting to be discovered.
A. Ancient people were really clever
B. Not all of these technologies are useful
C. For example, there are skyscrapers and spaceships
D. They also raised huge stone heads on Easter Island
E. They use modern technologies to explore the ancient places
F. Not all of advanced technologies were limited to modern people
G. And it has been suggested that even prehuman species hunted with spears
第二部分 英语知识运用(共三节，满分70分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One of the most important life lessons I received from my Depression-era parents was the concept of thrift (节俭). The word seems to be of no___21___today, as we live in a throwaway culture where it is often cheaper to directly___22___a broken item. And even when a repair is cheap and___23___to accomplish—think of putting a patch on a pair of jeans—the very idea seems___24___,or a waste of time.
What is always overlooked is the___25___of thrift- the idea of___26___something and giving it a second life. Years ago, when I ate up a piece of peach pie out of an aluminum pan, I asked my brother how I should___27___the pan. He responded, Throw it away! I was horrified at such a ___28___
For years, I've consistently___29___the peace pf mind that thrift provides. As the heels and toes of my socks____30____, I lay them aside until a snowy winter evening. I light a fire, put on some music, and____31____them one by one at____32____while snuggling into the sofa. In the rush of daily life, my socks allow me to____33____and enjoy a quiet evening.____34____this grace, I'm rewarded with a pile of born-again socks. I know it would be time-saving to simply throw the socks away, but that would deny me a____35____interlude(间歇).
21. A. doubt B. quality C. control D. worth
22. A. consume B. recycle C. replace D. exchange
23. A. familiar B. challenging C. ridiculous D. easy
24. A. instructive B. reasonable C. odd D. appealing
25. A. principle B. virtue C. request D. acquisition
26. A. renewing B. approving C. receiving D. claiming
27. A. wash B. handle C. select D. deliver
28. A. thought B. schedule C. condition D. coincidence
29. A. pursued B. suspected C. ignored D. shared
30. A. put off B. dry out C. turn up D. wear out
31. A. buy B. count C. mend D. design
32. A. cost B. leisure C. sight D. heart
33. A. speed up B. slow down C. take off D. stand out
34. A. Beyond B. Despite C. As to D. But for
35. A. disturbing B. busy C. complex D. cosy
第II卷(非选择题)
第二节(共10题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shakespeare and Company is an English - language bookshop in the heart of Paris. It _____36_____ (be) a meeting place for writers and readers for almost seventy years.
In 1951, a bookshop _____37_____ (name) Le Mistral was opened by George Whitman. It was renamed Shakespeare and Company in 1964 _____38_____ honor of a bookseller he admired, Sylvia Beach, who founded the _____39_____ (origin) Shakespeare and Company in 1919. Beach's bookstore had been a gathering place for great writers of the time, including Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Pound.
George's bookstore quickly became a center for literary life. From the first day, writers, artists, and intellectuals were invited _____40_____ (sleep) for free among the shelves. Since then, an estimated 30, 000 people have stayed in the bookshop. Over the years, the shop _____41_____ (gradual) grew. George said, “I _____42_____ (create) this bookstore like a man would write a novel, building each room like _____43_____ chapter, and I like people to open the door the way they open a book.”
Today George's novel, this bookshop, is still being written by George's child Sylvia, by a team of _____44_____ (bookseller), and by the thousands of people _____45_____ continue to read, write, and sleep at Shakespeare and Company.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，上周你和同学主持的校英语话剧节获得了全体师生的好评。请给你的美国笔友Chris写一封电子邮件，分享这次经历。内容包括：
1.分享喜悦；2.经验回顾；3.你的期望。
注意：1词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
How's everything going I'm excited to share my good news with you._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Little Andy was a 10-year-old kid. He had a younger brother named Johnny. Andy was the elder one, but unfortunately he was the troublemaker rather than his brother Johnny. Besides, he often put Johnny in trouble in front of their parents by lying to them so as not to carry responsibility for his actions. However, they trusted Johnny and believed him more than they believed Andy because they knew the two kids well.
Andy tried to make friends in school, but they quickly discovered how he was used to lying and how he loved to play tricks on others. Moreover, Andy always put others in trouble, which was really annoying to them. As a result, people around him stopped believing him and gradually stayed out of his way.
One day, when their parents were out of the house, Andy and Johnny were watching TV. After a while, Andy found Johnny asleep on the sofa. So Andy went to the kitchen and wanted to play a trick on Johnny. He used flour to make some easy bombs and hung them on the door trim line so that when Johnny went to the kitchen and tried to open the door the bombs would fall on him. Then Andy went to the bathroom quietly to color the soap with paints so that if Johnny washed his hands, his hands would be colored. Suddenly, their parents came back and they found that Johnny was sleeping. Their father was going to the kitchen to wash his hands, and their mother was going to the kitchen to prepare food for them. Andy tried to stop them but failed. Soon Johnny was awakened by screams. He looked at his parents and didn't know what had taken place. Their parents both had colored hands and came out of the kitchen covered with flour.
Paragraph 1:
They were extremely angry and asked who did that.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
They thought up a good idea to make Andy pay for what he had done and get rid of his bad habits.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2022届广东省惠州市高三上学期第二次月考英语试题
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
See the world and make a difference
Are you passionate about wildlife, earth science or the environment If so, why not join a citizen science tour These study trips allow you to participate in scientific research through observation and data collection.
Earthwatch
The environmental charity Earthwatch has been sending volunteers on research trips for nearly fifty years. The firm's latest tour takes citizen scientists to Peru on a weeklong journey to photograph, measure and collect genetic samples of fish to help stop overfishing.
Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic
Lindbiad Expeditions-National Geographic was successful in launching last year's pilot program, Citizen Science BioBlitz. Trips starting this year will follow whales in Alaska, sharks in the South Pacific and study microplastics in the Antarctic.
Shinta Mani Wild
Shinta Mani Wild, a new tented camp in Cambodia's Cardamom Mountains, has partnered with the Cambodian government to safeguard an 800-acre river valley from poaching (偷猎) and mining “Our guests get real excitement from hopping on the back of a motorbike to save local wildlife, said Sangjay Choegyal, the general manager. NOTE: A minimum three-night stay is required and participants must be at least 13 years old.
Biosphere Expeditions
The international nonprofit Biosphere Expeditions has launched a series of new trips including monitoring the “Big Five” in Kenya. "Hard data forms the core of all scientific arguments, and we encourage people to collect useful data to help preserve the planet,said Matthias Hammer, executive director of Biosphere Expeditions.
1. Which of the following may best suit those concerned about oceanic pollution
A. Earthwatch. B. Shinta Mani Wild.
C. Biosphere Expeditions. D. Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic.
2. What do we know about Shinta Mani Wild
A. It aims to stop overfishing.
B. It welcomes young children.
C. Its participants spend nights in the wild.
D Its participants get the chance to go hunting.
3. What did Matthias Hammer stress
A. The harm poaching has done to wildlife.
B. The urgency of saving endangered animals.
C. The role scientific argument play in education.
D. The importance of data to environmental protection.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章号召我们到外面去看看世界，改变世界，并且介绍了四个学习之旅。这些学习之旅可以让你通过观察和收集数据参与科学研究。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic中“Lindbiad Expeditions-National Geographic was successful in launching last year's pilot program, Citizen Science BioBlitz. Trips starting this year will follow whales in Alaska, sharks in the South Pacific and study microplastics in the Antarctic.（林德比德探险-国家地理成功地启动了去年的试点项目，Citizen Science BioBlitz。 今年开始的旅行将跟踪阿拉斯加的鲸鱼，南太平洋的鲨鱼，以及南极的微塑料研究）”可知，Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic最适合那些关心海洋污染的人。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Shinta Mani Wild中“A minimum three-night stay is required and participants must be at least 13 years old.(至少住宿3晚，参与者必须至少13岁)”可知，Shinta Mani Wild的参与者在野外度过夜晚。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Biosphere Expeditions中的“we encourage people to collect useful data to help preserve the planet(我们鼓励人们收集有用的数据来帮助保护地球)”可知，Matthias Hammer强调数据对环境保护的重要性。故选D。
B
I absolutely hate talking on the phone. But it seems as if there are a group of people who hate the inconvenience of talking on the phone even more than me: screenwriters. Watch any fi1m or TV show, and you're likely to notice the fact that characters hardly say "goodbye" at the end of phone calls. After the main part of a conversation is dropped, it's very common for the phone call to abruptly end. There are no voices clumsily saying "bye" and no awkward variations on“speak soon". Just pure silence.
I'm not the only one who is annoyed by the lack of on-screen goodbyes. It does seem quite rude/after all, even 81% of Millennials(千禧一代) who find phone calls "anxiety-inducing(诱发焦虑的)”still try their best to be polite once they are on the phone. But is it something people actually do It seems like it's a no at least in the UK.
Maybe it's an American thing This seems doubtful, too. There is a whole thread on Reddit where Americans are insistent that not saying "goodbye" is not a part of their culture. There is also a fact that, on US reality TV shows, it's very common to see stars saying "goodbye" to each other unless a person is hanging up in anger.
So it seems as if it's an intentional decision in scripted (有剧本的) TV shows and films. But why would screenwriters do this The disappearance of phone call farewells has probably got more to do with something much more boring time management. When a show is 23 minutes long, every second is precious and getting straight to the point is essential. If you surf the Internet looking for information on how to write dialogues, you'll find that "avoiding small talk" is on almost every how-to list.
Goodbyes' being sidelined from our screens has become a major hang-up for detail-conscious viewers. It's an instant and awkward reminder that the conversation we are watching is completely scripted. And that is a bad call,if you ask me.
4. What is the function of Paragraph 1
A. To explain a common phenomenon in films or TV shows.
B. To show the author's comments on screenwriters.
C. To stress the inconvenience of phone calls.
D. To present the main idea of the text.
5. What can we know about Millennials
A. They don't have good social relationships.
B. They don't feel like making phone calls.
C. They seem to be rude on the phone.
D. They can be easily annoyed.
6. Why do screen writers often leave out“goodbyes" at the end of calls
A. To make the conversation more authentic.
B. To leave room for imagination.
C. To save precious time.
D. To lead a new fashion.
7. What's the author's attitude to the disappearance of “goodbyes”on the phone
A. Supportive B. Ambiguous
C. Unconcerned D. Opposed
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要进了观看任何电影或电视节目时，角色在电话结束时几乎不会说“再见”，对于注重细节的观众来说，这样显得很粗鲁，但编剧们为了节约宝贵的荧屏时间，不得不这样做。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“I absolutely hate talking on the phone. (我非常讨厌打电话。)”及第三句“Watch any fi1m or TV show, and you're likely to notice the fact that characters hardly say "goodbye" at the end of phone calls. (观看任何电影或电视节目，你可能会注意到角色在电话结束时几乎不会说“再见”。)”可知作者在第一段呈现出一种现象，并表名自己不喜欢这种现象，从而引出本文的话题。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“ It does seem quite rude/after all, even 81% of Millennials(千禧一代) who find phone calls "anxiety-inducing(诱发焦虑的)”still try their best to be polite once they are on the phone.(这看起来确实很粗鲁，毕竟，即使是81%的千禧一代认为电话“令人焦虑”，但他们在打电话时仍然尽力做到礼貌。)”可知千禧一代觉得打电话会诱发焦虑，因此，他们不喜欢打电话。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“ But why would screenwriters do this The disappearance of phone call farewells has probably got more to do with something much more boring time management. (但编剧们为什么要这么做呢 电话告别的消失可能与更无聊的时间管理有关。)”可知影视编剧省略“再见”的目的是节约宝贵的时间。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“ It's an instant and awkward reminder that the conversation we are watching is completely scripted. And that is a bad call,if you ask me.(这是一个即时而尴尬的提醒，我们正在观看的对话完全是照本宣读的。要我说，这是个错误的决定。)”作者认为不完整的电话(即省略了再见的电话)是糟糕的，因此，作者持反对态度。A. Supportive支持的；B. Ambiguous模棱两可的；C. Unconcerned不关心的； D. Opposed反对的。故选D。
C
Colin Chapman, the founder of Lotus Cars, was one of motor racing's most influential engineers. He summed up his concept as “Simplify, then add lightness”. A stripped-down (精简的), featherweight car might be slower on the straights than a beefy machine, he reasoned. But it would be faster everywhere else, Between 1962 and 1978, Lotus won seven F1, constructors championships. Meanwhile, as a legend in the history of F1, Colin Chapman generously funded the sport for years.
A paper published in Nature suggests that humans struggle with subtractive (减法的) thinking. In one observational study, 100 participants were asked to change a pattern on a grid of colored squares to make it symmetrical (对称的). Although that could be done equally well by adding new squares or by deleting existing ones, 78% chose the additive option. Other tasks gave similar results. In three different studies involving changing structures built from blocks, just 2-12% of the respondents chose to remove blocks. Asked to polish an essay they had written, 16% cut words while 80% added them.
Attempts to change the situation where addition is overly favored by people work up to a point. One experiment asked participants to adjust an unbalanced Lego structure. Participants could ear a dollar for fixing the problem, but each piece of Lego they added cut that reward by ten cents. Then, researchers found 41% realized that simplifying the structure by removing a single block, rather than strengthening it by adding more, was the way to maximize the payout.
According to the researchers, people's preference for addition isn't limited to assembling blocks, cooking and writing. Actually, thinking in pluses instead of minuses could well contribute to messy homes, institutional red tape and even an overburdened planet. Having established that addition does indeed seem to be more popular than subtraction, it's then necessary to figure out what gives rise to people s missing an entire class of solutions. Some suppose people may have considered subtractive options, but deliberately choose not to pursue them, or that they don't even think of them in the first place. This open question requires more new sets of experiments.
8. What made Lotus a success in several F1 constructors' championships
A. Colin Chapman's specially engineered straights.
B. Colin Chapman's design philosophy of simplification.
C. Colin Chapman's excellent motor-racing skills.
D. Colin Chapman's sponsorship of the sport.
9. What can be learned from the studies in Paragraph 2
A. People find it struggling to keep things symmetrical.
B. Polishing essays is similar to changing the structures of blocks.
C. Adding extra elements to an existing thing requires much thought.
D. People tend to use addition rather than subtraction in problem-solving.
10. According to the text, what will the researchers study further
A. The consequences of adopting additive thinking.
B. The necessity of raising open questions during experiments.
C. The reason behind people's preference for additive options.
D. The ways of persuading people to pursue subtractive solutions.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. Less is often more
B. The more, the better
C. The reflections on the overburdened world
D. The importance of flexibility in problem-solving
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者对减法思维概念进行了阐释，并指出相较于加法思维，很多人都缺乏减法思维，同时分析了其中的部分原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Colin Chapman, the founder of Lotus Cars, was one of motor racing's most influential engineers. He summed up his concept as “Simplify, then add lightness”. A stripped-down (精简的), featherweight car might be slower on the straights than a beefy machine, he reasoned. But it would be faster everywhere else, Between 1962 and 1978, Lotus won seven F1, constructors championships. ”（Lotus Cars的创始人Colin Chapman是赛车运动中最有影响力的工程师之一。 他将自己的理念概括为“简化，然后增加轻盈”。他推断，一辆精简轻薄的汽车在直道上可能比一辆结实的机器慢。但其他地方的速度都会更快，1962年至1978年间，莲花车队赢得了七次F1、建设者锦标赛），可知作为赛车运动中的专家，他遵行简化设计哲学，让车变得轻盈，才多次赢得冠军，可得出他的成功是因为“简单化”设计哲学。故选B项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A paper published in Nature suggests that humans struggle with subtractive (减法的) thinking.”（《自然》杂志发表的一篇论文表明，人类在和减法思维作斗争。）和“Although that could be done equally well by adding new squares or by deleting existing ones, 78% chose the additive option. Other tasks gave similar results. In three different studies involving changing structures built from blocks, just 2-12% of the respondents chose to remove blocks. Asked to polish an essay they had written, 16% cut words while 80% added them.”（尽管通过添加新的方块或删除现有的方块同样可以做到这一点，但78%的人选择了加法选项。其他任务也给出了类似的结果。在三项不同的研究中，涉及改变由街区建造的结构，只有2-12%的受访者选择拆除街区。当被要求润色他们写的一篇文章时，16%的人删去了单词，80%的人添加了单词。）可知，例子表明大多数人喜欢用加法，可得出在解决问题时人们倾向于用加法而不是减法来。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Having established that addition does indeed seem to be more popular than subtraction, it's then necessary to figure out what gives rise to people s missing an entire class of solutions.”（在确定了增加似乎确实比减除更受欢迎之后，那么就有必要弄清楚是什么导致人们遗漏了一整套解决方案。）以及“This open question requires more new sets of experiments.”（这个悬而未决的问题需要更多的新实验。），可知本段在得到增加法更受人们欢迎后，研究人员要进一步了解为什么人们有这样的选择。所以，接下来要探究背后的原因。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段通过Colin Chapman的故事引入“简化”这个概念；第二段通过实验表明人们在解决问题时，更倾向于选择增加法；第三段通过另一个实验表明有些问题用减除法比增加法更有效果。可知，作者在本文中比较推崇“少即是多”的观点。故选A项。
【点睛】细节理解题做题关键就在于抓住关键词，再带着问题及关键词仔细地阅读有关内容，认真地思考答案。比如本篇第1题关键词为“Lotus”，带着关键词，我们可以判断信息应该在第一段中寻找，即“Colin Chapman, the founder of Lotus Cars, was one of motor racing's most influential engineers. He summed up his concept as "Simplify, then add lightness".”。故此题选择B项。
D
Eighty- four online-only, open access (OA) journals in the sciences, and about 170 in the social sciences and humanities(人文学科)，have disappeared from the Internet over the past 2 decades. A study has found these journals ended up falling offline within several years after their first publication as they were not kept in good condition for some reason. An additional 900 journals published only online also may be at high risk of disappearing because they are inactive.
"There is usually a vast amount of time contributed by a lot of people behind every article, from the authors to the editors, all the way to peer-reviewers”, Mikael Laakso,a co-author of the study, explained.“The fact that all the previous online scholarly records are cut off from the world on which they once made a positive impact, for not having enough maintenance, is totally unacceptable."
A new initiative set by research funders requires maintenance systems—but most online-only journals currently lack such plans. The new preservation system requires scholars to make their articles immediately free to read upon publication. Overall, only about one-third of the 14,068 online journals published in 2019 ensure the long term preservation of their content while the rest of them are estimated to go dark in a few years.
It's not clear how many subscription-based journals also have gone dark in recent years. Subscription-based content has historically been better covered by libraries, either by having paper copies on shelves or electronically. There have been established processes and budgets in place for libraries to preserve purchased content, which put subscription-based journals in the catbird seat, when it comes to preservation. However, what is just available for anyone to download for free has not been brought into such processes and thus runs the risk of disappearing.
There's little consensus about who is ultimately responsible for the digital preservation of OA journals—publishers, libraries, or universities. Preserving OA journals may pose a particularly big financial challenge for those publishers that do not charge authors for the publication of their articles. Library budgets, meanwhile, have faced cuts. And preservation sometimes seems less important than working on the articles which European funders often use to evaluate the quality of university scholarship.
12. Why are online journals likely to disappear
A. They are out of date.
B. They are short of creative ideas.
C. They lack sufficient maintenance.
D. They no longer have academic value.
13. How does Mikael Laakso sound Paragraph 2
A. Hopeful B. Regretful.
C. Humorous. D. Indifferent.
14. How many online journals published in 2019 will disappear
A. About 9.400. B. About 4700
C. About 900. D. About 170.
15. What does the underlined part “in the catbird seat” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Out of normal operation.
B. Into a different Category.
C. In an advantageous position.
D. Beyond most people's reach.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，84种在线科学期刊，约170种社会科学和人文期刊(人文学科)，在过去的20年里，这些期刊从互联网上消失了，作者解释了消失的原因以及期刊的现状以及应对措施。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第一段四、五行“A study has found these journals ended up falling offline within several years after their first publication as they were not kept in good condition for some reason.”（一项研究发现，由于某些原因，这些期刊保存状况不佳，在首次发表几年后就下线了。）可知,在线期刊消失的原因是因为缺乏足够的维护。故选C项。
13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中第二段三至六行“The fact that all the previous online scholarly records are cut off from the world on which they once made a positive impact, for not having enough maintenance, is totally unacceptable.”（所有以前的在线学术记录都因为没有足够的维护而与曾经产生积极影响的世界隔绝，这是完全不可接受的）可知，他认为这是遗憾的。A.有希望的；B.遗憾的；C.幽默的；D.冷漠的。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第三段三至六行“Overall, only about one-third of the 14,068 online journals published in 2019 ensure the long term preservation of their content”（2019年出版的14068本在线期刊中,有三分之一的数量会保存完好）另外的三分之二会消失，大概9400本。故选A项。
【15题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段第四行“There have been established processes and budgets in place for libraries to preserve purchased content, which put subscription-based journals in the catbird seat, ”(图书馆有既定的程序和预算来保存购买的内容，这使得以订阅为基础的期刊处于有利地位，)可知，程序和预算会使以订阅为基础的期刊处于有利地位。故选C项。
【点睛】阅读理解解题步骤:首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。其次,细读题材,各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到准确。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We live surrounded by advanced technology.___16___. You can get the information you want immediately over the Internet. With various technologies surrounding us, it's easy to wonder how ancient people got anything done.
Actually, all of our modern things are based on older technologies. Ancient people didn't necessarily have steel or wheels or, electronic communication. Yet, they built monument (纪念碑) even bigger than Stonehenge. ___17___. And ancient Egyptians built the pyramids — with huge mystery rooms inside.
___18___.The first "kitchen" flames were still older. Ancient human relatives cooked food over fires in Europe 800,000 years ago. The first spear-throwers threw their weapons 279,000 years ago - before modern humans existed.
At first, scientists long believed that the ancients who lived 80,000 years ago were the first to throw spears with stone tips. Then came the discovery of 279,000-year-old stone spear tips in Ethiopia These pushed the date back.___19___.
Scientists have been trying to figure out how ancient people developed their tools and build their cities and monuments.___20___. They are also recreating ancient techniques themselves — from rolling pyramid rocks to testing out ancient tar (沥青) recipes. They detect mystery holes in Great Pyramid of Giza: Using high-tech tools normally reserved for particle-physics research, scientists have found a large hidden hole inside Egypt's Great Pyramid of Giza. They have made some great discoveries, but they know there are still a lot of things waiting to be discovered.
A. Ancient people were really clever
B. Not all of these technologies are useful
C. For example, there are skyscrapers and spaceships
D. They also raised huge stone heads on Easter Island
E. They use modern technologies to explore the ancient places
F. Not all of advanced technologies were limited to modern people
G. And it has been suggested that even prehuman species hunted with spears
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍古人对先进技术的运用。
【16题详解】
根据上文“We live surrounded by advanced technology.(我们生活在先进技术的包围中)”及下文“You can get the information you want immediately over the Internet.(你可以通过因特网立即得到你想要的信息)”可知，此处承接上下文，F项Not all of advanced technologies were limited to modern people(并不是所有的先进技术都局限于现代人)切题。该项与下文的get the information和over the Internet相呼应。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Yet, they built monument (纪念碑) even bigger than Stonehenge.(然而，他们建造了比巨石阵更大的纪念碑)及下文“And ancient Egyptians built the pyramids — with huge mystery rooms inside.(古埃及人建造了金字塔，金字塔里面有巨大的神秘房间)”可知，此处承接上下文，D项They also raised huge stone heads on Easter Island(他们还在复活节岛上竖起了巨大的石像)切题。该项中的also与上下文构成并列关系。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“The first "kitchen" flames were still older. Ancient human relatives cooked food over fires in Europe 800,000 years ago.(第一个“厨房”的火焰更古老。在80万年前的欧洲，古代人类的亲戚用火烹饪食物)”可知，此处顺承下文，A项Ancient people were really clever(古人真的很聪明)切题。该项中的clever与The first "kitchen" flames吻合。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Then came the discovery of 279,000-year-old stone spear tips in Ethiopia These pushed the date back.(后来在埃塞俄比亚发现了27.9万年前的石矛尖)”可知，此处承接上文，G项And it has been suggested that even prehuman species hunted with spears(还有人认为，甚至前人类物种也用矛狩猎)切题。该项中的hunted with spears与上文的stone spear tips保持一致。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Scientists have been trying to figure out how ancient people developed their tools and build their cities and monuments.(科学家们一直试图弄清楚古人是如何发展他们的工具，如何建造他们的城市和纪念碑的)”可知，此处承接上文，E项They use modern technologies to explore the ancient places(他们使用现代技术探索古老的地方)切题。该项中的They指代上文中的Scientists。故选E。
第二部分 英语知识运用(共三节，满分70分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One of the most important life lessons I received from my Depression-era parents was the concept of thrift (节俭). The word seems to be of no___21___today, as we live in a throwaway culture where it is often cheaper to directly___22___a broken item. And even when a repair is cheap and___23___to accomplish—think of putting a patch on a pair of jeans—the very idea seems___24___,or a waste of time.
What is always overlooked is the___25___of thrift- the idea of___26___something and giving it a second life. Years ago when I ate up a piece of peach pie out of an aluminum pan, I asked my brother how I should___27___the pan. He responded, Throw it away! I was horrified at such a ___28___
For years, I've consistently___29___the peace pf mind that thrift provides. As the heels and toes of my socks____30____, I lay them aside until a snowy winter evening. I light a fire, put on some music, and____31____them one by one at____32____while snuggling into the sofa. In the rush of daily life, my socks allow me to____33____and enjoy a quiet evening.____34____this grace, I'm rewarded with a pile of born-again socks. I know it would be time-saving to simply throw the socks away, but that would deny me a____35____interlude(间歇).
21. A. doubt B. quality C. control D. worth
22. A. consume B. recycle C. replace D. exchange
23. A. familiar B. challenging C. ridiculous D. easy
24. A. instructive B. reasonable C. odd D. appealing
25. A. principle B. virtue C. request D. acquisition
26. A. renewing B. approving C. receiving D. claiming
27. A. wash B. handle C. select D. deliver
28. A. thought B. schedule C. condition D. coincidence
29. A. pursued B. suspected C. ignored D. shared
30. A. put off B. dry out C. turn up D. wear out
31. A. buy B. count C. mend D. design
32. A. cost B. leisure C. sight D. heart
33. A. speed up B. slow down C. take off D. stand out
34. A. Beyond B. Despite C. As to D. But for
35. A. disturbing B. busy C. complex D. cosy
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者从生活在大萧条时期的父母那里学到了最重要的人生经验之一——节俭。文章叙述了节俭的观念以及与目前生活方式的冲突。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个词在今天似乎没有价值，因为我们生活在一个扔掉的文化中，直接更换坏掉的东西通常更便宜。A. doubt 怀疑；B. quality质量；C. control 控制；D. worth值得。根据下文“as we live in a throwaway culture”可知，节俭对现在来说没“价值”。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个词在今天似乎没有价值，因为我们生活在一个扔掉的文化中，直接更换坏掉的东西通常更便宜。A. consume 消费；B. recycle 再利用；C. replace替代；D. exchange交换。根据空前后“as we live in a throwaway culture where it is often cheaper to directly___2___a broken item”可知，此处指“替代”坏了东西。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使修理很便宜，也很容易完成——就像在一条牛仔裤上做一个补丁——这个想法看起来很奇怪，或者是浪费时间。A. familiar 熟悉的；B. challenging具有挑战性的；C. ridiculous荒谬的；D. easy容易的。根据第3空前后“even when a repair is cheap and ___3___ to accomplish”可知，此处指修补很“容易”。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使修理很便宜，也很容易完成——就像在一条牛仔裤上做一个补丁——这个想法看起来很奇怪，或者是浪费时间。A. instructive有教育意义的；B. reasonable合情合理的；C. odd 奇怪的，反常的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据第4空后“or a waste of time”可知，此处指对目前来说是“反常的”。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：总是被忽视的是节俭的美德——更新东西并赋予它第二次生命的想法。A. principle原则；B. virtue 美德；C. request请求；D. acquisition获得。根据第5空前后“What is always overlooked is the___5___of thrift”可知，此处指节俭的“美德”。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：总是被忽视的是节俭的美德——更新东西并赋予它第二次生命的想法。A. renewing重新开始；B. approving 赞成；C. receiving收到；D. claiming声称。根据第6空后的“giving it a second life”可知，此处指“更新”东西。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年前，当我用铝制平底锅吃了一块水蜜桃派时，我问哥哥我该如何处理这只平底锅。A. wash洗；B. handle处理；C. select 选择；D. deliver投递。根据下文“He responded, Throw it away!”可知，上文在问如何“处理”用过的东西。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被这样的想法吓坏了。A. thought思想；B. schedule计划，时间表；C. condition 状况；D. coincidence巧合。根据第8空前的“He responded, Throw it away!”可知，“Throw it away!”是一种“想法”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我一直在追求节俭带来的平和心态。A. pursued追求，获得；B. suspected 怀疑；C. ignored忽视；D. shared分享。根据第9空前后“For years, I've consistently___9___the peace pf mind that thrift provides.”可知，此处指作者一直的“追求”。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：袜子的后跟和脚尖都磨破了，我就把它们放在一边，直到一个下雪的冬夜。A. put off 推迟；B. dry out 变干；C. turn up 出现；D. wear out磨损，耗尽。根据第10空后的“I lay them aside until a snowy winter evening”可知，袜子“穿破了”。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我生了一堆火，放了些音乐，依偎在沙发上悠闲地逐一数着。A. buy 买；B. count 计数，关键；C. mend 修补；D. design设计。根据第11空前后“I lay them aside until a snowy winter evening. I light a fire, put on some music, and___11___them one by one”可知，此处指“数”磨坏的袜子。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我生了一堆火，放了些音乐，依偎在沙发上悠闲地逐一数着。A. cost 费用；B. leisure 闲暇；C. sight 视力；D. heart心脏。此处指“悠闲地”数磨坏的袜子。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在繁忙的日常生活中，我的袜子让我放慢脚步，享受一个安静的夜晚。A. speed up 加速；B. slow down 减速；C. take off起飞，脱下；D. stand out突出，杰出。根据第13空前的“In the rush of daily life”可知，数袜子让作者“放慢速度”。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了这个恩典，我还得到了一堆重生的袜子。 A. Beyond超过，超出；B. Despite 尽管；C. As to至于；D. But for要不是。根据第14空后“I'm rewarded with a pile of born-again socks”可知，此处指“除了”以上的好处。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道把袜子扔掉会节省时间，但那样会让我没有一个舒适的休息时间。A. disturbing令人不安的；B. busy 忙碌的；C. complex 复杂的；D. cosy愉快的，轻易得到的。此处指“舒适的”间歇。故选D。
第II卷(非选择题)
第二节(共10题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shakespeare and Company is an English - language bookshop in the heart of Paris. It _____36_____ (be) a meeting place for writers and readers for almost seventy years.
In 1951, a bookshop _____37_____ (name) Le Mistral was opened by George Whitman. It was renamed Shakespeare and Company in 1964 _____38_____ honor of a bookseller he admired, Sylvia Beach, who founded the _____39_____ (origin) Shakespeare and Company in 1919. Beach's bookstore had been a gathering place for great writers of the time, including Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Pound.
George's bookstore quickly became a center for literary life. From the first day, writers, artists, and intellectuals were invited _____40_____ (sleep) for free among the shelves. Since then, an estimated 30, 000 people have stayed in the bookshop. Over the years, the shop _____41_____ (gradual) grew. George said, “I _____42_____ (create) this bookstore like a man would write a novel, building each room like _____43_____ chapter, and I like people to open the door the way they open a book.”
Today George's novel, this bookshop, is still being written by George's child Sylvia, by a team of _____44_____ (bookseller), and by the thousands of people _____45_____ continue to read, write, and sleep at Shakespeare and Company.
【答案】36. has been
37. named 38. in
39. original
40. to sleep
41. gradually
42. created
43. a 44. booksellers
45. who##that
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了坐落于巴黎中心的一家著名书店——Shakespeare and Company。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：它已经成为作者和读者们见面的地方快七十年了。由时间状语for almost seventy years可知应使用现在完成时，符合have/has+过去分词，It为单数主语应使用has。故填has been。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1951年，George Whitman开了一家名为Le Mistral的书店。分析句子可知，name搭配其后的Le Mistral作后置定语修饰主语a bookshop，name和bookshop之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词形式。故填named。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：1964年，为了纪念他仰慕的一位书商，书店被重新命名为Shakespeare and Company。这里符合短语in honor of，意为“为了纪念”。故填in。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Sylvia Beach，正是她在1919年创建了最开始的Shakespeare and Company书店。空白处在定冠词the和Shakespeare and Company之间，作定语，需要一个形容词，结合句意应使用original表示“初始的，原来的”。故填original。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从第一天开始，作家、艺术家和知识分子们都被邀请来免费在书架中间睡觉。分析句子可知，此处符合invite在被动语态下的用法be invited to do sth.，即其后要接不定式。故填to sleep。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：多年以来，书店逐渐扩大规模。这里gradual修饰谓语动词grew，需要使用副词形式。故填gradually。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：我创造这家书店就像一个人在写小说一样，建每一间屋子就像写一个章节一般。分析该句情境，George在说这句话时，书店早已建成，create这个动作发生在过去，要用一般过去时。故填created。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：我创造这家书店就像一个人在写小说一样，建每一间屋子就像写一个章节一般。由句意可知，此处表示“一个章节”应使用表泛指的不定冠词，其后的chapter以辅音音素开头，要用不定冠词a。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：如今George的小说，也就是这家书店，还在由他的孩子Sylvia撰写，由一群书商撰写，更是由成千上万前来Shakespeare and Company阅读、书写乃至就寝的人来撰写。空白前的修饰短语a team of意为“一对、一组”，其后应接可数名词复数形式。故填booksellers。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：如今George的小说，也就是这家书店，还在由他的孩子Sylvia撰写，由一群书商撰写，更是由成千上万前来Shakespeare and Company阅读、书写乃至就寝的人来撰写。分析句子可知，空白前句成分完整，后句缺少主语，考虑定语从句，先行词为people，指人，无特殊情况应使用关系代词who或that。故填who或that。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，上周你和同学主持的校英语话剧节获得了全体师生的好评。请给你的美国笔友Chris写一封电子邮件，分享这次经历。内容包括：
1.分享喜悦；2.经验回顾；3.你的期望。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
How's everything going I'm excited to share my good news with you._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
How's everything going I'm excited to share my good news with you. A drama was held in our school last week. Here's how I felt.
I am very happy, because I acted in the English drama with my classmates last week and was praised by all the teachers and students. I'm proud of myself. I have accumulated some experience through this activity. First of all, one should master the content of the drama and perform in fluent English. Secondly, do not be nervous in the performance. The nervousness will make mistakes. I hope the school can hold more such activities, which not only train our performance, but also improve our English level.
I sincerely look forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，上周你和同学主持校英语话剧节获得了全体师生的好评。请给你的美国笔友Chris写一封电子邮件，分享这次经历。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴：be happy→be delighted
因……而自豪：be proud of→take pride in
掌握：master→grasp
首先，最重要的是：first of all→above all
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Secondly, do not be nervous in the performance. The nervousness will make mistakes.
拓展句：Secondly, do not be nervous in the performance because the nervousness will make mistakes.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I hope the school can hold more such activities, which not only train our performance, but also improve our English level. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] I am very happy, because I acted in the English drama with my classmates last week and was praised by all the teachers and students. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Little Andy was a 10-year-old kid. He had a younger brother named Johnny. Andy was the elder one, but unfortunately he was the troublemaker rather than his brother Johnny. Besides, he often put Johnny in trouble in front of their parents by lying to them so as not to carry responsibility for his actions. However, they trusted Johnny and believed him more than they believed Andy because they knew the two kids well.
Andy tried to make friends in school, but they quickly discovered how he was used to lying and how he loved to play tricks on others. Moreover, Andy always put others in trouble, which was really annoying to them. As a result, people around him stopped believing him and gradually stayed out of his way.
One day, when their parents were out of the house, Andy and Johnny were watching TV. After a while, Andy found Johnny asleep on the sofa. So Andy went to the kitchen and wanted to play a trick on Johnny. He used flour to make some easy bombs and hung them on the door trim line so that when Johnny went to the kitchen and tried to open the door the bombs would fall on him. Then Andy went to the bathroom quietly to color the soap with paints so that if Johnny washed his hands, his hands would be colored. Suddenly, their parents came back and they found that Johnny was sleeping. Their father was going to the kitchen to wash his hands, and their mother was going to the kitchen to prepare food for them. Andy tried to stop them but failed. Soon Johnny was awakened by screams. He looked at his parents and didn't know what had taken place. Their parents both had colored hands and came out of the kitchen covered with flour.
Paragraph 1:
They were extremely angry and asked who did that.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
They thought up a good idea to make Andy pay for what he had done and get rid of his bad habits.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 They were extremely angry and asked who did that. Andy was very frightened, but he played it cool and said "Johnny did it". His mother asked, "Johnny was sleeping. How could he have pulled these pranks " Apparently, this time, Andy's parents didn't believe him. They were very angry and worried at the same time.
They thought up a good idea to make Andy pay for what he had done and get rid of his bad habits.They adopt a "fire with fire" approach. The parents planned a family outing for the weekend. They lied to Andy and told him that the family would have a thorough cleaning at the weekend. The parents had a lot of fun with Johnny and bought him many new toys. Andy was alone at home waiting for the cleaning. He was very sad when he learned that his parents had cheated him. "Now you know what it feels like to be cheated," his parents told him earnestly.. Andy seems to be on to something. He promised his parents that he would never tell lies and play tricks on others.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了麻烦制造者哥哥安迪和弟弟约翰尼之间发生的趣事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他们非常生气，问是谁干的。”可知，第一段可描写哥哥安迪想嫁祸给弟弟但被父母识破。
②由第二段首句内容“他们想出了一个好主意，让安迪为他所做的事付出代价，改掉他的坏习惯。”可知，第二段可描写父母是如何让安迪为他所做的事付出代价并改掉他的坏习惯的。
2.续写线索：安迪安撒谎——捉弄别人——父母生气——想到办法——安迪反思——不再撒谎
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.恶作剧：pulled these pranks/played the monkey business
②.想出： thought up/caught up with
③.承诺： promised/made a promise
情绪类
①.害怕：frightened/fearful
②.伤心：sad/sorrowful
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. They thought up a good idea to make Andy pay for what he had done and get rid of his bad habits.（由连接代词what引导的宾语从句作for的宾语）
[高分句型2]. He promised his parents that he would never tell lies and play tricks on others（由连接词that引导的宾语从句）
