牛津版（2019）必修第三册：Unit4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and usage 课时作业（含答案）

　Unit 4　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills课时作业
(原卷+答案）
一单词拼写
1．According to our rules, smoking is not p________ in our office.
2．The scientist was determined to make a great breakthrough in ________ (科学的) research.
3．Sometimes, people don't like asking questions for fear of appearing stupid and ________ (无知的).
4．Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he ________ (出版) his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
5．The volunteers' primary ________ (责任) is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance.
6．In our country, everyone has the right and ________ (自由) to express his thoughts and ideas.
7．In traditional Chinese culture, ________ (婚姻) decisions were made by parents for their children.
二.单句语法填空
1．—Would you permit me ________ here
—Sorry, we don't permit ________ in the library. (smoke)
2．Your dad will go bananas if he knows you often drive his car without ________ (permit).
3．I take ________ for granted that you have already check the answer.
4．No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get ________ (involve) in various activities on Earth Day.
5．The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them ________ preparing them.
6．________ his credit, Mr Green managed to get the important ceremony organized even if the time was so limited.
7．A large number of people have sent off ________ (apply) for the job. Some of the ________ (apply) may be disappointed because only one third applying ________ it have the chance to be employed.
8．The far side of the moon is of particular ________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
9．It was ________ fine weather that they all went swimming.
10．I'm responsible ________ the sale of all the products. In other words, I should take ________ for the sale of all the products. (responsible)
三.完成句子
1．科学家向艾滋病宣战以求在治疗艾滋病方面取得突破。
Scientists ________________ AIDS in order to make a breakthrough in treating it.(declare)
2．弗兰克实在拿不准这工作是不是适合他。
Frank was very uncertain ______________________．(as to)
3．经理提议我们应该有一个助手。有太多的工作要做。
The manager ______________________________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.(put)
4．——你如果不给露西带生日礼物，会让她失望的。
——谢谢你提醒我。今晚我一定给她买一份。
—If you don't bring a birthday present to Lucy, you may ________________．
—Thank you for reminding me. Surely I'll buy her one this evening.
四.课文语法填空
What is the value of science
The first value is that scientific knowledge enables us 1.________ (do) and make all kinds of things. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—2.________ it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power 3.________ (have) obvious value. Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us 4.________. Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all 5.________ (sort) of things which are more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. Let's turn to a 6.________ (three) value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with 7.________ (ignorant) and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is 8.________ (great) important. Scientists take it for granted that 9.________ is perfectly possible to live and not know.
10．________ (know) the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, we as scientists have the responsibility to declare the value of this freedom.
五.阅读理解
A
Someday, umbrellas may do more than just keep people dry. A researcher in the Netherlands has designed a simple sensor (传感器) that “listens” to rain. And that sensor can turn an umbrella into a rain measuring expert.
Tools like this can let anyone gauge the weather. That can help scientists make sure that satellites and radar (雷达) systems that track storms are doing a good job.
“Rain radar is a beautiful way of seeing where rainfall is up in the air. But you never know where it hits the ground，” says Rolf Hut. He designed the umbrella sensor.
Researchers want to know how much rain makes it to the planet's surface. Not all rain that falls from a cloud reaches the ground. And it can be difficult for radar and satellites to measure that rain, particularly in cities. A host of big buildings can change how air and rain move during a storm. “It also explains why a single, expensive sensor—the kind that might be found at an official weather station—won't give accurate citywide data，” Hut says. But by putting a low cost rain measuring tool into people's hands, scientists can learn more about how much rainfall differs in these and other hard to measure places.
On the inside of the umbrella is a small, yellow disk (磁盘). It is the rainfall sensor. The sensor is attached to a black Bluetooth headset that sends the collected data to a smartphone.
Hut came up with the idea to stick the same type of sensor on an umbrella when he was talking to kids about science. He showed them a photo of a policeman who was holding an umbrella and talking to a crowd into a microphone. Why not put the two together He thought it could make a cool rainfall sensor.
When the data of a storm came through, Hut compared the umbrella's new “ear” for rain to official rain measuring equipment. And to his delight, he found the umbrella's measurements were pretty good. His next step is to improve the umbrella sensor to be more accurate.
1．The purpose of this passage is to ________．
A．promote a unique umbrella
B．inform us of a new invention
C．make readers interested in science
D．praise a researcher for his invention
2．The underlined word “gauge” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”．
A．change B．control
C．measure D．sense
3．Why can it be hard for official weather stations to measure the rain in cities
A．Their collected data cannot be sent to smartphones.
B．They are lacking in weather measuring equipment.
C．Rainfall differs hugely depending on various areas.
D．Big buildings influence the move of air and rain.
4．What do we know about Hut's new invention
A．Hut is not satisfied with his new invention at all.
B．Hut's invention is something useful but expensive.
C．Hut will pay more attention to the accuracy of the sensor.
D．A policeman in the rain helped Hut with the invention.
B
There's nothing magical about the number 10，000. In fact, the idea of walking at least 10，000 steps a day for health goes back many years to a marketing campaign started in Japan for the sale of pedometers (计步器). And, in the years that followed, it was accepted in the US as a goal to pursue good health. It's often the default setting (默认设置) on fitness trackers, but what's it really based on
“The original basis of the number was not scientifically determined，” says I Min Lee, a researcher of Brigham and Women's Hospital. She was curious to know how many steps we need to take a day to maintain good health and live a long life, so she and her workmates designed a study that included about 17，000 elderly women. Their average age was 72. The women all agreed to wear devices to track their steps as they went about their day to day activities.
It turns out that women who took about 4，000 steps per day got an increase in longevity (长寿), compared with women who took fewer steps. In fact, women who took 4，400 steps per day, on average, were about 40 percent less likely to die during the follow up period of about four years compared with women who took 2，700 steps. The findings were published Wednesday in JAMA Internal Medicine.
Another surprise: The benefits of walking maxed out at about 7，500 steps. In other words, women who walked more than 7，500 steps per day saw no additional increase in longevity.
Janz, who helped shape the new national exercise recommendations, says the message that comes from this study is encouraging. “I think it's really good news for women who may not be particularly active，” says Janz. “All they have to do is walk. To me, this study suggests there are more benefits of light exercise than we were previously thinking there might be.”
5．How did the idea of walking at least 10，000 steps a day come into being
A．It was made up by a group of elderly women.
B．It was indeed the result of a scientific study.
C．It actually came from a business advertisement.
D．It was based on a test by both Japan and the US.
6．Which is an ideal choice for women walkers according to the study
A．2，700 steps. B．4，400 steps.
C．10，000 steps. D．17，000 steps.
7．In which part of a newspaper can you read the passage
A．Health. B．Culture.
C．History. D．Tourism.
六.七选五
In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common. __1__. In thunderstorms, lightning can strike (击中) people and buildings and is very dangerous.
It was reported that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phone call under a tree and died at once. You may not know it, but nearly 1，800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world. __2__. So what should you do during a lightning storm Scientists say that a person's chances of being struck by lightning are 1 in 600，000. __3__.
If you are indoors during a thunderstorm：
*Stay away from anything that is metal because lightning can come into the house through it.
*Don't stand near the windows.
*Don't take a shower or bath. Lightning can travel through water.
*Never use the phone. __4__.
If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors：
__5__. If there's no building around, try to find a low place to stay in.
*Do not go under a tree because lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you.
*Also never use a cell phone.
A．Try to get home as soon as possible
B．Go into a nearby building right away
C．But it is very important for us to learn about lightning
D．In fact, many people are killed by lightning every year
E．Lightning could travel through the phone line and hit you
F．Since they happen often, some people don't take them seriously
G．But you can reduce those chances by following these safety rules
参考答案
一.单词拼写
1．permitted　2.scientific　3.ignorant　4.published　5.responsibility　6.freedom　7.marriage
二.单句语法填空
1．to smoke; smoking　2.permission　3.it　4.involved　5.in　6.To　7.applications; applicants; for　8.interest　9.such　10.for; responsibility
三.完成句子
1．declare war on　2.as to whether the job was suitable for him　3.put forward a suggestion that　4.let her down
四.课文语法填空
1．to do　2.but　3.has　4.with　5.sorts　6.third　7.ignorance　8.greatly　9.it　10.Knowing
五.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项发明，发明者将能够“听”雨的传感器放入雨伞内，这样这把伞就可以测量降雨量了。
1．答案与解析：B　考查写作目的。根据全文内容尤其是第一段中的“A researcher in the Netherlands has designed a simple sensor (传感器) that ‘listens'to rain”可知，文章主要介绍了一项发明，发明者将能够“听”雨的传感器放入雨伞内，这样这把伞就可以测量降雨量了。
2．答案与解析：C　考查词义猜测。由第一段中的“that sensor can turn an umbrella into a rain measuring expert”可知，这个传感器能将雨伞变成一个测量降雨量的专家，也就是说这样的工具能帮助人们测量天气。故应选C项。
3．答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。由第四段中的“A host of big buildings can change how air and rain move during a storm”可知，在城市中，大片的高楼能够改变空气和雨的活动。这也就是官方的天气预报站难以精确地测量城市中的降雨量的原因。
4．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。由文章最后一句可知，Hut将会改善传感器使其更精准，故C项正确。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究者的目的在于探索一天走多少步更有益于健康。研究者通过对大约17 000位老年女性运动步数的研究了解到，运动有利于人们的健康和长寿，并且轻量运动比人们之前认为的对人的身体更有益处。
5．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。由文章第一段中的“In fact，the idea of walking at least 10，000 steps a day for health goes back many years to a marketing campaign started in Japan for the sale of pedometers (计步器)”可知，为了健康每天至少走10 000步的想法可以追溯到多年前日本开始的一项销售计步器的营销活动。由此说明一天至少走10 000步的概念来自广告。故选C项。
6．答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。由第三段中的“It turns out that women who took about 4，000 steps per day got an increase in longevity (长寿), compared with women who took fewer steps”和第四段中的“women who walked more than 7，500 steps per day saw no additional increase in longevity”可知，实验结果表明，每天走大约4 000步的女性比每天走更少步的女性寿命更长，而每天步行超过7 500步的女性其寿命并没有增加。故选B项。
7．答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。本文主要介绍了人们每天走的步数与健康和长寿的关系，因此最有可能出现在有关身体健康的报纸栏目上。故选A项。
六.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了雷暴的危害以及几条关于减少雷暴伤害的安全措施。
1．答案与解析：F　空处承接上文，根据空前的“In the spring and summer months，thunderstorms are common”可知，在春季和夏季，雷暴是常见的。综合选项可知，F项“因为雷暴时常发生，所以一些人并不重视”入选。F项中的“happen often”照应上文中的“common”。
2．答案与解析：D　由上文中的“but nearly 1，800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world”可知，但是世界上随时都有将近1 800次雷暴发生。而空后及接下来的内容是应对雷暴天气的安全措施，故空处要介绍的是雷暴对人类造成的危害，故D选项入选。
3．答案与解析：G　空处承上启下，根据下文中介绍减少雷暴伤害的安全措施可知，本空引出下文中的措施，故G项“但是通过遵守以下这些安全条例，你可以降低(被闪电击中的)可能性”入选。
4．答案与解析：E　根据“Never use the phone”可知，在雷暴天气时，你在屋内不能用电话，故接下来要说用电话带来的危害。故E项符合语境。
5．答案与解析：B　根据空后的“If there's no building around，try to find a low place to stay in”可知，如果附近没有建筑，那就找个低矮的地方，待在那里。分析选项可知B项承接下文，告诉我们在室外遭受雷暴时，要马上进入附近的建筑内。故选B。