牛津版（2019）必修第三册：Unit4 Scientists who changed the world Welcome to the unit & Reading 课时作业（含答案）

Unit 4　Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
课时作业
（原卷+答案））
一.单词拼写
1．I should have c________ my cellphone last night. Now the battery is running out.
2．When it comes to renewable energy, what occurs to me is s________ energy.
3．It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research ________(表明) that the numbers have been rising for some time.
4．The ________(事故) was similar to the one that happened in 1973.
5．Two people got trapped in the lift this morning when the ________ (电) was cut off.
6．While all the desserts are pretty good, the clear ________ (突出的物) is the lemon pie.
二.单句语法填空
1．I always dream of having a house ________ by trees, flowers and grass. If I can live in such beautiful ________， I must feel happy every day. As we know, the ________ things can always have an effect on our mood. (surround)
2．I'm not going there again—they charged me $ 10 ________ a cup of coffee!
3．You were charged ________ ignoring your duty. Who accused you ________ such a crime
4．If they ________ (consider) everything, they would not have made such a mistake.
5．________ I explained on the phone, your request would be discussed at the next meeting.
6．There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge ________ him.
7．I am ________ favour of your suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.
三.完成句子
1．湖边树木环绕，很多游客在这里拍照。
The lake ________________ trees and many visitors take photos here.(surround)
2．约翰，坐在我能看见你的地方。
John, sit ________________．(where引导的地点状语从句)
3．正如报纸上所报道的那样，两国之间的会谈进行得很顺利。
________________ in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are going smoothly. (as引导的非限制性定语从句)
4．如果我们没有做充分的准备，这次会议是不会这么成功的。
________________， the conference wouldn't have been so successful.(虚拟语气
四.阅读理解
A
What are your retirement plans Keep working Get more exercise Or learn something new You may put__them__on__hold. There's a chance that, sooner or later, you might have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars.
On Thursday, National Geographic will show the first ever Mars show home, giving earthlings (地球人) an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet. In the not so distant year of 2037, the igloo shaped structure could be the home of your future.
It shows a house built with recycled spacecraft (航天器) parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks. Some parts of the home are recognizable—a kitchen, a bedroom—but there are fundamental differences that are important to human survival.
As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earth's, people will need permanent (永久的) shelter from the sun; society will move largely indoors. Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses won't have windows. The homes will have simulated solar lighting, or natural light that has been bent several times.
Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick, to protect people from dangerous rays (光线) that can pass through six feet of steel, and a double air locked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.
“We don't think of our houses as things that keep us alive, but on Mars your house will be a survival centre, ” says Stephen Petranek, author of How We'll Live on Mars. This is not just the stuff of sci fi. “10 to 20 years from now there will certainly be people on Mars，” Petranek says.
“We've had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars, but we haven't had the will，” Petranek says. But two main factors have “completely swung public attitudes”．
The private companies' participation has forced government agencies to speed up their game, and influential films such as Gravity and The Martian have caught society's eye.
1．What can we know about the show home from the text
A．It has no windows or doors due to security concern.
B．Its design presents the idea of environmental protection.
C．It has thick walls keeping the home under proper pressure.
D．Its underground passages connect all the buildings together.
2．What do the underlined words “put them on hold” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Put them off.
B．Give them away.
C．Carry them through.
D．Take them seriously.
3．According to Petranek, what has sped up the process of sending people to Mars
A．The great influence of the Mars show home.
B．The development of related technology.
C．The competition from private companies.
D．The popularity of influential books on Mars.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Living on Mars: Possible or Not
B．Sending People to Mars: Yes or No
C．First ever Show Home: How Is It Made
D．Future Home on Mars: What Will It Be Like
B
While the temperature in Chicago on March 4, 2018 was 5 degrees, the water was even colder—2 degrees. That didn't stop over 4，800 people on North Avenue Beach jumping into Lake Michigan.
The Chicago Polar Plunge is a yearly event to raise money for Special Olympics Chicago. Each of the participants (参与者) collect at least $200 from friends and family members to get the chance to jump into the lake's icy water. More than $1.5 million was raised for a great cause: Special Olympics Chicago and the over 7，500 athletes it serves.
Special Olympics, a nonprofit organization, was founded in 1968. The group's purpose is to provide athletic training and competition in 22 sports for children and adults with intellectual disabilities (缺陷)．
After some initial speeches, the first group of participants ran into the lake. Many of the participants were members of teams that dressed up in costumes (服装), including Minions and Waldo from the Where's Waldo book series.
Chloe Krecun, 12, from Chicago, was shaking when she got out of the water. “I can't feel my feet or fingers and my shoes are filled with water，” she said afterwards. But she would do it again to support the Special Olympic athletes.
As other participants headed towards the water to “take a plunge” , one of them shared why he participated in the event. “My cousin has benefited from the Special Olympics, so my family and I are here to support him by plunging，” said Brandon Marty.
Brunida Cotton, a special education teacher, was also paying attention to the Special Olympics as she prepared to plunge. “It gives the athletes confidence; they belong to a team and they enjoy being able to do things other kids do, ” Cotton said.
5．What do we know about the Chicago Polar Plunge
A．It involves more than 7，500 athletes.
B．It was first held in 1968.
C.It asks participants to wear costumes.
D．It requires each participants to collect $200 or more.
6．How did Chloe Krecun find her experience in the water
A．Comfortable. B．Challenging.
C．Dangerous. D．Exciting.
7．Why did Brandon Marty take part in the event
A．To support his cousin.
B．To encourage others to join in the activity.
C．To collect money for the Special Olympics.
D．To get a chance to enter the Special Olympics.
8．What does this passage mainly talk about
A．An introduction of the Special Olympics.
B．A speech to encourage people to help others.
C．A report about a plunging event.
D．An action to raise money for athletes.
五.完形填空
I __1__ to open my eyes in the morning. Why didn't the alarm on my cellphone go off
Soon, I realize today is the day for my __2__ : “A day without technology.”
I didn't realize what I had gotten myself into until I was driving to school in my car in __3__， no radio broadcasting my favorite songs.
As soon as I got to school, I went to print out my English project. “Uh oh，” I thought, “this isn't allowed.”
The school day went on and I finally grew __4__ the rule. This wasn't so __5__ ! I could do this every day.
I drove home after school, and my __6__ eventually went into afterschool mode, __7__ on what I would eat for supper. The __8__ thing I knew was chatting with my friends on Facebook and checking email, all at the same time!
“What happened to no __9__？ ” my mom asked me. I forced myself to go back to reality. I had __10__.
This experiment was actually __11__ to me. Even though my attempt at going about my day without technology was a failure, I realized that I would be completely __12__ without my addiction to technology.
These devices certainly make my life __13__， and I definitely wouldn't __14__ getting rid of them altogether, but I do believe the lives of today's teenagers would be obviously __15__ without our technology dependence.
1．A.try B．pretend
C．refuse D．decide
2．A.expectation B．exploration
C．experience D．experiment
3．A.doubt B．silence
C．surprise D．excitement
4．A.interested in B．annoyed with
C．impatient with D．used to
5．A.hard B．easy
C．strange D．comfortable
6．A.rule B．plan
C．mind D．role
7．A.agreeing B．concentrating
C．counting D．depending
8．A.one B．first
C．last D．next
9．A.homework B．control
C．pressure D．technology
10．A.improved B．started
C．failed D．finished
11．A.available B．convenient
C．beneficial D．avoidable
12．A.fine B．terrible
C．creative D．successful
13．A.troublesome B．easier
C．difficult D．complex
14．A.suggest B．mind
C．practice D．prevent
15．A.boring B．complicated
C．difficult D．different
参考答案
一.单词拼写
1．charged　2.solar　3.indicates　4.accident　5.electricity　6.standout
二.单句语法填空
1．surrounded; surroundings; surrounding　2.for　3.with; of　4.had considered　5.As　6.of　7.in
三.完成句子
1．is surrounded with/by　2.where I can see you　3.As is reported　4.If we hadn't made full preparations
四.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了未来人们在火星上的生活是什么样子的。
1．答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。结合第三段中的“It shows a house built with recycled spacecraft (航天器) parts and Martian soil，called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks”可知，房屋的设计显示了环境保护的理念。
2．答案与解析：A　考查词义猜测。结合画线词前面的“Keep working Get more exercise Or learn something new”可知，这是一些退休后的具体打算，同时根据画线词后面的“you might have to move further than you were thinking”可知，画线词表示推迟这些打算，因此选A。
3．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。结合最后一段中的“The private companies' participation has forced government agencies to speed up their game”可知，私人公司的参与迫使政府机构积极起来。
4．答案与解析：D　考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“the first ever Mars show home, giving earthlings (地球人) an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet”和下面几个段落的内容可知，本篇文章主要讲述了未来在火星上居住是什么情况，因此选D。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。三月的芝加哥非常寒冷，但有一群人却为了一项公益活动毫不犹豫地纵身跃入密歇根湖冰冷的湖水中。
5．答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。由第二段中的“Each of the participants (参与者)...the chance to jump into the lake's icy water”可知，如果人们想获得参与机会，必须从朋友和家人那里筹集至少200美元。
6．答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。由第五段中的“was shaking when she got out of the water...and my shoes are filled with water”可知，她从水里出来之后，全身发抖，手脚冻得没有了知觉，鞋子里也灌满了水。由此可推断出，跳入冰冷的水中对她来说具有挑战性。
7．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“My cousin has benefited from the Special Olympics, so my family and I are here to support him by plunging”可知，Brandon Marty来参加活动是为了以示支持。
8．答案与解析：C　考查主旨大意。综合全文可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了2018年的芝加哥极地跳水活动，对这项活动进行了简单介绍，描述了当天的气温以及人们的参与情况等，同时也描述了部分参与者参加活动的初衷和感受。
五.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己体验了没有科技的一天，虽然最后失败了，但是作者感悟到这些设备确实使我们的生活变得更容易，不建议彻底屏蔽它们，但是，不对科技太依赖的话，现在青少年的生活会有明显的不同。
1．答案与解析：A　考查动词辨析。try尝试，试图；pretend假装；refuse拒绝；decide决定。句意：早上我试图睁开眼睛。作者试图(try)睁开眼睛，B、C和D不符合语境，故选A。
2．答案与解析：D　考查名词辨析。expectation期望；exploration探索；experience经验；experiment实验。句意：很快，我意识到今天是我实验的日子：没有科技的一天。此处对应下文This experiment was actually中的experiment，故选D。
3．答案与解析：B　考查名词辨析。doubt怀疑；silence安静；surprise吃惊；excitement兴奋。句意：直到我安安静静地开车去学校的时候，我才意识到自己处于什么境况中，没有收音机播放我最喜欢的歌曲。由下文no radio broadcasting my favorite songs 可知车里很安静 (in silence)，故选B。
4．答案与解析：D　考查固定词组辨析。(be) interested in对……感兴趣；(be) annoyed with烦恼……；(be) impatient with对……不耐烦；(be) used to习惯于。句意：在学校的一天逐渐过去，我最终适应了这个规则。此处的rule指的是不能用科技，作者经过一天的适应，逐渐习惯(used to)了没有科技，其他选项不符合语境，故选D。
5．答案与解析：A　考查形容词辨析。hard困难的；easy容易的；strange奇怪的；comfortable舒服的。句意：这并不难！由下一句“I could do this every day.”可知作者认为此事并不难(hard)，故选A。
6．答案与解析：C　考查名词辨析。rule规则；plan计划；mind脑海，思维；role角色。句意：放学后我开车回家，我的思维最终进入了放学模式，专注于(想)晚上吃什么。此处是作者脑海(mind)里想的，故选C。
7．答案与解析：B　考查固定词组辨析。agree on就……取得一致意见；concentrate on注意力集中于……；count on指望；depend on依赖。句意：放学后我开车回家，我的思维最终进入了放学模式，专注于(想)晚上吃什么。此处作者集中注意力(concentrate on)想这些事。故选B。
8．答案与解析：D　one一；first第一；last最后；next下一个。句意：我知道接下来，我和朋友在脸书上聊天，查看邮件……接下来的安排用next最符合语境，故选D。
9．答案与解析：D　考查名词辨析。homework家庭作业；control控制；pressure压力；technology科技。句意：没有科技会怎么样啊？此处对应上文“A day without technology.”，故选D。
10．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。improve提高；start开始；fail失败；finish完成。句意：我失败了。此处对应下文“Even though my attempt at going about my day without technology was a failure...”中的failure，故选C。
11．答案与解析：C　考查形容词辨析。available可获得的；convenient方便的；beneficial有益的；avoidable可避免的。句意：我实际上从这个实验中受益了。由下文可知作者认为摆脱科技产品，我们能从中受益(beneficial)，故选C。
12．答案与解析：A　考查形容词辨析。fine好的；terrible可怕的；creative创造性的；successful成功的。句意：我意识到不沉溺于科技产品对我而言是完全可以的。此处指的是作者没有科技是可以的(fine)，故选A。
13．答案与解析：B　考查形容词辨析。troublesome麻烦的；easier更简单；difficult困难的；complex复杂的。句意：这些设备确实使我的生活变得更容易，我不建议彻底屏蔽它们，但是，我真的相信不对科技太依赖的话，当代青少年的生活会很明显不同。此处作者想说这些科技给我的生活带来了便利，故选B。
14．答案与解析：A　考查动词辨析。suggest建议；mind介意；practice练习；prevent阻止。 句意：这些设备确实使我的生活变得更容易，我不建议彻底屏蔽它们，但是，我真的相信不对科技太依赖的话，当代青少年的生活会很明显不同。此处作者不建议(suggest)彻底摒弃科技，故选A。
15．答案与解析：D　考查形容词辨析。boring令人厌烦的；complicated复杂的；difficult困难的；different不同的。句意：这些设备确实使我的生活变得更容易，我不建议彻底屏蔽它们，但是，我真的相信不对科技太依赖的话，当代青少年的生活会很明显不同。上文讲了没有了科技，生活会发生一些改变，所以此处选择different。故选D。