牛津版（2019）必修第三册：Unit4 Scientists who changed the world Extended reading 课时作业（含答案）

Unit 4　Section Ⅲ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment课时作业
(原卷+答案）
一.单词拼写
1．They have been ________ (彻底的，完全的) enemies ever since the experiment proved a failure.
2．The ceremony in this province is a ________ (幸存的事物) from pre-Christian times.
3．The thunderstorm bringing great loss was in several ________ (省份) along the Yangtze River.
4．She took a ________ (广泛的) view of the duties of being a politician.
5．She was ________ (想要，计划) to play a leading role in the space exploration.
6．What's her ________ (方法，秘诀) for selling household appliances
7．I didn't follow a recipe book so it was an ________ (尝试，实践).
8．Limited by experiment devices, we should have the machine on ________ (实验，试用) for another week.
9．Water resource is vital to humans' survival and development, and it's ________ (有限的).
10．Maintaining sales growth for these products depends on a growing class of people with sufficient disposable ________ (家庭的) income.
11．He decided to ________ (推迟) the lecture until the following day.
12．He had ________ (充分的) data for the research.
13．The ________ (数据) also showed that eating dark chocolate may exert additional beneficial effects throughout the whole body.
14．I explore the black color differently, not as a ________(纯粹的) color, but as the existence of shadow.
15．He continues to ________ (开讲座), conduct research, teach and publish scientific papers.
16.They are happy to discuss and ________ (探索) multiple possibilities and are keen to challenge conventional wisdom.
17．The art of the illustration not only enlarged our view, but also opened our ________ (智慧).
18．Such conduct is not ________ (有利的) to the international protection of knowledge rights.
19．The auditor must ________ (进行) sufficient verification.
20．His lecture was ________ (图解) with slides taken during the expedition.
二.单句语法填空
1．Some households are addicted to the new TV program about ________(survive) in the wild.
2．Peter had intended ________(take) a job in business, but abandoned that plan by accident for an unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.
3．Can you tell us your recipe ________ the theory study
4．When I am faced with difficulties in illustrating the specific theory, I usually choose to refer ________ web pages.
5．“The Thinking Laboratory” refers to a workshop in which the kids carry out ________(experiment).
6．To lose weight, he intends to limit himself ________ three cups of milk and several fruits a day.
7．It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________ (build) the new hospital in this province.
8．She recovered ________ (sufficient) to accompany Chou on his tour of Jiangsu Province.
9．Bill Robinson will first be put ________ trial for murder, based on the sufficient data.
10．The cobra, containing deadly poison, is one of the world's ________ (deadly) snakes.
11．As to the tradition, Hindus usually ________ (pure) themselves by bathing in the river Ganges.
12．We are going to listen to a lecture ________ the space exploration this afternoon.
13．He was always putting forward many creative ideas for us to explore instead of standing in front of us ________ (lecture) for a period.
14．Mr. Sand always encouraged us ________ (explore) the evolution of the animals.
15．When humans are in times of disaster, they always show the ________ (wise) to stay positive and the intelligence to rebuild for a brighter future.
16．I intended to tell you that walking is very beneficial ________ your body shape.
17．A study of travellers ________ (conduct) by the website credits Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
18．The comic ________ (illustrate) with color photographs, which is very popular with the children.
三.完成句子
1．由于在日常烹调中使用草药，那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹多活了10年。(survive sb. by)
The old lady has ____________________________________________________________
ten years for using herbs in daily cookery.
2．他已下定决心要他的儿子管理作坊。(intend sb. to do sth.)
He has made up his mind to ____________________________ manage the workshop.
3．如果你想做关于电现象的实验，你想用什么材料呢？(experiment with)
________________________________，what materials would you use
4．他很可能会在下周的演讲中出现。(Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.)
________________________________ in the lecture next week.
5．直到那时，我才意识到他们的婚姻正在破裂，因为他们没有什么共同之处。(It was not until...that...)
________________________________ I realized their marriage was breaking up because they had little in common.
四.课文语法填空
Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1.________ (receive) a Nobel Prize.
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 2.________ (study) medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine. In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3.________ malaria. 4.________ (inspire) by a 1，700-year-old text about preparing qinghao with cold water, she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5.________ (effect) part. She finally succeeded in making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 6.________， the trials on real patients were likely to 7.________ (postpone) because they did not have sufficient data. To speed up the process and ensure its 8.________ (safe), Tu and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves first.
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the most effective part of 9.________ extract and named it qinghaosu, 10.________ is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.
五、阅读理解
A
The Terracotta Army is one of the must visit attractions for all travellers to China.The attraction is located in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
What's special
The Terracotta Army is the buried army of Qin Shi Huang，an ancient Chinese emperor.These ancient sculptures were built and buried over two thousand years ago near the city of Xi'an.They were discovered in 1974 by farmers digging a well to look for underground water.Over eight thousand terracotta warriors and horses have been uncovered since then. Each warrior is made of clay.They are around two meters tall.The sculptures are so detailed that it is possible to guess the age，rank and personality of each one.None of the warriors are the same.
The best time to visit
The Terracotta Army is an indoor attraction, which is not likely to be affected by weather，so it can be visited all year round.
As the museum is one of the must visit attractions in China，it is crowded most of the time.We advise our customers to avoid the following periods when the museum is particularly crowded：
·National Day holidays (October 1～7)，when it is fully packed.
·Labour Day holidays
Weather in winter is dry，cold and the least comfortable, and it's also the worst season for air quality, but it's also low season.
Travel style：private，group or independent
A private tour means a lot of flexibility (灵活性), and you will be well taken care of by a private guide and a driver.The museum is crowded most of the time, but our guides know how to escape the crowd, and help you to enjoy more in the museum.See our 3 Day Terracotta Warriors Private Tour.
Going with a group you won't get lost，but it lacks flexibility and personal service.
Travelling on your own, you may meet a lot of trouble, such as wasting time in finding a taxi or public bus to the attraction, lining up for tickets, reading maps，making sense of Chinese signs, etc.
1．What can we know about the Terracotta Army from the first two paragraphs
A．It is discovered by workers.
B．The soldiers are made of clay.
C．The soldiers are of the same age.
D．It is located in the center of Xi'an.
2．Which is the best time to avoid the crowd
A．Summer holidays. B．National Day holidays.
C．Labour Day holidays. D．Clear winter days.
3．If you want to travel with the least trouble，which should you choose
A．A private tour. B．A tour group.
C．Travelling on your own. D．A family tour.
B
Hey Jude is the Beatles song most likely to be sung by a choir of thousands. Any good song needs to be singable, but Hey Jude goes further: It's flexible. Into the gap after “Nahh, ha, na, nahh na na, nahhh” , you can put in almost any pair of syllables (音节)．
It's a very popular song. This month, Hey Jude was the No. 1 Beatles song on Apple Music; On a music website, it was No. 4. So, of all the countless classics the Beatles recorded, Hey Jude is one of the four that younger music lovers most want to hear. What is its secret
Written by McCartney, Hey Jude bears his style. As McCartney's melodies go, it's direct, running straight into its title, just like She Loves You. The tune and the idea of the lyrics came to McCartney in 1968, when he was driving from London to Surrey to see Julian Lennon after his father John Lennon had left him for Yoko Ono, a Japanese singer and songwriter. Hey Jude began as Hey Julian, like an arm around the shoulder of the five year old boy, Julian Lennon.
By then, John and McCartney were writing separately, but still acting as each other's close partner. After working on Hey Jude some more, McCartney invited John to his house and played it to him. There was one line, “The movement you need is on your shoulder.” McCartney thought “it's not that good”， but John believed “that's the best line in it”．
This exchange, recounted by McCartney in 1994, had two results, beyond preserving the line. “You love it twice as much，” he said. It would forever remind him of John: It's an emotional point in the song.
4．What do we know about Hey Jude
A．It was a gift for Yoko Ono.
B．It is named after McCartney's son.
C．It is a very popular song of the Beatles.
D．It was completed all by McCartney.
5．Why did McCartney write Hey Jude
A．To comfort Julian.
B．To make a fortune.
C．To help John Lennon.
D．To make himself more popular.
6．Which of the following words can best describe McCartney
A．Capable but selfish.
B．Ordinary but hard working.
C．Creative and warm hearted.
D．Humorous and outgoing.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．A romantic story between lovers
B．A tough decision made by a father and his son
C．Hey Jude, the most valuable gift from the Beatles
D．How was Hey Jude created by McCartney
C
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why Why Why ”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man，”said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child's heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
8．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________．
A．propose a definition B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument
9．What does the example of Galileo tell us
A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C．Creativity results from challenging authority.
D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
10．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent
A.Observe the unknown around you.
B．Develop a questioning mind.
C．Lead a life of adventure.
D．Follow the fashion.
11．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7
A．Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B．The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
12．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B．Reflections on Human Nature
C．The Keys to Achievement
D．Never Too Late to Learn
参考答案
一.单词拼写
1．deadly　2.survival　3.provinces　4.broad　5.intended　6.recipe　7.experiment　8.trial　9.limited　10.household　11.postpone　12.sufficient　13.data　14.pure　15.lecture　16.explore　17.wisdom　18.beneficial　19.conduct　20.illustrated
二.单句语法填空
1．survival　2.to take　3.for　4.to　5.experiments　6.to　7.building　8.sufficiently　9.on　10.deadliest　11.purify　12.on/about　13.lecturing　14.to explore　15.wisdom　16.to　17.conducted　18.is illustrated
三.完成句子
1．survived all her sisters and brothers by
2．intend his son to
3．If you want to experiment with electricity
4．He is likely to appear
5．It was not until then that
四.课文语法填空
1．to receive　2.studied　3.for　4.Inspired　5.effective　6.However　7.be postponed　8.safety　9.the　10.which
五、阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了陕西兵马俑的独特之处、最佳参观时间和旅行方式。
1．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据What's special？部分中的“Each warrior is made of clay”可知，兵马俑是由黏土做成的。故选B项。
2．答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据The best time to visit部分中的“Weather in winter is dry，cold and the least comfortable，and it's also the worst season for air quality，but it's also low season”可知，冬季是去兵马俑旅游的淡季，不拥挤。故选D项。
3．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据Travel style：private，group or independent？部分中的“A private tour means a lot of flexibility (灵活性)，and you will be well taken care of by a private guide and a driver”以及另外两种方式的介绍可知，私人行意味着灵活性很大，私人导游和司机会精心照顾你，因此麻烦最少。故选A项。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。Hey Jude这首歌是披头士乐队非常受欢迎的歌曲，McCartney创作这首歌是为了抚慰John Lennon的儿子Julian Lennon。
4．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Hey Jude is the Beatles song most likely to be sung by a choir of thousands”和第二段中的“It's a very popular song...younger music lovers most want to hear”可知，Hey Jude是披头士乐队非常受欢迎的歌曲。故选C。
5．答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。由第三段内容，尤其是“Hey Jude began as Hey Julian，like an arm around the shoulder of the five year old boy, Julian Lennon”可推知，McCartney写Hey Jude是为了安慰Julian。故选A。
6．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。由第三段中的“when he was driving from London to Surrey to see Julian Lennon after his father John Lennon had left him for Yoko Ono, a Japanese singer and songwriter”可知，McCartney是一个热心肠的人。再结合文中提到的McCartney创作的Hey Jude是披头士乐队非常受欢迎的歌曲可推知，McCartney具有创造力。故选C。
7．答案与解析：D　考查主旨大意。通读全文，尤其是由第二段“It's a very popular song”和“What is its secret”可知，这篇文章讲述的是Hey Jude这首歌背后的创作故事。故选D。
C
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。作者认为：有伟大成就的人和平庸的人的区别在于两种品质——好奇心和不满足，二者缺一不可。文章围绕此论点展开，旨在告诉读者，我们天生就具备好奇心和不满足的品质，需要的只是唤醒它们。本文体现了新课标立德树人的理念。
8．答案与解析：D　写作意图题。本文是一篇议论文，作者开篇明义，阐述了自己对成功人士必备品质的看法，下面各段都是围绕着这一看法展开的，故选D项“提出论点”。A项意为“提出定义”，B项意为“做比较”，C项意为“得出结论”，均不符合文意。
9．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，作者认为，好奇心和不满足是取得成就的内驱力，比雄心抱负重要得多，然后给出伽利略的例子来论证这一观点。D项“伟大来自对探索的持久渴望”与这一观点一致，注意D项中的desire与第二段第一句中的urges是同义替换。第二段最后一句也可印证答案。
10．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘The great man，’said Mencius，‘is he who does not lose his child's heart.’Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.”可知，作者认为我们大部分人都失去了童心，不再问问题，不再挑战习俗，只是随大流。由此可知，可以通过培养善于问问题的头脑来重新获得好奇心和不满足的品质。
11．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。浏览第六、七段可知，作者通过一系列实例告诉我们，缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由。
12．答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。浏览全文可知，文章主要论述了好奇心和不满足是取得成就的必备品质，二者缺一不可，全文围绕此论点展开，故C项“成功的关键”最适合作为文章标题。A项“好奇的人永远不会感到满足”、B项“对人性的反思”和D项“活到老，学到老”均不符合文意。