2022届高考英语二轮复习：形容词副词和比较等级学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：形容词副词和比较等级学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2021-12-07 22:36:23 | ||
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形容词、副词和比较等级
高考真题练习
Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷) The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
2. (2019·天津高考) No one wants to live an extremely (extreme) long life with a lot of chronic diseases.
3. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer (long) than non-runners.
4. (2019·北京高考) It’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful (meaning) college experience.
5. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) He screams the loudest (loud) of all.
Ⅰ. 语法填空五谨记
1. 看到空格处修饰的是名词，要想到用形容词。
2. 看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。
3. 看到与than连用，要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。
4. 看到and，or，but等并列连词前或后用的比较级，要想到用比较级。
5. 看到语境中暗含比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. (hardly改为hard)
2. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. (simply改为simple)
3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷) See you sooner. (sooner改为soon)
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Immediate, I raised my hand. (Immediate改为Immediately)
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) A sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. (去掉more)
Ⅱ. 短文改错六定法
1. 牢记易混词的词义：如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等；
2. 掌握易混词的词性，主要考查形容词、副词、名词的词性混淆；
3. 根据句意作出正确判断；
4. 看比较范围，判断形式是否正确。如果是两者之间的比较，则用比较级；如果是三者或三者以上的比较，则用最高级；
5. 看比较级前是否误加了more；
6. 看含有比较等级的固定句式是否准确。
考点总结：
1形容词和副词的句法功能
1. 形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。
※I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon. (作定语)
※I know he is too optimistic but I don’t want to depress him. (作表语)
※The room was found very dirty. (作主语补足语)
※Optimism makes a life happier and more meaningful. (作宾语补足语)
※Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. (作状语)
(1)通常只作表语的形容词：
①以“a-”开头的形容词：afraid害怕的，alone孤单的，alive活着的，alike相似的，ashamed羞愧的，awake醒着的；
②content, worth, ill(有病的，不舒服的), sure, liable, well等。
(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词：
possible, impossible, probable, convenient, necessary等。
(3)形容词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
2. 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。
※Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently. (作状语)
※The tide was out and they walked among the rock pools. (作表语)
※Unfortunately, I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep. (作状语)
(1)有些副词并不修饰动词，而是修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有：
表递进 besides, further, then, moreover等
表结果 therefore, consequently, accordingly, thus等
表转折 though, instead, otherwise, however等
表等同 similarly, equally等
表对比 rather, oppositely等
表概括 altogether, generally等
表列举 first(ly), second(ly), finally等
表同位 namely等
表时间 meanwhile, sometimes, occasionally等
表特指 particularly, especially等
2形容词和副词的相互转化
1. 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:
转换方法 例词
一般情况，在形容词词尾直接加-ly real—really; helpful—helpfully
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i，然后再加-ly busy—busily; angry—angrily; easy—easily
以-le结尾，去e直接加y terrible—terribly; gentle—gently
元音字母+e结尾，先去掉e，然后再加-ly true—truly
其他 以ll结尾的词只加y full—fully
以ic结尾的词加ally automatic—automatically energetic—energetically
2. 在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud, well等。
※It brought a wide smile to his face and laughter to his eyes. (形容词)
※In a few seconds she was wide awake. (副词)
下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, timely等。
3形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1. 比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则形式
①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加-er，-est构成，如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表：
特殊情况 构成方式 例词
以不发音的e结尾 加-r和-st brave—braver—bravest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i, 再加-er和-est happy—happier—happiest
以重读闭音节结尾 双写词尾字母, 再加-er和-est hot—hotter—hottest
②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more, most构成。
active—more active—most active
happily—more happily—most happily
①少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式
common—commoner/more common—commonest/most common
②表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
(2)不规则形式
good/well—better—best
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
bad/ill/badly—worse—worst
2. 比较等级的用法
(1)基本用法
①两者相比，表示“和……一样”，用“as+原级+as”表示。
※He worked as fast as a qualified technician.
在同级比较中，若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词，其语序为：as+ adj. +a(n)+n. +as。
※John is as clever a boy as you wish to meet.
②两者相比，表示“不如……”，用“not as/so+原级+as”。
※It is not so expensive as you might expect.
③两者相比，表示“比……更”，用“比较级+than”；表示“不比……更”，用“not+比较级+than”。
※The process of learning and developing is more important than the outcome.
※Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.
有些形容词本身含有比较的意义，其后面用to而不用than。如：superior to(优于，高于)；inferior to (次于)；senior to (年长于，地位高于)；junior to(地位低于)；prior to (早于，较重要于)。
④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级+比较范围”。
※Her sons are the most important thing in her life.
(2)特殊用法
①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
※Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.
②“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。
※The harder we work, the more progress we will make.
③“more+原级+than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
※She looks more asleep than clever.
④“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。
※The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.
⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级
※I couldn’t agree with you any more.
⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型
a. ...倍数+as+原级+as...
※The new building is three times as high as the old one.
b. ...倍数+比较级+than...
※The new building is twice higher than the old one.
c. ...倍数+the size/length/width/height, etc. +of...
※The new building is three times the height of the old one.
※Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.
=Our classroom is twice larger than theirs.
=Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.
3. 比较级的修饰语
(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。
※The theme of the play stood out even more clearly after it was revised.
(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等。
※I would say that intellect is by far the most important factor.
4常用的分词形容词和副词
-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别：-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到……”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested/interesting; excited/exciting; frightened/frightening; surprised/surprising; pleased/pleasing; moved/moving; disappointed/disappointing等。
※The wine was excellent, but the food was disappointing.
※We will be pleased to answer any questions you may have.
原则上，-ed形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为look (表情)，air(神态)，appearance(外貌)，cry(哭声)，face(表情)，voice(声音)，mood(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。
※Roger just looked up at him with a surprised look.
※A hand helped me out of the tree, and a frightened voice asked me if I was badly hurt.
小题练习
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
①(2020·浙江高考) Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.
②(2019·浙江高考) School uniforms are traditional (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
③(2018·浙江高考) Eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
④(2019·江苏高考) Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently (gentle) placed his fingers on the keys.
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic (energy).
⑥(2018·浙江高考) There could be an even higher (high) cost on your health.
⑦Obviously (obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
⑧The more support you win from others, the faster (fast) you will move toward your goal.
⑨I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was more convenient (convenient) than others.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. (amazing改为amazed)
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) I’m surely you’ll have a good time. (surely改为sure)
③Over the past few decades, we have developed an amazing network of public transportation. Beside, we have decided to make efforts to make it much better. (Beside改为Besides)
④Like most grown-ups, she enjoys folk songs, because the peacefully music reminds her of her beautiful life when she was young. (peacefully改为peaceful)
⑤But I think we’d better have more outdoor activities. As students, we usually sit too longer in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains get tired. (longer改为long)
⑥The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. (taste改为tasty)
⑦Don’t panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly. (calmly改为calm)
⑧Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” (terrible改为terribly)
能力提升
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Although not everyone agrees with the exam-oriented method this school uses, it still offers gaokao candidates relatively (relative) fair access to higher education.
2. A young man in Wuhan, Hubei Province has become the latest Internet sensation after a video showing his heart-warming act on a subway train went viral on social media recently (recent).
3. With countless (count) treasures brought back from the East, he became a wealthy man overnight.
4. And if the worst comes to the worst, remember the old English proverb, “Better (well) late than never.”
5. The east side of their stems grows faster during the day, causing the stems to gradually (gradual) bend from east to west.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.
In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 1. __________ (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 2. __________ the cheeks. This is also common in France, 3. __________ the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 4. __________ universal rule.
During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 5. __________(leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 6. __________ (hug) each other—something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 7. __________ (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 8. __________ (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well.
Wouldn’t it be 9. __________ (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 10. __________ (wide) acceptable I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.
课堂练习
【基础】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Landing on the moon’s far side is extremely (extreme) challenging.
2. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
3. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. Certainly (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
4. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
5. (2020·新课标卷Ⅲ) One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
6. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷) We are so proud of her. It’s wonderful (wonder).
7. (2019·浙江卷) School uniforms are traditional (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (globe) fertilizer consumption.
9. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic (energy).
10. (2018·浙江卷) The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
Ⅱ. 单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
2. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
3. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
4. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) See you sooner.
5. (2020·新课标卷Ⅲ) In order to make surely all of us are in good health, she makes specific plans for us.
6. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷) First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
7. (2019·全国Ⅲ卷) What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
8. (全国卷Ⅰ) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
9. (2017·全国Ⅲ) I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.
10. (2019·全国Ⅰ卷) From now on, I started to play football with classmates after school.
【提升】
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Visitors to Britain may find the 1. best (good) place to enjoy local culture is in a 2. traditional (tradition) pub. A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown culture of British pubs—starting with the 3. difficulty (difficult) of getting a drink. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a 4. hidden (hide) meaning.
Pub culture is formed to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others who are waiting to be served. The bar counter is 5. possibly (possible) the only place in Britain where a 6. friendly (friend) talk with strangers is considered to be 7. entirely (entire) proper and really quite normal behavior. 8. However, if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry 9. more (much) than a group of 10. strangers (strange) blocking all passages to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.
Ⅳ. 短文改错
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice how to read books correct. To read successful requires right ways of reading. Here is my advice.
First of all, choose a book which is neither too difficulty nor too easy for you. If you find it too hardly to go on with the hook, just put it aside for a moment and change it for an easy one. Therefore, choose books that not only interest you but benefit from you, since reading is not always for fun only. Finally, do make the most of dictionaries, as dictionaries are your best teacher.
I hope my advice will be of greatly help to you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
语法填空答案：
1. 【解析】is considered。考查时态和语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实，与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。
2. 【解析】on。考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊，在脸上用介词on，故填on。
3. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词是France，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故填where。
4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式，此处表示一种普遍的规则，universal发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
5. 【解析】leaving。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系，用动词-ing形式作结果状语，故填leaving。
6. 【解析】to hug。考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句，此处强调具体的动作用动词不定式作表语。故填to hug。
7. 【解析】frightened。考查形容词。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。
8. 【解析】strangers。考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填strangers。
9. 【解析】enjoyable。考查形容词。此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语，故填enjoyable。
10. 【解析】widely。考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词，指广泛接受的，故填widely。
【基础】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Landing on the moon’s far side is extremely (extreme) challenging.
【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式。故填extremely。
2. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【解析】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰。故填much。
3. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. Certainly (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能符合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
4. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
5. (2020·新课标卷Ⅲ) One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
【解析】考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
6. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷) We are so proud of her. It’s wonderful (wonder).
【解析】考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词wonder转化为形容词wonderful。故填wonderful。
7. (2019·浙江卷) School uniforms are traditional (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
【解析】考查词性转化。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思。因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (globe) fertilizer consumption.
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
9. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic (energy).
【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
10. (2018·浙江卷) The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”。故填affordable。
Ⅱ. 单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
simply改为simple
【解析】考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。
2. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
将surely改为sure
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
3. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
such改为so
【解析】考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应表示“以便；所以”。故将such改为so。
4. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) See you sooner.
sooner改为soon
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”，是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。
5. (2020·新课标卷Ⅲ) In order to make surely all of us are in good health, she makes specific plans for us.
surely改成sure
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：为了确保我们所有人身体好，她为我们制定了特殊的计划。make sure确保，该短语是固定短语，所以surely改成sure。
6. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷) First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
coolly改成cool
【解析】考查形容词副词的相互转化。look此处意为“看起来”，是系动词，其后形容词做表语，故把coolly改成cool。句意：首先，我想成为一名消防员，他的制服看起来很酷。
7. (2019·全国Ⅲ卷) What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
ordinarily→ordinary
【解析】本句中cafe是名词，其前面应该用形容词来修饰，故把ordinarily改成ordinary。句意：我想要的不是一个普通的咖啡馆，而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。
8. (全国卷Ⅰ) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
suddenly→sudden
【解析】此处stop是名词，名词前是形容词修饰，所以把suddenly改为sudden。
9. (2017·全国Ⅲ) I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.
difference→different
【解析】形容词修饰名词kinds。
10. (2019·全国Ⅰ卷) From now on, I started to play football with classmates after school.
now改成then
【解析】考查副词。from then on，从那时起，一般接一般过去时。与from now on 区别开来，from now on，从现在起，一般接一般将来时。根据后面的started用的是过去时态，句意“从那时开始，放学后我开始和同学们踢足球”，故把now改成then。
【提升】
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Visitors to Britain may find the 1. best (good) place to enjoy local culture is in a 2. traditional (tradition) pub. A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown culture of British pubs—starting with the 3. difficulty (difficult) of getting a drink. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a 4. hidden (hide) meaning.
Pub culture is formed to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others who are waiting to be served. The bar counter is 5. possibly (possible) the only place in Britain where a 6. friendly (friend) talk with strangers is considered to be 7. entirely (entire) proper and really quite normal behavior. 8. However, if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry 9. more (much) than a group of 10. strangers (strange) blocking all passages to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.
【解析】本文讲述的是关于享受英国文化最好的去处：酒吧。
1. 考查形容词最高级的用法。根据语境分析可知，此处暗含了一定的范围。即“在英国”，应该填提示词的最高级形式best。
2. 考查派生词的用法。分析句子成分可知，此处应该填一个形容词作定语，修饰名词pub，所以填提示词的形容词形式traditional。
3. 考查派生词的用法。所填单词前有定冠词the，其后有介词，故应填写difficult的名词形式。
4. 考查形容词的用法。hidden是hide的过去分词，又可作形容词，意思是“隐藏的”。此处修饰名词meaning。故填hidden。
5. 考查派生词的用法。此处在句中修饰系动词，作状语，应该填提示词的副词形式possibly。
6. 考查派生词的用法。根据语境“与陌生人友好的交谈”可知，此处在句中作定语，填提示词的形容词形式friendly。
7. 考查派生词的用法。此处在句中作状语，修饰形容词proper，填提示词的副词形式entirely。
8. 考查副词的用法。根据语境可知，上下文之间为转折关系，且空格处用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，所以填表示转折关系的副词however。
9. 考查比较级的用法。根据后面的than可知，此处填提示词的比较级形式more。
10. 根据横线所在的位置可知此处应填名词词性，短语“a group of”只修饰名词复数，故填strangers。
Ⅳ. 短文改错
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice how to read books correct. To read successful requires right ways of reading. Here is my advice.
First of all, choose a book which is neither too difficulty nor too easy for you. If you find it too hardly to go on with the hook, just put it aside for a moment and change it for an easy one. Therefore, choose books that not only interest you but benefit from you, since reading is not always for fun only. Finally, do make the most of dictionaries, as dictionaries are your best teacher.
I hope my advice will be of greatly help to you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice how to read books . To read requires right ways of reading. Here is my advice.
First of all, choose a book which is neither too nor too easy for you. If you find it too to go on with the hook, just put it aside for a moment and change it for an one. , choose books that not only interest you but benefit from you, since reading is not always for fun only. Finally, do make the most of dictionaries, as dictionaries are your best .
I hope my advice will be of help to you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hu
18
高考真题练习
Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷) The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
2. (2019·天津高考) No one wants to live an extremely (extreme) long life with a lot of chronic diseases.
3. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer (long) than non-runners.
4. (2019·北京高考) It’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful (meaning) college experience.
5. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) He screams the loudest (loud) of all.
Ⅰ. 语法填空五谨记
1. 看到空格处修饰的是名词，要想到用形容词。
2. 看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。
3. 看到与than连用，要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。
4. 看到and，or，but等并列连词前或后用的比较级，要想到用比较级。
5. 看到语境中暗含比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. (hardly改为hard)
2. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. (simply改为simple)
3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷) See you sooner. (sooner改为soon)
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Immediate, I raised my hand. (Immediate改为Immediately)
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) A sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. (去掉more)
Ⅱ. 短文改错六定法
1. 牢记易混词的词义：如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等；
2. 掌握易混词的词性，主要考查形容词、副词、名词的词性混淆；
3. 根据句意作出正确判断；
4. 看比较范围，判断形式是否正确。如果是两者之间的比较，则用比较级；如果是三者或三者以上的比较，则用最高级；
5. 看比较级前是否误加了more；
6. 看含有比较等级的固定句式是否准确。
考点总结：
1形容词和副词的句法功能
1. 形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。
※I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon. (作定语)
※I know he is too optimistic but I don’t want to depress him. (作表语)
※The room was found very dirty. (作主语补足语)
※Optimism makes a life happier and more meaningful. (作宾语补足语)
※Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. (作状语)
(1)通常只作表语的形容词：
①以“a-”开头的形容词：afraid害怕的，alone孤单的，alive活着的，alike相似的，ashamed羞愧的，awake醒着的；
②content, worth, ill(有病的，不舒服的), sure, liable, well等。
(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词：
possible, impossible, probable, convenient, necessary等。
(3)形容词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
2. 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。
※Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently. (作状语)
※The tide was out and they walked among the rock pools. (作表语)
※Unfortunately, I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep. (作状语)
(1)有些副词并不修饰动词，而是修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有：
表递进 besides, further, then, moreover等
表结果 therefore, consequently, accordingly, thus等
表转折 though, instead, otherwise, however等
表等同 similarly, equally等
表对比 rather, oppositely等
表概括 altogether, generally等
表列举 first(ly), second(ly), finally等
表同位 namely等
表时间 meanwhile, sometimes, occasionally等
表特指 particularly, especially等
2形容词和副词的相互转化
1. 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:
转换方法 例词
一般情况，在形容词词尾直接加-ly real—really; helpful—helpfully
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i，然后再加-ly busy—busily; angry—angrily; easy—easily
以-le结尾，去e直接加y terrible—terribly; gentle—gently
元音字母+e结尾，先去掉e，然后再加-ly true—truly
其他 以ll结尾的词只加y full—fully
以ic结尾的词加ally automatic—automatically energetic—energetically
2. 在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud, well等。
※It brought a wide smile to his face and laughter to his eyes. (形容词)
※In a few seconds she was wide awake. (副词)
下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, timely等。
3形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1. 比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则形式
①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加-er，-est构成，如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表：
特殊情况 构成方式 例词
以不发音的e结尾 加-r和-st brave—braver—bravest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i, 再加-er和-est happy—happier—happiest
以重读闭音节结尾 双写词尾字母, 再加-er和-est hot—hotter—hottest
②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more, most构成。
active—more active—most active
happily—more happily—most happily
①少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式
common—commoner/more common—commonest/most common
②表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
(2)不规则形式
good/well—better—best
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
bad/ill/badly—worse—worst
2. 比较等级的用法
(1)基本用法
①两者相比，表示“和……一样”，用“as+原级+as”表示。
※He worked as fast as a qualified technician.
在同级比较中，若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词，其语序为：as+ adj. +a(n)+n. +as。
※John is as clever a boy as you wish to meet.
②两者相比，表示“不如……”，用“not as/so+原级+as”。
※It is not so expensive as you might expect.
③两者相比，表示“比……更”，用“比较级+than”；表示“不比……更”，用“not+比较级+than”。
※The process of learning and developing is more important than the outcome.
※Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.
有些形容词本身含有比较的意义，其后面用to而不用than。如：superior to(优于，高于)；inferior to (次于)；senior to (年长于，地位高于)；junior to(地位低于)；prior to (早于，较重要于)。
④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级+比较范围”。
※Her sons are the most important thing in her life.
(2)特殊用法
①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
※Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.
②“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。
※The harder we work, the more progress we will make.
③“more+原级+than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
※She looks more asleep than clever.
④“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。
※The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.
⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级
※I couldn’t agree with you any more.
⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型
a. ...倍数+as+原级+as...
※The new building is three times as high as the old one.
b. ...倍数+比较级+than...
※The new building is twice higher than the old one.
c. ...倍数+the size/length/width/height, etc. +of...
※The new building is three times the height of the old one.
※Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.
=Our classroom is twice larger than theirs.
=Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.
3. 比较级的修饰语
(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。
※The theme of the play stood out even more clearly after it was revised.
(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等。
※I would say that intellect is by far the most important factor.
4常用的分词形容词和副词
-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别：-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到……”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested/interesting; excited/exciting; frightened/frightening; surprised/surprising; pleased/pleasing; moved/moving; disappointed/disappointing等。
※The wine was excellent, but the food was disappointing.
※We will be pleased to answer any questions you may have.
原则上，-ed形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为look (表情)，air(神态)，appearance(外貌)，cry(哭声)，face(表情)，voice(声音)，mood(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。
※Roger just looked up at him with a surprised look.
※A hand helped me out of the tree, and a frightened voice asked me if I was badly hurt.
小题练习
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
①(2020·浙江高考) Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.
②(2019·浙江高考) School uniforms are traditional (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
③(2018·浙江高考) Eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
④(2019·江苏高考) Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently (gentle) placed his fingers on the keys.
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic (energy).
⑥(2018·浙江高考) There could be an even higher (high) cost on your health.
⑦Obviously (obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
⑧The more support you win from others, the faster (fast) you will move toward your goal.
⑨I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was more convenient (convenient) than others.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. (amazing改为amazed)
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) I’m surely you’ll have a good time. (surely改为sure)
③Over the past few decades, we have developed an amazing network of public transportation. Beside, we have decided to make efforts to make it much better. (Beside改为Besides)
④Like most grown-ups, she enjoys folk songs, because the peacefully music reminds her of her beautiful life when she was young. (peacefully改为peaceful)
⑤But I think we’d better have more outdoor activities. As students, we usually sit too longer in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains get tired. (longer改为long)
⑥The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. (taste改为tasty)
⑦Don’t panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly. (calmly改为calm)
⑧Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” (terrible改为terribly)
能力提升
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Although not everyone agrees with the exam-oriented method this school uses, it still offers gaokao candidates relatively (relative) fair access to higher education.
2. A young man in Wuhan, Hubei Province has become the latest Internet sensation after a video showing his heart-warming act on a subway train went viral on social media recently (recent).
3. With countless (count) treasures brought back from the East, he became a wealthy man overnight.
4. And if the worst comes to the worst, remember the old English proverb, “Better (well) late than never.”
5. The east side of their stems grows faster during the day, causing the stems to gradually (gradual) bend from east to west.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.
In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 1. __________ (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 2. __________ the cheeks. This is also common in France, 3. __________ the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 4. __________ universal rule.
During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 5. __________(leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 6. __________ (hug) each other—something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 7. __________ (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 8. __________ (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well.
Wouldn’t it be 9. __________ (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 10. __________ (wide) acceptable I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.
课堂练习
【基础】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Landing on the moon’s far side is extremely (extreme) challenging.
2. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
3. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. Certainly (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
4. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
5. (2020·新课标卷Ⅲ) One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
6. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷) We are so proud of her. It’s wonderful (wonder).
7. (2019·浙江卷) School uniforms are traditional (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (globe) fertilizer consumption.
9. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic (energy).
10. (2018·浙江卷) The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
Ⅱ. 单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
2. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
3. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
4. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) See you sooner.
5. (2020·新课标卷Ⅲ) In order to make surely all of us are in good health, she makes specific plans for us.
6. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷) First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
7. (2019·全国Ⅲ卷) What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
8. (全国卷Ⅰ) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
9. (2017·全国Ⅲ) I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.
10. (2019·全国Ⅰ卷) From now on, I started to play football with classmates after school.
【提升】
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Visitors to Britain may find the 1. best (good) place to enjoy local culture is in a 2. traditional (tradition) pub. A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown culture of British pubs—starting with the 3. difficulty (difficult) of getting a drink. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a 4. hidden (hide) meaning.
Pub culture is formed to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others who are waiting to be served. The bar counter is 5. possibly (possible) the only place in Britain where a 6. friendly (friend) talk with strangers is considered to be 7. entirely (entire) proper and really quite normal behavior. 8. However, if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry 9. more (much) than a group of 10. strangers (strange) blocking all passages to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.
Ⅳ. 短文改错
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice how to read books correct. To read successful requires right ways of reading. Here is my advice.
First of all, choose a book which is neither too difficulty nor too easy for you. If you find it too hardly to go on with the hook, just put it aside for a moment and change it for an easy one. Therefore, choose books that not only interest you but benefit from you, since reading is not always for fun only. Finally, do make the most of dictionaries, as dictionaries are your best teacher.
I hope my advice will be of greatly help to you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
语法填空答案：
1. 【解析】is considered。考查时态和语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实，与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。
2. 【解析】on。考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊，在脸上用介词on，故填on。
3. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词是France，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故填where。
4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式，此处表示一种普遍的规则，universal发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
5. 【解析】leaving。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系，用动词-ing形式作结果状语，故填leaving。
6. 【解析】to hug。考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句，此处强调具体的动作用动词不定式作表语。故填to hug。
7. 【解析】frightened。考查形容词。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。
8. 【解析】strangers。考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填strangers。
9. 【解析】enjoyable。考查形容词。此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语，故填enjoyable。
10. 【解析】widely。考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词，指广泛接受的，故填widely。
【基础】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Landing on the moon’s far side is extremely (extreme) challenging.
【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式。故填extremely。
2. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【解析】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰。故填much。
3. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. Certainly (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能符合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
4. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
5. (2020·新课标卷Ⅲ) One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
【解析】考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
6. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷) We are so proud of her. It’s wonderful (wonder).
【解析】考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词wonder转化为形容词wonderful。故填wonderful。
7. (2019·浙江卷) School uniforms are traditional (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
【解析】考查词性转化。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思。因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (globe) fertilizer consumption.
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
9. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic (energy).
【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
10. (2018·浙江卷) The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”。故填affordable。
Ⅱ. 单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1. (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ) Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
simply改为simple
【解析】考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。
2. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
将surely改为sure
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
3. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
such改为so
【解析】考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应表示“以便；所以”。故将such改为so。
4. (2020·新课标卷Ⅱ) See you sooner.
sooner改为soon
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”，是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。
5. (2020·新课标卷Ⅲ) In order to make surely all of us are in good health, she makes specific plans for us.
surely改成sure
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：为了确保我们所有人身体好，她为我们制定了特殊的计划。make sure确保，该短语是固定短语，所以surely改成sure。
6. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷) First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
coolly改成cool
【解析】考查形容词副词的相互转化。look此处意为“看起来”，是系动词，其后形容词做表语，故把coolly改成cool。句意：首先，我想成为一名消防员，他的制服看起来很酷。
7. (2019·全国Ⅲ卷) What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
ordinarily→ordinary
【解析】本句中cafe是名词，其前面应该用形容词来修饰，故把ordinarily改成ordinary。句意：我想要的不是一个普通的咖啡馆，而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。
8. (全国卷Ⅰ) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
suddenly→sudden
【解析】此处stop是名词，名词前是形容词修饰，所以把suddenly改为sudden。
9. (2017·全国Ⅲ) I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.
difference→different
【解析】形容词修饰名词kinds。
10. (2019·全国Ⅰ卷) From now on, I started to play football with classmates after school.
now改成then
【解析】考查副词。from then on，从那时起，一般接一般过去时。与from now on 区别开来，from now on，从现在起，一般接一般将来时。根据后面的started用的是过去时态，句意“从那时开始，放学后我开始和同学们踢足球”，故把now改成then。
【提升】
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Visitors to Britain may find the 1. best (good) place to enjoy local culture is in a 2. traditional (tradition) pub. A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown culture of British pubs—starting with the 3. difficulty (difficult) of getting a drink. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a 4. hidden (hide) meaning.
Pub culture is formed to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others who are waiting to be served. The bar counter is 5. possibly (possible) the only place in Britain where a 6. friendly (friend) talk with strangers is considered to be 7. entirely (entire) proper and really quite normal behavior. 8. However, if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry 9. more (much) than a group of 10. strangers (strange) blocking all passages to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.
【解析】本文讲述的是关于享受英国文化最好的去处：酒吧。
1. 考查形容词最高级的用法。根据语境分析可知，此处暗含了一定的范围。即“在英国”，应该填提示词的最高级形式best。
2. 考查派生词的用法。分析句子成分可知，此处应该填一个形容词作定语，修饰名词pub，所以填提示词的形容词形式traditional。
3. 考查派生词的用法。所填单词前有定冠词the，其后有介词，故应填写difficult的名词形式。
4. 考查形容词的用法。hidden是hide的过去分词，又可作形容词，意思是“隐藏的”。此处修饰名词meaning。故填hidden。
5. 考查派生词的用法。此处在句中修饰系动词，作状语，应该填提示词的副词形式possibly。
6. 考查派生词的用法。根据语境“与陌生人友好的交谈”可知，此处在句中作定语，填提示词的形容词形式friendly。
7. 考查派生词的用法。此处在句中作状语，修饰形容词proper，填提示词的副词形式entirely。
8. 考查副词的用法。根据语境可知，上下文之间为转折关系，且空格处用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，所以填表示转折关系的副词however。
9. 考查比较级的用法。根据后面的than可知，此处填提示词的比较级形式more。
10. 根据横线所在的位置可知此处应填名词词性，短语“a group of”只修饰名词复数，故填strangers。
Ⅳ. 短文改错
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice how to read books correct. To read successful requires right ways of reading. Here is my advice.
First of all, choose a book which is neither too difficulty nor too easy for you. If you find it too hardly to go on with the hook, just put it aside for a moment and change it for an easy one. Therefore, choose books that not only interest you but benefit from you, since reading is not always for fun only. Finally, do make the most of dictionaries, as dictionaries are your best teacher.
I hope my advice will be of greatly help to you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice how to read books . To read requires right ways of reading. Here is my advice.
First of all, choose a book which is neither too nor too easy for you. If you find it too to go on with the hook, just put it aside for a moment and change it for an one. , choose books that not only interest you but benefit from you, since reading is not always for fun only. Finally, do make the most of dictionaries, as dictionaries are your best .
I hope my advice will be of help to you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hu
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