2022届高考英语二轮复习： 定语从句讲义学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习： 定语从句讲义学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-12-08 07:37:41 | ||
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专题03 定语从句讲义 重庆市2021-2022学年高中英语语法
定语从句定义
修饰名词或者代词的句子
先行词：被修饰的名词或者代词
关系词：连接定语从句和主语之间的连接词
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which,as
关系副词有：when, where, why
注意：定语从句中的所有连接词在定语从句中既充当成分，也起一个连接的作用，但是翻译的时候无意义。
关系代词的详解
who, whom,that, 代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语或者表语。
注意：who在定语从句中作主语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
Do you know the guy who/that teaches Bob Spanish
which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语或者表语。
The package that/which he carries is my box.
There is a factory that/which I visited before.
Whose，所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，表示所属关系，whose+名词一起，在从句中可作主语、宾语或者表语。
The car whose windows was broken belongs to Mr. Black.
as, 引导的定语从句可置于句首 ,代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。另外as可引导非限制性从句，常带有\'正如\'
As is known to all, China will hold the 2022Winter Olympic Games.
注意点
1）用that而不用 which的情况
①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,,little,few,much something someone等。
All that I can do is to wait.
②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
The most beautiful image that I never forget is with my family.
③先行词有the only, the very, any,the same , the last等词修饰；
Miss Wei is the very teacher the I like most.
④先行词既有人又有物时。
He never forgets the village and villagers that he spent time with.
2）用whicht而不用 that的情况
①用于非限制性定语从句（非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开）
My lecture, which started last night, was very excellent.
②定语从句前有介词的时候
There is a villa in which I lived before.
③指代前面整个主句的意思
He didn’t pass the English exam, which made his mother annoyed.
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，关系代词可以省略。
This is the house (which/ that) we bought last month.
三、关系副词的详解
1. when 代替的先行词是时间，相当于\"介词+ which\"结构。
There was a time when （at which） we didn’t have a TV.
Where 代替的先行词是地点， 相当于\"介词+ which\"结构。
Chongqing is the place where（in which） I was born.
3.why 代替的先行词是原因（reason）， 相当于\"介词+ which\"结构。
This is the reason why （for which） he refused our invitation.
注意： 当先行词是way(方式)时，关系词用that/ in which/省略.
四、定语从句的解题方法
1. 勾画出先行词和定语从句
2. 判断定语从句中是否缺主语/宾语/表语，缺主语/宾语/表语，用关系代词，不缺主语/宾语/表语，选择关系副词
3. 根据先行词，选择合适的关系词。
五、例题
在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词
The city has historically developed on seven hills, some of ___________are 250 m (820.21ft) high.
答案： 填which，先行词为seven hills，定语从句缺宾语，介词后不能用that,所以填which.
One old idiom is luoyeguigen, ______means returning to one's homeland in old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their tree.
答案： 填which，先行词为luoyeguigen，定语从句缺主语，逗号后面后不能用that ,所以填which.
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
答案： 填which/that，先行词为soil-testing program，定语从句缺主语，,所以填which/ that.
4. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
答案： 填where，先行词为an area，表地点，定语从句缺地点状语，,所以填where.
练习
(一)单项选择
1. Last summer I went to Sun Yat-sen’s hometown and visited the house _______ he was born.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
2. It was in the small house ______was built with stones by his father _______he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. that; where C. which; which D. where; that
3. I have bought two ball ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
4. _____ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As B. It C. That D. Which
5. The engineer ________my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
6. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _________are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
7. I can never forget the day _______we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
8. The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ___ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.
A. them B. those C. which D. whose
9. At last the thief took out everything ________ he had stolen.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
10. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
答案： DACAD CACDA
在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词
1. The report also gave an example of Kunqu Opera, one of the oldest Chinese operas, 65 attracts over 100 million listeners born after 1990.
2. In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations__________ would bring about positive emotions.
3. Gone are the days __________ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.
4. The child ____________parents are dead is called Tom.
5. The reason ____________he tried to explain at the meeting was not sound.
6. Though it is reasonable for the boss to educate his staff，I don’t like the way ________he spoke to them.
7. He didn’t tell Lily the reason ____________he was so sad.
8. Our family visited the car factory ____________my father once worked thirsty years ago.
答案：1. which 2. which/that 3. when 4. whose 5. which/that
6. that 7.why 8. where
定语从句定义
修饰名词或者代词的句子
先行词：被修饰的名词或者代词
关系词：连接定语从句和主语之间的连接词
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which,as
关系副词有：when, where, why
注意：定语从句中的所有连接词在定语从句中既充当成分，也起一个连接的作用，但是翻译的时候无意义。
关系代词的详解
who, whom,that, 代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语或者表语。
注意：who在定语从句中作主语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
Do you know the guy who/that teaches Bob Spanish
which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语或者表语。
The package that/which he carries is my box.
There is a factory that/which I visited before.
Whose，所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，表示所属关系，whose+名词一起，在从句中可作主语、宾语或者表语。
The car whose windows was broken belongs to Mr. Black.
as, 引导的定语从句可置于句首 ,代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。另外as可引导非限制性从句，常带有\'正如\'
As is known to all, China will hold the 2022Winter Olympic Games.
注意点
1）用that而不用 which的情况
①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,,little,few,much something someone等。
All that I can do is to wait.
②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
The most beautiful image that I never forget is with my family.
③先行词有the only, the very, any,the same , the last等词修饰；
Miss Wei is the very teacher the I like most.
④先行词既有人又有物时。
He never forgets the village and villagers that he spent time with.
2）用whicht而不用 that的情况
①用于非限制性定语从句（非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开）
My lecture, which started last night, was very excellent.
②定语从句前有介词的时候
There is a villa in which I lived before.
③指代前面整个主句的意思
He didn’t pass the English exam, which made his mother annoyed.
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，关系代词可以省略。
This is the house (which/ that) we bought last month.
三、关系副词的详解
1. when 代替的先行词是时间，相当于\"介词+ which\"结构。
There was a time when （at which） we didn’t have a TV.
Where 代替的先行词是地点， 相当于\"介词+ which\"结构。
Chongqing is the place where（in which） I was born.
3.why 代替的先行词是原因（reason）， 相当于\"介词+ which\"结构。
This is the reason why （for which） he refused our invitation.
注意： 当先行词是way(方式)时，关系词用that/ in which/省略.
四、定语从句的解题方法
1. 勾画出先行词和定语从句
2. 判断定语从句中是否缺主语/宾语/表语，缺主语/宾语/表语，用关系代词，不缺主语/宾语/表语，选择关系副词
3. 根据先行词，选择合适的关系词。
五、例题
在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词
The city has historically developed on seven hills, some of ___________are 250 m (820.21ft) high.
答案： 填which，先行词为seven hills，定语从句缺宾语，介词后不能用that,所以填which.
One old idiom is luoyeguigen, ______means returning to one's homeland in old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their tree.
答案： 填which，先行词为luoyeguigen，定语从句缺主语，逗号后面后不能用that ,所以填which.
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
答案： 填which/that，先行词为soil-testing program，定语从句缺主语，,所以填which/ that.
4. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
答案： 填where，先行词为an area，表地点，定语从句缺地点状语，,所以填where.
练习
(一)单项选择
1. Last summer I went to Sun Yat-sen’s hometown and visited the house _______ he was born.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
2. It was in the small house ______was built with stones by his father _______he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. that; where C. which; which D. where; that
3. I have bought two ball ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
4. _____ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As B. It C. That D. Which
5. The engineer ________my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
6. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _________are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
7. I can never forget the day _______we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
8. The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ___ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.
A. them B. those C. which D. whose
9. At last the thief took out everything ________ he had stolen.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
10. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
答案： DACAD CACDA
在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词
1. The report also gave an example of Kunqu Opera, one of the oldest Chinese operas, 65 attracts over 100 million listeners born after 1990.
2. In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations__________ would bring about positive emotions.
3. Gone are the days __________ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.
4. The child ____________parents are dead is called Tom.
5. The reason ____________he tried to explain at the meeting was not sound.
6. Though it is reasonable for the boss to educate his staff，I don’t like the way ________he spoke to them.
7. He didn’t tell Lily the reason ____________he was so sad.
8. Our family visited the car factory ____________my father once worked thirsty years ago.
答案：1. which 2. which/that 3. when 4. whose 5. which/that
6. that 7.why 8. where