人教版（2019）必修第三册：Unit 3 Diverse cultures 单元练习（含答案）
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Unit 3 Diverse cultures 单元练习
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
It's always adventurous and romantic to visit an island country. Take a look at some breathtakingly beautiful island countries in the world, which everyone should visit at least once in his lifetime.
Maldives
It's believed that Maldives is one of the most popular honeymoon places as well as one of the most beautiful island countries. Situated in the Indian Ocean, Maldives is made up of a series of ancient coral reefs that grow up along the sides of ancient volcanoes, with fascinating beaches.
Fiji
Fiji has plenty of surprises for any adventurous travelers. It is famous for the world's best surfing scenes, attracting many surfing lovers to ride the great waves. Well, if surfing is not for you and you love sitting on the beach and relaxing, hiking or seeing breathtaking waterfalls, Fiji is also a suitable island country to visit.
Malta
Malta, a beautiful southern European country in the Mediterranean Sea, has a rich history and culture. There are amazing sky-high cliffs to climb and wonderful temples to visit. And there are lots of amazing places where you can go diving. There are plenty of interesting things to explore here and everyone can find something to enjoy. The historic part of Malta is shown in its architecture, great walled cities, and many underground tunnels.
1.Which place will be most likely to be chosen by a newly-married couple according to the text
A.The Mediterranean Sea.
B.Maldives.
C.Malta.
D.Fiji.
2.What is the special part about Fiji
A.You can see the world's most breathtaking waterfalls.
B.It is surfing lovers' favourite island country.
C.There are sky-high cliffs to explore.
D.You can try the world's longest tunnels.
3.What can tourists do in Malta
A.Hike on green plains.
B.Ride the greatest waves.
C.See breathtaking waterfalls.
D.Explore underground tunnels.
B
Last fall,my dad and I visited the Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary,which is located in the mountains of northern Thailand. Although our stay was short, it turned out to be the most memorable part of our holiday.
Upon arrival,we headed to the base to learn about the elephants that were in the care of local people. The eldest,Too Meh, had spent much of her life giving tourists rides with a heavy iron seat tied to her back.Her daughter,Mae Doom,and grandsons,Dodo and Gen Thong,had also spent years in chains doing hard work to entertain tourists. It broke our hearts to hear their sad stories.
Early the next morning, we saw Too Meh and Mae Doom exploring the forest and Dodo playing by the river. Seeing them free was a heartwarming experience. The Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary was founded with the goal of protecting the welfare of elephants, and that is why this place does not offer elephant rides or elephant performances of any kind. Instead, it tries to educate visitors on these amazing animals.
But we did more than just get to know the elephants. We also cooked and ate together with our host family, learned about the language of the local people, and helped teach English to the children in the village. In doing these activities, we were able to experience the local customs and culture firsthand.By providing such opportunities for visitors, the place gives back to the village by helping the villagers make more money and learn English. It's a win-win situation.
If you want to see elephants in their natural environment, the Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary is a nice place to go. It's an experience you won't forget.
4.What can we learn about Too Meh
A.She lived through hard times.
B.She gave birth to three babies.
C.She is used to wearing chains.
D.There was no iron seat on her back.
5.What does the Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary aim to do
A.To entertain tourists.
B.To teach languages.
C.To protect elephants.
D.To maintain customs.
6.What benefit do villagers get from the sanctuary
A.Higher income.
B.Cheaper travel.
C.Free elephant rides.
D.Live entertainment.
7.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.My Best Holiday
B.Stopping Hurting Elephants
C.One Performance You Can't Miss
D.A Visit to the Elephant Sanctuary
C
Singapore's tradition of eating out in places called hawker centers is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.
A hawker is a person who sells food or goods and advertises by shouting at people walking by on the street. Hawkers are an important part of Singaporean culture. Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods are very popular. Famous chefs, such as Anthony Bourdain and Gordon Ramsay, have praised them.
On Wednesday, the United Nations' cultural agency, UNESCO, added the city's “hawker culture” to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Singapore sought to have hawker culture added to the list about two years ago. Now that it has been recognized, Singapore must provide a report every six years to UNESCO. The report must show the efforts it has made to save and support its hawker culture.
“These centers serve as ‘community dining rooms', where people from diverse backgrounds gather and share the experience of dining over breakfast, lunch and dinner,” UNESCO said.
In the 1970s, Singapore cleaned up its streets so the street hawkers moved to new eating centers. These areas were part of an effort to improve the island. Now, the centers offer many different low-cost meals to local people and provide a pleasing social setting. The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market. Some sellers even received Michelin stars from a famous restaurant rating system for their meals costing only a few dollars.
But, now the average age of hawkers in Singapore is 60 years old. Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices. They are less interested in working in small restaurants. The COVID-19 health crisis also hurt sales, preventing foreign visitors and locals from eating out.
8.Why is hawker culture added to UNESCO's list
A.For the efforts Singapore has made.
B.For its importance in showing Singapore's culture.
C.For the report Singapore provided.
D.For the recommendation by UNESCO.
9.What do we know about hawkers from Paragraph 2
A.They sell goods in the open-air area.
B.They are famous chefs.
C.They are Singapore natives.
D.They are popular all over the world.
10.Why is the film Crazy Rich Asians mentioned
A.To advertise the film.
B.To introduce the stars.
C.To show the popularity of hawker centers.
D.To help the sellers receive Michelin stars.
11.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The difficulties hawker culture is facing.
B.The average age of hawkers.
C.The effect caused by COVID-19.
D.The future of hawker culture.
D
What's your opinion on spicy food Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili peppers in their dinner while others can't get enough of them.
Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences, and that cultural influences affect our taste too. But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.
“We have always assumed that the liking drives intake—we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect personality with intake of chili peppers,” said Professor John E. Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study.
But before you look at the study, you should first know that “spicy” is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty taste. It is, in fact, a burning feeling that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.
In the study, 97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about their personality, for example, whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin(辣椒素), the plant chemical that makes a chili burn, mixed into it.
By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and how participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.
Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand(承受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found more otherwise. “It's not that it doesn't burn as badly, but that you actually learn to like the burning feeling,” Hayes explained.
12.What's the meaning of the underlined word “loathe” in the second paragraph
A.Dislike. B.Fear.
C.Put up with. D.Adapt to.
13.What did Professor John E. Hayes and his team discover from their study
A.What we eat actually helps to develop our personality.
B.Males are more likely to enjoy spicy food than females.
C.Those trying to avoid risks tend to be less interested in spicy food.
D.People are wrong to treat “spicy” as a kind of taste rather than a feeling.
14.Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study
A.Because their taste has become less sensitive.
B.Because they love the burning feeling.
C.Because they want to challenge themselves.
D.Because the more they try spicy food, the less it burns.
15.What's the main idea of the passage
A.What one likes to eat mainly depends on one's personality.
B.Whether one enjoys spicy food depends largely on one's personality.
C.One's personal experiences have nothing to do with their taste.
D.Different people have different taste.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In moving to another country it is not uncommon to experience culture shock. As a Chinese person in Britain, I am no different.
Basically, there are five stages of culture shock.
Stage one can be called the“Tourist stage”. If you travel a lot, you'll agree with me. Everything in a new place is very exciting to a tourist. 16 After all, tourists don't usually stay too long in one place.
The second stage is the “shock stage”. 17 I am new in the country. Will someone cheat or rob me I don't know anybody here and I miss home. Luckily, my “shock period” was quite short. I had so many things to do every day, so I didn't have time to get depressed.
18 You learn to deal with the difficulties and stop complaining. This period can be slow and if you fail, you have to go back to the shock stage. I am very lucky. I have a roommate who has lived here for several years. Every time I talk to her, I feel better.
19 We feel more comfortable and can adapt to the new culture. I think this will take a long time because I don't see any trace of it in me.
The last stage is called the “re-entry shock stage”. This is the shock you feel when returning home. Everybody is happy to see you again, but you've changed. 20
A.You may feel foreign to your own culture.
B.Then comes the stage of acceptance.
C.In the next stage, you begin to adjust.
D.Problems and anxiety appear at this time.
E.You start to identify with the new culture.
F.This stage can last for months or just a couple of days.
G.Find the courage to move forward during this difficult stage.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last December, I was in Canada on business with my coworkers. One of them, Frank, was much older. He was physically 21 , having just recovered from an illness. He didn't want the local 22 , so he stayed in the hotel while the rest of us dined out. However, I thought this might have impacted his sense of 23 .
One night, I told Frank I'd like to take him out wherever he wanted to eat. 24 I had vegetarian food preference and he did not, he did not want to 25 me by going to places where I would have very few 26 . I assured him that it was not a big issue and he 27 eventually. I then drove him to a restaurant he would prefer. With other coworkers going out separately, I was able to 28 Frank alone and 29 to him. My willingness to lend an ear brought us two closer.
After we ended our meal, I decided to 30 him right to the door of the hotel and not the parking lot, because it was 31 outside, which would make him easily catch a cold. This felt good, and over the next few outings, it felt more 32 to tell my coworkers to wait inside the restaurant while I 33 the car for them to avoid the low temperature in it.
Though 34 , such acts have magic power, spreading joy to each of us and filling us with a strong sense of community. I'm happy to find my coworkers are getting more and more thoughtful and 35 more about each other.
21.A.strong B.tense C.weak D.addicted
22.A.food B.culture C.climate D.map
23.A.direction B.community
C.responsibility D.achievement
24.A.Once B.Though
C.Before D.As
25.A.trouble B.persuade
C.confuse D.remind
26.A.customers B.options
C.comments D.surprises
27.A.left B.admitted
C.apologized D.agreed
28.A.catch hold of B.make fun of
C.get along with D.make up with
29.A.listen B.speak
C.argue D.breathe
30.A.lead B.follow
C.drop D.invite
31.A.cloudy B.dark
C.freezing D.dangerous
32.A.interesting B.natural
C.familiar D.exciting
33.A.parked B.warmed
C.cleaned D.examined
34.A.challenging B.embarrassing
C.unnecessary D.simple
35.A.care B.worry C.ask D.talk
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The bronze horse head 36 was taken away by foreign forces from Yuanmingyuan returned home after 160 years. Twelve animal head sculptures used to be 37 water clock in Yuanmingyuan. The horse is one of 12 Chinese zodiac 38 (sign)(生肖). The horse head, designed by Italian artist Giuseppe Castiglione and 39 (make) by Chinese craftsmen, is an excellent art work of the combination of the Eastern and Western cultures.
When the buildings in Yuanmingyuan burned down, quite a lot of relics 40 (lose) in the turmoil (混乱) in 1860. 41 (lucky), seven of the 12 sculptures have so far been returned to China. In addition 42 the horse head, the other six are also in Beijing. Not only is the horse head the first of the 12 animal-head sculptures 43 (return) to Yuanmingyuan, but it is also the first important 44 (culture) relic to be put at its original site after being taken back from overseas, Xinhua News Agency reported.
The return of this object 45 (tell) us that the cultural relics are closely connected with the nation. The return of the sculpture sets an example for people all over the world to bring more lost relics back to their own countries.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Alex在春节后将举家来广东旅游。对于即将开始的旅游,Alex很激动,请你写信推荐一处广东省内的美景。要点如下:
1.写信目的;
2.简要介绍其基本情况并对其美景进行描述;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:
1.词数80左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Alex,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Most Americans take pride in inviting guests with open arms.
What should you do if an American friend has invited you to visit his family You've never been to an American home before, and you're not sure what to do. Should you take a gift What time should you arrive or leave How long should you stay Take it easy. I'll tell you all about it.
The question of whether or not to bring a gift often worries guests.Giving your host a gift is not just a social custom in some cultures—it's expected. But in American culture, a guest does not have to bring a gift. Of course, some people do bring a small gift for their host. Proper gifts might usually be flowers, candy or—if the family has small children—toys. If you choose not to bring a gift, don't worry. No one will even notice.
Plan to arrive on time, or call to tell your host that you will be late.When you've finished the meal, the host may invite everyone to move to the living room for dessert with tea or coffee. After an hour or so, it's about time to head for the door.
Americans usually like to invite guests ahead of time. Only very close friends visit the host unexpectedly without being invited. This is especially true if the guests want to stay for a few days. Here's one golden rule for house guests: short stays are best. Even relatives don't usually stay for several weeks at a time. Your host family will appreciate your consideration (体贴), and they may even invite you back!
参考答案与解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三个著名岛国的特别之处,旨在吸引游客前往参观。
1.B 细节理解题。根据Maldives中的第一句“It's believed that Maldives is one of the most popular honeymoon places as well as one of the most beautiful island countries.”可知, 人们认为,马尔代夫是最受欢迎的蜜月胜地之一,也是最美丽的岛国之一。所以,新婚夫妇最可能选择去马尔代夫旅游。
2.B 细节理解题。根据Fiji中的“It is famous for the world's best surfing scenes, attracting many surfing lovers to ride the great waves.”可知,它以世界上最好的冲浪场景而闻名,吸引了许多冲浪爱好者来此冲浪。所以,斐济的特别之处在于它是冲浪爱好者最喜欢的岛国。故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。 根据Malta中的最后一句 “The historic part of Malta is shown in its architecture,great walled cities, and many underground tunnels.”可知,游客可以在马耳他探索地下隧道。故选D。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了和父亲去泰国北部的志趣相投大象保护区的所见所闻。
4.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“The eldest,Too Meh, had spent much of her life giving tourists rides with a heavy iron seat tied to her back.”可知,最年长的Too Meh,它一生中大部分时间都在背上绑着沉重的铁座椅,载着游客骑行。所以推知,Too Meh经历了艰难的岁月。故选A,同时排除D项。文中只提到了Too Meh的一个女儿Mae Doom,而Dodo 和Gen Thong是它的两个外孙,可排除B项;由文章第二段最后一句也可知是它的女儿和两个外孙曾多年戴着锁链,故排除C项。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary was founded with the goal of protecting the welfare of elephants”可知,志趣相投大象保护区成立的目的在于保护大象。故选C。
6.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句“By providing such opportunities for visitors, the place gives back to the village by helping the villagers make more money and learn English.”可知,村民们能从这个保护区中得到更多的收入。故选A。
7.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Last fall,my dad and I visited the Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary, which is located in the mountains of northern Thailand.”及最后一段第一句“If you want to see elephants in their natural environment, the Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary is a nice place to go.”可知,本文叙述了作者在大象保护区参观的所见所闻(中间三段具体描述了作者和父亲在保护区的经历)。所以D选项“参观大象保护区”为文章最佳标题。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新加坡的小贩文化及其存在的意义,同时还提及其目前的困境。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Singapore's tradition of eating out in places called hawker centers is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.”可知,新加坡的小贩文化被加入联合国教科文组织的名单,是因为其在展示新加坡文化方面的重要性。故选B。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods are very popular.”可知,叫卖小贩们在露天区域卖东西。故选A。第二段说一些著名的厨师表扬了他们,并不是他们是著名的厨师,排除B项;C项信息文中并未作说明;此外,他们只是受到了一些著名厨师的表扬,并没有足够的信息说明他们在全世界都是受欢迎的,故排除D项。
10.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三、四句“Now, the centers offer many different low-cost meals to local people and provide a pleasing social setting. The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market.”可知,作者提到电影《摘金奇缘》是为了证明小贩聚集中心的受欢迎程度。故选C。
11.A 主旨大意题。最后一段讲到了现在小贩的平均年龄很高,而年轻一些的新加坡人不想在这些小的餐馆工作,并且还受到了新冠肺炎疫情的影响,由此可知本段主要讲述了小贩文化面临的困境。故选A。B、C两项只是困境中的一部分;文中并没有提到小贩文化的未来会怎样,只是描述了现状,故排除D。
D
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明人们喜欢吃辣味的食物跟一个人的性格有关。
12.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it.中的while意为“而,然而”,表示对比,所以推断出loathe应该与love意思相对。A项意为“不喜欢;厌恶”,符合语境。 B项意为“害怕”;C项意为“忍受”;D项意为“适应;改变”,均与语境不符。
13.C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.可知,这让科学家们认为,也许人们对辛辣食物的喜爱是由于对刺激的渴望,人们通常从看动作片或坐过山车中获得刺激;结合倒数第二段中的those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water可知,那些喜欢看动作片或冒险的人喜欢辣味水的可能性是其他人的六倍。由此推断出,那些倾向于看动作片和冒险的人可能会更喜欢辣味的食物,反向推之可知C项信息与原文相符。根据第二段最后一句中的But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality可知,最新的研究发现,一个人对辛辣食物的喜爱可能与他(她)的性格有关,所以文章提到了性格,但与A项“实际上我们吃的东西有助于培养我们的个性”的内容不符;B项“男性比女性更喜欢吃辣的食物”的信息原文未提及;根据第四段前两句可知,但是在你看研究之前,你应该首先知道辣不是一种味道,不像酸、甜、苦和咸的味道。事实上,它是你在舌头表面感受到的一种强烈的感觉,所以D项“人们错误地把辣当作一种味道,而不是一种感觉”不是研究的发现,是研究之前就存在的事实。
14.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的you actually learn to like the burning feeling可知,人们喜欢吃辣的食物是因为人们喜欢强烈的感觉。所以B项信息与原文相符。根据最后一段第一句Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand(承受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it.可知,我们过去认为有些人之所以能忍受辛辣食物,是因为他们的舌头对辛辣食物不那么敏感了,所以A项是过去的思想而不是最新研究的发现;C项“因为他们想挑战自己”和D项“因为他们越尝试辣的食物,它越不辣”的信息原文未提及。
15.B 主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.可知,最新研究发现,人们喜欢吃辣味的食物跟性格有关。结合整篇文章的内容可知,文章主要是对此研究做出了具体说明,所以B项符合文章的主旨。文章只提及了“辛辣食物”,所以A项“一个人喜欢吃什么主要取决于他的性格”范围广,超出了文章的主旨范围。C项“个人经历与口味无关”和D项“不同的人有不同的口味”均与文章主旨不符。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化冲击的五个阶段,以及每个阶段的一些表现。
16.F 根据上文“Stage one can be called the ‘Tourist stage’. If you travel a lot, you'll agree with me. Everything in a new place is very exciting to a tourist.”以及下文“After all, tourists don't usually stay too long in one place.”可知,上文提到了第一阶段是“游客阶段”,且下文提到游客不会待太久,所以本句是在说明这个阶段持续的时间的长短问题。F选项“这个阶段可能会持续几个月或仅仅几天”符合语境,且选项中This stage指代上文Stage one。故选F。
17.D 根据下文中的“I am new in the country. Will someone cheat or rob me I don't know anybody here and I miss home.”可知,本段描述了这个阶段的一些具体表现,提到了害怕被骗、被抢劫和想家,说明这个阶段会出现担忧、焦虑等问题。D选项“这时问题和焦虑就出现了”符合语境。故选D。
18.C 根据下句“You learn to deal with the difficulties and stop complaining.”可知,下文提到这个阶段的表现是学会处理困难,停止抱怨,说明这个阶段人们开始学着处理问题,开始适应。C选项“在下一个阶段,你开始适应”符合语境。故选C。
19.B 根据下句“We feel more comfortable and can adapt to the new culture.”可知,下文提到这个阶段的表现是感觉更舒服,也能适应新的文化,说明开始接受并融入新环境中。B选项“然后是接受的阶段”符合语境。故选B。
20.A 根据上文“The last stage is called the ‘re-entry shock stage’. This is the shock you feel when returning home. Everybody is happy to see you again, but you've changed.”可知,在这一阶段,当你回到家乡时,你改变了,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文,说明变化是什么。A选项“你可能会对自己的文化感到陌生”符合语境。故选A。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了去加拿大出差时为了照顾同住旅馆的同事而做的一些暖心的事情。
21.C 根据空格后的“having just recovered from an illness”可知,弗兰克刚从一场病中康复,所以身体很虚弱。strong强壮的; tense紧张的; weak虚弱的; addicted上瘾的。故选C。
22.A 根据下文“so he stayed in the hotel while the rest of us dined out”可知,所以他待在旅馆里,而我们其他人出去吃饭。显然弗兰克没有出去吃饭。此处指的是本地食物。food食物; culture文化; climate气候; map地图。故选A。
23.B 根据上文的“He didn't want the local 22 , so he stayed in the hotel while the rest of us dined out.” 可知,只有弗兰克留在了旅馆。所以作者认为这可能会影响到他的团队意识。direction方向; community团体; responsibility责任; achievement成就。故选B。
24.D 24、25、26空可结合在一起看,作者告诉弗兰克不管他想去哪吃他都会带他去,因为作者喜欢素食,而他不喜欢,所以弗兰克不想去那些作者没有多少选择的地方来麻烦作者。空格处表示“因为”。故选D。
25.A 因为作者喜欢素食,而弗兰克不喜欢。所以弗兰克不想麻烦作者。trouble麻烦; persuade说服; confuse迷惑; remind提醒。故选A。
26.B 根据上文的“I had vegetarian food preference and he did not ”可知,因为两个人的饮食习惯不同,如果两个人去弗兰克喜欢的餐厅,作者选择(的菜品)就少了。customer顾客; option选择; comment评论; surprise意外。故选B。
27.D 根据下句“I then drove him to a restaurant he would prefer.”可知,弗兰克最终同意了去适合他的口味的餐厅。leave离开; admit承认; apologize道歉; agree同意。故选D。
28.C 根据上文“With other coworkers going out separately”可知,作者和同事分开出去,由此判断,作者可以和弗兰克单独相处。catch hold of抓住; make fun of取笑; get along with和……相处; make up with与……和解。故选C。
29.A 根据下文“My willingness to lend an ear brought us two closer.”可知,作者一直在倾听弗兰克讲话。故选A。
30.C 根据下文“not the parking lot”可知,作者没有把车开到停车场,而是开车把弗兰克送到酒店的门口并放下。lead引导; follow追随; drop将……送到并放下;invite邀请。故选C。
31.C 根据下文“which would make him easily catch a cold”可推知,外面很冷。cloudy阴天的; dark黑暗的; freezing极冷的; dangerous危险的。故选C。
32.B 此题可以和33题整体来看。根据上文的“This felt good, and over the next few outings”可知,这种感觉很好,这让作者在接下来的几次外出时,告诉同事在餐馆里边等着,作者为他们暖车,这种情况感觉起来更加自然。interesting有趣的; natural自然的; familiar熟悉的; exciting令人兴奋的。故选B。
33.B 根据上文的“which would make him easily catch a cold”和“tell my coworkers to wait inside the restaurant”可知,天气很冷,作者让同事在餐馆里边等着是因为作者要给同事暖车。park停车;warm使温暖; clean打扫; examine检查。故选B。
34.D 根据上文提到的作者带弗兰克出去吃饭以及作者给同事暖车的行为可知,这里指的是作者为同事们做的是简单的小事情。challenging具有挑战性的; embarrassing令人尴尬的; unnecessary不必要的; simple简单的。故选D。
35.A 根据上文的“ getting more and more thoughtful”可知同事们变得更体贴,更关心彼此。care关心; worry担忧; ask问; talk谈话。故选A。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了被外国军队从圆明园带走的青铜马首在160年后回到了家乡。
36.which/that 考查定语从句。句意:被外国军队从圆明园带走的青铜马首在160年后回到了家乡。分析句子可知,设空处引导的是定语从句,先行词为“The bronze horse head”,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which或that。
37.a 考查冠词。句意:十二兽首雕塑曾经是圆明园的一个水力钟。“clock”为可数名词,此处表示泛指,“water”以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a。
38.signs 考查名词复数。one of +可数名词的复数形式。故填 signs。
39.made 考查过去分词。句意:由意大利画家郎世宁设计,并被中国工匠制造的马首是东西方文化结合的优秀的艺术作品。分析句子可知,空格前的并列连词and连接的成分均作后置定语,The horse head与make之间是被动关系。故填过去分词made。
40.were lost 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在圆明园中的建筑被烧毁后,相当多的遗物在1860年的战乱中丢失了。分析句子成分可知,此处作主句的谓语动词,由时间状语in 1860可知用一般过去时,遗物是被丢失的且主语为 quite a lot of relics,故填were lost。
41.Luckily 考查副词。句意:幸运的是,到目前为止,十二个雕像当中的七个已经被送回中国。分析句子可知,空格处作状语修饰整个句子,并结合句意可知应填副词Luckily。
42.to 考查固定短语。句意:除了马首之外,其他六个也都在北京。in addition to为固定短语,意为“除……外(还有)”。
43.to be returned 考查动词不定式及语态。句意:据新华社报道,马首不仅是12个兽首雕塑中第一个被归还圆明园的,也是第一个从海外带回后被安置在原址的重要文化遗产。the first后常跟不定式作后置定语,此处the first与return之间为被动关系,故填to be returned。
44.cultural 考查形容词。分析句子可知,此处填形容词,修饰后面的名词relic。故填cultural。
45.tells 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这件物品的回归告诉我们,文物与其国家是紧密相连的。分析句子成分可知,此处是主句中的谓语动词,由从句中的are和语境可知此处使用一般现在时,主句的主语为单数名词,故谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填tells。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Alex,
Thrilled to hear that you are coming to Guangdong with your family for a tour after the Spring Festival, I am writing to introduce a must-see tourist destination for you as you have never been to Guangdong before.
As the landmark of Guangzhou, the Canton Tower is famous for its unique design, offering you a bird-eye view of the whole city and some entertainment activities inside as well. 600 metres in height, the Canton Tower is like a modern-looking lady greeting visitors from home and abroad.
I am looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Most Americans welcome a visit to their home. (要点1)
Firstly, it doesn't matter whether the guests bring gifts or not, but if you want to bring gifts, you can bring flowers or candy or toys for children. An hour or so after the dessert is finished, it's about time to leave.(要点2)
Secondly, plan to arrive on time, or call to tell your host that you will be late. (要点3)Thirdly, short stays are best.(要点4)
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
It's always adventurous and romantic to visit an island country. Take a look at some breathtakingly beautiful island countries in the world, which everyone should visit at least once in his lifetime.
Maldives
It's believed that Maldives is one of the most popular honeymoon places as well as one of the most beautiful island countries. Situated in the Indian Ocean, Maldives is made up of a series of ancient coral reefs that grow up along the sides of ancient volcanoes, with fascinating beaches.
Fiji
Fiji has plenty of surprises for any adventurous travelers. It is famous for the world's best surfing scenes, attracting many surfing lovers to ride the great waves. Well, if surfing is not for you and you love sitting on the beach and relaxing, hiking or seeing breathtaking waterfalls, Fiji is also a suitable island country to visit.
Malta
Malta, a beautiful southern European country in the Mediterranean Sea, has a rich history and culture. There are amazing sky-high cliffs to climb and wonderful temples to visit. And there are lots of amazing places where you can go diving. There are plenty of interesting things to explore here and everyone can find something to enjoy. The historic part of Malta is shown in its architecture, great walled cities, and many underground tunnels.
1.Which place will be most likely to be chosen by a newly-married couple according to the text
A.The Mediterranean Sea.
B.Maldives.
C.Malta.
D.Fiji.
2.What is the special part about Fiji
A.You can see the world's most breathtaking waterfalls.
B.It is surfing lovers' favourite island country.
C.There are sky-high cliffs to explore.
D.You can try the world's longest tunnels.
3.What can tourists do in Malta
A.Hike on green plains.
B.Ride the greatest waves.
C.See breathtaking waterfalls.
D.Explore underground tunnels.
B
Last fall,my dad and I visited the Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary,which is located in the mountains of northern Thailand. Although our stay was short, it turned out to be the most memorable part of our holiday.
Upon arrival,we headed to the base to learn about the elephants that were in the care of local people. The eldest,Too Meh, had spent much of her life giving tourists rides with a heavy iron seat tied to her back.Her daughter,Mae Doom,and grandsons,Dodo and Gen Thong,had also spent years in chains doing hard work to entertain tourists. It broke our hearts to hear their sad stories.
Early the next morning, we saw Too Meh and Mae Doom exploring the forest and Dodo playing by the river. Seeing them free was a heartwarming experience. The Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary was founded with the goal of protecting the welfare of elephants, and that is why this place does not offer elephant rides or elephant performances of any kind. Instead, it tries to educate visitors on these amazing animals.
But we did more than just get to know the elephants. We also cooked and ate together with our host family, learned about the language of the local people, and helped teach English to the children in the village. In doing these activities, we were able to experience the local customs and culture firsthand.By providing such opportunities for visitors, the place gives back to the village by helping the villagers make more money and learn English. It's a win-win situation.
If you want to see elephants in their natural environment, the Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary is a nice place to go. It's an experience you won't forget.
4.What can we learn about Too Meh
A.She lived through hard times.
B.She gave birth to three babies.
C.She is used to wearing chains.
D.There was no iron seat on her back.
5.What does the Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary aim to do
A.To entertain tourists.
B.To teach languages.
C.To protect elephants.
D.To maintain customs.
6.What benefit do villagers get from the sanctuary
A.Higher income.
B.Cheaper travel.
C.Free elephant rides.
D.Live entertainment.
7.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.My Best Holiday
B.Stopping Hurting Elephants
C.One Performance You Can't Miss
D.A Visit to the Elephant Sanctuary
C
Singapore's tradition of eating out in places called hawker centers is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.
A hawker is a person who sells food or goods and advertises by shouting at people walking by on the street. Hawkers are an important part of Singaporean culture. Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods are very popular. Famous chefs, such as Anthony Bourdain and Gordon Ramsay, have praised them.
On Wednesday, the United Nations' cultural agency, UNESCO, added the city's “hawker culture” to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Singapore sought to have hawker culture added to the list about two years ago. Now that it has been recognized, Singapore must provide a report every six years to UNESCO. The report must show the efforts it has made to save and support its hawker culture.
“These centers serve as ‘community dining rooms', where people from diverse backgrounds gather and share the experience of dining over breakfast, lunch and dinner,” UNESCO said.
In the 1970s, Singapore cleaned up its streets so the street hawkers moved to new eating centers. These areas were part of an effort to improve the island. Now, the centers offer many different low-cost meals to local people and provide a pleasing social setting. The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market. Some sellers even received Michelin stars from a famous restaurant rating system for their meals costing only a few dollars.
But, now the average age of hawkers in Singapore is 60 years old. Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices. They are less interested in working in small restaurants. The COVID-19 health crisis also hurt sales, preventing foreign visitors and locals from eating out.
8.Why is hawker culture added to UNESCO's list
A.For the efforts Singapore has made.
B.For its importance in showing Singapore's culture.
C.For the report Singapore provided.
D.For the recommendation by UNESCO.
9.What do we know about hawkers from Paragraph 2
A.They sell goods in the open-air area.
B.They are famous chefs.
C.They are Singapore natives.
D.They are popular all over the world.
10.Why is the film Crazy Rich Asians mentioned
A.To advertise the film.
B.To introduce the stars.
C.To show the popularity of hawker centers.
D.To help the sellers receive Michelin stars.
11.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The difficulties hawker culture is facing.
B.The average age of hawkers.
C.The effect caused by COVID-19.
D.The future of hawker culture.
D
What's your opinion on spicy food Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili peppers in their dinner while others can't get enough of them.
Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences, and that cultural influences affect our taste too. But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.
“We have always assumed that the liking drives intake—we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect personality with intake of chili peppers,” said Professor John E. Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study.
But before you look at the study, you should first know that “spicy” is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty taste. It is, in fact, a burning feeling that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.
In the study, 97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about their personality, for example, whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin(辣椒素), the plant chemical that makes a chili burn, mixed into it.
By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and how participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.
Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand(承受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found more otherwise. “It's not that it doesn't burn as badly, but that you actually learn to like the burning feeling,” Hayes explained.
12.What's the meaning of the underlined word “loathe” in the second paragraph
A.Dislike. B.Fear.
C.Put up with. D.Adapt to.
13.What did Professor John E. Hayes and his team discover from their study
A.What we eat actually helps to develop our personality.
B.Males are more likely to enjoy spicy food than females.
C.Those trying to avoid risks tend to be less interested in spicy food.
D.People are wrong to treat “spicy” as a kind of taste rather than a feeling.
14.Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study
A.Because their taste has become less sensitive.
B.Because they love the burning feeling.
C.Because they want to challenge themselves.
D.Because the more they try spicy food, the less it burns.
15.What's the main idea of the passage
A.What one likes to eat mainly depends on one's personality.
B.Whether one enjoys spicy food depends largely on one's personality.
C.One's personal experiences have nothing to do with their taste.
D.Different people have different taste.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In moving to another country it is not uncommon to experience culture shock. As a Chinese person in Britain, I am no different.
Basically, there are five stages of culture shock.
Stage one can be called the“Tourist stage”. If you travel a lot, you'll agree with me. Everything in a new place is very exciting to a tourist. 16 After all, tourists don't usually stay too long in one place.
The second stage is the “shock stage”. 17 I am new in the country. Will someone cheat or rob me I don't know anybody here and I miss home. Luckily, my “shock period” was quite short. I had so many things to do every day, so I didn't have time to get depressed.
18 You learn to deal with the difficulties and stop complaining. This period can be slow and if you fail, you have to go back to the shock stage. I am very lucky. I have a roommate who has lived here for several years. Every time I talk to her, I feel better.
19 We feel more comfortable and can adapt to the new culture. I think this will take a long time because I don't see any trace of it in me.
The last stage is called the “re-entry shock stage”. This is the shock you feel when returning home. Everybody is happy to see you again, but you've changed. 20
A.You may feel foreign to your own culture.
B.Then comes the stage of acceptance.
C.In the next stage, you begin to adjust.
D.Problems and anxiety appear at this time.
E.You start to identify with the new culture.
F.This stage can last for months or just a couple of days.
G.Find the courage to move forward during this difficult stage.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last December, I was in Canada on business with my coworkers. One of them, Frank, was much older. He was physically 21 , having just recovered from an illness. He didn't want the local 22 , so he stayed in the hotel while the rest of us dined out. However, I thought this might have impacted his sense of 23 .
One night, I told Frank I'd like to take him out wherever he wanted to eat. 24 I had vegetarian food preference and he did not, he did not want to 25 me by going to places where I would have very few 26 . I assured him that it was not a big issue and he 27 eventually. I then drove him to a restaurant he would prefer. With other coworkers going out separately, I was able to 28 Frank alone and 29 to him. My willingness to lend an ear brought us two closer.
After we ended our meal, I decided to 30 him right to the door of the hotel and not the parking lot, because it was 31 outside, which would make him easily catch a cold. This felt good, and over the next few outings, it felt more 32 to tell my coworkers to wait inside the restaurant while I 33 the car for them to avoid the low temperature in it.
Though 34 , such acts have magic power, spreading joy to each of us and filling us with a strong sense of community. I'm happy to find my coworkers are getting more and more thoughtful and 35 more about each other.
21.A.strong B.tense C.weak D.addicted
22.A.food B.culture C.climate D.map
23.A.direction B.community
C.responsibility D.achievement
24.A.Once B.Though
C.Before D.As
25.A.trouble B.persuade
C.confuse D.remind
26.A.customers B.options
C.comments D.surprises
27.A.left B.admitted
C.apologized D.agreed
28.A.catch hold of B.make fun of
C.get along with D.make up with
29.A.listen B.speak
C.argue D.breathe
30.A.lead B.follow
C.drop D.invite
31.A.cloudy B.dark
C.freezing D.dangerous
32.A.interesting B.natural
C.familiar D.exciting
33.A.parked B.warmed
C.cleaned D.examined
34.A.challenging B.embarrassing
C.unnecessary D.simple
35.A.care B.worry C.ask D.talk
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The bronze horse head 36 was taken away by foreign forces from Yuanmingyuan returned home after 160 years. Twelve animal head sculptures used to be 37 water clock in Yuanmingyuan. The horse is one of 12 Chinese zodiac 38 (sign)(生肖). The horse head, designed by Italian artist Giuseppe Castiglione and 39 (make) by Chinese craftsmen, is an excellent art work of the combination of the Eastern and Western cultures.
When the buildings in Yuanmingyuan burned down, quite a lot of relics 40 (lose) in the turmoil (混乱) in 1860. 41 (lucky), seven of the 12 sculptures have so far been returned to China. In addition 42 the horse head, the other six are also in Beijing. Not only is the horse head the first of the 12 animal-head sculptures 43 (return) to Yuanmingyuan, but it is also the first important 44 (culture) relic to be put at its original site after being taken back from overseas, Xinhua News Agency reported.
The return of this object 45 (tell) us that the cultural relics are closely connected with the nation. The return of the sculpture sets an example for people all over the world to bring more lost relics back to their own countries.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Alex在春节后将举家来广东旅游。对于即将开始的旅游,Alex很激动,请你写信推荐一处广东省内的美景。要点如下:
1.写信目的;
2.简要介绍其基本情况并对其美景进行描述;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:
1.词数80左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Alex,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Most Americans take pride in inviting guests with open arms.
What should you do if an American friend has invited you to visit his family You've never been to an American home before, and you're not sure what to do. Should you take a gift What time should you arrive or leave How long should you stay Take it easy. I'll tell you all about it.
The question of whether or not to bring a gift often worries guests.Giving your host a gift is not just a social custom in some cultures—it's expected. But in American culture, a guest does not have to bring a gift. Of course, some people do bring a small gift for their host. Proper gifts might usually be flowers, candy or—if the family has small children—toys. If you choose not to bring a gift, don't worry. No one will even notice.
Plan to arrive on time, or call to tell your host that you will be late.When you've finished the meal, the host may invite everyone to move to the living room for dessert with tea or coffee. After an hour or so, it's about time to head for the door.
Americans usually like to invite guests ahead of time. Only very close friends visit the host unexpectedly without being invited. This is especially true if the guests want to stay for a few days. Here's one golden rule for house guests: short stays are best. Even relatives don't usually stay for several weeks at a time. Your host family will appreciate your consideration (体贴), and they may even invite you back!
参考答案与解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三个著名岛国的特别之处,旨在吸引游客前往参观。
1.B 细节理解题。根据Maldives中的第一句“It's believed that Maldives is one of the most popular honeymoon places as well as one of the most beautiful island countries.”可知, 人们认为,马尔代夫是最受欢迎的蜜月胜地之一,也是最美丽的岛国之一。所以,新婚夫妇最可能选择去马尔代夫旅游。
2.B 细节理解题。根据Fiji中的“It is famous for the world's best surfing scenes, attracting many surfing lovers to ride the great waves.”可知,它以世界上最好的冲浪场景而闻名,吸引了许多冲浪爱好者来此冲浪。所以,斐济的特别之处在于它是冲浪爱好者最喜欢的岛国。故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。 根据Malta中的最后一句 “The historic part of Malta is shown in its architecture,great walled cities, and many underground tunnels.”可知,游客可以在马耳他探索地下隧道。故选D。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了和父亲去泰国北部的志趣相投大象保护区的所见所闻。
4.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“The eldest,Too Meh, had spent much of her life giving tourists rides with a heavy iron seat tied to her back.”可知,最年长的Too Meh,它一生中大部分时间都在背上绑着沉重的铁座椅,载着游客骑行。所以推知,Too Meh经历了艰难的岁月。故选A,同时排除D项。文中只提到了Too Meh的一个女儿Mae Doom,而Dodo 和Gen Thong是它的两个外孙,可排除B项;由文章第二段最后一句也可知是它的女儿和两个外孙曾多年戴着锁链,故排除C项。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary was founded with the goal of protecting the welfare of elephants”可知,志趣相投大象保护区成立的目的在于保护大象。故选C。
6.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句“By providing such opportunities for visitors, the place gives back to the village by helping the villagers make more money and learn English.”可知,村民们能从这个保护区中得到更多的收入。故选A。
7.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Last fall,my dad and I visited the Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary, which is located in the mountains of northern Thailand.”及最后一段第一句“If you want to see elephants in their natural environment, the Kindred Spirit Elephant Sanctuary is a nice place to go.”可知,本文叙述了作者在大象保护区参观的所见所闻(中间三段具体描述了作者和父亲在保护区的经历)。所以D选项“参观大象保护区”为文章最佳标题。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新加坡的小贩文化及其存在的意义,同时还提及其目前的困境。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Singapore's tradition of eating out in places called hawker centers is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.”可知,新加坡的小贩文化被加入联合国教科文组织的名单,是因为其在展示新加坡文化方面的重要性。故选B。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods are very popular.”可知,叫卖小贩们在露天区域卖东西。故选A。第二段说一些著名的厨师表扬了他们,并不是他们是著名的厨师,排除B项;C项信息文中并未作说明;此外,他们只是受到了一些著名厨师的表扬,并没有足够的信息说明他们在全世界都是受欢迎的,故排除D项。
10.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三、四句“Now, the centers offer many different low-cost meals to local people and provide a pleasing social setting. The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market.”可知,作者提到电影《摘金奇缘》是为了证明小贩聚集中心的受欢迎程度。故选C。
11.A 主旨大意题。最后一段讲到了现在小贩的平均年龄很高,而年轻一些的新加坡人不想在这些小的餐馆工作,并且还受到了新冠肺炎疫情的影响,由此可知本段主要讲述了小贩文化面临的困境。故选A。B、C两项只是困境中的一部分;文中并没有提到小贩文化的未来会怎样,只是描述了现状,故排除D。
D
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明人们喜欢吃辣味的食物跟一个人的性格有关。
12.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it.中的while意为“而,然而”,表示对比,所以推断出loathe应该与love意思相对。A项意为“不喜欢;厌恶”,符合语境。 B项意为“害怕”;C项意为“忍受”;D项意为“适应;改变”,均与语境不符。
13.C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.可知,这让科学家们认为,也许人们对辛辣食物的喜爱是由于对刺激的渴望,人们通常从看动作片或坐过山车中获得刺激;结合倒数第二段中的those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water可知,那些喜欢看动作片或冒险的人喜欢辣味水的可能性是其他人的六倍。由此推断出,那些倾向于看动作片和冒险的人可能会更喜欢辣味的食物,反向推之可知C项信息与原文相符。根据第二段最后一句中的But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality可知,最新的研究发现,一个人对辛辣食物的喜爱可能与他(她)的性格有关,所以文章提到了性格,但与A项“实际上我们吃的东西有助于培养我们的个性”的内容不符;B项“男性比女性更喜欢吃辣的食物”的信息原文未提及;根据第四段前两句可知,但是在你看研究之前,你应该首先知道辣不是一种味道,不像酸、甜、苦和咸的味道。事实上,它是你在舌头表面感受到的一种强烈的感觉,所以D项“人们错误地把辣当作一种味道,而不是一种感觉”不是研究的发现,是研究之前就存在的事实。
14.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的you actually learn to like the burning feeling可知,人们喜欢吃辣的食物是因为人们喜欢强烈的感觉。所以B项信息与原文相符。根据最后一段第一句Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand(承受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it.可知,我们过去认为有些人之所以能忍受辛辣食物,是因为他们的舌头对辛辣食物不那么敏感了,所以A项是过去的思想而不是最新研究的发现;C项“因为他们想挑战自己”和D项“因为他们越尝试辣的食物,它越不辣”的信息原文未提及。
15.B 主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.可知,最新研究发现,人们喜欢吃辣味的食物跟性格有关。结合整篇文章的内容可知,文章主要是对此研究做出了具体说明,所以B项符合文章的主旨。文章只提及了“辛辣食物”,所以A项“一个人喜欢吃什么主要取决于他的性格”范围广,超出了文章的主旨范围。C项“个人经历与口味无关”和D项“不同的人有不同的口味”均与文章主旨不符。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化冲击的五个阶段,以及每个阶段的一些表现。
16.F 根据上文“Stage one can be called the ‘Tourist stage’. If you travel a lot, you'll agree with me. Everything in a new place is very exciting to a tourist.”以及下文“After all, tourists don't usually stay too long in one place.”可知,上文提到了第一阶段是“游客阶段”,且下文提到游客不会待太久,所以本句是在说明这个阶段持续的时间的长短问题。F选项“这个阶段可能会持续几个月或仅仅几天”符合语境,且选项中This stage指代上文Stage one。故选F。
17.D 根据下文中的“I am new in the country. Will someone cheat or rob me I don't know anybody here and I miss home.”可知,本段描述了这个阶段的一些具体表现,提到了害怕被骗、被抢劫和想家,说明这个阶段会出现担忧、焦虑等问题。D选项“这时问题和焦虑就出现了”符合语境。故选D。
18.C 根据下句“You learn to deal with the difficulties and stop complaining.”可知,下文提到这个阶段的表现是学会处理困难,停止抱怨,说明这个阶段人们开始学着处理问题,开始适应。C选项“在下一个阶段,你开始适应”符合语境。故选C。
19.B 根据下句“We feel more comfortable and can adapt to the new culture.”可知,下文提到这个阶段的表现是感觉更舒服,也能适应新的文化,说明开始接受并融入新环境中。B选项“然后是接受的阶段”符合语境。故选B。
20.A 根据上文“The last stage is called the ‘re-entry shock stage’. This is the shock you feel when returning home. Everybody is happy to see you again, but you've changed.”可知,在这一阶段,当你回到家乡时,你改变了,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文,说明变化是什么。A选项“你可能会对自己的文化感到陌生”符合语境。故选A。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了去加拿大出差时为了照顾同住旅馆的同事而做的一些暖心的事情。
21.C 根据空格后的“having just recovered from an illness”可知,弗兰克刚从一场病中康复,所以身体很虚弱。strong强壮的; tense紧张的; weak虚弱的; addicted上瘾的。故选C。
22.A 根据下文“so he stayed in the hotel while the rest of us dined out”可知,所以他待在旅馆里,而我们其他人出去吃饭。显然弗兰克没有出去吃饭。此处指的是本地食物。food食物; culture文化; climate气候; map地图。故选A。
23.B 根据上文的“He didn't want the local 22 , so he stayed in the hotel while the rest of us dined out.” 可知,只有弗兰克留在了旅馆。所以作者认为这可能会影响到他的团队意识。direction方向; community团体; responsibility责任; achievement成就。故选B。
24.D 24、25、26空可结合在一起看,作者告诉弗兰克不管他想去哪吃他都会带他去,因为作者喜欢素食,而他不喜欢,所以弗兰克不想去那些作者没有多少选择的地方来麻烦作者。空格处表示“因为”。故选D。
25.A 因为作者喜欢素食,而弗兰克不喜欢。所以弗兰克不想麻烦作者。trouble麻烦; persuade说服; confuse迷惑; remind提醒。故选A。
26.B 根据上文的“I had vegetarian food preference and he did not ”可知,因为两个人的饮食习惯不同,如果两个人去弗兰克喜欢的餐厅,作者选择(的菜品)就少了。customer顾客; option选择; comment评论; surprise意外。故选B。
27.D 根据下句“I then drove him to a restaurant he would prefer.”可知,弗兰克最终同意了去适合他的口味的餐厅。leave离开; admit承认; apologize道歉; agree同意。故选D。
28.C 根据上文“With other coworkers going out separately”可知,作者和同事分开出去,由此判断,作者可以和弗兰克单独相处。catch hold of抓住; make fun of取笑; get along with和……相处; make up with与……和解。故选C。
29.A 根据下文“My willingness to lend an ear brought us two closer.”可知,作者一直在倾听弗兰克讲话。故选A。
30.C 根据下文“not the parking lot”可知,作者没有把车开到停车场,而是开车把弗兰克送到酒店的门口并放下。lead引导; follow追随; drop将……送到并放下;invite邀请。故选C。
31.C 根据下文“which would make him easily catch a cold”可推知,外面很冷。cloudy阴天的; dark黑暗的; freezing极冷的; dangerous危险的。故选C。
32.B 此题可以和33题整体来看。根据上文的“This felt good, and over the next few outings”可知,这种感觉很好,这让作者在接下来的几次外出时,告诉同事在餐馆里边等着,作者为他们暖车,这种情况感觉起来更加自然。interesting有趣的; natural自然的; familiar熟悉的; exciting令人兴奋的。故选B。
33.B 根据上文的“which would make him easily catch a cold”和“tell my coworkers to wait inside the restaurant”可知,天气很冷,作者让同事在餐馆里边等着是因为作者要给同事暖车。park停车;warm使温暖; clean打扫; examine检查。故选B。
34.D 根据上文提到的作者带弗兰克出去吃饭以及作者给同事暖车的行为可知,这里指的是作者为同事们做的是简单的小事情。challenging具有挑战性的; embarrassing令人尴尬的; unnecessary不必要的; simple简单的。故选D。
35.A 根据上文的“ getting more and more thoughtful”可知同事们变得更体贴,更关心彼此。care关心; worry担忧; ask问; talk谈话。故选A。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了被外国军队从圆明园带走的青铜马首在160年后回到了家乡。
36.which/that 考查定语从句。句意:被外国军队从圆明园带走的青铜马首在160年后回到了家乡。分析句子可知,设空处引导的是定语从句,先行词为“The bronze horse head”,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which或that。
37.a 考查冠词。句意:十二兽首雕塑曾经是圆明园的一个水力钟。“clock”为可数名词,此处表示泛指,“water”以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a。
38.signs 考查名词复数。one of +可数名词的复数形式。故填 signs。
39.made 考查过去分词。句意:由意大利画家郎世宁设计,并被中国工匠制造的马首是东西方文化结合的优秀的艺术作品。分析句子可知,空格前的并列连词and连接的成分均作后置定语,The horse head与make之间是被动关系。故填过去分词made。
40.were lost 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在圆明园中的建筑被烧毁后,相当多的遗物在1860年的战乱中丢失了。分析句子成分可知,此处作主句的谓语动词,由时间状语in 1860可知用一般过去时,遗物是被丢失的且主语为 quite a lot of relics,故填were lost。
41.Luckily 考查副词。句意:幸运的是,到目前为止,十二个雕像当中的七个已经被送回中国。分析句子可知,空格处作状语修饰整个句子,并结合句意可知应填副词Luckily。
42.to 考查固定短语。句意:除了马首之外,其他六个也都在北京。in addition to为固定短语,意为“除……外(还有)”。
43.to be returned 考查动词不定式及语态。句意:据新华社报道,马首不仅是12个兽首雕塑中第一个被归还圆明园的,也是第一个从海外带回后被安置在原址的重要文化遗产。the first后常跟不定式作后置定语,此处the first与return之间为被动关系,故填to be returned。
44.cultural 考查形容词。分析句子可知,此处填形容词,修饰后面的名词relic。故填cultural。
45.tells 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这件物品的回归告诉我们,文物与其国家是紧密相连的。分析句子成分可知,此处是主句中的谓语动词,由从句中的are和语境可知此处使用一般现在时,主句的主语为单数名词,故谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填tells。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Alex,
Thrilled to hear that you are coming to Guangdong with your family for a tour after the Spring Festival, I am writing to introduce a must-see tourist destination for you as you have never been to Guangdong before.
As the landmark of Guangzhou, the Canton Tower is famous for its unique design, offering you a bird-eye view of the whole city and some entertainment activities inside as well. 600 metres in height, the Canton Tower is like a modern-looking lady greeting visitors from home and abroad.
I am looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Most Americans welcome a visit to their home. (要点1)
Firstly, it doesn't matter whether the guests bring gifts or not, but if you want to bring gifts, you can bring flowers or candy or toys for children. An hour or so after the dessert is finished, it's about time to leave.(要点2)
Secondly, plan to arrive on time, or call to tell your host that you will be late. (要点3)Thirdly, short stays are best.(要点4)