译林版（2019）必修第三册：Unit 1 Nature in the balance Welcome to the unit &Reading 课时作业（含答案）

Unit 1　Nature in the balance
　Welcome to the unit &Reading
基础知识过关
Ⅰ.单词拼写　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.In Australia's 2019—2020 bush fire season, more than 10 million hectares of land burned and over a billion animals are estimated to have died, with many species pushed close to 　　　(灭绝).
2.The number of people employed in 　　　(农业) has fallen in the last decade.
3.The universities have expanded, 　　　(这样)allowing many more people the chance of higher education.
4.The organisms that are most suited to the environment will be those that will 　　　(存活).
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
break down;breathe life into;build up;in turn;due to
1.Just as spring awakens nature, it can be a great time to 　　　　　　the creative process.
2.The collection 　　　　　　over the last seventeen years.
3.Women's sports are 　　　　　　the barriers in previously male-dominated domains.
4.Increased production will, 　　　　　　, lead to increased profits.
5.The project had to be abandoned 　　　　　　a lack of government funding.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.I want to thank you in person for the impact you've had 　　　　my life.
2.Discriminating against black people does great harm 　　　　them.
3.As an important part of the local poverty alleviation campaign, the local government has taken 　　　　(variety) measures to help these women obtain nearby jobs and shake off poverty.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.这比我预料的更多。
This is 　　　　　　I have expected.
2.被邀请参加晚会是极大的荣幸。
　　　　　　a great honor 　　　　　　　　　to the evening party.
3.这棵大树下坐着一位老人。
　　　the big tree 　　　an old man.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
The Amazon rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world, crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru on the South American continent. It covers 　1　 area of around 6 million square kilometres. It is named after the Amazon River, 　2　 is close to 6,400 kilometres in length, 　3　 (support) many different ecosystems, which give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth, with one tenth of known species in the world living in the area.
There are 　4　 (variety) of plants in the Amazon rainforest. Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, over 40,000 can be found there. The forest's different levels support an 　5　 (believe) variety of wildlife. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
There are more than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals living in this forest. Among them 　6　 (be) jaguars, which feed 　7　 at least 87 species.
The Amazon rainforest is not only home to numerous species of animals and plants but also known as the“lungs of the planet”, because it breathes life 　8　 the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. But over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest 　9　 (disappear) due to human activities. And some species are also in danger of 　10　 (extinct). It is time for us to do something to protect it.
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
能力提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A
(2021江苏扬州高一下期中)
If you were to throw, say, a banana skin out of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it's part of a fruit—right Actually, no. A banana skin can take up to two years to be naturally processed, and a third of drivers confess they litter banana skins while driving. An orange skin and a cigarette butt (烟蒂) have similar biodegrading (生物降解) time to that of a banana skin, but tin cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles.
Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can't measure the danger of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short length of biodegrading time, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown in the UK every day.
It's not a cheap habit either: to keep our streets clean annually costs UK taxpayers ￡500 million, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to ￡1 billion. So, it's not surprising that if caught throwing rubbish, you could face a ￡20,000 fine or even prison time and, if you threw something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve. Regardless of how serious these punishments might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were found guilty out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people obey the rules.
1.What does the underlined word “confess” in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Defend. B.Admit.
C.Determine. D.Assume.
2.Which of the following has the shortest biodegrading time
A.Glass bottles. B.Tin cans.
C.Plastic bottles. D.Banana skins.
3.What can be inferred from the passage
A.The punishment for throwing rubbish illegally is rather light.
B.The harm of rubbish can be measured by its lifetime.
C.Cigarette-related litter and fruit skins can be ignored for their fairly short lifetime.
D.A small number of people felt guilty of illegally littering.
4.What is the purpose of the passage
A.To call for people not to litter illegally.
B.To inform readers of different biodegrading terms.
C.To encourage people to use fewer plastic bags.
D.To attach significance to good behavior.
B
China is showing the world its great resolve in the global climate campaign with concrete and self-motivated efforts as well as serious commitment.
At the opening ceremony of the Paris climate summit, Chinese President Xi Jinping restated China's plan made in June to cut its carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 60—65 per cent from 2005 levels by 2030, and increase non-fossil fuel sources in primary energy consumption to about 20 per cent.
With a large population, China is facing increasing resource limits, severe environmental pollution and a worsening ecosystem, and its citizens are also becoming increasingly aware of environmental problems. Suffering environmental problems and considering the efforts important in order to transform its economic growth pattern, the country will have much at risk if climate change is left unattended.
Actually, climate change efforts have already been included in China's medium-and long-term program of economic and social development, and ecological efforts are the clear characteristics in China's 13th Five-Year Plan(2016—2020).
Although it is and will be a developing country for a long time, China has been actively involved in the global campaign against climate change, now topping the world in terms of energy conservation and the use of new and renewable energy.
However, China's development rights need to be respected. It is unfair to overstress China's status as one of the world's largest greenhouse gas emitters and regard it as the major part of responsibilities in the global fight against climate change.
It is worthy of notice that China's emissions of greenhouse gases per person are far lower than those of developed countries, especially the United States, although rapid economic expansion and its population base have made it one of the biggest producers of the greenhouse gas.
To show its great resolve, China also announced the establishment of an independent South-South cooperation in September, investing RMB 20 billion to help developing countries affected by global warming.
While China is eagerly accomplishing its policy commitment, developed countries should stop questioning China's commitment to fighting climate change and pointing fingers, and start shouldering their due responsibilities instead.
5.China is self-motivated to fight against climate change in order to 　　　.
A.top the world
B.transform its economic growth pattern
C.solve its population problem
D.respond to pressure from developed countries
6.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refers to 　　　.
A.China B.the United States
C.economic expansion D.the population base
7.It can be inferred from the text that 　　　.
A.China will completely use non-fossil fuels by 2030
B.China will carry out its plan by stopping its development
C.Chinese emit more greenhouse gases than Americans on average
D.some developed countries are not taking on their responsibilities
8.Which of the following is a sign of China's self-motivated fight against climate change
A.Expanding its economy.
B.Using non-renewable energy.
C.Making the fight against climate change part of China's 13th Five-Year Plan.
D.Donating money to developing countries.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021江苏南师苏校高一下期中)
You may not be very familiar with “ecotourism”.　1　But in an age of growing environmental awareness, it is not too difficult for us to imagine and understand this new form of holiday.
Ecotourism which is considered as a kind of responsible tourism, is typically defined as travel to places where special and unusual plants, animals and cultural heritages(遗产)are the main attractions. 　2　Therefore, programs concerning the protection of some natural and cultural spots also form a part of ecotourism.
Ecotourism is developing at a great speed, according to a recent report by the World Tourism Organization. Ecotourism in recent years has enjoyed an annual growth of about 5% worldwide.　3　They include bird watching, hiking, diving, photography and taking part in various kinds of local cultural events.
　4　However, it looks like some smaller towns and country areas may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow because they are rich in ecological, cultural and historical resources.
Ecotourism has been gaining increasing recognition and popularity mainly for the relaxing, natural and vivid experience it offers to tourists. People are attracted to nature and long to be close to it. However, conflict between nature and human beings is unavoidable.　5　
A.The definition of ecotourism is beyond words.
B.It takes ecology and culture into consideration.
C.It is a new term in today's tourism industry.
D.More than 80 activities have been listed for ecotourism.
E.People can have great fun enjoying nature through ecotourism.
F.Big cities are still the major places that attract tourists in our society today.
G.How to protect natural resources while taking advantage is of great importance.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
参考答案与解析
基础知识过关
Ⅰ.1.extinction　2.agriculture　3.thus　4.survive
Ⅱ.1.breathe life into　2.has been built up　3.breaking down
4.in turn　5.due to
Ⅲ.1.on　考查介词。分析可知,you've had 　　　my life是省去了关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词impact;固定短语have an impact on表示“对……有影响”,故填on。句意:我想亲自感谢你对我的生活的影响。
2.to　考查介词。固定短语:do harm to对……有害,故填to。句意:歧视黑人对他们造成了巨大的伤害。
3.various/varied　考查形容词。分析可知空格处作定语修饰名词measures,需用形容词,故填various或varied。句意:作为地方扶贫工作的重要组成部分,地方政府采取各种措施,帮助这些妇女就近就业,摆脱贫困。
Ⅳ.1.more than　2.It is;to be invited　3.Under;sat/sits
Ⅴ.1.an　考查冠词。固定短语:cover an area of 占……面积。故填an。 句意:它占地约600万平方千米。
2.which　考查定语从句关系词。分析可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Amazon River,且在从句中作主语,故填which。句意:它得名自亚马孙河,这条河长约6,400千米,哺育着许多不同的生态系统……
3.supporting　考查现在分词。分析可知,　3　 many different ecosystems作状语,且the Amazon River与support之间为逻辑上的主动关系,需用现在分词,故填supporting。句意同上题。
4.varieties　考查名词复数。固定短语varieties of表示“各种各样的”,故填varieties。 句意:亚马孙雨林里有各种各样的植物。
5.unbelievable　考查形容词。分析可知空格处修饰名词variety,需用形容词,believe的形容词形式是believable,再根据语境和空前的an可知,此处需用其反义词,故填unbelievable。 句意:森林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。
6.are　考查时态和主谓一致。分析可知主句为介词短语置于句首的倒装句,主语jaguars是复数,再根据整篇文章的语境可知应用一般现在时,故填are。句意:美洲豹就是其中之一,它们以至少87个物种为食。
7.on　考查介词。固定短语:feed on以……为食,故填on。句意同上题。
8.into　考查介词。固定短语:breathe life into给……注入活力。故填into。句意:亚马孙雨林不仅是许多种动植物的栖息地,而且它还被称为“地球之肺”,因为它通过固碳和产生地球20%以上的氧气来为地球注入活力。
9.has disappeared　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the past 50 years可知应用现在完成时;主语是about 17 per cent of the rainforest,谓语应用单数形式。故填has disappeared。句意:但是在过去的50年里,由于人类的活动,约17%的雨林已经消失了。
10.extinction　考查名词。分析可知空格处在句中作介词of的宾语,需用名词,extinction是不可数名词,故填extinction。句意:而且一些物种也处于灭绝的危险中。
能力提升训练
Ⅰ.A
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过事例和数据呼吁人们遵守扔垃圾的规则,不要乱扔垃圾。
1.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的they litter banana skins while driving可知,这是司机在陈述过往经历,承认自己在开车时扔香蕉皮的行为。所以confess应表示“承认”,故选B。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的A banana skin can take up to two years to be naturally processed...but tin cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles.可知,香蕉皮所需的生物降解时间最短,故选D。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Regardless of how serious these punishments might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were found guilty out of 825,000可知,在乱扔垃圾的人中,只有一小部分感到愧疚,故选D。
4.A　推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章的目的是呼吁人们遵守扔垃圾的规则,不要乱扔垃圾,故选A。
B
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府为了应对环境变化而做出的一些努力。中国将采取一系列的措施来减少温室气体的排放。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第三段末句Suffering environmental problems and considering the efforts important in order to transform its economic growth pattern,the country will have much at risk if climate change is left unattended.可知,中国决定应对气候变化是为了改变自己的经济增长模式。故选B。
6.A　推理判断题。根据上文中的China's emissions of greenhouse gases以及rapid economic expansion and its population base可知,it指代的是中国。故选A。
7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的start shouldering their due responsibilities instead可知,有些发达国家没有负起自己的责任。故选D。
8.C　推理判断题。第四段主要介绍的是中国政府为了应对气候变化所采取的措施。根据第四段中的ecological efforts are the clear characteristics in China's 13th Five-Year Plan可知,应对气候变化成了“十三五”规划的一部分。故选C。
Ⅱ.语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。你可能对生态旅游不熟悉,这是旅游界的一个新名词。但是随着人们对环保的重视程度增加,我们想象和理解这种度假方式就不难了。
1.C　根据空格前一句You may not be very familiar with “ecotourism”.可知,由于ecotourism是一个新兴名词,大家对它会比较陌生。因此我们可以通过C项中的名词短语new term跟空前的not be very familiar的一致性来确定这两个句子之间有一定的关联性,因此C项It is a new term in today's tourism industry.符合语境。故选C。
2.B　根据上文Ecotourism which is considered as a kind of responsible tourism, is typically defined as travel to places where special and unusual plants, animals and cultural heritages(遗产) are the main attractions.以及下文Therefore, programs concerning the protection of some natural and cultural spots also form a part of ecotourism.可知本段解释了生态旅游的含义,提到了文化遗产和稀有动植物,由此得知生态旅游考虑到了生态和文化,因此B项It takes ecology and culture into consideration.符合语境。故选B。
3.D　根据空格后一句They include bird watching, hiking, diving, photography and taking part in various kinds of local cultural events.可知,生态旅游包括多种活动,因此D项More than 80 activities have been listed for ecotourism.符合语境。空后句中的They指代D项中的More than 80 activities,故选D。
4.F　根据空格后一句中的However可知前后存在对比,F项中的Big cities与后一句中的some smaller towns and country areas 形成对比,因此F项Big cities are still the major places that attract tourists in our society today.符合语境,故选F。
5.G　根据空格前一句However, conflict between nature and human beings is unavoidable.可知,后面应该说如何在利用自然资源的同时还能保护自然资源至关重要。因此G项How to protect natural resources while taking advantage is of great importance.符合语境, 故选G。