人教版（2019）必修第三册：Unit 4 Space exploration 单元练习（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修第三册：Unit 4 Space exploration 单元练习（含答案） |  | |
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Unit 4 Space exploration 单元练习
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe. If you're hoping for a holiday gift for your kids, you're in the right place.
Margaret and the Moon
Age range: 4—8
In Margaret and the Moon, Dean Robbins outlines the pioneering software engineer's life, from the backyard of her childhood home, where she put forward a million questions about the night sky, to the hallways of NASA, where she led a team from MIT to develop the onboard flight software that would land the first men on the moon.
I am Neil Armstrong
Age range: All ages
In I am Neil Armstrong, the bestselling(畅销的) author Brad Meltzer shows kids how Neil Armstrong made it all the way to the moon. Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He continued this spirit throughout his career(职业).
Look Inside Space
Age range: 3 and up
For parents of young kids, Usborne's prizewinning Look Inside Space is a must to share the history and technology of space exploration with starry-eyed kids. It explores the history of human space flight and the basics of stars and planets. It's enjoyable to all space fans, but is especially good for pre-school and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Goes to the Space Station
Age range: All ages
Jeffrey Bennett's tale about a dog called Max and his adventures to the International Space Station isn't only an accurate look at what life in space is like. The book was actually sent into space and joined the station's library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project. It enables readers to learn all sorts of fun facts about space.
1.What's the text mainly intended to introduce
A.How to find holiday gifts for your kids.
B.Some kids' space books for the holidays.
C.How to inspire kids' interest in the universe.
D.Some books about the theories of the universe.
2.Which book can inspire a sense of determination in readers
A.Max Goes to the Space Station.
B.Margaret and the Moon.
C.I am Neil Armstrong.
D.Look Inside Space.
3.In which aspect is Max Goes to the Space Station different from the other three books
A.It has experienced space travel.
B.It is suitable for kids of all ages.
C.It is a biography (传记)of an astronaut.
D.It has won a prize as a bestseller.
B
Edmond Halley was an English scientist. He studied the observations of comets(彗星)which other scientists had made. The orbit(轨道) of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形).
Then Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 or 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain though(然而) to make a prediction(预言) of what would happen in the future. He predicted that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honour.
4.Edmond Halley figured out the orbit of .
A.some different comets appearing several times
B.the same comet appearing at different times
C.three different comets appearing at the same time
D.several comets appearing at the same time
5.Halley made his discovery .
A.by doing experiments
B.by means of his own careful observation
C.by using the work of other scientists
D.by chance
6.When did Halley make a surprising, but correct prediction
A.In 1704. B.In 1705.
C.In 1706. D.In 1707.
7.This passage in general is about .
A.Halley and other scientists
B.the orbit of a comet
C.Newton and Halley
D.Halley and his discovery
C
Of all the planets, none has captured(引起) the world's imagination like Mars. Its reddish(微红的) colour and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos:A SpaceTime Odyssey, a television series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars. Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds. Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, an American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works. Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today, Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific studies. Space scientists have collected a wealth of(大量的) information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian's “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it. Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland,brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard about Mars and its geology(地质) from experts. They could see a test version of the Viking landers that reached Mars in July of 1976. They also saw meteorites(陨石) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet. Eight-year-old Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right. He said,“It's actually orange more than red and it's also kind of brown.” Emma was six. She learned about the volcanic(火山引起的) activity that has shaped the surface of Mars. She said,“The closest thing to Mars—the stuff—is from volcanoes mostly.”
“Mars Day” offered Allison and Alycia's children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
8.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Why Martians were considered threatening.
B.Why Mars has captured the world's imagination.
C.What people generally thought of Mars in the past.
D.How H. G.Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
9.It is implied in Paragraph 3 that .
A.today's space scientists still know nothing about Mars
B.today's space scientists are very interested in Mars
C.science fiction films are no longer set in Mars
D.space scientists haven't made any progress in knowing Mars
10.What would Sam probably agree
A.Mars is not really red.
B.No meteorites have come from Mars.
C.Mars cannot be described as a little brown.
D.The ancient description of the color of Mars is true.
11.What is the writer's attitude towards the idea that humans will set foot on Mars
A.He thinks it may happen this year.
B.He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C.He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.
D.He thinks it may happen in the following decades.
D
An experiment which saw salad seeds sent into space has given hope for the future of growing food on another planet, according to a recently-published study.
The findings have appeared after two kilograms of seeds spent six months on board the International Space Station(ISS) with the astronaut, Tim Peake, as part of his Principia mission.
There, the seeds could have absorbed up to 100 times more radiation(辐射)than on Earth while being influenced by the violent shaking from the stresses of space travel.
When the seeds returned to Earth in 2016,600,000 children from schools across Britain took part in an experiment, supported by the UK Space Agency, to plant them and monitor their growth, comparing it to that of seeds that had remained on Earth.
The results showed that, while the space seeds grew more slowly and were more sensitive to ageing, they were still able to survive.
Peake said, “When humans travel to Mars, they will need to find ways to feed themselves, and this research helps us understand some of the biology of seed storage and germination(发芽) which will be important for future space missions.”
The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS) tasked 8,600 schools and groups across Britain with taking part in the controlled study and recording their results as a scientist would.
It was part of a project called Rocket Science, led by the RHS Campaign for School Gardening, in partnership with the UK Space Agency.
RHS manager Alana Cama said, “The Rocket Science experiment opened a window into space biology and allowed young people to be at the forefront of creative research.”
“This research project did more than just inspire;it furthered our understanding of the challenges around growing plants in unusual environments and the possibility of growing food on long-term space missions in the future. Inspiring a new generation of botanists and biologists will remain our goal to enrich everyone's lives through plants.”
12.What do the findings of the experiment indicate
A.Salad seeds sent into space turned out to be a failure.
B.Astronauts successfully grew salad seeds on Mars.
C.The future of growing plants in space looks bright.
D.The radiation makes it impossible for plants to survive.
13.Which word can be filled in the blank to complete the research steps
carry the seeds
into space→bring them
back to Earth→ the
growing state→make
comparisons
A.Update. B.Observe.
C.Protect. D.Improve.
14.Unlike those on Earth, the seeds sent into space .
A.can grow 100 times larger in size
B.provide enough food for astronauts
C.stop growing when returning to Earth
D.are more likely to show signs of ageing
15.What can we learn from what Alana Cama said
A.Growing plants in unusual environments is no longer a challenging task.
B.A new generation of botanists and biologists takes the lead in the research.
C.The project inspires the interests of the young generation in creative fields.
D.The exploration of growing food in space is the central mission in the future.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the next 50 years, we are going to send more and better robots to Mars. 16 There is a limit to what robots can tell us, though, so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet.
Before people can visit Mars, we need to invent a spaceship that can take us there. 17 Depending on where Mars and Earth are in their orbits around the sun, it could take between six months and a year to get there.
The moon is much closer, and we were there many years ago. Over the next 10 years, we are going to work on building a new spacecraft. 18
Once we return to the moon, we are going to build a station so that people can live and work on the moon for months at a time. This is important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit Mars. 19
By the time you are old enough to be an astronaut, we will have people spending months on the moon. By the time you are old enough to be a commander of a space mission, we will be taking trips to Mars. By the time your kids are old enough to be astronauts, we may have people living on Mars. Wouldn't it be cool to get a postcard from someone who was building a house on Mars 20
A.Mars is very faraway.
B.People will go to live on Mars one day.
C.Wouldn't it be cooler if it was you who sent the postcard
D.Using this craft, we will practice the skills we need to go to Mars.
E.Those robots will send back better pictures, maps, and weather reports.
F.It would be possible for us to go to Mars in a spacecraft in the near future.
G.This is also important because it gives us practice with living away from Earth.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Snowy wanted to be a show jumping horse. Every day she would 21 her mum to allow her to jump. Finally, her mum decided she was 22 enough and they went into the jumping arena(竞技场).
Snowy was very excited, but when she saw how 23 the jumps were, she started shaking. “I can't jump that high. It's a good idea that we 24 ,” she said. Her mum said, “I wouldn't expect you to 25 that high. There's a log (原木) on the ground. Why not start jumping over that ” Snowy gathered(积聚) her 26 , walked to the log and then managed to jump over it.
“I did it!” she shouted happily. 27 , her mum said, “You can't just jump over logs if you want to be a show jumper. 28 the low jump over there.”
Again, Snowy was 29 but she tried it and found she could do it. As time went on, Snowy progressed to taller jumps, until finally she 30 the arena and looked at the tallest jumps.Over the past few weeks, something had 31 . These jumps seemed much less 32 to Snowy. She jumped over them easily. Her mum looked with 33 at her and said, “This is what happens when you start 34 and build your way up.”
So never be afraid of 35 in life, but start small and keep trying. Then you'll be able to do anything.
21.A.ask B.warn C.force D.advise
22.A.old B.fat C.clever D.careful
23.A.deep B.high C.long D.far
24.A.wait B.leave C.stay D.settle
25.A.see B.stop C.start D.arrive
26.A.speed B.power C.doubt D.courage
27.A.Suddenly B.Immediately
C.However D.Besides
28.A.Remember B.Try
C.Carry D.Study
29.A.nervous B.happy C.upset D.serious
30.A.missed B.liked C.entered D.needed
31.A.appeared B.changed
C.begun D.continued
32.A.dangerous B.important
C.familiar D.terrible
33.A.pride B.anger
C.patience D.kindness
34.A.early B.young
C.small D.smart
35.A failures B.worries
C.uncertainties D.difficulties
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
About fifty years ago, China successfully launched 36 (it) first satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1, and started a new chapter in space exploration. 37 (mark) its 50th anniversary, China National Space Administration announced the name of the country's first Mars exploration mission on April 24.
The mission, Tianwen, got its name from a famous poet, Qu Yuan, 38 wrote the long poem Tianwen. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions concerning the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts about traditional ideas and his pursuit of truths.
China 39 (make) remarkable progress in space exploration. As early as 1970, China launched its first satellite, becoming the fifth country in the world to launch man-made satellites 40 (independent). Over the past few years, China's missions, including the Shenzhou and Chang'e series 41 (design) to explore outer space, expanded mankind's understanding of Earth and the universe.
This time, 42 Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission in 2020.
Experts consider it the start of China's exploration of Mars, 43 (represent) a milestone for China's move toward deep space.
Indeed, 44 the name's deep roots in Chinese traditional culture, it has been widely accepted among the public. Tianwen demonstrates the 45 (determine) and perseverance (坚持不懈) of Chinese people to move further into deep space.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你班最近一次班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容,用英语给《21世纪学生报》的“Voice Your Opinion”栏目投一篇稿,介绍你们讨论的情况并发表你的观点。
一些同学赞同 一些同学反对 你的观点
1.获得新知识; 2.给人类带来更大的生存空间。 1.耗资巨大; 2.宇航员的安全问题。 ……
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The journey to the moon has been the first step toward future exploration in space. The distance between the moon and the earth is very short indeed when compared with the distances between the earth and the other planets. Mars, one of the nearest planets to the earth, is millions of miles away. Travelling to the planets will be man's next aim. Such travels will be more challenging than the trip to the moon and certainly more adventurous.
Recently, two American spaceships, Viking 1 and Viking 2, landed on Mars, trying to discover whether there is any life on the planet. So far the sign of life on Mars has neither been confirmed nor been ruled out(排除).
Russians have discovered that the surface of Venus(金星)is so hot that it is almost certain that there is no life there. Also the atmosphere of Venus is extremely dense and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that of the earth's atmosphere.
Scientists believe man may find planets which have the same conditions as those we have on the earth, but they also say man should realize the earth will be the only home for a long time and begin to love and care about it.
参考答案与解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书籍。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“A good book about space...a holiday gift for your kids, you're in the right place.”可知,本文介绍四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书籍,故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据I am Neil Armstrong部分中的“Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He continued this spirit throughout his career(职业).”可知,I am Neil Armstrong这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志,可以激发读者的决心,故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据Max Goes to the Space Station部分中的“The book was actually sent into space and joined the station's library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project.”可知,这本书的与众不同之处在于,它经历过太空飞行,故选A。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了哈雷以及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。
4.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.”及上文提到的看到彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年和1682年可知,B项正确。
5.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made.”以及第三段中的“He figured out the orbits...by scientists.”可知,哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观测结果时得出来的。故选C项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He predicted that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”可知,哈雷预测彗星会在1758年出现,而这需要过53年才能得到验证,即1758-53=1705,故选B项。
7.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了科学家哈雷及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。故选D项。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在“火星日”,人们可以对火星有更好的认识和了解。
8.C 主旨大意题。第二段介绍了Carl Sagan谈论的关于火星的一些传统的观点,这些观点中的一些来自Wells,其他来自Lowell,由此可知,这一段主要讲过去人们对火星的一些传统认识,故选C。本题要注意A项和D项的排除,第二段中只是陈述他们各自对火星的观点是什么,但是并未说明为什么持各自的观点以及如何得出各自的观点,且也不是第二段的主旨。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Today,Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific studies. Space scientists have collected a wealth of(大量的) information...”可推断现在的航空科学家们对火星很感兴趣。故选B。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He said,‘It's actually orange more than red and it's also kind of brown.'”可知,Sam认为火星并不是红色的,而是橘红色甚至带点褐色,故选A。
11.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.”可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内有可能登上火星。故选D。
D
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。根据最近发表的一项研究,一项将沙拉种子送入太空的实验给在另一个星球种植食物的未来带来了希望。作者介绍了对种子的研究步骤和这些太空种子的一些特点以及人们对这个项目的一些看法。
12.C 推理判断题。第一段提到,根据最近发表的一项研究,一项将沙拉种子送入太空的实验给在另一个星球种植食物的未来带来了希望。由此可推知,实验结果表明,在太空种植植物的前景是光明的。故选C。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,首先这些种子要被带入太空,根据第四段可知,当这些种子在2016年返回地球时,来自英国各地学校的60万名儿童参加了一项由英国航天局资助的实验,种植它们并监测它们的生长,将其与留在地球上的种子的生长进行比较。由此可推知,研究步骤为:将种子送入太空、将它们带回地球、观察它们的生长状态、然后进行比较。故选B。
14.D 细节理解题。第五段提到,结果表明,尽管太空种子生长速度较慢,对老化更敏感,但它们仍然能够存活。由此可知,与地球上的种子不同,送入太空的种子更有可能出现衰老的迹象。故选D。
15.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知Alana Cama说:“火箭科学实验打开了一扇通向太空生物学的窗口,让年轻人走在创造性研究的前沿。”以及最后一段中的This research project did more than just inspire...space missions in the future.可知这个研究项目不仅仅给了我们灵感;它加深了我们对在不寻常环境中种植植物所面临的挑战以及未来长期太空任务中种植粮食的可能性的理解。由此可推知,从Alana Cama的话中,我们能了解到这个项目会激发年轻一代在具有创造性的领域的兴趣。故选C。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,在探索火星的过程中, 由于机器人本身所限, 它们无法告知人们想知道的一切, 因此最终将会有人类登上火星并对它进行研究。
16.E 根据空前“Over the next 50 years, we are going to send more and better robots to Mars.”在接下来的50年,我们要把更多更好的机器人送上火星,可知, E项“那些机器人会发回更好的图片、地图和天气报告。”承接上文,符合语境,故选E。
17.A 根据空后“it could take between six months and a year to get there.”可能需要六个月到一年的时间才能到达那里,可知, 这里谈的是地球到火星的距离, A项“火星非常遥远。”符合语境,故选A。
18.D 根据空前“Over the next 10 years, we are going to work on building a new spacecraft.”在接下来的10年,我们要建造一艘新的宇宙飞船,可知, D项“用这艘飞船,我们将练习我们去火星所需的技能。”承接上文,符合语境,故选D。
19.G 根据空前“This is important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit Mars.”这很重要,这样当我们想要访问火星时,我们有一个地方开始,可知, G项“这也很重要,因为它给了我们远离地球生活的练习。”与上文句式相同,符合语境,故选G。
20.C 根据空前“Wouldn't it be cool to get a postcard from someone who was building a house on Mars ”收到一个在火星上建房子的人的明信片,不会很酷吗 可知,C项“如果是你发明信片,不会更酷吗 ”与上文句式相同,符合语境,故选C。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。Snowy从小梦想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马,但是当她发现障碍物很高的时候,她想要放弃。在妈妈的教导下,她从最基础的练习开始,最终实现了自己的梦想。
21.A 根据文章第一句可知Snowy想成为一匹赛马,所以Snowy每天请求妈妈允许自己跳。
22.A 由语境可知当Snowy长到足够大的时候,妈妈才让她进入竞技场。
23.B 根据下文she started shaking以及I can't jump that high可知,当Snowy看到障碍物很高的时候,她开始颤抖。
24.B 因为不能跳那么高,所以Snowy想离开竞技场。
25.C 根据下文Why not start jumping over that 可知,Snowy的妈妈并不期望Snowy从很高的障碍物开始起跳。
26.D 根据上文Snowy害怕高的障碍物以及下文walked to the log and then managed to jump over it可知,Snowy鼓起勇气去尝试跃过原木。
27.C 根据空后You can't just jump over logs可知,Snowy虽然成功了,但是她的妈妈却觉得如果她想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马的话,她不能只是跃过原木,前后构成了转折关系。
28.B 根据下文but she tried it and found she could do it可知,Snowy的妈妈鼓励她尝试跃过低一点的障碍物。
29.A 根据空前的Again可知,Snowy在尝试跃过低障碍物时仍然感到紧张。
30.C Snowy想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马,所以妈妈让她进行刻苦练习,再根据空前的until finally可知,Snowy最终进入了竞技场。
31.B 根据She jumped over them easily.可知,经过几周的练习,事情发生了变化。
32.D 根据She jumped over them easily.可知,这些障碍物对Snowy来说不那么可怕了。
33.A 根据Snowy发生的变化以及下文妈妈所说的话可知,妈妈为Snowy感到骄傲。
34.C 根据最后一段中的but start small and keep trying可知,只要我们从小事开始做起,并不断尝试,最后就会发生让我们意想不到的事情。
35.D 文中的Snowy曾被困难吓到,认为自己不可能跃过高的障碍物,所以我们不要被困难吓到。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。中国首次火星探测任务被命名为“天问系列”。文章简要介绍了中国航天事业的发展以及为什么取名“天问”。
36.its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:大约50年前,中国成功地发射了它的第一颗人造地球卫星——东方红一号,开启了太空探索的新篇章。此处作定语,应使用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
37.To mark 考查动词不定式。句意:为了纪念它的50周年,中国国家航天局于4月24日宣布了中国首次火星探测任务的名字。根据句意可知,此处表示目的,应使用不定式作状语。故填To mark。
38.who 考查定语从句。句意:任务名为“天问”源于一位著名诗人屈原,他写了长诗《天问》。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Qu Yuan,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词who。
39.has been making 考查时态及主谓一致。句意:中国在太空探索方面已经取得了显著进展。根据下文介绍及常识可知,此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者可能仍然要继续下去,应使用现在完成进行时,主语是China,助动词使用has。故填has been making。
40.independently 考查副词。句意:早在1970年,中国就发射了它的第一颗人造地球卫星,成为世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。此处修饰动词launch,应使用副词。故填independently。
41.designed 考查过去分词。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的任务,包括神舟和嫦娥等探索外太空系列工程,扩大了人类对地球和宇宙的了解。该句中已有谓语动词,所以此处应用非谓语动词,the Shenzhou and Chang'e series与design之间为被动关系,故填过去分词designed。
42.the 考查冠词。句意:这一次,天问系列将在2020年执行首次火星探测任务。此处特指“天问系列”,应使用定冠词the。
43.representing 考查现在分词。句意:专家认为这是中国探索火星的开始,代表着中国走向深空的一个里程碑。represent与it是主动关系,应使用现在分词,故填representing。
44.with 考查介词。句意:事实上,由于这个名字深深植根于中国传统文化,它已经被公众广泛接受。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+介词短语”,在句中作状语。故填with。
45.determination 考查名词。句意:天问展现了中国人民迈向更远深空的决心和毅力。此处与and后的perseverance是并列成分,应使用名词。故填determination。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Outer space explorations, yes or no
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day.
Some of us feel it important to research outer space. Firstly, people can get a better understanding of outer space through space explorations. Secondly, these explorations can possibly bring new living space for humans.
However, others think very differently. They think this kind of exploration is much too costly. Besides, it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
In my opinion, people should be pioneering and therefore such explorations of outer space are worth trying out.
第二节
One possible version:
The visit to the moon is the first step toward future exploration in space. Man will travel farther distances to explore other planets.(要点1)Mars has already been explored, but it is not certain whether there is life on the planet.(要点2) Venus is so hot with an extremely dense atmosphere and great pressure that it is almost certain that there is no life there.(要点3) Scientists believe man may find the same planets as the earth and that man should love the earth.(要点4)
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe. If you're hoping for a holiday gift for your kids, you're in the right place.
Margaret and the Moon
Age range: 4—8
In Margaret and the Moon, Dean Robbins outlines the pioneering software engineer's life, from the backyard of her childhood home, where she put forward a million questions about the night sky, to the hallways of NASA, where she led a team from MIT to develop the onboard flight software that would land the first men on the moon.
I am Neil Armstrong
Age range: All ages
In I am Neil Armstrong, the bestselling(畅销的) author Brad Meltzer shows kids how Neil Armstrong made it all the way to the moon. Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He continued this spirit throughout his career(职业).
Look Inside Space
Age range: 3 and up
For parents of young kids, Usborne's prizewinning Look Inside Space is a must to share the history and technology of space exploration with starry-eyed kids. It explores the history of human space flight and the basics of stars and planets. It's enjoyable to all space fans, but is especially good for pre-school and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Goes to the Space Station
Age range: All ages
Jeffrey Bennett's tale about a dog called Max and his adventures to the International Space Station isn't only an accurate look at what life in space is like. The book was actually sent into space and joined the station's library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project. It enables readers to learn all sorts of fun facts about space.
1.What's the text mainly intended to introduce
A.How to find holiday gifts for your kids.
B.Some kids' space books for the holidays.
C.How to inspire kids' interest in the universe.
D.Some books about the theories of the universe.
2.Which book can inspire a sense of determination in readers
A.Max Goes to the Space Station.
B.Margaret and the Moon.
C.I am Neil Armstrong.
D.Look Inside Space.
3.In which aspect is Max Goes to the Space Station different from the other three books
A.It has experienced space travel.
B.It is suitable for kids of all ages.
C.It is a biography (传记)of an astronaut.
D.It has won a prize as a bestseller.
B
Edmond Halley was an English scientist. He studied the observations of comets(彗星)which other scientists had made. The orbit(轨道) of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形).
Then Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 or 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain though(然而) to make a prediction(预言) of what would happen in the future. He predicted that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honour.
4.Edmond Halley figured out the orbit of .
A.some different comets appearing several times
B.the same comet appearing at different times
C.three different comets appearing at the same time
D.several comets appearing at the same time
5.Halley made his discovery .
A.by doing experiments
B.by means of his own careful observation
C.by using the work of other scientists
D.by chance
6.When did Halley make a surprising, but correct prediction
A.In 1704. B.In 1705.
C.In 1706. D.In 1707.
7.This passage in general is about .
A.Halley and other scientists
B.the orbit of a comet
C.Newton and Halley
D.Halley and his discovery
C
Of all the planets, none has captured(引起) the world's imagination like Mars. Its reddish(微红的) colour and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos:A SpaceTime Odyssey, a television series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars. Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds. Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, an American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works. Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today, Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific studies. Space scientists have collected a wealth of(大量的) information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian's “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it. Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland,brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard about Mars and its geology(地质) from experts. They could see a test version of the Viking landers that reached Mars in July of 1976. They also saw meteorites(陨石) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet. Eight-year-old Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right. He said,“It's actually orange more than red and it's also kind of brown.” Emma was six. She learned about the volcanic(火山引起的) activity that has shaped the surface of Mars. She said,“The closest thing to Mars—the stuff—is from volcanoes mostly.”
“Mars Day” offered Allison and Alycia's children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
8.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Why Martians were considered threatening.
B.Why Mars has captured the world's imagination.
C.What people generally thought of Mars in the past.
D.How H. G.Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
9.It is implied in Paragraph 3 that .
A.today's space scientists still know nothing about Mars
B.today's space scientists are very interested in Mars
C.science fiction films are no longer set in Mars
D.space scientists haven't made any progress in knowing Mars
10.What would Sam probably agree
A.Mars is not really red.
B.No meteorites have come from Mars.
C.Mars cannot be described as a little brown.
D.The ancient description of the color of Mars is true.
11.What is the writer's attitude towards the idea that humans will set foot on Mars
A.He thinks it may happen this year.
B.He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C.He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.
D.He thinks it may happen in the following decades.
D
An experiment which saw salad seeds sent into space has given hope for the future of growing food on another planet, according to a recently-published study.
The findings have appeared after two kilograms of seeds spent six months on board the International Space Station(ISS) with the astronaut, Tim Peake, as part of his Principia mission.
There, the seeds could have absorbed up to 100 times more radiation(辐射)than on Earth while being influenced by the violent shaking from the stresses of space travel.
When the seeds returned to Earth in 2016,600,000 children from schools across Britain took part in an experiment, supported by the UK Space Agency, to plant them and monitor their growth, comparing it to that of seeds that had remained on Earth.
The results showed that, while the space seeds grew more slowly and were more sensitive to ageing, they were still able to survive.
Peake said, “When humans travel to Mars, they will need to find ways to feed themselves, and this research helps us understand some of the biology of seed storage and germination(发芽) which will be important for future space missions.”
The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS) tasked 8,600 schools and groups across Britain with taking part in the controlled study and recording their results as a scientist would.
It was part of a project called Rocket Science, led by the RHS Campaign for School Gardening, in partnership with the UK Space Agency.
RHS manager Alana Cama said, “The Rocket Science experiment opened a window into space biology and allowed young people to be at the forefront of creative research.”
“This research project did more than just inspire;it furthered our understanding of the challenges around growing plants in unusual environments and the possibility of growing food on long-term space missions in the future. Inspiring a new generation of botanists and biologists will remain our goal to enrich everyone's lives through plants.”
12.What do the findings of the experiment indicate
A.Salad seeds sent into space turned out to be a failure.
B.Astronauts successfully grew salad seeds on Mars.
C.The future of growing plants in space looks bright.
D.The radiation makes it impossible for plants to survive.
13.Which word can be filled in the blank to complete the research steps
carry the seeds
into space→bring them
back to Earth→ the
growing state→make
comparisons
A.Update. B.Observe.
C.Protect. D.Improve.
14.Unlike those on Earth, the seeds sent into space .
A.can grow 100 times larger in size
B.provide enough food for astronauts
C.stop growing when returning to Earth
D.are more likely to show signs of ageing
15.What can we learn from what Alana Cama said
A.Growing plants in unusual environments is no longer a challenging task.
B.A new generation of botanists and biologists takes the lead in the research.
C.The project inspires the interests of the young generation in creative fields.
D.The exploration of growing food in space is the central mission in the future.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the next 50 years, we are going to send more and better robots to Mars. 16 There is a limit to what robots can tell us, though, so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet.
Before people can visit Mars, we need to invent a spaceship that can take us there. 17 Depending on where Mars and Earth are in their orbits around the sun, it could take between six months and a year to get there.
The moon is much closer, and we were there many years ago. Over the next 10 years, we are going to work on building a new spacecraft. 18
Once we return to the moon, we are going to build a station so that people can live and work on the moon for months at a time. This is important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit Mars. 19
By the time you are old enough to be an astronaut, we will have people spending months on the moon. By the time you are old enough to be a commander of a space mission, we will be taking trips to Mars. By the time your kids are old enough to be astronauts, we may have people living on Mars. Wouldn't it be cool to get a postcard from someone who was building a house on Mars 20
A.Mars is very faraway.
B.People will go to live on Mars one day.
C.Wouldn't it be cooler if it was you who sent the postcard
D.Using this craft, we will practice the skills we need to go to Mars.
E.Those robots will send back better pictures, maps, and weather reports.
F.It would be possible for us to go to Mars in a spacecraft in the near future.
G.This is also important because it gives us practice with living away from Earth.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Snowy wanted to be a show jumping horse. Every day she would 21 her mum to allow her to jump. Finally, her mum decided she was 22 enough and they went into the jumping arena(竞技场).
Snowy was very excited, but when she saw how 23 the jumps were, she started shaking. “I can't jump that high. It's a good idea that we 24 ,” she said. Her mum said, “I wouldn't expect you to 25 that high. There's a log (原木) on the ground. Why not start jumping over that ” Snowy gathered(积聚) her 26 , walked to the log and then managed to jump over it.
“I did it!” she shouted happily. 27 , her mum said, “You can't just jump over logs if you want to be a show jumper. 28 the low jump over there.”
Again, Snowy was 29 but she tried it and found she could do it. As time went on, Snowy progressed to taller jumps, until finally she 30 the arena and looked at the tallest jumps.Over the past few weeks, something had 31 . These jumps seemed much less 32 to Snowy. She jumped over them easily. Her mum looked with 33 at her and said, “This is what happens when you start 34 and build your way up.”
So never be afraid of 35 in life, but start small and keep trying. Then you'll be able to do anything.
21.A.ask B.warn C.force D.advise
22.A.old B.fat C.clever D.careful
23.A.deep B.high C.long D.far
24.A.wait B.leave C.stay D.settle
25.A.see B.stop C.start D.arrive
26.A.speed B.power C.doubt D.courage
27.A.Suddenly B.Immediately
C.However D.Besides
28.A.Remember B.Try
C.Carry D.Study
29.A.nervous B.happy C.upset D.serious
30.A.missed B.liked C.entered D.needed
31.A.appeared B.changed
C.begun D.continued
32.A.dangerous B.important
C.familiar D.terrible
33.A.pride B.anger
C.patience D.kindness
34.A.early B.young
C.small D.smart
35.A failures B.worries
C.uncertainties D.difficulties
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
About fifty years ago, China successfully launched 36 (it) first satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1, and started a new chapter in space exploration. 37 (mark) its 50th anniversary, China National Space Administration announced the name of the country's first Mars exploration mission on April 24.
The mission, Tianwen, got its name from a famous poet, Qu Yuan, 38 wrote the long poem Tianwen. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions concerning the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts about traditional ideas and his pursuit of truths.
China 39 (make) remarkable progress in space exploration. As early as 1970, China launched its first satellite, becoming the fifth country in the world to launch man-made satellites 40 (independent). Over the past few years, China's missions, including the Shenzhou and Chang'e series 41 (design) to explore outer space, expanded mankind's understanding of Earth and the universe.
This time, 42 Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission in 2020.
Experts consider it the start of China's exploration of Mars, 43 (represent) a milestone for China's move toward deep space.
Indeed, 44 the name's deep roots in Chinese traditional culture, it has been widely accepted among the public. Tianwen demonstrates the 45 (determine) and perseverance (坚持不懈) of Chinese people to move further into deep space.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你班最近一次班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容,用英语给《21世纪学生报》的“Voice Your Opinion”栏目投一篇稿,介绍你们讨论的情况并发表你的观点。
一些同学赞同 一些同学反对 你的观点
1.获得新知识; 2.给人类带来更大的生存空间。 1.耗资巨大; 2.宇航员的安全问题。 ……
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The journey to the moon has been the first step toward future exploration in space. The distance between the moon and the earth is very short indeed when compared with the distances between the earth and the other planets. Mars, one of the nearest planets to the earth, is millions of miles away. Travelling to the planets will be man's next aim. Such travels will be more challenging than the trip to the moon and certainly more adventurous.
Recently, two American spaceships, Viking 1 and Viking 2, landed on Mars, trying to discover whether there is any life on the planet. So far the sign of life on Mars has neither been confirmed nor been ruled out(排除).
Russians have discovered that the surface of Venus(金星)is so hot that it is almost certain that there is no life there. Also the atmosphere of Venus is extremely dense and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that of the earth's atmosphere.
Scientists believe man may find planets which have the same conditions as those we have on the earth, but they also say man should realize the earth will be the only home for a long time and begin to love and care about it.
参考答案与解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书籍。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“A good book about space...a holiday gift for your kids, you're in the right place.”可知,本文介绍四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书籍,故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据I am Neil Armstrong部分中的“Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He continued this spirit throughout his career(职业).”可知,I am Neil Armstrong这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志,可以激发读者的决心,故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据Max Goes to the Space Station部分中的“The book was actually sent into space and joined the station's library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project.”可知,这本书的与众不同之处在于,它经历过太空飞行,故选A。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了哈雷以及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。
4.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.”及上文提到的看到彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年和1682年可知,B项正确。
5.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made.”以及第三段中的“He figured out the orbits...by scientists.”可知,哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观测结果时得出来的。故选C项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He predicted that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”可知,哈雷预测彗星会在1758年出现,而这需要过53年才能得到验证,即1758-53=1705,故选B项。
7.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了科学家哈雷及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。故选D项。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在“火星日”,人们可以对火星有更好的认识和了解。
8.C 主旨大意题。第二段介绍了Carl Sagan谈论的关于火星的一些传统的观点,这些观点中的一些来自Wells,其他来自Lowell,由此可知,这一段主要讲过去人们对火星的一些传统认识,故选C。本题要注意A项和D项的排除,第二段中只是陈述他们各自对火星的观点是什么,但是并未说明为什么持各自的观点以及如何得出各自的观点,且也不是第二段的主旨。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Today,Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific studies. Space scientists have collected a wealth of(大量的) information...”可推断现在的航空科学家们对火星很感兴趣。故选B。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He said,‘It's actually orange more than red and it's also kind of brown.'”可知,Sam认为火星并不是红色的,而是橘红色甚至带点褐色,故选A。
11.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.”可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内有可能登上火星。故选D。
D
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。根据最近发表的一项研究,一项将沙拉种子送入太空的实验给在另一个星球种植食物的未来带来了希望。作者介绍了对种子的研究步骤和这些太空种子的一些特点以及人们对这个项目的一些看法。
12.C 推理判断题。第一段提到,根据最近发表的一项研究,一项将沙拉种子送入太空的实验给在另一个星球种植食物的未来带来了希望。由此可推知,实验结果表明,在太空种植植物的前景是光明的。故选C。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,首先这些种子要被带入太空,根据第四段可知,当这些种子在2016年返回地球时,来自英国各地学校的60万名儿童参加了一项由英国航天局资助的实验,种植它们并监测它们的生长,将其与留在地球上的种子的生长进行比较。由此可推知,研究步骤为:将种子送入太空、将它们带回地球、观察它们的生长状态、然后进行比较。故选B。
14.D 细节理解题。第五段提到,结果表明,尽管太空种子生长速度较慢,对老化更敏感,但它们仍然能够存活。由此可知,与地球上的种子不同,送入太空的种子更有可能出现衰老的迹象。故选D。
15.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知Alana Cama说:“火箭科学实验打开了一扇通向太空生物学的窗口,让年轻人走在创造性研究的前沿。”以及最后一段中的This research project did more than just inspire...space missions in the future.可知这个研究项目不仅仅给了我们灵感;它加深了我们对在不寻常环境中种植植物所面临的挑战以及未来长期太空任务中种植粮食的可能性的理解。由此可推知,从Alana Cama的话中,我们能了解到这个项目会激发年轻一代在具有创造性的领域的兴趣。故选C。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,在探索火星的过程中, 由于机器人本身所限, 它们无法告知人们想知道的一切, 因此最终将会有人类登上火星并对它进行研究。
16.E 根据空前“Over the next 50 years, we are going to send more and better robots to Mars.”在接下来的50年,我们要把更多更好的机器人送上火星,可知, E项“那些机器人会发回更好的图片、地图和天气报告。”承接上文,符合语境,故选E。
17.A 根据空后“it could take between six months and a year to get there.”可能需要六个月到一年的时间才能到达那里,可知, 这里谈的是地球到火星的距离, A项“火星非常遥远。”符合语境,故选A。
18.D 根据空前“Over the next 10 years, we are going to work on building a new spacecraft.”在接下来的10年,我们要建造一艘新的宇宙飞船,可知, D项“用这艘飞船,我们将练习我们去火星所需的技能。”承接上文,符合语境,故选D。
19.G 根据空前“This is important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit Mars.”这很重要,这样当我们想要访问火星时,我们有一个地方开始,可知, G项“这也很重要,因为它给了我们远离地球生活的练习。”与上文句式相同,符合语境,故选G。
20.C 根据空前“Wouldn't it be cool to get a postcard from someone who was building a house on Mars ”收到一个在火星上建房子的人的明信片,不会很酷吗 可知,C项“如果是你发明信片,不会更酷吗 ”与上文句式相同,符合语境,故选C。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。Snowy从小梦想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马,但是当她发现障碍物很高的时候,她想要放弃。在妈妈的教导下,她从最基础的练习开始,最终实现了自己的梦想。
21.A 根据文章第一句可知Snowy想成为一匹赛马,所以Snowy每天请求妈妈允许自己跳。
22.A 由语境可知当Snowy长到足够大的时候,妈妈才让她进入竞技场。
23.B 根据下文she started shaking以及I can't jump that high可知,当Snowy看到障碍物很高的时候,她开始颤抖。
24.B 因为不能跳那么高,所以Snowy想离开竞技场。
25.C 根据下文Why not start jumping over that 可知,Snowy的妈妈并不期望Snowy从很高的障碍物开始起跳。
26.D 根据上文Snowy害怕高的障碍物以及下文walked to the log and then managed to jump over it可知,Snowy鼓起勇气去尝试跃过原木。
27.C 根据空后You can't just jump over logs可知,Snowy虽然成功了,但是她的妈妈却觉得如果她想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马的话,她不能只是跃过原木,前后构成了转折关系。
28.B 根据下文but she tried it and found she could do it可知,Snowy的妈妈鼓励她尝试跃过低一点的障碍物。
29.A 根据空前的Again可知,Snowy在尝试跃过低障碍物时仍然感到紧张。
30.C Snowy想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马,所以妈妈让她进行刻苦练习,再根据空前的until finally可知,Snowy最终进入了竞技场。
31.B 根据She jumped over them easily.可知,经过几周的练习,事情发生了变化。
32.D 根据She jumped over them easily.可知,这些障碍物对Snowy来说不那么可怕了。
33.A 根据Snowy发生的变化以及下文妈妈所说的话可知,妈妈为Snowy感到骄傲。
34.C 根据最后一段中的but start small and keep trying可知,只要我们从小事开始做起,并不断尝试,最后就会发生让我们意想不到的事情。
35.D 文中的Snowy曾被困难吓到,认为自己不可能跃过高的障碍物,所以我们不要被困难吓到。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。中国首次火星探测任务被命名为“天问系列”。文章简要介绍了中国航天事业的发展以及为什么取名“天问”。
36.its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:大约50年前,中国成功地发射了它的第一颗人造地球卫星——东方红一号,开启了太空探索的新篇章。此处作定语,应使用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
37.To mark 考查动词不定式。句意:为了纪念它的50周年,中国国家航天局于4月24日宣布了中国首次火星探测任务的名字。根据句意可知,此处表示目的,应使用不定式作状语。故填To mark。
38.who 考查定语从句。句意:任务名为“天问”源于一位著名诗人屈原,他写了长诗《天问》。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Qu Yuan,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词who。
39.has been making 考查时态及主谓一致。句意:中国在太空探索方面已经取得了显著进展。根据下文介绍及常识可知,此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者可能仍然要继续下去,应使用现在完成进行时,主语是China,助动词使用has。故填has been making。
40.independently 考查副词。句意:早在1970年,中国就发射了它的第一颗人造地球卫星,成为世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。此处修饰动词launch,应使用副词。故填independently。
41.designed 考查过去分词。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的任务,包括神舟和嫦娥等探索外太空系列工程,扩大了人类对地球和宇宙的了解。该句中已有谓语动词,所以此处应用非谓语动词,the Shenzhou and Chang'e series与design之间为被动关系,故填过去分词designed。
42.the 考查冠词。句意:这一次,天问系列将在2020年执行首次火星探测任务。此处特指“天问系列”,应使用定冠词the。
43.representing 考查现在分词。句意:专家认为这是中国探索火星的开始,代表着中国走向深空的一个里程碑。represent与it是主动关系,应使用现在分词,故填representing。
44.with 考查介词。句意:事实上,由于这个名字深深植根于中国传统文化,它已经被公众广泛接受。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+介词短语”,在句中作状语。故填with。
45.determination 考查名词。句意:天问展现了中国人民迈向更远深空的决心和毅力。此处与and后的perseverance是并列成分,应使用名词。故填determination。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Outer space explorations, yes or no
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day.
Some of us feel it important to research outer space. Firstly, people can get a better understanding of outer space through space explorations. Secondly, these explorations can possibly bring new living space for humans.
However, others think very differently. They think this kind of exploration is much too costly. Besides, it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
In my opinion, people should be pioneering and therefore such explorations of outer space are worth trying out.
第二节
One possible version:
The visit to the moon is the first step toward future exploration in space. Man will travel farther distances to explore other planets.(要点1)Mars has already been explored, but it is not certain whether there is life on the planet.(要点2) Venus is so hot with an extremely dense atmosphere and great pressure that it is almost certain that there is no life there.(要点3) Scientists believe man may find the same planets as the earth and that man should love the earth.(要点4)