外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册：Unit 6 Nature in words Developing ideas 课时作业（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册：Unit 6 Nature in words Developing ideas 课时作业（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-12-07 22:58:06 | ||
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文档简介
Unit 6 Nature in words
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基础知识过关
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He is very (具有强烈信念的)about the project.
2.Can you give a more (确切的) definition of the word
3.He had made a (彻底的) investigation. No wonder he knew so much about it.
4.She has always had a high (名誉) for her excellent short stories.
5.The report, l ahead of World Hearing Day on March 3, underlines the need to rapidly step up efforts to prevent the hearing loss.
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
speak of; scores of; cause harm to; be aware of; stand by; in particular
1.Though your idea is very good, I still what I said earlier.
2.Being exposed to sunlight for too much time one’s skin.
3.On the day of Yuan Longping’s funeral, people went to mourn him.
4.I wish to thank, ,all the people who have made this exhibition possible.
5.In some languages you cannot body parts like your personal possessions.
6.People around the world should the real situation of water shortages.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.It’s reported that (dozen) of houses have been destroyed in the flood.
2.The Chinese-style furniture in the dining hall created an atmosphere of (elegant).
3.As is known to us all, chemical weapons (ban) internationally.
4.Before the class, Miss Wang asked a question, but all the students looked (puzzle).
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我们还是会照常去学校,除非下大雪。
, we will go to school as usual.
2.目前,并不是每个人都支持他的计划。
is in favor of his plan at present.
3.我们努力工作为的是赚更多的钱。
We work hard we can earn more money.
4.许多学校都禁止学生在课堂上使用手机。
Many schools phones in class.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Silent Spring
Silent Spring written by Rachel Carson was published in 1962. Carson wrote the book 1 (aim) to alert people to the damaging effects of human activities 2 natural ecosystems. And she wished to see pesticides 3 (use) in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way. The book contained a lot of scientific information, research, examples and so on, 4 showed how precise she was as a scientist. The arguments were strong and the language was 5 (elegance) and influential. However, the book was not received positively by everyone. It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry, who said that Carson’s research was not precise. Carson appeared in public and on television 6 (defend) her claims.
Carson’s message was 7 (alarm) and its influence was immediate and far-reaching. The use of DDT 8 (ban) and the EPA was established in the US. The book was considered as 9 milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. Carson earned a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s 10 (aware) of protecting natural ecosystem.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2021北京大兴高二上期末)
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
1.What can we learn about the worms in the study
A.They take plastics as their everyday food.
B.They are newly evolved creatures.
C.They can consume plastics.
D.They wind up in landfills.
2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A.identify other means of the breakdown
B.find out the source of the enzyme
C.confirm the research findings
D.increase the breakdown speed
3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A.help to raise worms
B.help make plastic bags
C.be used to clean the oceans
D.be produced in factories in future
4.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To explain a study method on worms.
B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C.To present a way to break down plastics.
D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
Ⅱ.七选五
The best time to try to fight global warming is now! Any action that reduces water and energy consumption and the build-up of harmful gases in our atmosphere helps to minimize the effects of global warming. Simple ideas that you can easily put into practice are as follows.
1 Even though some areas experience rainfall, other areas are short of water. At home, simple actions like making sure you turn off the tap while brushing your teeth will make a difference to both the environment and your water bill!
Turn off devices (设备) that are not in use. 2 Thus, you can easily develop the habit of leaving something on. Not only is this bad for the devices themselves, but also you end up wasting energy needlessly. Before smartphones and computers, there were games consuming no energy at all. 3 Surely, you will enjoy yourselves without worsening global warming.
Walk or cycle as much as possible. Not only can these great ways make us get some exercise, but they are the least-polluting means of transport. For short distances, walking and cycling should really be your first choices. Nowadays, there are many shared bikes available. 4
Use public transport or carpool. If you need to travel longer distances, public transport is greenest. 5 You could also carpool. These are designed to save you money and fill up cars that would normally be driven empty on the roads.
A.Treat water as something precious.
B.Learn something about water waste.
C.Electronic devices are around the house these days.
D.That means you don’t even have to own one to get around.
E.There are many devices that are good for the environment.
F.You can try to find plenty of ideas for traditional games and toys.
G.Taking the bus or subway is better than driving your car.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2021湖南张家界高二上期末)
I wasn’t the most popular kid in my first year of high school, not even close. I was not interested in fashion. I preferred reading to sports, and I had difficulty talking to boys. As a result, the first year of high school had not been kind to me. I had no close friends.
The girl, Ashley, was very different from me. She was fashionable, and she was very artistic, listening to bands I had never heard of. She was quite popular. We were always in the same classes throughout school, but didn’t talk much.
During summer school, the teacher asked us to pair up(结对) on a school project. Ashley didn’t seem to like working with me at first, but she gave in. I guessed it was because none of her “cool” friends were in the class. We met at the library to work on the project. Ashley did most of the talking. We sat by each other the rest of the summer and when classes ended, we continued to hang out.
I admired Ashley; she was the kind of person I thought I wanted to be. I began to wear the clothes she wore. I quit reading and started watching the TV programs that Ashley watched. I decided to take an art class though I had really wanted to take the theatre. When we started school again, I met Ashley’s group of friends, the “cool girls”. She was the leader of the group. To fit in with the group, I followed them around, laughing at their jokes and agreeing with their opinions I actually disagreed with. But I didn’t say much.
One day, I went to join the group again. They were chatting without noticing my arrival. One girl said, “Ashley, she just follows you around, trying to be you. She copies you; she doesn’t have her own personality(个性).” Ashley replied, “I wish she could find the group she actually belongs to.” I was shocked and sad. I thought I had fit in with them.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
I ran home and told my mother what had happened.
Paragraph 2:
Over the next month, I went through a lot of changes.
参考答案与解析
基础知识过关
Ⅰ.1.passionate 2.precise 3.thorough 4.reputation
5.launched
Ⅱ.1.stand by 2.causes harm to 3.scores of 4.in particular 5.speak of 6.be aware of
Ⅲ.1.dozens 考查固定短语。句意:据报道许多房屋在洪水中被毁。dozens of许多,几十。
2.elegance 考查词性转换。句意:餐厅的中式家具营造出一种高雅的氛围。介词of后应用名词形式。
3.are banned 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:众所周知,国际上禁止(使用)化学武器。chemical weapons与ban之间为被动关系,且该句叙述的是一般事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
4.puzzled 考查词性转换。句意:上课前,王老师问了一个问题,但是所有的学生们看起来都很困惑。系动词looked后应用形容词作表语。puzzled感到困惑的。
分析
本题易误填puzzling。以-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰事物,表示事物的性质或特征,意为“令人……的”。以-ed结尾的形容词通常用于修饰人,表示人的感受,意为“感到……的”。
Ⅳ.1.Unless it snows heavily
2.Not everyone
3.so that
4.ban students from using
Ⅴ.1.aiming 考查非谓语动词。句意:卡森写这本书力求使人们意识到人类的活动对自然生态系统的破坏性影响。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填非谓语动词,aim与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词,故填aiming。
2.on 考查介词。句意同上题。the effects on...对……的影响。
3.used 考查非谓语动词。句意:她希望看到杀虫剂以一种更负责任、更有限并且被更仔细监控的方式被使用。分析可知,设空处应用过去分词作宾语补足语,see sth. done“看到某事被做”,故填used。
4.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这本书包含了大量的科学信息、研究和实例等,这表明她作为一名科学家是多么一丝不苟。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,指代前面整个主句,故填which。
5.elegant 考查词性转换。句意: 论据是强有力的,语言优雅而有影响力。分析可知,设空处应用形容词,与influential并列,故填elegant“优雅的”。
6.to defend 考查非谓语动词。句意:卡森出现在公众场合和电视上,为自己的主张辩护。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用不定式作目的状语,故填to defend。
7.alarming 考查词性转换。句意:卡森的信息令人惊恐,其影响是直接而深远的。分析可知,设空处应用形容词作表语,故填alarming“令人惊恐的”。
8.was banned 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:DDT的使用被禁止,EPA在美国被建立。分析句子结构可知,设空处在前一个分句中充当谓语,由句意以及后面的was established可知应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was banned。
9.a 考查冠词。句意:这本书被认为是西方世界发起的绿色运动的一个里程碑。分析句子结构且结合句意可知,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指,且milestone是以辅音音素开头的单词,故填不定冠词a。
10.awareness 考查词性转换。句意:这本书通过提高人们对保护自然生态系统的意识而改变了世界。分析句子结构可知, 所有格people’s后应用名词, 故填awareness“意识”。
能力提升训练
Ⅰ. 语篇解读 本文为说明文,主要介绍了大蜡螟的幼虫,它胃中的酶能够降解塑料。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.可知,这些幼虫可以分解塑料。故选择C项。根据第三段第一句可以排除A项;根据文章第一段前两句Humans produce more than 30 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.可知D项错误。B项在文中没有支持信息。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物) 可知,本题选择B项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process...可以推断出,将来这种化学物质可能会在工厂被生产,故选择D项。
4.C 主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话提出可能有一种除去塑料垃圾的方法,下文一直围绕这种方法展开说明,故选择C项。
Ⅱ. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。对抗全球变暖的最佳时机就是现在!任何减少水和能源消耗以及有害气体在大气中积聚的行动都有助于将全球变暖的影响降到最低。文章介绍了可以很容易地付诸实践的几个简单方法。
1.A 根据下文Even though some areas experience rainfall, other areas are short of water.(尽管一些地区有降雨,其他地区却缺水。)可知本段主要讲了水资源的珍贵,A项 Treat water as something precious.(把水视为珍贵的东西。)符合语境。故选A。
2.C 根据上文提示Turn off devices (设备) that are not in use.(关掉不用的设备。)和下文提示Thus, you can easily develop the habit of leaving something on.(因此,你很容易养成让某个东西开着的习惯。)可知设空处应起到承上启下的作用,C项Electronic devices are around the house these days.(现在家里到处都是电子设备。)切题。故选C。
3.F 根据上文提示Before smartphones and computers, there were games consuming no energy at all.(在智能手机和电脑出现之前,有完全不消耗能量的游戏。)和下文提示Surely, you will enjoy yourselves without worsening global warming.(当然,在不加剧全球变暖的情况下,你们会玩得很开心。)可知设空处是关于从前的游戏的,F项You can try to find plenty of ideas for traditional games and toys.(你可以努力找到大量的传统游戏和玩具的想法。)切题。故选F。
4.D 根据上文提示Nowadays, there are many shared bikes available.(现在,有很多共享单车可使用。)可知,D项That means you don’t even have to own one to get around.(那意味着你甚至不必拥有一辆自行车来出行。)承接上文,故选D。
5.G 根据上文提示If you need to travel longer distances, public transport is greenest. (如果你需要长途旅行,公共交通是最环保的。)可知,G项Taking the bus or subway is better than driving your car.(坐公共汽车或乘地铁比开车更好。)切题。故选G。
Ⅲ.
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
I ran home and told my mother what had happened. She just hugged me while I cried for hours. I felt lonely and sad. The advice my mother gave was so simple. I had heard it a million times, but this time it was impressive: “Just be yourself and people will like you for who you are.” Hearing that, I stopped crying and decided to find out who I was. That was exactly what I did. I didn’t hang out with Ashley and her group any longer.
Paragraph 2:
Over the next month, I went through a lot of changes. I dropped the art class and joined the theatre. I began making new friends who liked me for who I was. I continued reading, and developed my own opinions. I never again followed the crowd. I built up the courage to participate in each of my school plays, and played lead roles. The friends I made in the theatre are still my great friends now. When looking back, I think it was in the year that I found out the person I was going to be.
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基础知识过关
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He is very (具有强烈信念的)about the project.
2.Can you give a more (确切的) definition of the word
3.He had made a (彻底的) investigation. No wonder he knew so much about it.
4.She has always had a high (名誉) for her excellent short stories.
5.The report, l ahead of World Hearing Day on March 3, underlines the need to rapidly step up efforts to prevent the hearing loss.
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
speak of; scores of; cause harm to; be aware of; stand by; in particular
1.Though your idea is very good, I still what I said earlier.
2.Being exposed to sunlight for too much time one’s skin.
3.On the day of Yuan Longping’s funeral, people went to mourn him.
4.I wish to thank, ,all the people who have made this exhibition possible.
5.In some languages you cannot body parts like your personal possessions.
6.People around the world should the real situation of water shortages.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.It’s reported that (dozen) of houses have been destroyed in the flood.
2.The Chinese-style furniture in the dining hall created an atmosphere of (elegant).
3.As is known to us all, chemical weapons (ban) internationally.
4.Before the class, Miss Wang asked a question, but all the students looked (puzzle).
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我们还是会照常去学校,除非下大雪。
, we will go to school as usual.
2.目前,并不是每个人都支持他的计划。
is in favor of his plan at present.
3.我们努力工作为的是赚更多的钱。
We work hard we can earn more money.
4.许多学校都禁止学生在课堂上使用手机。
Many schools phones in class.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Silent Spring
Silent Spring written by Rachel Carson was published in 1962. Carson wrote the book 1 (aim) to alert people to the damaging effects of human activities 2 natural ecosystems. And she wished to see pesticides 3 (use) in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way. The book contained a lot of scientific information, research, examples and so on, 4 showed how precise she was as a scientist. The arguments were strong and the language was 5 (elegance) and influential. However, the book was not received positively by everyone. It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry, who said that Carson’s research was not precise. Carson appeared in public and on television 6 (defend) her claims.
Carson’s message was 7 (alarm) and its influence was immediate and far-reaching. The use of DDT 8 (ban) and the EPA was established in the US. The book was considered as 9 milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. Carson earned a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s 10 (aware) of protecting natural ecosystem.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2021北京大兴高二上期末)
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
1.What can we learn about the worms in the study
A.They take plastics as their everyday food.
B.They are newly evolved creatures.
C.They can consume plastics.
D.They wind up in landfills.
2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A.identify other means of the breakdown
B.find out the source of the enzyme
C.confirm the research findings
D.increase the breakdown speed
3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A.help to raise worms
B.help make plastic bags
C.be used to clean the oceans
D.be produced in factories in future
4.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To explain a study method on worms.
B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C.To present a way to break down plastics.
D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
Ⅱ.七选五
The best time to try to fight global warming is now! Any action that reduces water and energy consumption and the build-up of harmful gases in our atmosphere helps to minimize the effects of global warming. Simple ideas that you can easily put into practice are as follows.
1 Even though some areas experience rainfall, other areas are short of water. At home, simple actions like making sure you turn off the tap while brushing your teeth will make a difference to both the environment and your water bill!
Turn off devices (设备) that are not in use. 2 Thus, you can easily develop the habit of leaving something on. Not only is this bad for the devices themselves, but also you end up wasting energy needlessly. Before smartphones and computers, there were games consuming no energy at all. 3 Surely, you will enjoy yourselves without worsening global warming.
Walk or cycle as much as possible. Not only can these great ways make us get some exercise, but they are the least-polluting means of transport. For short distances, walking and cycling should really be your first choices. Nowadays, there are many shared bikes available. 4
Use public transport or carpool. If you need to travel longer distances, public transport is greenest. 5 You could also carpool. These are designed to save you money and fill up cars that would normally be driven empty on the roads.
A.Treat water as something precious.
B.Learn something about water waste.
C.Electronic devices are around the house these days.
D.That means you don’t even have to own one to get around.
E.There are many devices that are good for the environment.
F.You can try to find plenty of ideas for traditional games and toys.
G.Taking the bus or subway is better than driving your car.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2021湖南张家界高二上期末)
I wasn’t the most popular kid in my first year of high school, not even close. I was not interested in fashion. I preferred reading to sports, and I had difficulty talking to boys. As a result, the first year of high school had not been kind to me. I had no close friends.
The girl, Ashley, was very different from me. She was fashionable, and she was very artistic, listening to bands I had never heard of. She was quite popular. We were always in the same classes throughout school, but didn’t talk much.
During summer school, the teacher asked us to pair up(结对) on a school project. Ashley didn’t seem to like working with me at first, but she gave in. I guessed it was because none of her “cool” friends were in the class. We met at the library to work on the project. Ashley did most of the talking. We sat by each other the rest of the summer and when classes ended, we continued to hang out.
I admired Ashley; she was the kind of person I thought I wanted to be. I began to wear the clothes she wore. I quit reading and started watching the TV programs that Ashley watched. I decided to take an art class though I had really wanted to take the theatre. When we started school again, I met Ashley’s group of friends, the “cool girls”. She was the leader of the group. To fit in with the group, I followed them around, laughing at their jokes and agreeing with their opinions I actually disagreed with. But I didn’t say much.
One day, I went to join the group again. They were chatting without noticing my arrival. One girl said, “Ashley, she just follows you around, trying to be you. She copies you; she doesn’t have her own personality(个性).” Ashley replied, “I wish she could find the group she actually belongs to.” I was shocked and sad. I thought I had fit in with them.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
I ran home and told my mother what had happened.
Paragraph 2:
Over the next month, I went through a lot of changes.
参考答案与解析
基础知识过关
Ⅰ.1.passionate 2.precise 3.thorough 4.reputation
5.launched
Ⅱ.1.stand by 2.causes harm to 3.scores of 4.in particular 5.speak of 6.be aware of
Ⅲ.1.dozens 考查固定短语。句意:据报道许多房屋在洪水中被毁。dozens of许多,几十。
2.elegance 考查词性转换。句意:餐厅的中式家具营造出一种高雅的氛围。介词of后应用名词形式。
3.are banned 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:众所周知,国际上禁止(使用)化学武器。chemical weapons与ban之间为被动关系,且该句叙述的是一般事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
4.puzzled 考查词性转换。句意:上课前,王老师问了一个问题,但是所有的学生们看起来都很困惑。系动词looked后应用形容词作表语。puzzled感到困惑的。
分析
本题易误填puzzling。以-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰事物,表示事物的性质或特征,意为“令人……的”。以-ed结尾的形容词通常用于修饰人,表示人的感受,意为“感到……的”。
Ⅳ.1.Unless it snows heavily
2.Not everyone
3.so that
4.ban students from using
Ⅴ.1.aiming 考查非谓语动词。句意:卡森写这本书力求使人们意识到人类的活动对自然生态系统的破坏性影响。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填非谓语动词,aim与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词,故填aiming。
2.on 考查介词。句意同上题。the effects on...对……的影响。
3.used 考查非谓语动词。句意:她希望看到杀虫剂以一种更负责任、更有限并且被更仔细监控的方式被使用。分析可知,设空处应用过去分词作宾语补足语,see sth. done“看到某事被做”,故填used。
4.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这本书包含了大量的科学信息、研究和实例等,这表明她作为一名科学家是多么一丝不苟。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,指代前面整个主句,故填which。
5.elegant 考查词性转换。句意: 论据是强有力的,语言优雅而有影响力。分析可知,设空处应用形容词,与influential并列,故填elegant“优雅的”。
6.to defend 考查非谓语动词。句意:卡森出现在公众场合和电视上,为自己的主张辩护。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用不定式作目的状语,故填to defend。
7.alarming 考查词性转换。句意:卡森的信息令人惊恐,其影响是直接而深远的。分析可知,设空处应用形容词作表语,故填alarming“令人惊恐的”。
8.was banned 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:DDT的使用被禁止,EPA在美国被建立。分析句子结构可知,设空处在前一个分句中充当谓语,由句意以及后面的was established可知应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was banned。
9.a 考查冠词。句意:这本书被认为是西方世界发起的绿色运动的一个里程碑。分析句子结构且结合句意可知,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指,且milestone是以辅音音素开头的单词,故填不定冠词a。
10.awareness 考查词性转换。句意:这本书通过提高人们对保护自然生态系统的意识而改变了世界。分析句子结构可知, 所有格people’s后应用名词, 故填awareness“意识”。
能力提升训练
Ⅰ. 语篇解读 本文为说明文,主要介绍了大蜡螟的幼虫,它胃中的酶能够降解塑料。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.可知,这些幼虫可以分解塑料。故选择C项。根据第三段第一句可以排除A项;根据文章第一段前两句Humans produce more than 30 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.可知D项错误。B项在文中没有支持信息。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物) 可知,本题选择B项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process...可以推断出,将来这种化学物质可能会在工厂被生产,故选择D项。
4.C 主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话提出可能有一种除去塑料垃圾的方法,下文一直围绕这种方法展开说明,故选择C项。
Ⅱ. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。对抗全球变暖的最佳时机就是现在!任何减少水和能源消耗以及有害气体在大气中积聚的行动都有助于将全球变暖的影响降到最低。文章介绍了可以很容易地付诸实践的几个简单方法。
1.A 根据下文Even though some areas experience rainfall, other areas are short of water.(尽管一些地区有降雨,其他地区却缺水。)可知本段主要讲了水资源的珍贵,A项 Treat water as something precious.(把水视为珍贵的东西。)符合语境。故选A。
2.C 根据上文提示Turn off devices (设备) that are not in use.(关掉不用的设备。)和下文提示Thus, you can easily develop the habit of leaving something on.(因此,你很容易养成让某个东西开着的习惯。)可知设空处应起到承上启下的作用,C项Electronic devices are around the house these days.(现在家里到处都是电子设备。)切题。故选C。
3.F 根据上文提示Before smartphones and computers, there were games consuming no energy at all.(在智能手机和电脑出现之前,有完全不消耗能量的游戏。)和下文提示Surely, you will enjoy yourselves without worsening global warming.(当然,在不加剧全球变暖的情况下,你们会玩得很开心。)可知设空处是关于从前的游戏的,F项You can try to find plenty of ideas for traditional games and toys.(你可以努力找到大量的传统游戏和玩具的想法。)切题。故选F。
4.D 根据上文提示Nowadays, there are many shared bikes available.(现在,有很多共享单车可使用。)可知,D项That means you don’t even have to own one to get around.(那意味着你甚至不必拥有一辆自行车来出行。)承接上文,故选D。
5.G 根据上文提示If you need to travel longer distances, public transport is greenest. (如果你需要长途旅行,公共交通是最环保的。)可知,G项Taking the bus or subway is better than driving your car.(坐公共汽车或乘地铁比开车更好。)切题。故选G。
Ⅲ.
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
I ran home and told my mother what had happened. She just hugged me while I cried for hours. I felt lonely and sad. The advice my mother gave was so simple. I had heard it a million times, but this time it was impressive: “Just be yourself and people will like you for who you are.” Hearing that, I stopped crying and decided to find out who I was. That was exactly what I did. I didn’t hang out with Ashley and her group any longer.
Paragraph 2:
Over the next month, I went through a lot of changes. I dropped the art class and joined the theatre. I began making new friends who liked me for who I was. I continued reading, and developed my own opinions. I never again followed the crowd. I built up the courage to participate in each of my school plays, and played lead roles. The friends I made in the theatre are still my great friends now. When looking back, I think it was in the year that I found out the person I was going to be.